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WING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY
APE COD NEW JERSEY
WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON
NAHUM MORSE, President New Cranberry Mutual
30 Cents
MAY, 1951
tC.r
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CRANBERRIES
MAGAZINE
Has served the Cranberry Industry for 15 years
Water White KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
TANK TRUCK SERVICE
and
HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING
Arrang-ed.
NATHAN G. ROBY
Gasoline
Carver, Mass. Tel. 95
Fuel Oil
J. W. Hurley Co.
• COAL
• NEW ENGLAND COKE
• FUEL OIL
Water White
-KEROSENE-
For BOGS
(METERED TRUCKS)
24-hour Fuel Oil Service
Telephone 24-2 149 Main St. WAREHAM
U^^^
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Beans Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
The Price Of Success
The price of success is hard work. The WIS- CONSIN CANBERRY SALES COMPANY is set up to bring success to cranberry growers — and hard work to bring this about is a part of our motto.
We believe that hard work, constant looking ahead to the future to keep more than abreast of events as they occur — and, through co-operation, success will be achieved.
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company
(A Cooperative)
WISCONSIN RAPIDS
WISCONSIN
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
Morris April Bros.
Bridgeton - Tuckahoe
New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries
Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
Wareham Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
ir> en
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
Cape & Vineyard Electric Company
Offices :
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vineyard Haven
Hall & Cole
Established 1848 Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
E^tpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emergency
Portable and AH Applications
Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced
Alan Painten Co.
Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS.
VOLTA OIL CO.
Distributor of the Famous
TEXACO
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
For your Bog
Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R
Plymouth, Mass. Hedge Road, North Plymouth
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Too Many April Frosts
The first frost warning- was re- leased April 17 by Dr. H. J. Frank- lin as compared with May 8 last year and the same date, or April 17, in 1949. Up to the present time (May 4), sixteen warnings have been released as compared with none during this period in 1950, thirteen in 1949, and seven- teen in 1948. These figures include both the afternoon and evening forecases. The telephone and radio frost warning services are operating smoothly. We sincerely hope that frost activity reduces in tempo during the month of May; othei-wise, our rather ample water supplies at the start of the season will be depleted before the middle of May.
Growers may be interested to know that we have a few more subscribers to the frost warning service, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, than we had at this time last year. The key man in this system is, of course, Doctor Franklin. The writ- er sometimes wonders if growers realize and appreciate Doctor Franklin's tremendous responsibil- ity during the spring and fall frost seasons. He is on duty practically twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. The Weather Bureau personnel, as well as growers, re- spect his judgment. The cranber- ry industry is indeed fortunate that an entomologist, many years ago, tackled our weather problems along with insect control and vari- ous other problems.
The officers and directors of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation were responsible for an- other successful spring meeting of the Association, held recently at the Wareham Town Hall. An ac- count of the meeting is found in this Issue of "CUANBERUIES".
prepared by the editor. However, we would like to mention a new feature this year which included an exhibit of labor-saving "gadgets" and equipment developed by grow- ers. We had a total of thirteen entries. Judgin™ from the com- ments, there was considerable in- terest in this type of exhibit. We appreciate the growers' cooper- ation this year and hope to expand the display another year.
Hydraulic Sanding
Prof. Earle Cox, of the Agricul- tural Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts, has been experimenting with a new method of sanding. We hope that growers who witnessed the dem- onstration of hydraulic sanding at the spring meeting of the Associ- ation will not be too hasty in their judgment of this sanding tech- nique. Since that demonstration. Professor Cox has refined the sys- tem considerably with the helpful suggestion of gi-owers and Experi- ment Station personnel so that the recent demonstration at the State Bog has been much more encour- aging. Experiments with hydraulic sanding are not new, but develop- ing the technique for Massachu- setts bogs is new.
Dr. Franklin's Insect Bulletin
The long-awaited final section or installment of Doctor Franklin's Inse-.-t Bulletin No. 445 should be ready for distribution to growers by the end of May. As soon as it io received from the printers, growers will be notified,. It is well illustrated and follows the pattern presented in Part I of his most recent Insect Bulletin. Every grower should have a copy of both bulletins on "Cranberry Insects in Massachusetts."
Those attending the Cape club meetings and the spring meeting of the .\sS(iciati(>M were iileascd to
learn that a section of another long-awaited bulletin will be ready for distribution before many months. Dr. Chester Cross has completed the first part, grasses, of his new Weed Bulle.in. It is now in the hands of the Experi- ment Station editor. This bulletin is beautifully illustrated by Mrs. Cross, who is an accomplished art- ist and a botanist by profession, having received her Ph. D. in this particular field at Radcliffe.
Knot Grub Still No. 1 Pest We have an insert note from Doctor Franklin, leniiiuiing grow- ers that the cranberry root brub is still our No. 1 insect pest and should not be overlooked when planning spring's work. The three effective treatments still include the use of P. D. B. crystals under sand, cyaniding, and flooding. The flooding treatment is considered the most effective. For those who vdll be flooding to control grubs, May 12 is the date to reflow bogs and hold until July 15-20. In view of the advanced season, it might be well to reflow a few days ear- lier, according to Doctor Franklin. We have a few timely sugges- tions on weed control from Doctor Cross. Pitchforks are now plenti- ful and are easily controlled by spraying with iron sulphate, 1 lb. ii. 1 gal. of water, 400 gals, per acre. This chemical can be applied dry, but it is considerably cheaper and faster to spray iron sulphate on young- pitchfork weeds.
Doctor Cross recommends that those growers who have a problem with small brambles try some spot treatments, using Stoddard Solvent and applying it with a knapsack sprayer. The nozzle of the sprayer should be placed under the vines and just over the crown of the small bramble plant, and a liberal "shot" of Stoddard Solvent ap- plied. There will be damage to any new growth of vines, even using this technique; but the vines will not be killed. Two or three treat- ments during the summer months may be required, but results appear to be promising. Finally, Doctor Cross suggests that growers inter- ested in chemical weed control should spend their money on the control of ferns, poison ivy, wild bean and small brambles, which
Two
ruin production in a short time.
Dr. Chandler's Fertilizer Experiments Dr. F. B. Chandler has been con- ducting some interesting experi- ments as to methods of cutting costs in the application of ferti- lizers. He has been working par- ticularly with liquid fertilizers and has applied them in flood waters on various bogs during the last three years. Any grower inter- ested in trying liquid fertilizers in a frost flow the last of May should contact Doctor Chandler.
Cranberry Growers Mutual Organized At Wareham
More than 100 growers meeting at Wareham Memorial town hall, May 2 voted to organize a group to be known as the Cranberry Grow- ers' Mutual, its main purposes be- ing to promote better understand- ing by the growers of marketing conditions and if possible to assist in obtaining satisfactory selling prices. Practically every grower pi'esent voted his willingness to join and many paid dues, set, for the first year, at .$2. A consider- able number was forced to leave the meeting about 9 o'clock when notice was given that Dr. H. J. Franklin had forecast a more se- vere frost possible that night than
indicated in his noon prediction.
Nahum B. Morse of East Free- town, who had been elected chair- man of a Policy committee of 11 which has held several meetings, presided,, with Chester W. Robbins of Onset, secretary. Towards the close of the meeting it was moved officers of the group be named, and without opposition Mr. Morse was chosen president, Ernest Shaw of Carver, vice president, Mr. Rob- bins, secretary, W. E. C. Warr, Jr., of Wareham, treasurer, and the directors were named,, all being members of the policy committee. These are: Bruce Arthur of King- ston, Alfred L. Pappi of Wareham, Robert C. Hammond of East Ware- ham, Arthur Handy of Cotuit, Charles Savery of Cotuit, Robert Cahoon of Harwich, .John Shields of Osterville, Louis Sherman of Plymouth.
Six objectives were adopted with little discussion. These are: (1) to encourage and promote unity and a cooperative spirit among all growers; (2) To encourage through education a better understanding of marketing principles; (3) To study and promote the orderly and eff'icient marketing of cranberries; (4) To piomote the adoption of the universal practice of selling cran- berries only on an F. 0. B. ship- ping point basis; (.5) To urge pro- per a'::tion in the integration of marketing and selling of fresh and pi-ocessed cranberries; (6) To do any and all things which may legal- ly be done to benefit the members collectively in the growing and flisposition of their crops.
It was voted that the association
(Continued on Page 18)
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSEN
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
•
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymouth, Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
WESTERN PICKERS Inc.
1172 Hemlock Avenue Coos Bay, Oregon
This Spring has seen some of the greatest rehabilitation of old bogs with the Western Picker. Bogs that have become rank with weeds — in- terwoven by new massed growth of vines — have been straightened out, cleaned and pruned with the aid of a Western Picker.
In Oregon, Mr. Kaye Howard of Hauser, used a Western Picker to straighten out the bog formerly operated by Reuben Lyons. This was 13 acres of Searles, McFarlins and Stankavichs. The bog had not been sanded for ten years. Old debris covered the bottom in places to a height of two inches. During April, Ml-. Howard had Dana Wright operate the picker through this bog. To say that the appear- ance had been changed is putting it mildly.
In doing this work, Mr. Wright set the front conveyor roller right down to the teeth and set the vine roller back 12% inches from the front of the teeth. This worked very satisfactory. Mr. Howard says the work done by the Western Picker could not be done by hand for less than $1,000.
In Massachusetts, Mr. Oscar P. Marsh was doing the same thing on Orrin Colley's bog in Pembroke. Not only did he do the necessary combing and pruning, but he worked out a method of training the diag- onals in a bog that is being trained for picking round and round,. This subject will be more fully covered in a future issue.
All this goes to show that the Western Picker is an all-round ma- chine. If it could not pick a single berry, it would still pay for itself in bog maintenance. Many a run- down bog would be nearly impos- sible to save without going over it with a Western Picker. In any case it will be cheaper than by any other method.
Also, it is not particularly hard, work. Nearly any person can do it, and because it is relatively easy one does not dread starting the work so much. Yes, indeed. It certainly is the Mechanical Age. (A DVT).
Three
^^H*lWN»LCRANBMRy„,^^^^^^.
ISSUE OF MAY, 1951 — VOL. 16. NO. 1
Published monthly at The Couriei Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. fjubsci iption, {S.OU pe-r y<.iir. Entered as Sucond-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-olBce at Wareham. Msssachiisetli, under the Act of March 3. I87S
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C. J. H,
MASSACHUSETTS
April Frosts
Thirteen frost warnings went out from Dr. Franklin during- April, for seven nights, that is, afternoon and evening warnings. The first was for the 17th, The final was rn the night of the 30th. First warning brought a low of 18 at Carlisle in Middlesex, but winds blew in the Cape area and the low- est reached at the State Bog was 32. On the night of the 30th Car- lisle got 20, while readings in the Plymouth-Barnstable counties dis- trict averaged around 24-25. It was cold enough to give growers troublesome nights on several oc- casions.
However, there was plenty of water available for those who or- dinarily have frost protection, and Dr. Franklin called frost injury for the month as "probably practi- cally none."
Rainfall Below Normal
Rainfall as recorded at the State Bog was 2.73 inches, or some- what less than average. Warmest recording in the State Bog shelter was 73 degrees for the month. Bogs Looli Good
Bogs were generally described as lioking "pretty good," for the end of April, that is, bud was satisfac- tory and vines appeared to be in good condition.
WASHINGTON
New Bulletin
(Ji'owers hci'e are to have a new bulletin sent out at regular inter- vals by Ralph B. Tidrick, county extension agent, with offices at South Bend. He is a new member of the extension staff for Pacific and Gr'ays Harbor counties arul is
Tniir
gradually taking over the cran- berry work performed by Nolan Servoss. First bulletin has been issued, called "The Cranberry Vine", in three-page mimeograph form.
It offered advice from D. J. Crowley, suggestions for pruning, weeding, frost control, recommen- dations for lecanium scale, ferti- lizers, etc. Mr. Tidrick requests growers to send in any interesting experiments they may be conduct- ing-, to pass along- to other growers.
Pest Experiments
Mr. Crowley is planning to do seme insect and weed control work in Grayland this season. He is to spray one bog, following- the in- structions of the Cranberry Spray Chart to demonstrate that fire- worms and fruitworms can be con- t) oiled if the timing and applica- tions of proper materials are right. His plans for weed control woi-k are to put out a series of plots, demonstrating weed control recom- mendations for various types of troublesome weeds. Cecil Doming is cooperating with him and the Extension Service on one set of plots.
0"Fr.ON
A "heat" reaching 84 sti-uek the Bandon bog area on April 10, with air so warm east breezes chased off the cold north wind of previous d,--iys. The top of 84 was reported ;!t Kranberry Acres, the bog of Mr. and Mi-s. L. M. Kranick.
They have a thermometer-alarm system which warns when the temperatures reach dangerous highs or lows. The heat alarm was sounded and it was necessai-y
to sprinkle the bog to protect tha new growth from heat damap;e
J^.R.-F.Y
April About Normal
April weather was not far from normal. The average temperature for the month was 51.3°, which is only .4° below normal. The rain- fall of 2.57 inches was .66 inches below normal, but it was well spaced in the month. Sunshine was adequate, so that growing conditions were good. No fi-ost warnings were needed. At the end of the month cranberry buds on early d.rawn bogs were just bursting- or ready to break. The earliest blueberry variety was in full bloom.
Control Chart Out
The cianberry insect and disease ccntrol chart was mailed to the growers. For the first time, this chart was arranged in order of date for the spray, dust, or flood instead of being arranged for each individual pest. Cranberry scale continues to be on the increase.
Cranberry Institute Formed to Promote Sale of Fresh Fruit
The idea of a Fresh Cranberry Institute, which has been much discussed for several years, mater- ialized April 27 when a group met at the A. D. Makepeace Co. office, Wareham, Massachusetts, and in corporated as such. Purpose of the Institute is similar to that of other agricultural industry organizations of like nature — to promote the sales of the product. No plan have been mndc for paid adver-tis
ing by the Institute but it is ex- pected to launch nation-wide pub- licity campaigns from its New York office and to engage in many kinds of promotional activity.
All shippers of fresh cranberries within the industry, cooperative and independent, have been invited to participate. Individual brands of cranberries are not to bo men- tioned in the Institute publicity, just "cranberries," but members may and will continue to advertise individual brand names them- selves, such as American Cran- berry Exchange's famous "Eat- mor."
The incorporators are Russell Makepeace of Wareham, Homer L. Gibbs of West Wareham, Theo- dore H. Budd of Pemberton, N. J., George Howard Morse of Attle- boro, Orrin G. Colley of Plymouth, Charles L. Lewis of Shell Lake, Wisconsin, and Harold DeLong of Wisconsin.
Officers elected are: president, Russell Makepeace of Wareham; Melville C. Beaton of Wareham, vice-president; T. H. Budd, secre- tary-treasurer; directors, Mr. Bea- ton, Mr. Makepeace, Mr. Budd, Mr. Morse, Mr. Colley, William Decas of Wareham, Anthony De- Marco of Hammonton, N. J. Others will be added later, as membership increases.
Participating in the plans for the organization, with preliminary meetings in New York were rep- resentatives of American Cranber- ry Exchange and its state member companies, Mr. Colley of Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperatives, Inc., Mr. Morse of Morse Bros., large ship- pers and Mr .DeMarco.
Office of the Institute is at 2 West 56th St., New York, where a new test kitchen has been set up under the supervision of Gen- eral Electric Company. Plans for the Institute include continual re- search development new and dif- ferent ways of using fresh cran- berries, research on the nutri- tional values of fresh cranberries. The new kitchen has the latest in modern electrical cooking and re- frigeration equipment. It is ex-
LABOR SHORTAGE. HIGH COSTS?
Not when spraying- and dusting
are done with our airplanes and
helicopters.
•
AIRBORNE SPRAYERS
Bedford Airport
Lexington, Mass.
Lex. 9-2400
pected to make similar contacts with other manufacturers.
Because the Institute will limit its scope in publicity to news- papers, magazines, radio and tele- vision outlets without buying ad- vertising space, the campaigns will be financed on a basis of two cents per case (quarter-bbl. box) from each member, which amounts to about a half of a cent per pound on cranberries going into fresh fruit markets.
New Sales Manager For Cranberry Growers, Inc., Wise.
S. L. Healer of Mission, Kansas, has been engaged as sales mana- ger of Cranberry Growers, Wis- consin Rapids, Wisconsin, ac- cording to B. C. Brazeau, presi- dent. Cranberry Growers, Inc., is the marketer of INDIAN TRAIL brand and VINE FRESH brand cranberries.
For the past fourteen years Mr. Healer has been employed by the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company in Kansas City, Missouri, where he has served as manager of the District Sales Office of that company.
Mr. Healer will take over his new duties in June at which time he will move to Wisconsin Rapids with his wife and three children.
N. E. Sales Co.
Has Annual Meeting
And Elects Officers
Number of Directors Re- duced for Both State Unit and the American Cran- l^erry Exchange.
"The American Cranberry Ex- change intends to do a real mer- chandizing and advertising job this coming season", Harold E. Bryant, new general manager of ACE, told members of New England Cran- berry Sales Company at the annual meeting of that group at Cai'ver town hall, April 20. "I think there are some phases in the marketing of cranberries which we have not investigated yet.
"We have a new plan which our adveitising agency tells us, and which we believe, will cost less money than we spent last year and bring better results than many campaigns have in the past. I may make mistakes in my new job and I probably will, but I promise members of the Exchange my most earnest and greatest efforts, and in return I ask you to support the Exchange".
He continued that he was pleased to appear before the New England group for the second time and that (Continued on Page 14)
IRRIGATION
* FLEX-0 SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS
* GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS
* SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS
•
Wi'ite for fi-ee descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinkleis, and pumping- units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRlGATiOPl DiV.
Forestdale, Cape Co-, Mass.
Tel. Osterville 719
Fiv
Nahum Morse Heading New Cranberry Mutual Is Man Often Given Jobs To Do
Has Been Given Many Assignments Within the Industry, Is Director of Eastern States Farmers' Exchange — Operates 40-Acre Property at East Freetown.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
Nahum B. Morse of East Freetown, Massachusetts has been in the industry since 1926 and is one of those growers who at all times main- tains a keen and active participation in the occupation of his choice. In his case this interest has been in both cultural and marketing aspects.
He has served on committees of various sorts, appeared on dis- cussion panels at cranberry club meetings, taken part in many a debate at other industry gatherings, expressing his opinions for or against projects, as he saw the light. Any industry needs a certain number of those individuals who will carry their interests in the overall picture beyond their own personal affairs.
Because he has shown this ab- sorption in all things pertaining to cranberries is probably why he was chosen temporary chairman to preside at the mass meeting of growers at Wareham on March 16 met to consider possibilties as to how growers might obtain greater participation in marketing, then chosen a member of the Policy Committee selected to draw up some concrete plans, and at the first meeting of this committee elected its chairman. He was one of an original group of about a dozen, which had been gotten to- gether in the first place in the be- lief that something should be done by growers themselves concerning marketing conditions.
On May 2 he was elected presi- dent of this new organization, the Cranberry Growers' Mutual.
Is Often Given "Jobs" to Do
He happens to be one of those men who are often given assign- ments when a group, club or an association want to get something done. He always accepts these duties.
It happens he is a member of the Board of Selectmen of his home town of Freetown now serving his fifth year, and (by ro- tation) will next year be chairman. He has been president of the Southeastern Massachusetts Cran- berry Club, and as such served a couple of years as a director of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. He is chairman of
the East Freetown Choral Group. He is a past deputy of the Massa- chusetts State Grange. For eleven years he has been a director of New England Cranberry Sales Company.
Two years ago he was chosen to the rather important position of a director of the Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, which is made up of about 7,000 members fronr 9 states with headquarters at West Springfield, Mass. This is a farm- ers' purchasing cooperative. As a director, committee work takes him on trips over the State sev- eral times a year, an assignment he enjoys.
He was for some years "quite strong in Grange activities," as he puts it, and still is a member of the East Freetown unit. He is a member of the East Freetown Congregational Church and of Wareham Post, 220, American Legion.
His present working niche in the Massachusetts cranberry industry is president and general manager of the Chipaway Corporation with bog holdings at East Freetown.
Just Happened Into Cranberries
Morse got into cranberry grow- ing like many others in the Cape Cod cranberry area mostly be- cause it came as a rather natural thing to do. He was born March 17, 1899 at West Wareham, in the Pierceville section, where there are many bogs. He is the son of Mr. ami Mis. Isaac F. Morse, his
father having had a bog of about two acres in nearby Rochester. In fact his father, who is a farmer, still owns 'a bog of about the same size, although a different one in Rochester.
Nahum is the brother of Ray- mond F. (CRANBERRIES, May, 1944) as is well know in the Massachusetts area, where the two brothers are about equally active in taking part in various cran- berry affairs.
Nahum attended Wareham High School and then for a short time worked before he volunteered for service in World War I. This was not long after the outbreak. He chose the cavalry as the branch of service for him, and was assigned to duty in Texas, mostly at Ft. Sam Houston. In all, he spent 26 months in the service, being a corporal at the time of his dis- charge.
He remained in Texas for five years. For a time he worked in a drugstore and for a time as sales- man for an office supply firm. While in Texas he married Lucille Haddon of San Antonio and they had one son born there, Nahum H. Morse, who was killed in service in the second World War.
The Morses have had in all eight children, and among them is Wil- liam who recently enlisted in the Navy. The others are Eugenia, who is married and has three chil- dren; Charlotte, Marjorie who has two children; Phyllis, who is studying at a teachers' college; Joanne, who died in childhood and Phillip who is to be graduated from high school this year.
After five years in Texas Na- hum says he "guesses I got kind of homesick for New England
■INTERESTED-
in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale.
Vernon Goldsworthy
936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Sis
again," and the family came back to Massachusetts. His back- ground had been more or less farming, his father having "lived off the land," selling wood, vege- tables and so forth. Of course Nahum had picked cranberries when he was small, as had most boys of his native area and of his generation and was familiar with cranberrying.
So he naturally took a job in the cranberry industry, that of fore- man for E. L. Bartholomew, large WarehanT grower. This was in 1926. After he first began work- ing for Mr. Bartholomew, later the latter moved away for some years and had almost complete charge of the properties. He continued in that capacity until the Winter of 1930.
In the spring of that year he became foreman for the late L. B. R. Barker at the Century bogs and screenhouse in Plymouth. He remained with Mr. Barker until 1938.
The time then came when he decided to go into the cranberry business for himself. There was a piece of property for sale in East Fieetown of 22 acres, that of the Copicut Cranberry Company. With Lyman G. Bryant of East Ware- ham, and B. C. Gushing, Ware- ham attorney, as clerk, the Chip- away corporation was formed and the property purchased.
The name Chipaway came be- cause an ancient road near the bog was so called and is presumably Indian in origin.
From several owners of adjoin- ing property pieces of land were bought from time to time. The original purchase had contained about 375 acres in all. A large purchase was one made from the New Bedford Ice Company, \vhich had cut ice on a pond there for a great many years. This purchase consisted of about 150 acres, and with the various extensions al- togeher the Chipaway now has about 575 acres.
The bog land was originally muck and it is estimated that 100 acres of good bog can be put in, if circumstances warrant the ven- ture.
Made Pond Into Bog
To the original 22 acres small
pieces were put mto vines, the largest being that on the property bought from the New Bedford Ice Company, so that the total acreage now is about 40, the final pieces having been put in in 1948. This latest piece was made on the site of a pond where the ice was fornr- erly cut, and has not yet, of course, come into full bearing.
This pond was one of about 50 acres, including some swamp, and was quite a drainage job. It re- quired a canal two miles long to be dug by gas shovels and the re- moving of an old bridge on Chase Road to lower a brook bed three feet and replacing the old struc- ture with a modern arched con- crete bridge. The town assisted in the project because it got a new bridge and also additional taxable property from the bog develop- ment.
The original Copicut bog, be- sides Early Blacks and Howes had some odd varieties. Now, except for these "old fashioned" varieties such as centennials and natives, the acreage is about divided between Howes and Blacks. Largest Coop to Date 2400 Bbls.
As new pieces have been con- stantly coming in, to make an estimate of the average produc- tion would be difficult. The maxi- mum has obviously not yet been reached, but the largest crop to
(late has been about 2400 barrels in 1946. This was on 26 acres.
Water supplies at Chipaway are excellent, the source being spring- fed brooks, the water being stored in five separate reservoirs. There are about 100 acres of reservoirs, which is in good proportion to the vine acreage. All bogs are located so they may be flooded by gravity.
Sand is excellent and it is in ample quantity by the bogside. In fact there is so much sand that the corporation has recently gone into the sand, gravel and loam business in a small way as a side line. This may be branched out. This has provided a very handy cash income in recent months dur- ing the "cranberry depi-ession," which it is hoped is now about the end.
Morse lives at East Freetown village, about two miles from the bogs and he himself has been busy operating a gas clam shell shovel in loading- sand trucks. As a mat- ter of fact this interview with Morse was obtained piece meal — that is in the intervals when he was not manipulating the shovel and filling the waiting trucks. This acounts for his cover picture attired as a machine operator.
Freetown is in Bristol County, with relatively small cranberry acreage as compared to Plymouth or Barnstable, although equally
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INSECTICIDES - FUNGICIDES - AMMATE COPPER SULPHATE - FERMATE
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER or
D. L HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT
Established in 1878
Sevep
good ill cranbt'iiy opportunity.
Some portions of this county may be colder than the two main cranberry-growing- counties. But he does not consider the Chipaway situation such, and this is borne out by his temperature records which correspond quite closely with the records of the State Bog at East Warehani in frost periods. P'or one thing, the bog is not more than five miles from salt water at Assonet Bay. He believes spring comes earlier and perhaps fall frosts a trifle earlier as well, but the region has less fogs or cloudy mornings than the Cape and con- sequently more sunshine. The set, too, is usually good.
Berries from Chipaway are trucked to the Treiii'ont packing house of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company.
Believes in Cranberry Mechanization
Morse believes in mechanization of cranberry work insofar as jjossible. He was among the first to venture with the Western Picker. Chipaway now has two of these mechanical harvesters.
Of the Western and the future of mechanical picking-, Mr. Morse's
views are: "the mechanical har- vesting is here to stay". Increasing- costs and scarcity of labor will "force this upon growers." He is strongly .convinced of the good points of the Western Picker. He calls it a "good, practical machine, and he has machine harvested for the past two seasons at lower costs and brought the crop in good shape.
Proper operation of the Western does not cause excessive bruising in his experience, but he warns against picking" too early, and when berries are light in color they bruise easily. In the spring of '50 he had held berries until March, then ACE sold them. He had E. C. McGrew in the New York office keep a close check on his ship- ments and found that in every case they were as good or better than hand picked. In one case his ma- chined berries were chosen from handpicked lots.
Mr. Morse is definitely not dis- couraged as to the future of the cranberry industry. He believes the industry could have avoided some mistakes it made and need not have been in such a bad situ- ation as it is, or was, if the gen- erally improving optimism is cor-
Yoii can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• EiScient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
rect. "Every industry has its ups and downs. We've been given a bad time these past few years. But I definitely am not ready to give up. Not by any means.
"However, if we are to succeed we must come closer together as growers, that is all growers and all sales agencies. I am sure this can bring about full and complete recovery to the industry."
Hobby is Music
Beyond his work in the cran- berry industry, Morse has but a single hobby. That is music. He has been in demand for a good many years upon many a diff'erent occasion to lend his voice in sing- ing, particularly in quartet work. He sings tenor.
A quartet which was very popu- lar some years ago was known as "That Quartet", which was composed of Nahum, his brother Raymond, B. C. Patterson, prin- cipal of Wareham High school, and the late Ralph Huxtable, Ware- ham Selectnian. He still is fre- quently called upon to sing.
Guest Editorial
In Defense Of Tfie Independent Agency
To the Editor, CRANBERRIES Magazines:
It appears timely that someone should come to the editorial de- fense of the independent cranberry sales agencies. Over a period of years articles have ben written in the several periodicals of the cranberry industry with consider- able frequency, attempting to set forth the universal delinquencies of the independent agencies as con- trasted with the "holier than thou" operations of the major coopera- tive. From reading these messages over a period of years one would conclude that the independent agencies are operated by irrespon- sible rapscallions who do not care what they get for their cranberries, and who are utterly devoid of in- dustry responsibility while the major cooperative maintains an f. o. b. price structure of such a
(Csntinued on Page 10)
^'»i>t
^ditb^als
Vol. 16 No. 1 ISSUE OF MAY 1951
TWO MORE ORGANIZATIONS
FHE cranberry industry has two more organizations, these being the Fresh i'^ruit Institute and the Cranberry Growers' VTutual. With the number of cooperatives, he Council, the associations and the clubs, ome growers, so they say, are becoming 3retty much confused as to what it is all ibout.
Obviously, the main objective is to grow nore and better cranberries and to get hem marketed, either fresh or .processed, it returns which net the growers a reason- able profit upon their investment, time and ■isk.
The two newest organizations are not imilar in purpose, as we understand. Nor 'et do they actually conflict, as they should ill different needs of the grower. The In- titute is to promote the sales of fresh fruit, md is made up of shippers. The Mutual s a group of growers, meeting at "grower evel", as yet limited to Massachusetts, to mable these producers to keep in closer :ontact with the distributors of their ber- •ies and perhaps to have an indirect in- luence that these are moved to best ad- antage. The Council is over the two maj- r co-ops and such independents as choose o join.
All intend to be working toward better ;oordination and not more confusion and ess efficiency. We all hope it works out n this way — to a better marketing of cran- berries.
FIFTEEN YEARS OF PUBLICATION
WITR this issue CRANBERRIES maga- zine starts its 16th year of publishing L general magazine for cranberry growers Everywhere. At times we may have fallen hort of what we strove for, but we have, bionth by month, done our best. We must lave achieved a measure of success or we vould not have held readers and adver- isers for 15 years in suificient numbers to ustify publication.
Issuing a magazine, even as humble as CRANBERRIES, has not always been easy. ?ut we have enjoyed the work. We have earned a lot about this business of grow- ng cranberries, and hope we have been ible to coordinate sufficient information to lelp to have made you better informed
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
ouuscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE .1. HALL
EDITH S. HALI^— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDEmrS-ADVISORS Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Lone Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wai'eham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barn^'table Countv Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHT,ERT.
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
growers. We have come to know many of you growers personally in all the cranberry areas and to find you fine people. Many of you have more than gone out of your way to be helpful.
We feel special gratitude to those who have been our subscribers since the first issue and to those who have utilized our columns for advertising and to those who have contributed material.
We have been with you through good years and bad, wars, and many changes within the industry, and now through our own "cranberry degression", which we hope is ending.
We have struggled through the past two vears or so with the expectation the cranberry business will soon be back on a sound basis. We, too, have found it tough sledding for this publication with the cur- rent ill fortune of the growers. We hope pnd expect to continue CRANBERRIES. Therefore, as we enter a new publication vear we would certainly welcome, and need increased support from you growers — if vou want to continue to have a Cranberry Magazine.
Nine
IN DEFENSE OF
(Continued from Page 8)
character that it would be unthink- able that any independent agency could even equal it, let alone ex- ceed it.
This approach has been effective. I once believed that it could be no other way myself. This was during a period in my life when I was somewhat more credulous than I am today. Now most of this literature is rather amusing-.
The so-called "independent agency" serves a purpose of real value to the industry, which will be pointed out later in this article. In the meantime let us assess the two points upon which most at- tacks are based. It is usually con- tended that those who do not be- long to the major cooperative move their berries by underselling the major cooperative, and, sec- ondly, that they are able to exist only because they do not set up an advertising budget identical and proportionate to that of the major cooperative. All this could be passed off by stating simply it has been well said that one is not a failure until he starts to blame the other fellow. However, let us meet the issues squarely.
I am not in position to speak for all the independent agencies, for I anr close to the operations of only one. I am thoroughly con- vinced that this agency could pro- duce a I'ecord of average fresh fruit price structure that would equal or exceed anything in the industry. I am also intimately aware that this agency has never knowingly attempted to get busi- ness by underpricing a competi-
tor, ANY conipelilor. Perhaps other independent agencies could make similar statements. It might be well for some of the authors who have spent their cranberry lives shielded from direct mar- ket operations to be less inclusive in some of their statements.
Independent Advertising
As for advertising, this same agency referred to in the pi'evious paragraph has spent thousands of dollars in this direction even though its barrelage is relatively small. This is not important, how- ever. Advertising is only one phase of merchandising. The inr- portant thing for cranberry gi-ow- ers is to merchandise the crop suc- cessfully. There is no unqualified virtue in spending fifty cents per barrel or one dollar per barrel for advertising as such. One might do a better job for his agency and for the entire industry during a luncheon where some chain store buyers have just agreed to put a "push" on cranberries than would be accomplished by hundreds, or even thousands, of dollars ex- pended in some blind blast of ad- vertising. I firmly believe in ad- vertising and contribute money toward advertising, but I do not believe that the dollars spent in this direction are necessarily any measure of the merchandising job being done.
For a long period in cranberry marketing history prices were satisfactorily held with only little more than 60 percent of the na- tional crop in one organization. Now we hear on every hand that 80 percent is not enough. I do
iiol know what these people be- lieve they require. I presume it is 100 percent; but if 80 percent of the world production of a com- m.odity does not allow for effective control, cranberries are certainly unique. Perhaps there is a dif- ference between "having" control and "exercising" control. If all of the growers were to be regi- mented into a single sales method or into one organization, it would be a tragedy for cranberry peo- ple.
I have said that the independent agencies are of value to the in- dustry. Now, I shall briefly enu- merate some of the services per- forni'ed by these organizations.
Value of Independents
First, the idependent agencies act as yardsticks and checks upon the larger operations. They pro- vide a performance by which the larger organization can measure its own. If 100 percent of the growers were in one endeavor, no one would ever have any idea as to whether a good job is being done or a poor job is being done.
Secondly, the existence of inde- pendent agencies allows for exper- imentation in merchandising methods. The last issue of the CRANBERRIES magazine carried a very ably written editorial by Mr. Russell Trufant of Massachu- setts. The author, however, fell into the error of measuring the merchandising job by dollars spent in advertising in a certain way. He would extract from each grower his merchandising funds by force and channel them in a man- ner that would necessarily be pre-
USE
AGRICO: /oi* Csranberries
A QUALITY FERTILIZER FOR A QUALITY CROP
For the name of your nearby Agrico Agent Call or Write
The AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
North Wevmouth. Mass. or Harold L. Eldridge, 64 Gibbs Ave., Wareham, Mass.
Telephone Wevmouth 9-2640 Tel. Whm. 168-W
Tep
deteniiiiied and rigid. Thus, no funds would be left to the individ- ual grower or to the independent agency for experiments in mer- chandising, which experimentation, whether successful or not, is of benefit to the entire industry. All agencies would be fitted with a set of blinders and would be marched together down some particular merchandising avenue, which nray be the wrong street entirely.
Thirdly, no one organization, no matter how sucessful or how well operated, can satisfy all growers. Differences always arise, leading to withdrawals. The independent agencies stand ready to offer these growers a service that keeps them in organized marketing.
Fourthly, just as no one market- ing agency can satisfy all growers, no one marketing agency can sat- isfy all potential customers. Some customers are willing to buy from and do a job for an independent agency where they would not be willing to do the same job for some other marketer. In that way the existence of the independent agencies that we have provides more outlets for cranberries than would be provided by a single ag- ency. This is to the benefit of the entire industry.
Fifthly, the competition of the independent agencies acts as a check to keep marketing costs in any one organization from getting out of bounds.
Sixthly, the competition of inde- pL'iident agencies acts as a stim- ulant and a prod to other market- ing organizations to d.o a better job under the threat of losing cus- tomers or losing members if a better job is not done.
Independents Sincere
This list of benefits could be en- larged, but it is sufficient to show that the independent agencies are somewhat better than the scourge that some would have us believe they are. Always bear in mind that elimination of freedoms with- in an industry brings with it the same hopelessness that loss of free- doms brings to societies. Always remember that those who operate independent agencies and those who sell through independent ag- encies are just as sincere and just
as convinced of the righteousness of their position as anyone else in the industry. And, furthermore, as remote as you might think it may be, and with all due credit to the dogma in which you may have been nurtured, always bear in mind that — maybe they are right.
B. C. BRAZEAU, Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Wisconsin Raplds,Wis.
Cold Storage For Cranberry Growers
by William R. Cole
Local and other research over a period of years has justified the following conclusions:
1. That cranberries keep best if stored direct from the bogs with- out screening or other handling.
2. That the optimum results in keeping are reached if the storage temperatures are held at 35 °F — 36°F.
3. That there is better coloring during storage if berries are held at 45 °P for a relatively short per- iod and then put under 35° F con- ditions.
4. That the optimum' humidity range is 86 to 90 percent.
The above factors would appear to indicate that direct movement of berries from the bog to con- trolled temperature storage would tend to give longer life and better quality of the crop.
It is therefore desirable to con- sider how to get the facilities for such holding and how much would be added to the cost of bringing crop to the time of sale.
There are three ways of provid- ing storage that seem to be avail- able to growers:
1. To remodel, convert, adapt, some present structure to the pur- pose in mind.
2. To build a new structure.
3. Some combination of 1 and 2. Certain basic conditions must be met :
1. Weather-proof construction. This needs little discussion.
2. Freeze Proofing. Involves construction that will prevent in- terior temperatures going below
35 'P'. This means insulation against cold.
Insulation does four things: (a) keeps cold out; (b) keeps heat out; (c) keeps cold in; (d) keeps heat in.
3. Controlled temperatures. This involves mechanical equipment, well designed, well installed, and well managed. It also involves in- sulation.
4. Adequate humidity. This is normally attained and requires no mechanical equipment. It is neces- sary to know the relative humidity which is easy to do with a simple tool.
Specific Example
To make this discussion a spe- cific, objective effort, it is proposed to erect and equip a new storage for 1000 bbls. of fruit. In the fol- lowing discussion no detailed at- tention is given to accessory space; screen, receive, machine, etc.
The space per bbl. is set at 6 cu. feet, to allow for containers, stack- ing, head space, etc.
Space necessary for IM bbls. is therefore 6000 cubic feet. This results in a room: 9' high by 30' long by 22' wide. Except for the 9' height, these dimensions may be any that make the floor area app. 660 square feet.
These are inside figures. The outside size will of course be greater and vary, depending upon construction materials used.
This "example" is to be built of cinder blocks, with wood roof. It is to be insulated:
1. Floor 2" of cork board.
2. Walls 8" of course regran. cork.
3. Ceiling of 10" of course re- gran, cork.
The outside size becomes 33' 4" long by 25' 4" wide. In order to reduce figuring, it is assunred to be 34' by 26' area. The outside height, foundation to eaves, be- comes 10' which is slightly increased to use 15 courses of 8" by 8" by 16" blocks.
Assuming a firm location, the grade is established.
Foundation walls, 8" by 36" poured all four sides. Two piers are put in at app. 10' spacing on center length line; for posts to
Eleven
carry ceiling and room; these piers to be 8" by 8" by 36".
A concrete slab 4" thick is poured over the area within the foundation with its top surface 4" below the top of the foundation.
Fifteen course block walls are erected.
Provision is made for one 3' 6" by 6' 6" door, and two 24" by 30" (or other sized) ports.
Anyone building a storage should have these doors on hand before erecting the walls. It is a lot easier and safer to allow for an opening to fit the door than to fit the door later into an opening that may not be the exact size. Set the door frames when erecting.
It is suggested that the door be near one end of a long side, one port to be near the other end of that side, and the other port to be near one end of the second 30' side. The above suggestion is made with the thought of an 'accessory" room on one 30' side.
Two bolts, projecting 5" are set in the middle of the end 22' walls, one about 24" below top of wall; the other half-way down the wall. These are to be bolt on a 4" by 6" post to support ends of main tim- ber of ceiling.
When erecting the walls, bolts should be set at app. 4' intervals between the second and third courses below top of walls on the two 34' sides. These are for bolt- ing on supports for ceiling joist.
Bolts should be set in the top of the block walls at about 3-block spacing. These are to fasten down the 2" by 8" plate.
Two inch by 8" plate is bolted on.
Roof to be of Vi pitch gable type. This gives 6' by 6" ridge. Rafters, 2" by 6" — 24" oc. using 16' stock supported by purlincs and
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
• INTERNATIONAL Harvester
and CONTINENTAL Red Seal Industrial Engines
• LAWRENCE Propellor Pumps
• DEMING Centrifugal Pumps
Scue 041x11 SeAaict
truesses, spaced app. 4'.
Covered with paper and asphalt roll roofing. Overhang app. 8".
Ends of rafters closed but un- side of projection open to allow for ventilation.
Gable ends boarded in with 24" by 36" louvres for ventilation over insulation.
Lay 2" cork board on asphalt mopped surface of concrete floor.
Mop top of cork with asphalt and pour 2" concrete surface, top of which is at top of foundation.
All the way around, set a 2" by 8" sill into edge of concrete against foundation. This is for support of studding.
Vapor seal wall by; (a) asphalt; (b) Kraft paper; (c) asphalt.
Erect studding: It is suggested that this be alternate 2" by 4" and 2" by 6" for rigidity; 16" ox. Should be bridged half way up.
Erect posts. Two 4" by 6" on piers. One 4" by 6" bolted to each end wall. Put on main timber 4" by 6".
Bolt ceiling joist supports to walls. These are 2" by 6".
Put on ceiling joist 2" by 6" — 24" oc. Cover underside with; (a)
Kraft paper, (b) Prestwood. Panel strip under each joist. Mop top of ceiling cover with asphalt.
Cover inside edge of stud with Kraft paper and Prestwood. Fill as erected with well settled coarse Re. cork. Panel strip joints of cover. Put in coarse re. cork ceil- ing fill, making sure of continuance blanket ceiling to wall fill.
Accessory space at will of oper- ator. Perhaps a floor area of 15' wide, times length of storage should be sufficient for machine space and screening.
This building could be "shed" type, stud and cover. Roof could be a continuance of storage roof.
In considering the adopting of all or part of existing structures, it is only necessary to keep in mind the Four Basic Principles of weather proof, freeze proof, tenT- perature control and humidity.
With a reasonably good struc- ture or part of a structure for a starting point, it is probable that costs can be reduced by from 15 to 30 percent. Any proposed devel- opment, either new or remodelling can best be figured by itself. No set plans can be applied.
Approximate Cost for 1000 Bbl.
Concrete, foundation, 2 floors, piers (26 yds. @ $9)
Blocks, 1400 @ .22
Lumber
4" by 6" — 4 posts, main timber
2" by 8"— plate sill
2" by 6"— Stud (10'), ceil, joist (14')
rafters (16') and supports (IC)
2" by 4" — Stud, truss, and purlines
1" by 6" — trusses
Bridging — panel strips, etc.
Roof boards
$ 234.00 308.00
170 bd. ft.
320 "
1562 "
450 "
96 " 200 1100
4,000 @ .90 Prestwood, 2M @ $125.00 Roofing 11 sq. @ .S6.00 Cork board, 1400 ft. @ .134 Gran, cork, 7000 lbs. @ .063 100 gal. Neat asphalt @ .755 1—3' 6" by 6' 6" door 2 — small port doors @ 60.00
3898
$250.00 66.00 188.00 441.00 76.00 150.00 120.00
360.00 316.00
975.00
Add for hired labor
Refrigeration is difficult to figure, but add
A standard "cost of ownership" factor is 12% of invest moiif
per year for overhead.
in this instance this item is:
Add an estimated power cost of 5k. per bbl, 500 @ 3
791 cent per barrel per year cost to store.
$2193.00 1100.00
$3293.00 2000.00
S5293.00
$634.00 150.00
$794.00
Twelv*
liiJlH:t>ll
COLD STORAGE FOR CRANBERRIES
MATERIALS CONSULTANT SERVICE
HARDING & GROSS, INC.
Refrigeration Engineers and Contractors
Tel. KIrkland 7-2920-2921 Second and Binney Sts., Cambridge, Mass.
William K. Cole, Amherst, Mass.
Tel. Amherst 6
Field Representative
REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT
for
FRUIT STORAGE PLANTS
Ammonia, Freon, & Methyl Chloride Installations
PURAIR
ACTIVATED COCONUT SHELL CARBON AIR PURIFICATION UNITS
MUNDET CORkToRPORATION
57 Regent Street, Cambridge, Mass. Tel. KIrkland 7-4744
William R. Cole, Amherst, Mass.
Tel. Amherst 6
Field Representative
INSULATING MATERIALS
for
FRUIT STORAGE PLANTS
Corkboard, Regranulated Cork, Fibreglass
Refrigerator Doors
Vapor Barrier and Adhesive Materials
lllHIIIIMIIiHIIIlHIIIlHIIIiHIIIiailHIIiPllliPi'iiHIIIlHIIIIHIIIlHIIIIWIIiniinilinilllHIIIIHIIIHIIW
miiiHii
Thirttan
N. E. SALES MEETING
(Continued from Page 5)
he wanted to become acquainted with each member as rapidly as possible. He welcomed all mem- bers to visit the new ACE head- quarters at New Bedford, Massa- chusetts, whenever they wished. The cranberry industry has great capabilities to pull itself out of its difficulties because it is so well organized, and possible of so much more cooperation than many other agricultural industries. He said government aid might be asked for, as have some industries, but
— A Farmer Owned — Farmer Operated Cooperative
THE
National Farm Loan
ASSOCIATION
OF BRIDGEWATER
2 Central Square— Tel. 5377 Bridgewater, Massachusetts
FEDERAL LAND BANK LOANS
4% Interest — Long Term
Friendly service as close as your telephone
he was opposed to that, and thought it would n.ot prove to be necessary.
"We are Going to Do a Good Job"
"We are going to reduce ex- penses", he said,. "One of the best ways to cut expenses is to increase the amount of production — that cuts expense in proportion." He therefore urged a stronger Ex- change with a larger percentage of the total crop. While he could not assure growers of any definite prices for cranberries next fall, as there were factors outside the in- dustry which the industry could not control, yet within the "frame- work of controllable factors we feel certain we can do a good job, and you may be sure we will do our very best."
Mr. Bryant was the final speak- er of several, these including C. M. Chaney, retiring general manager, but who will continue to be inter- ested in the cranberry industry in the capacity of consultant. Mr. Chaney received a considerable ovation as he arose to speak. He said that in predicting a better price last year than did turn out, he did not expect the crop to be as big as it was, nor such strong independent competition. While the latest U. S. Government figure of the '50 harvest is 980,300 bbls., he ventured the revised final figure given next August would be actu-
RYANIA
FOR CONTROL OF THE FRUITWORM
A new Botanical INSECTICIDE
RYANIA IS LOW IN COST •
COMPATIBLE WITH DDT
And Most Fungicides, No Burning of The Vines And Easy For The Operator To Use.
S. B. Penick & Company
50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK 7, N. Y.
JJ
ally over a million barrels and li compared this to the last five-yea average of 813,500. He said oq very depressing price factor lai year had been that some big chaii had sold cranberries, both fres and processed, at cost or less. B estimated that of the producti( last year all distributors had so 576,512 fresh, all processors 338 788, and that about 60,000 barre had been "eliminated." Forty-s: per cent of the fresh crop was so] by independents, he figures, but dij not believe that more than 30,00( barrels had been bought by a "commercial" canners combined, a^ though there was no way of aij riving at an exact figure.
Chaney Not Losing Interest
Concluding, he said he did n< want growers to think he had los interest in cranberries, but woul( be ready to give any assistanci when called upon, and that he real ly felt the "bottom of the depres sion was scraped last year", an( he did not see how there could h another big crop after three bi| ones in succession.
E. C. McGrew, assistant genera manager, told of the changes whic' had taken place in the years of hi service with the Exchange and sai that of course there is alway change. Every year sees a ne\ crop of housewives who have to b educated about how to use fres'; cranberries. "You have only t note the efforts on T-V, the radio in magazines and newspapers o the struggle of each product to ge its share of the consumer's dollar We cannot let them forget cran berries, or we will become a for J gotten industry. "Competition Tougher" — McGrew
He told how the Exchange hat tried a consumer package 15 or 2( years ago, but it had not gone over as the public was not ready for il at that time, and had tried it agair ten years ago and the response was not much better. Today, he said, with the big super markets, the^ situation is entirely changed and there is the hai'dest kind of com- A petition between all products to,, obtain the most favorable display in these stores. It was very im- portant, in his opinion, he said, that as much of the product as pos-, sible in a package be displayed and
m
Fourteen
erefore he had a fondness for the Uo-wrap and did not think the ndow box would supplant the llophane bag.
ransition from Train to Truck Another drastic change is in the 1?thod of distribution of cranber- i.'s. Shipments used to be mainly i carload lots by freight and now 1 my shipments go by truck, per- i ps 50 per cent of the crop. "We ,e now becoming almost like the 1 Ikman with daily deliveries from I tlet to outlet in small quantities. . truck will now often make 6, 7, 1 8 stops with cranberries on a ! lule trip and all this adds to the I lount of work involved and to K' expense."
( He said the industry has had
luirishing years before and can
! vc them again if growers will
t over their animosities and work
)ser together.
Lester Haines of the Chicago 'ice believed there is a rejuve- ted faith in fresh fruit and vege- ble sales within the trade, and at retailers are making more oney on these fresh fruits and getables than on many other !ms they handle. He said these oducts were now being given tter display positions in the re- il stores. The trend is all to the per-market type of store and ere we are in the toughest kind competition to get cranberries equately displayed."
"Success When ACE Controls" StanleyBenson
Stanley Benson of the New York 'ice, in a forceful talk, said he ought there would never be good ices again for cranberries until ere is less competition within the dustry. The best price years ive always been, he said, when CE had 65-70 per cent control the crop, and history showed at. ACE should have greater embership, he added, "and it is j to you members to go out and kout this out and help bring it
)OUt."
George Woods of Boston, con- jlting- engineer who had been re- ined in an ad.visory capacity, liid he wished to give members of e cooperative his genuine con- "atulations upon the progress it ?'ps made toward unity and regain- g strength in the past year. Re-
markable gains had been achieved, he said, and he felt certain that conditions would rapidly be straightened out.
W. Ernest Howes
The Management Committee ap- pointed at the last annual meeting to supervise the operations of the Sales Company gave its report through W. Ernest Howes, chair- man. Mr. Howes said this com- mittee had met about 30 times dur- ing the past year and had given regular reports of its doings. He discussed the need at the time of the committee's appointment for prompt action in regard to the many bog mortgages outstanding and said steps had been taken to prevent any losses which were not necessary, and that a great ma- jority of the mortgages had been found to be in good order, and the results obtained in this mortgage aspect of the company had been "reasonably satisfactory."
He told of the auction sales of some of the company's property last August and of other changes which had been made and praised the eflforts of Miss Sue Pitman as executive vice president and those of John C. Makepeace as treasurer,
who had worked without salary. He asked that the committee be discharged.
Miss Pitman in her report said the N. E. Sales had kept its agree- ment in every way in the alloca- tions of its crop as advised by Cranberry Growers Council. Its fruit had gone 47 per cent fresh, 43 per cent processed, and 10 per cent eliminated.
Number of Directors Reduced One of the most interesting de- velopments of the day was includ- ed in the remarks by President
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkin.s |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON. MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan . |
3-3050 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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165 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
RadcliflF |
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2700 Roberts Ave. |
6-3640 |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
Madison |
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566 S. Flower St. . |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND, ORE. |
Broadway |
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Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0679 1 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
&,-jSA
Cranberry man gets both ends of 60-40 split!
Before installing Triangle ma- chines, this cranberry packager needed 5 operators to turn out 8,000 cellophane bags per day. Now he turns out 12,800 bags with only 3 operators.
Triangle machines raised pro- duction 60% ... cut labor 40%.
Find out how to split your high packaging costs wide open. Write for literature. (Model shown is A-2 Elect-Tri-Pak New Weigher. Volumetric Fillers, Carton Sealers, Conveyors are also available.)
TRIANGLE Package Machinery Co.
6633-5 W. Diversey Ave. Chicago 35, Illinois
Fifteen
Homer L. Gibbs, who announced that the New England directorship in ACE is to be reduced fi'om 7 to 3 and the total number of Ex- change directors from 20 to 12. This had been d.ecided at a meeting of the directors in New York and economy was one of the reasons for the reduction in number of di- rectors.
New England is to have 3, New Jersey 2, Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company 2, Midwest Cran- berry Cooperative 2, National Cranberry Association 2, and the A. D. Makepeace Company 1, Ore- gon none. This makes a director-
5f
Indlvstrml Engines i ttnd Power Units j
"Parts and Service"
WALTER H. MORETON, CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Eli. 4-7891
ship board of both class "A" and, class "B'' members.
Seventy-four ballots were cast in the elections of various officers with results as follows:
Directors, District No. 1 (Dux- bury, Hanson, Kingston, Marsh- tield, Pembroke, Plympton), Fred L. Bailey. Arthur H. Chandler, Paul E. Thompson; District 2 (Ply- mouth), George R. Briggs, Her- bert C. Ellis, Robert C. Hammond, Francis H. Phillips, George E. Short; District .3 (Middleboro), John B. Howes, Wales Andrews, Albert A. Thomas; District 4 (Car- ver), E. W. Burgess, Frank H. Cole, Homer L. Gibbs, Ruel S. Gibbs, Carrol! D. Griffith, Jesse A. Holmes, Russell A. Trufant, Her- bert J. Vaughan, Homer Weston, H. F. Whiting; District 5 (Assonet, Freetown, Lakeville, Marion, Roch- ester, Taunton), George A. Cowen, Herbert E. Dustin, Nahum B. Morse, Arthur D. Benson; District 6 (Wareham), Joseph L. Kelley, Arthur E. Bullock, Chester W. Robbins; District 7 (Barnstable County).. J. Foxcroft Carleton, Louis A. Crowell, W. Ernest Crow- elL Fred S. Jenkins, Walter E. Rowley.
Clerk, Miss Sue A. Pitman, treasurer, John C. Makepeace; Class A directors of ACE, Homer Gibbs, George Briggs, Robert C. Hammond,; Nominations for direc-
NOW IS THE TIME
To Try Some Constructive Thinking And Planning For TKe Coming Season
What to budget for weed conti'ol, insect control, sanding, and other bog "musts". It is an excellent time to review those seldom-checked insurance policies. Are they up-to-date, are they adequate, are they written at the lowest possible cost?
Call on Eben A. Thacher for experienced assistance in making this review.
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Sixtern
tors of Cranberry Growers Council Inc., Homer Gibbs and Arthur E Benson.
Following the meeting the direc tors in executive session named the same officers as previously, thea being: president, Homer L. Gib first vice president, George Briggs; second vice presided George E. Short; executive via president, Miss Sue E. Pitman, as- sistant treasurer, Miss Pitman, treasurer, Miss Kathryn Pratt. Ex ecutive committee is Messrs Gibbs, DeLong, Clarence Searle o! Wisconsin and Russell Makepeaei of Wareham.
It was voted to appropriate i sum for advertising "Eatmoi",' cranberries for the coming season The removal to 5 South Sixth St. New Bedford, Mass., is expected ti be completed prior to June first.
T. A. Budd Is Re-eiected As Ace President
American Cranbeny Exchang held, its annual meeting at heac quarters, 90 West Broadway, Ne York, April 25, and elected o1 ficers for the coming year. Thes are president, Theodore H. Bud( Pemberton, N. J.; first vice-pres dent. Homer L. Gibbs, West Wan ham, Mass.; second vice-presid,en Harold DeLong, Warrens, Wiscoi sin; third vice-president, George 1 Briggs, Plymouth, Mass.; execi five vice-president, Harold E. Brj iint; secretary, E. C. McGrev treasurer, E. K. Pratt.
Directors — Class A: Theodore I Budd, George Briggs, Harold I DeLong, Homer L. Gibbs, Robei C. Hammond, James D. Holmai Lakewood, N. J., Charles L. Lewii Shell Lake, Wisconsin, Russe Makepeace, Waieham, Mass., Da Rezin. Warrens, Wisconsin, Clal ence Searles. Class B: Enoc Bills, Bordentown, N. J., Kennet Garside, Duxbury, Mass.
Directors NCA from Exchange- George Briggs, Mass., Vinto Thompson, N. J.. Lloyd Rezin, Wif consin.
BE A SUBSCRIBER TO
CRANBERRIES
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association Holds Spring Meeting
A display of equipment developed by cranberry growers of Massachu- setts with view to saving time and money, was a special feature of the annual spring meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, at the Memorial Town Hall, Wareham, April 24th.
The display was the first of its type and it drew considerable in- terest among- the growers. Among the items shown were a number of vine .setters and a variety of appli- cators for 2-4-D weed killer.
The entire morning- was given over to the inspection of displays. There were a number of commer- cial exhibits. A feature of the morning's program was a demon- stration of a new hydraulic sanding technique with which the Agricul- tural Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts is experimenting. This technique is still in the preliminary develop- ment stage, however.
Melville C. Beaton, president of the Association, presided at the short business session. The re- poi'ts of officers were presented,, and J. Richard Beattie reported on the frost warning service operated by the association. He said that despite conditions in the industry, the number of subscribers was much the same as last year.
Dr. H. J. Franklin of the State Cranberry Experiment Station pre- sided for the speakers' portion of the program. He introduced Dale Sieling, new dean and director of the School of Agriculture and Hor- ticulture of the University of Mas- sachusetts, who recently replaced Fred J. Seavers.
Mr. Beattie introduced H. Sidney Vaughan, former director of the Worcester County Extension Ser- vice, who is the new county agent leader, replacing James W. Day- ton, newly appointed as Massachu- sets Extension Service director. Speakers Di'. Franklin then introduced Dr. H. F. Bergman, who gave the latest information on control of cranberry fi iiit viits.
Dr. Frederick B. Chandler of the experimental station at East Ware- ham discussed cranberry soils and water relationships.
Dr. C. E. Cross spoke on the lat- est information on weed control and. said his new weed bulletin was in the hands of the experiment sta- tion editor.
A resume of the work of the De- partment of Agricultural Engin- eering of University of Massachu- setts was given by Prof. H. N. Stapleton, head of that depart- ment. He said there was a great need of agricultural engineers to- day. Prof. Earl Cox of the same department spoke on agricultural engineering as it pertained to cran- berry growing.
A review of research work in the processing and storage of cranberries with view to improving quality was given by Dr. W. B. Esselen, of the Department of Food Technology at Amherst.
The closing speaker was Dr. Franklin, who announced that a new weed bulletin would be avail- able for distribution in about a month. He also discussed the new chemical, "Ryania", recommended for control of fruit grub.
During the afternoon session
Melville C. Beaton introduced Har- old E. Bryant, recently appointed general manager of the American Cranberry Exchange.
Luncheon at noon was served by the members of the Mom and Dad Club of the East Wai-eham Meth- odist church.
Exhibits
Exhibitors of commercial equip- ment at the meeting were: Boston Lightning Rod Co., Frost Insecti-
Robert W. Savary
:HRYLER - PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessoriei-
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
If you wasit to be a
Just ®oii^s atong . . .
»^
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.
Seventeen
cide Co., C. and L. Equipment Co., Plymouth County Electric Co., Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Western Pickers Inc., American Agriculture Chemical Co., Paul L. Karstrom Co., Russell Trufant, Monsanto Chemical Co., Niagara Chemical Division, S. B. Penick Co., Walter Morton Corp., J. M. Hack- ett, and Stone and Forsyth.
The display of labor-saving and money-saving equipment made by grovifers included the following items: vine setter for small areas, Oscar Marsh; vine setter for small area, George Rounseville; net used in trash removal, State Bog; tool for applying 2-4-D, State Bog; vine setter for small areas, A. D. Make- peace Co., knapsack sprayer with shut-ofF at nozzle, A. D. Makepeace Co.; sling for removing breaks in thermometers, J. J. Beaton Co.; vine setter, J. J. Beaton Co.; tool for applying 2-4-D, Chester Ever- son; equipment for putting- in spil- ing, A. D. Makepeace Co.; vine set- ter for small areas, A. D. Make- peace Co.
GROWERS' MUTUAL
(Cuntinued from T*age 3)
should not be incorporated for the present and that the officers and directors should proceed to hold regional meetings to explain pur- poses of the organization to other Massachusetts growers to obtain larger membership. There are about 1,200 growers in Massachu- setts and it has been estimated that at least half of this number would be needed to make the asso- ciation really effective.
Select Name
The name was adopted only after considerable debate. A name in- cluding the word "United" was urged by Judge J. Arthur Baker of Bourne, and that "Cape Cod" or "Massachusetts" not be included, as it might and probably would be desirable to extend the group to other growing areas if it proves to be successful. Russell Make- peace said the objects of the pro- posed group could be accomplished through the present Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association with a change in by-laws and he feared a new and strong group might prove to be a death blow to the old Cape association, which has confined its activities mainly to cultural and legislative matters, chiefly the former.
Other speakers included Melville C. Beaton, who discussed selling F. 0. B. and on consignment; Alfred Pappi, who spoke for immediate organization of the growers at this time, and Mr. Shaw, Mr. Morse and Mr. Robbins. Harold E. Bry- ant, new general manager of American Cranberry Exchange, promised the cooperation of him- self and staff in providing- the group with whatever information was possible regarding selling, whenever requested. Charles Sav- ery suggested the first regional meeting be held at Cotuit on the Cape and this will be some time in June. He said he did not believe the group could have much effect upon marketing this year nor even next and "ossibly not for four or five years, and that it had a long, uphill fight before it, but that a start should be made, however small. The majority seemed in agreement that some sort of a new all-inclusive group at "grow- er level" was needed and a start must be made.
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
Boost your harvest
with PENNSALT Insecticides
When you buy Pennsalt Insecticides, you know you're getting a reliable product, ijacked by the finest manufacturing knowledge and the benefits of wide research. This means higher quality at lower cost to you. And remember, our technical representative is always at your .service.
Get Pennsalt Insecticides now! Ry spraying your bogs and rontroljing cranberry pests, you'll boost your yield nt h.iiATsi lime!
Fnr infnrmnlinn on pricm and delivery, see ynur local mixer or write to:
Agricultural Chemicals Dept.
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company
Philadelphia 7, Pa.
KRYOCIDE,,,, Nafurai CRYOLITE
A favorite for many years with cranberry growers. Controls the cranberry weevil, gypsy moth caterpillar, cranberry blossom worm, false army worm, and fruit worms.
PENNSALT WB-50,
Wettable Base 50% DDT
Micron-sized for better suspen- sion and deposit. Contains su- perior spreaders and stickers for reducing loss from run-off. Controls most cranberry insects.
U 1 i I > ^^*'"'-* ^ * agricultural chemicals
PROGRESSIVE CHEMISTRY FOR OVER A CENTURY
Eifhteen
<»»« J«i- 3~ y -
Illutration above shows how growers add to sauce sales when they move Ocean Spray into meat departments alongside of chicken. This display is in a Kro«er store in Detroit, Michigan, that sold 9 cases of sauce in the same time it normally requires for 2'/2 cases.
What Do You Serve With Cranberry Sauce?...
by Betty Buchan
Cranberries go well with almost all foods from fish to ice cream, but neither fish nor ice cream help to sell many cranberries. Turkey is quite another story and, since the beginning of the industry's commercial history, has sold more cranberries than any other food. It's still selling them, but creep- ing up fast and with a potential speed that may well put it in the lead is chicken . . . roast chicken, friend chicken, fricasseed chicken, chicken in salads, soups or pies.
Until a few years ago, turkey and the tradition of turkey and cranberries at Thanksgiving sold most of the nation's cranberries until a series of bumper crops pro- vided enough of the fruit to supply a year 'round market. But cran- berries didn't have an active year 'round market. The high sales in fall and winter usually dwindled to an off-season lag in the spring and sumnver.
In 1948, NCA initiated the Chicken and Cranberry campaign to help remedy the situation. Through a coopei-ative merchan- dising program providing adver-
tising funds for grocers featuring Ocean Spray with chicken in news- papers and store displays, NCA gained the interest of thousands of customers in the campaign. Colorful display posters, recipes and advertising aids were made available to the stores, while Ocean Spray sales representatives and brokers' retail men explained the program, pointed out its sales- raising opportunities and helped set up chicken and Ocean Spray features.
Almost immediately. Ocean Spi-ay sales from January 1 through August 31 began to climb. From 637,213 cases in 1948, to 797,697 in 1949, to 1,440,224 in 1950. Chicken sales rose, too, and this increased business brought more enthusiastic cooperation from grocers.
Importance of Spring And Summer Sales
The 1951 campaign has added a new feature to the campaign. The growing importance of spring and summer sales warrants the use of a year 'round pi-omotion program. During the current season, Ocean Spray will be nationally advertised
in magazine and newspaper sup- plement around specific holidays. The first was Valentine's Day. The second was Easter. Other promotions will carry over to the Harvest and complete the 12- months plan. 1951 sales, January through April, showed an increase over the first four months of last year, and the goal for 1951 is to show a substantial sales increase over the 4,898,693 cases of Ocean Spray ^old in the calendar year of 1951.
Chicken had no food accompani- ment that was generally accepted before the campaign and so cran- berries nret little competition in establishing their affinity.
Even more important to the success of the campaign has been the quantitty of chicken available all year round. In fact, if a can of cranberry sauce were sold with every fourth chicken, the year's cranberry crop would be complete- ly depleted.
The turkey and cranberry tradi- tion wasn't built in a day, but over a period of generations. Chicken and cranberry sauce will not need so long, and National Cranberry Association's present plans are a ten-year program. According to newspaper surveys, now being conducted, chicken and cranberry sauce is already becoming a na- tional habit. Increased sales dur- ing the spring and summer are convincing proof of the campaign's success, but National Cranberry
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
CONTROL
Cranberry Root Grubs White Grubs • Chokeberry
Poison Ivy Wild Bean
use
S 0 LV AY m
PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE
The fAassachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station Charts recommend Para-dichlorobenzene for treating Root Grubs, White Grubs, Chokeberry, Poisoivivy and Wild Bean. For best results, bogs should be treated in April or early May. Write for details.
SpLVAY PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE
FOR Treating cranberry bogs
is distributed by
THE CRANBERRY TRADING POST
• Plymouth, Mass.
• Onset, Mass.
• North Harwich, Mass.
• Bordentown, New Jersey
SOLVAY SALES DIVISION ;^ MiLrsTRm^BosiSN s? mass
wanted to hear from the consumer, herself, just how the campaign has influenced her.
Questions Asked
With what meats do you serve cranberry sauce . . . how frequent- ly do you serve it . . . and what brand do you use . . . are some of the general questions leading newspapers throughout the coun- try have been asking their read- ers. To date, results have been re- turned from the Philadelphia Bul- letin, Philadelphia, Penn., the Com- merical Appeal, Memphis, Tenn., and the Toledo Blade and Times, Toledo, Ohio. In Toledo, 91 percent of those answering the survey said they serve cranberries with chicken. In this same territory, cranberries are used frequently with pork, and turkey is in third place as an ac- companiment for cranberries. Forty percent serve cranberries once a month or oftener, and 64 jiercent buy Ocean Spray.
Eighty-nine percent of the read- ers surveyed by the Commercial Appeal serve cranberries with chicken. 60 percent serve cran- berries with turkey. Pork, again, is among the favored meats with 36 percent serving cranberries with pork. Many serve cranberries with all three, as the percentages indi- cate, but chicken is the favorite. 44 percent stated they serve cran- berries once a month or oftener and 61 percent buy Ocean Spray brand.
Of the consumers surveyed by the Philadelphia Bulletin, over 89 percent said they serve cranberries with poultry. Pork again came next with a vote of 40 percent. 76 percent said they serve cran- berries once a month or more, and over 51 percent said that Ocean Spray is the brand they buy.
Magazine Survey
A similar survey made by the Woman's ■ Home Companion, a woman's magazine with national coverage, asked more specific questions. Unlike the newspaper surveys which asked "With what meats do you serve cranberry sauce," the Companion listed turkey and a variety of chicken dishes. 92 percent checked turkey and 90 poiccnt roast chicken. HR percent
I wenly
eat cranberries with fried chicken, 14 percent with chicken salad, 11 percent with chicken pie, and 20 percent with other forms of chicken. This shows that roast chicken, like turkey, is the dish that most commonly suggests cranberries to the consumer. Other chicken dishes, especially fried chicken, are having cran- oerries as an accompaniment more ind more frequently. In the Com- panion survey, 52 percent said they serve cranberry sauce once i month or oftener and an addi- ional 16 percent serve cranberry sauce at least 6 times a year.
A more detailed study of the areas, but the general trend is
chicken and cranberry habit can already indicated from those that
be made as reports of the surveys have been completed. Cranberries
come in from the various market are clickin' with chicken.
MATHEWS
CONVEYER
and TRACK
Frost Insecticide Co.
ARLINGTON, 74
Box 36
MASS.
Your Country Needs Efficiency Today
ELECTRICITY
Adds to Efficiency in Your Home Life, In Your Cranberry Business.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
Tel. 200
PLYMOUTH
Tel. 1300
Eatmor Cranberries
"Wherever the business of fruit growing has been developed in a way to make it more than a gamble, the work has been accomplished by organizations which have sufficient patronage to regulate distri- bution."
Added membership in the New England Cranberry Sales Company will aid materially in strengthening this "cranberry growers' cooper- ative" and in regulating the distribution of the cranberry crop.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
9 Station Street
Middleboro, Mass.
TELEPHONE 200
Here's What Our Customers Say About OCEAN SPRAY-
From Ossining, N. Y.:
"I've used your product for years, and find no equal to it." From Cle Elum, Washington :
"Ocean Spray is handled exclusively by our grocer and we don't mind a bit. We like it very much."
From Detroit, Michigan :
"It is the best cranberry sauce I have ever eaten. I use it all the time and serve it with all kinds of meats and salads."
From San Antonio, Texas:
"I think your cranberry sauce is delightful. We use it the year 'round."
From Elmwood Park, 111.:
"May I add my praises to the numerous ones you must have received for a truly wonderful product. We are never without several cans on our shelves."
From Belle Plaine, Kansas:
"I wish to thank you for your product. It is one of the very few items I buy that I know can be served without any extra attention. Hav- ing been a working girl and now a housewife, I feel that I am qualified to praise your jellied cranberry sauce not only for its flavor and econom- ical qualities, but also for its convenience."
CUSTOMER APPROVAL LIKE THIS IS BUILDING A LARGER YEAR-ROUND MARKET FOR OCEAN SPRAY PRODUCTS.
SINCE 1940
Fall Sales (Sept. — Dec.) have increased 240%
Spring and Summer Sales (Jan. — Aug.) have increased 573%
JOIN THE COOPERATIVE WITH A GROWING FUTURE
JOIN
Nauo.nal Cranberry AssociatioiN
Hanson, Massachusetts Onset, Massachusetts St. Johns Canada
The Growers' Cooperative
Branches at:
North Harwich, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey North Chicago, Illinois
Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington Long Beach, Washington
9281X00 s^B^s '■^%s -dxa 'x3^
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
Morris April Bros.
Bridgeton - Tuckahoe New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
Cape & Vineyard Electric Company
Offices :
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vineyard Haven
Hall & Cole
Established 184S Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.
Wareham Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
appi.es and cranberries specialties
Car Lot Receivers
BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
E-xpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emergency
Portable and All Applications
Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced
Alan Painten Co.
Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS.
VOLTA OIL CO.
ni.stributor of the Famous
TEXACO
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
For your Bog
Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R
Plymouth, Mass. Hedge Road, North Plymouth
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located (or Cranberry men
Fiinrls always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Dr. H. J. Franklin's final keeping quality forecast will be released by the middle of June. Growers are urged to be looking for this fore- cast which will be mailed out by county agricultural agents. Con- ditions to date (May 28) indicate that if the present temperatures continue until the middle of June and we experience normal rainfall for this period growers should be prepared to control fruit rots on certain of their early water bogs this year.
Insect Bulletin Completed
Dr. H. J. Franklin's new Insect Bulletin No. 445, Parts II-VII, is being distributed to cranberry growers. It is available through your agricultural agent's office, the Mailing Room at the Univei-sity of Massachusetts in Amherst, and the Cranberry Experiment Station. Every grower should have a copy. This supplement completes Dr. Franklin's insect bulletin. It is beautifully illustrated and follows the pattern presented in Part I, which was released two years ago. We suggest that growers might like to have the two insect bulletins bound together. There are several bookbinding establishments in the area. Incidentally, it might be well to have the three cranberry weather bulletins bound together at the same time. These weather bulletins include Nos. 402, 43.3, and 4. "in.
Timely Tips From Dr. Cross
We have some timely notes from Dr. C. E. Cross on weed control. He reconrmends that the whirl disc that fans out the spray in a knapsack sprayer nozzle should be removed when applying Stoddard Solvent as a spot treatment under the vines. The removal of this disc results in a single stream of Stod- dard that can bo directed at the
base or crown of the weed without injury to the new vine growth. If Stoddard is applied carefully fol- lowing these directions, this treat- ment can be used effectively dur- ing the summer months for the control of small brambles, loose- strife, and asters.
Growers have found 2, 4-D a very useful weed killer, particu- larly in the control of 3-square grass. The recommendation this year states that a 20 percent dilu- tion of 2, 4-D is adequate to check this weed. For example, if a grow- er purchases a gallon of 2, 4-D containing 40 percent active ingre- dients, he should add 1 gallon of water to make a 20 percent dilu- tion. Growers have found that the "rack" technique is an effective method of applying this chemical to 3-square grass. We refer to the method of tacking a wide band of cloth to a light frame of wood, moistening the cloth with 20 per- cent dilution of 2, 4-D and sweep- ing it over the vines but touching the tops of 3-square grass. Be sure to choose a warm' day, and don't allow the chemical to drip onto the vines. Several applica- tions are necessary to check this particular weed.
Dr. Cross has found that iron sulphate is very effective in con- trolling large cinnamon and royal ferns, if applied as follows: Place a small amount of this chemical at" the base of these ferns. One handful should treat three or four ferns. Asters and pitchforks are plentiful, and iron sulphate applied dry as recommended in the weed chart — is very effective. Harvest Labor A special cranberry labor com- mittee has been appointed to con- sider the harvest problem. This committee has met and has come to the following conclusions.
1. The labor situation is crit- ical, and the local supply of help will not be adequate to meet our harvest needs.
2. Imported labor will probably be required this fall.
3. The only imported labor available will be Puerto Ricans.
Such help can be used for any work related to the cranberry in- dustry.
4. Steps should be taken now by growers to determine their har- vest labor requirements, particu- larly the numjber that will have to be imported.
The following program was adopted by this committee which includes a representative from each of our cranberry marketing agen- cies, county agricultural agents, the Mass. Division of Employment Security, and the Cranberry Spe- cialist.
1. The county agricultural agents will contact all cranberry growers, outlining the problem and how it will be managed.
2. The marketing agencies have been asked to determine the labor needs for their particular growers.
3. Growers should inform their respective marketing agencies of their harvest labor requirements by July 1 at the very latest. Those growers who have no established marketing agency should inform the local office of the Mass. Divi- sion of Employment Security of their requirem'ents. These offices are located in Brockton, Hyannis and New Bedford.
4. The Employment Security office is prepared to import Puerto Ricans if local supplies of labor are not adequate.
5. Housing will be furnished by the grower, and the requirements are very reasonable. There is also a possibility of a centralized labor camp if conditions warrant one.
6. Imported help will be paid the prevailing wage. The cran- berry labor committee will assist in determining the prevailing wage after considering all factors in- volved.
Cape Cranberry Clinics The Barnstable County cran- berry clinics will be held again this year during June and July. Bert Tomlinson, County Agent, has completed arrangements. Men
from the Cranberry Experiment Station will be present to assist growers with their cranberry bog problems. This year, there will be additional clinics. The schedule is as follows:
Upper Cape clinics, New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company screen house. West Barnstable — 9:00 a. m., to 10:30 a. nr. Bog visits from 10:30 a. m., until 12:00 noon by request.
Schedule of dates:
Monday, June 4; Wednesday, June 13; Wednesday, June 20; Wednesday, June 27; Thursday, July 5; Wednesday, July 11; Wed- nesday, July 18.
Lower Cape cranberry clinics, National Cranberry Association screenhouse. North Harwich — same dates as above, but clinics will be held in the afternoon from 1:30 to 3:00, and bog visits will be made by request from 3:00 to 4:30 p. m.
County Agent Lew Norwood, Plymouth County, is arranging some clinics for the northern half of his county. The schedule will be announced later.
BANDON 1951 HARVEST FESTIVAL PLANS BEGUN
William F. Steward has been re- elected president of the Bandon (Oregon) Cranberry Festival As- sociation for the 1951 fall harvest observation. Ivan Cook is vice president, succeeding Mrs. Paul IJetert. Mrs. Archie Allen is re- elected secretary and Mrs. Ivan Cook treasurer to succeed Mrs. Jim Olsen.
To make an even more impress- ive celebration the association de- cided it should start preparation earlier than usual this year. Mrs. Paul Colgrove has been named chairman of the parade committee; Mrs. C. G. Girard queen contest- ant supervisor and L. L. Fel- sheim, editor, Bandon World, publicity.
Patronize
Our Advertisers
CRANBERRIES
The National Cranberry Magazine
WESTERN PICKERS, INC.
1172 HEMLOCK AVE. COOS BAY, OREGON
One of the great objectives of growing Cranberries is to make a profit. This is done by keeping the costs below the amount of money taken in.
We have no great amount of control, individually, about how much we are going to receive for our berries, but we certainly can decide if we will spend any given amount of money to produce berries. Even this decision is hard to make as it involves spending money before you get any returns.
It is like driving an old car. We spend more money every month for extra gas and upkeep than it would cost to borrow money for a new one, hut a lot of us still drive the old wagon because we hate to put out a lot of money at this time. And so it goes untl the old bus falls apart and we must get another one or walk. This generally hap- pens when the mortgage becomes due.
The answer, of course, to all this continuous money worry about picking cranberries is in mechanization of picking. You can then do all vour own work at your own time. The only reason that all Cranberry Growers do not have a Western Picker is that it costs money to buy one, and he will try to get along without one for another year, or until he gets his feet under himself. All of a sudden he discovers that wages have gone skyrocketing, that he must pay Social Security charges, and he has not bothered yet to find scoopers for his crop and now cannot find enough. Then the mortgage is about due.
While the Western Picker is not perfect yet, over 80 percent of the Western Pickers used in Washington, Oregon, Wisconsin and Massachu- setts harvested over 10 acres of cranberries per machine. Thus it took less than 2 years picking to pay for the machine.
Tests reported by D. J. Crowley, Supt. of the Washington State Bog as reported in the Astoria, (Ore.) Budget February 2, 1951, stated that: "little diff'erence in keeping quality of berries which were hand- picked, dry scooped or harvested dry with the Western Picker. The breakdown was rapid in berries that had submerged for several hours. A noticeable difference was found in the keeping qualities of cranberries which were cleaned by different mills".
Since the Western Picker is not infallible, you have to use some discretion in it's use. It is not wise to begin picking too early. It is not good to pick at too great a speed. The position of the middle con- veyor i-oller should be watched. If it is not properly adjusted it causes plugging and plugging bruises berries. (A lot of bruising is caused by the haphazard m'ethod of vine separating on shore.)
With any normal amount of checking of the berries while picking is done, the results of picking with the Western Picker are highly satis- factory. Ask the Grower who owns and runs one. Over 90 percent of these would not sell their Western Picker at any price if they thought they could not replace it.
Until your vines have been trained once for mechanical picking, you are working under a partial handicap. This would also happen if you tried to handscoop in any other direction than the way your vines had been trained.
But picking with the Western Picker the second year and after- wards makes a very noticeable difference in the lesser number of bruised berries, in the lesser amount of vines pulled, in the lesser amount of loss by shrinkage, and in the greater number of berries produced on an average bog.
In piactieally every case the owner of a Western Picker is enthu- siastic about his cost of picking, the ease of picking, the lack of cash money spent for picking, and the good job of pruning and raking that the Western Picker did on his bog.
Eventually you'll own a Western Pickei' — why not now before war production cuts off the supply? (AnVT)
o t^'"'"*"°"'''''^<'^^v^
ISSUE OF JUNE. t951-VOL. 16, NO. 2
Publiahed monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $S.OO per year. Bntarcd as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March S, 187§
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Rainfall Average For May
May started out as a very dry month. In fact gardens, lawns and cranberry bogs were beginning to feel the effects of the lack of pre- cipitation. Up to the night of the 23rd there had been only 1.45 inches. Then came a heavy storm with high winds and gusty rain. There had been some worry up to that time because of an unusually- early hurricane which had been creeping up the coast for several days. However, this was not the hurricane or its fringe, as that had passed out to sea, but an en- tirely new storm.
There followed disagreeable weather with frequent rains until the recording at the State Bog, East Wareham on May 31 was 3.17 inches, or about a normal average for the month of May.
Frost Damage Sight
There had been some frost losses here and there in April and early May, but the injury was so slight that Dr. Franklin did not think it worth while to put the degree in any percentage.
Temperature Above Normal
Sunshine was probably some- what above average and the tem- perature was also above average, about tow degrees a day. The de- parture from normal in degree days at Boston Weather Bureau was plus 60. The departure from normal since January first was plus 689 at the end of May. Bog Conditions "Good"
Condition of bogs was considered generally "good," even "very good." Some bogs, however, did not look so well, the first part of rain at that time had not done any
Four
the month, at least. The lack of good, and particularly as the lat- ter part of April had been dry. Some felt the crop may be spotty. Perhaps better on bogs which normally do well without too much attention, as Massachusetts, like bogs everywhere have not in gen- eral had the best of care for the past two or three years because of the obvious reason of lack of fi- nances.
Some Fireworms Blackhead flreworm was show- ing up toward the end of the raonth. Other insect were blossom worm, weevels and false army worms and of course there is some false blossom difficulty, not lessening any due to the same lack of money for adequate bog atten- tion. However, in generally the spring insect situation does not
look bad.
Harvest Labor
The harvest labor situation is being given intensive consideration at this time (see Beattie's "Sta- tion and Field Notes) and Puerto Rican agriculture labor will be im- ported for cranberry work. Personal
"Del" Hammond, of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company and Leo Sorenson of Midwest Cranberry Coopei'ative were visitors of the Massachusetts cranberry area for a couple of days during the middle of the month. Cape Cod is, of course, "home territory" for Ham- mond, but it was Sorenson's first visit to the bogs of Massachusetts. They visited a number of pieces of property. State Bog, N. E. Cranberry Sales Company office J and NCA at Hanson.
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
•
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymouth, Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
WISCONSIN
Growth Progressing Nicely
At the end of May the growth of the marshes was progressing very nicely. Tenrperatures were above normal, although precipitation was below.
Extensive Frost Damage
But the had news of the month was frost. There were 17 warn- ings during May. A severe freeze occurred on the night of May 9 and the morning of the 10th in the Northern area marshes, extending from Three Lakes to Hayward. Temperatures ranged fom 11 to 19 degrees. Estimates of losses for the growers hit ran from 20 to 75 percent and it is considered safe to say that the damage incurred will affect the state total next fall.
Another frost occurred on the night of May 22 in the central part of the state. Temperatures ran about 22-23. Several marshes suf- fered quite severe damage. This loss in general was also rather serious.
Fireworm
Fireworms were hatching at the end of the month and control measures were in general use. Ending of the month saw generally warm weather.
NEW JERSEY
"Business" Picking Up
A definite upswing in courage is being reported in New Jersey as in other areas, and this is re- flected in some increase in the am'ount of bog activity. There is some new planting. Theodore H. Budd, Jr., is putting in new vines, Isaiah Haines is carrying out an
LABOR SHORTAGE? HIGH COSTS?
Not when spraying and dusting- are done with our airplanes and helicopters.
•
AIRBORNE SPRAYERS
Bedford Airport
Lexington, Mass.
Lex. 9-2400
extensive sanding program for the J. J. White Company. Orders for insecticides and fertilizers have picked up.
Improved Acreage
Some are active in replanting. These include Ethelbert Haines and Brothers, John Cutts, Lippincott and Worth, Penn Producing Co., Austin Bozarth. A 70 acre tract of Anthony DeMarco at Chats- worth, which was set entirely by machine planter is developing nicely. Anthony Colasurdo has been fertilizing his bogs by air- plane.
Temperature Below Normal
The average temperature for May at Pemberton was 61.68 de- grees. In state of the fact that the maximum on 12 days was 80 above, this average is still below normal. Total rainfall was 4.48 inches or 1.32 above the mean.
Five Frosts
There were five nights of frost. May 4th, 24-29; 6th, 27-34; 7th, 29-34; 12th, 28-34; 13th, 22-29.
Personals
John Cutts, Isaac Harrison, Theodore H. Budd, Sr., and James Hohnan were at Hanson, Massa- chusetts on May 28th discussing the new contract between NCA and Cranberry Growers' Council.
Mrs. George Kelley of West Creek is recovering from an oper-
ation in a Lakewood hospital.
John Ellis of Whitesbog' will take take over the management of the North Branch bogs, the prop- erty of his sister, the former Mrs. Joseph Darlington.
Charles Conrad, Sr.
Charles Conrad, Sr., of Barne- gat, N. J., died on May 26 at the age of 81. Mr. Conrad's family came to Barnegat in 1874. He and his brother had been growing cranberries near Barnegat since 1910.
RETIRING C. M. CHANEY PRESENTED GIFT
Upon his retirement as executive vice-president of American Cran- berry Exchange, C. M. Chaney was feted at a luncheon by employ- ees of the company. He was pre- sented with the gift of a portable typewriter. The presentation was made by E. C. McGrew.
Those attending included: Les- ter F. Haines, Chicago office; Kathryn F. Pratt, Elizabeth C. McNally, Nan Neville, Mary M. Eager, William F. Kernochan, Stephen J. Ladas and Stanley Ben- son, all of New York office. Not present but participating in the gift were Edna E. McKillop and Roger V. Weston of Chicago, Nora Adams, Edward C. McGeorges and Harold E. Bryant, successor to Mr. Chaney.
IRRIGATION
+ FLEX-0-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS + GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS + SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FIHINGS
Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Co^, Mass.,
Tel. Osterville 719
FfY?
''Charlie" Dempze, One of The Most Cooperative Minded Wisconsin Growers
Came into Cranberries in 1903 to Pick on Gaynor Marsh, Now Manages Property and Has Other Interests — A Member of Sales Company Since 1926.
matured, plus 14 newly-set. The vines are chiefly natives, about 70, the rest being McFarlins, Searles, Prolifics and five of Howes, the latter eastern variety producing a smaller berry and not being as productive as the Searles or Mc- Farlins.
Top Yield at Gaynor 7,242 Barrels in 194fi Like Carver, what is now the townsship of Cranmoor contained
iSXi
by Clarence J. Hall
One of the pillars of cooperation in Wisconsin is Charles W. Dempze of the Gaynor Cranberry Company. He became a member of the Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company in 1926, when he took over the man- agement of the Gaynor, one of the largest and long most successful of marshes in the state.
And well might Mr. Dempze, with his heritage of cranberry inter- est believe firmly in the value of cooperative effort, for it was the late Judge John A. Gaynor who is generally credited with being the father of the co-operative movement in the industry in conjunction with the late A. U. Chaney, and his brother, Chester M. Chaney of American Cranberry Exchange.
It was Judge Gaynor who, with his brother, James, persuaded "A. U." to go east and induce eastern growers to sign up in a program which eventually led to the organi- zation of the state sales company and the Exchange. Ho too made a trip to the East himself to make certain this idea was carried through. He also took a leading part in the early scientific develop- ment of the industry. This infor- mation is nothing new to cran- berry growers, of course, as the memory of Judge Gaynor is still fresh, especially in Wisconsin, but it does no harm now and then to refresh the recollections of some of the pivotal moments in the cran- berry industry. Particularly at this tinre of stress and strain. Marsh One of Oldest
The Gaynor marsh is one of the oldest in the state, having been in continuous operation since 1878. It is a stock company, organized by the late James.
The Gaynor marsh is in Cran- moor, which is Wisconsin's Car- ver, in concentration of cranberry growing and production. It is flooded by the "Cranberry Ditch," put in about ten years ago, being one of the principal factors in put- ting Cranmoor up to the produc- tion it has now obtained, and also from Hemlock ancjl Elm creeks. There is a reservoir of 1400 acres.
Total acreage of the property is about 2,000 and the map shows there are 97 3/10 acres in vines
much natural and prolific cran- berry ground. There were "is- lands" of pine trees and the floating marsh. When the pioneers opened this wilderness up, such as Ralph Smith, S. N. Whittlesey and the others, they often came into the area in boats from the settle- ment at the present Wisconsin Rapids. So unstable was the marsh land in many parts that boats were poled through and over the quak- ing land and through channels for a distance of about four miles towards the Rapids. In this way supplies were brought in. Some of the floating islands and the channels remain today.
Dempze Came In With Week's Bread Supply
Dempze came to the area as a small boy, in 1903 with his mother. He recalled how he and she came out with just enough bread to last them a week. They picked berries for the Gaynors for a week, got paid, then went into town for another week's supply. They came back to the Gaynors for several seasons.
He has continued his story of how he waded around watching Mr. Gaynor, while the latter oper- ated flood gates. Mr. Gaynor gave
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
Six
11(1 iiulice of hiiu until suddenly one day he said, "Hey, you, you've been following me around for two years, watching how I do this. Now you do it yourself."
So the young Dempze began working for the Gaynors, picking, pruning and doing other odd jobs, finally working steadily. He re- calls, however, he worked for less than some of the other wrarsh employees were paid. But, he thought he would get farther ahead if he stuck with one com- pany. He has been working at the Gaynors ever since, and the success he has achieved in the in- dustry proves he was right in his early theory of sticking to one out- fit.
Became Manager in 1926
In 1926, at the death ofMrs. Gaynor, the Judge having died in 1915, he was made manager. It was then he himself became a member of Wisconsin Sales, Mr. Gaynor having been a charter member. He is still manager and also vice-president. President is Richard Lawless of the First Nat- ional Bank of Wisconsin Rapids.
Although staying with the Gay- nor deal, Mr. Dempze has other irons in the Wisconsin cranberry fire.
He is owner and manager of one of the more productive marshes in the State — the Dempze Marsh, which is just north of Biron village. There the property con- sists of a total of 54 acres, with 80 in vines. This was purchased in 1932.
He is part owner and president (if the Elm Lake Cranberry Com- pany and vice-president of the J.
Mr. Dempze and son, Gordon
(CRANBERRIES photo)
J. Emmerick Cranberry Company. All of which shows he hasn't done so badly for a poor boy, who saw his futui'e in the cranberry industry, and in sticking loyally to one interest, the Gaynor Cran- berry Company. Of course the fact that Mr. Dempze is a first class grower, shrewd, discerning, far- sighted and strictly honest, had something to do with this, and the respect in which he is held by other Wisconsin growers.
The Dempze Marsh
The Dempze march is chiefly McFarlins, about 80 percent, and Searles. On the average the pro- duction has been about 1200 bar- rels a year and the last two he produced 85 barrels to the acre.
The Gaynor marsh has one of the finest screenhouses in the Wis-
consin industry. This is a struc- ture 100 ft. by 80, in the main building three stories high, made of tile and steel, set on a concrete base. When being planned it was feared this massive building might settle in the marshy ground of Cranmoor, but although many tons ot steel were used it is as firm and. level as the day it was built.
There is easy storage capacity for 8,000 barrels, but one or two thousand nrore could be put in. Screening equipment includes 7 Bailey separators, capable of hand- ling 300 barrels a day. There is cellophane equipment (Holm) con- siderably made over to Mr. Demp- ze's ideas, which can pack 250 barrels a day.
(Continued on Page 16)
USE
AGRICO: /or Cranberries
A QUALITY FERTILIZER FOR A QUALITY CROP
For the name of your nearby Agrico Agent Call or Write
The AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
North Weymouth, Mass. or Harold L. Eldridge, 64 Gibbs Ave., War eham, Mass.
Telephone Wevmouth 9-2640 Tel. Whm. 168-W
Seven
SOIL DATA ON NUTRITION ON WASHINGTON STATE BOGS
by R. Anderson Fisher
Northwest Soil Testing Service,
Seattle, Washington
This is a report on a study of the plant food levels in twenty- five cranberry bogs of known con- sistent yield capacities over sev- eral years time. It was begun for the Grayland Cranberry Growers' Association to demonstrate the value of soil testing for this crop. As the data accumulated indicate nutritional requirements not previ- ously reported for this crop, they are presented here.
The method of analysis was that of Peech and English (1) except for determination of nitrate nitro- gen with diphenylamine and of "slow phosphorus" by extraction for three hours at pH2, — the pH2 extracting solution being a 0.3 per- cent solution of potassium acid sulphate (2). Figures are in pounds per acre in plow depth.
As might be expected from the pH preferences of cranberries, the indications from this data are that the metallic elements play an un- usually determining role in the yield of this crop. The reason cranberries prefer to grow be- tween pH4.2 and pH5.0 is that normally there are much greater supplies of available iron between these limits, while the relative pro- portions of soluble aluminum and manganese are ordinarily reduced.
In the accompanying table of food contents the bogs have been arranged in the order of descend- ing yield. The high yielding bogs are those having a high content of available iron (Fe) and at least twice as much available iron as aluminum (Al), other things being equal. Where the content of iron is several times that of the alum- inum the actual amount present apparently may be smaller. These
figures also suggest that mangan- ese (Mn) becomes injurious In con- centrations of over fifteen pounds per acre.
Of the major plant food ele- ments only potassium is shown to be insufficient at times from these figurues. It is suggested that lack of potassium reduces yields where the supply goes as low as fifty pounds per acre. Our analytical data on peat for other crops sub- stantiate this finding for potas- sium.
Nitrogen in the form of am- monia is revealed, at times, to be in injurious excess in this study. The figures indicate that best results will be obtained when the ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) does not run over forty-five pounds per acre. Ammonia nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate is the most widely used fertilizer, partic- ularly when vine growth is poor. Successful growers, however, have learned to use this food quite suc- cessfully through experience. Soil testing can save much uncertainty here.
(Continued on Page 10)
SOIL JiSAViSES ALTI CfiAUBSRRY YIELDS
|
' He. el Beg |
Feet Yields |
pH |
Ve |
Al |
Un |
K |
jfflj B |
JJOj U |
Ce |
Ug |
P |
Slew |
|
1 |
300 bble |
. 4.9 |
600 |
46 |
1 |
100 |
3 |
10 |
760 |
128 |
10 |
,., 4 0 |
|
2 |
278 " |
4.* |
268 |
116 |
.6 |
90 |
16 |
IB 7 |
280 Zl99 600 |
_ 8_, 276 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
200+ • |
4.4 |
260 |
30 |
1 |
110 |
0 |
,!__ 2 |
7 14 1 3 |
|||
|
4 |
200 » |
4.3 |
46 |
3 |
1 |
130 |
6 |
4 |
||||
|
B |
200 " |
8.1 |
160 |
46 |
8 |
360 |
18 |
6 |
630 " |
70 |
10 8 |
|
|
6 |
200 " |
6.1 |
316 |
66 |
3 |
376 |
18 |
3 |
600 100 |
1 |
||
|
7 |
180 • |
4.9 |
66 |
20 |
10 |
210 |
80 |
5 _ 6 |
800 320 . 460^. _a2.CL._ |
.0^ |
8 |
|
|
8 |
180 " |
4.9 |
60 |
26 |
6 |
250 |
88 |
I .. 3 |
17 |
|||
|
9 |
176 " |
4.8 |
136 |
0 |
1 |
140 |
800 j 270 |
7 |
||||
|
10 |
160 " |
6.0 |
150 |
46 |
3 |
150 |
6 |
3 |
550 280 |
1 . 16 I |
||
|
11 |
160 " |
4.6 |
100 |
22 |
1 |
176 |
23 |
16 17 |
_1170_ 630 |
_-.12B . 65 |
2 , 1 |
0 |
|
12 |
120 " |
4.2 |
46 |
26 |
2.5 |
76 |
16 |
3 |
||||
|
13 |
120 • |
4.6 |
130 |
20 |
6 |
125 |
48 |
13 |
868 |
58 |
1 0 |
|
|
14 |
110 " |
4.6 |
40 |
136 |
1 |
120 |
16 |
19 |
400 |
6 |
3 ' 0 |
|
|
15 |
100 " |
4.6 |
16 |
166 |
.2 |
146 |
30 |
13 |
280 |
5 |
1 ' 0 |
|
|
le |
100 " |
4.4 |
10 |
200 |
1 |
68 |
26 |
15 |
300 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
17 |
100 " |
4.4 |
56 |
180 |
.3 |
80 |
13 |
20 |
430 |
0 |
- 0 |
|
|
18 |
100 " i |
4.4 |
26 |
11 |
_,5 |
108 |
18 |
11 |
75a |
1^0.. |
5 : 26 |
|
|
19 100 " |
4.8 |
60 |
36 |
22 |
140 |
3 |
5 |
600 |
290 |
0 : 32 |
||
|
20 |
100 " . |
4.9 |
126 |
8 ! |
8 |
50 |
60 |
6 |
&50 |
31Q_.. |
1 30 |
|
|
21 |
70 " 1 |
4.6 |
10 |
100 1 |
.3 |
155 |
50 |
13 |
630 |
120 |
0 1 0 |
|
|
22 |
60 '• • |
4.3 |
2.6 |
3 1 |
10 |
20 |
15 |
66 |
860 |
295 |
0 ; 18 |
|
|
24 |
60 |
6.0 |
200 |
60 1 |
36 |
160 |
85 |
5 |
1000 |
310 |
13 0 |
7 |
|
: 30 •• |
4.6 |
200 ! |
.8 |
50 |
46 |
16 |
260 |
0 |
0 |
|||
|
29 10 " |
4.2 |
45 |
30 ' |
2.5 |
21*0 260 ] |
24 |
930 I 60 j |
^ .^ 2 1 |
Ei;
f»»»
(^ditMals
Vol. 16 No, 2 ISSUE OF JUNE 1951
\^ *;;^HUC««9«Rr«,<;,^!^
WE MUST SELL OUR PRODUCTION
1"'HE productive capacity of this country is said to be one of the marvels of the century. (According to recent figures by the Department of Commerce the total out- put of national products of all kinds is reaching a pace of $313,000,000,000 a year.) One of the marvels of this century of cranberry growing may be said to be our ability to grow the quantity of cran- berries we have produced in recent years. "We can expect a crop of 1,000,000 bbls. next fall and we must be prepared to sell that amount", the latest issue of NCA's Cooperative Cranberry News pre- dicted. This is about the earliest estimate we have heard this year if this really may be considered an estimate and not merely an expressed possibility. Where practical- ly a million-barrel crop was produced last year and harvests have been so large lately it may not come about. But with the last part of that statement there can be no dis- pute— the industry must be prepared to sell whatever the production may be.
As has been said before, the industry is now reaping the rewards of better cul- tural methods all along the line — more and constantly improving mechanism, better insecticides and greater use, better frost warning services. Interest in these things on the part of the majority of growers has brought about bigger crops. Now there is vastly increased interest by growers in the marketing end. May this help bring about sufficient increase in sales to offset the increase in the harvest.
AWAKE TO OUR PROBLEM
AND there assuredly does seem to be a quite general optimism that a lot more cranberries are going to be more easily moved. This, we feel, is borne out by cer- tain developments. For one thing, a real year-'round market is being developed through processing. For 26 consecutive months now, NCA has made gains in its sauce sales. It probably must be gener- ally recognized that with the huge crops we are faced with each year, processing must play a more important part. A mil- lion-barrel crop is just too many cranber- ries to dispose of in the relatively brief fresh fruit markets. Sales must be spread
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Banilon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
over the whole twelve months.
As for the fresh market, it is encourag- ing to find a Fresh Cranberry Institute actually launched, taking in the major fresh fruit co-op, ACE and some independ- ents.
We seem to be becoming fully awake as to what we are up against with so many cranberries to sell each year.
TOEFERRING back to our thought on our progress in pest control, we read that the "hot" war against insect and disease pests is getting hotter all the time. Al- though last year's losses to farmers are esti- mated at 10 billion dollars, the wholesale value of agricultural chemicals sold was 200 million dollars, and "rapid and sure progress is being made."
Nine
Soil Data
(Continued from Page 8)
In conclusion it should be men- tioned that in the course of gath- ering the samples some of these growers expressed the belief that iron sulfate, used for weed killing, had actually stimulated the cran- berry vines into greater fruitful- ness. No doubt, cranberries grown under ideal conditions will contain higher amounts of iron than so far reported and come to be sought after by dieticians.
List of Bogs Tested
1, Bill Huovila; 2, J. A. Smith; 3, Johnny Smith; 4, Steve Valatco- viteh; 5, Einer Waara; 6, Einer Waaara; 7, Einer Waara; 8, Ernie Johnson; 9, Jack Jattala; 10, Bill Smith; 11, Henry Huovila; 12, Alun Lewis; 13, Martin Hendrick- son, all of Grayland, Washington; 14, Ennis Loshbaugh, Bandon, Ore- gon; 15, Lewis McGeorge, Coos Bay, Oregon; 16, Ennis Loshbaugh, Bandon, Oregon; 17, Ennis Losh- baugh, Bandon, Oregon; 17, Ennis Loshbaugh, Bandon, Oregon; 18, Ben Olsen, Grayland, Washington; 19, Dave Pi-yde, Grayland, Wash- ington; 20, Emil Maki, Grayland, Washington; 21, Lewis McGeorge, Coos Bay, Oregon; 22, Dave Pryde, Grayland, Washington; 23,
Bill Smith, Grayland, Washingluii; 24, Lewis McGeorge, Coos Bay, Oregon; 25, Alun Lewis, Gray- land, Washington.
Literature Cited
(1) Peech, Michael and English Leah, 1944, Rapid Microchemical Soil Tests. Soil Science Vol. 57: 167-195.
(2) Fisher, R. Anderson and Tiomas, R. P. 1935, The Deter- mination of the Forms of Inorgan- ic Phosphorus in Soils. Journal Amer. Soc. Agron. Vol. 27: 863- 873.
Edaville Opens For Season, Sen. Taft There July 29fh
Mrs. Elthea Atwood Carry- ing on Program of Late Husband as a Memorial — Her Nephew in Direct Charge of Railroad Oper- ation.
"Edaville Railroad," South Car- ver, Mass., undoubtedly the cran- berry industry's most famous show place opened again for the season May 19, with Mrs. Elthea E. Atwood in general supervision, continuing the program as the late
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ACUSHNET, MASS.
H. C. LEONARD
191 LEONARD ST.
Tel. New Bedford
3-4332
Kills U. Atwood had planned and visualized it. She will carry on the enterprise making of it a memorial to the memory of Mr. Atwood who died tragically last December.
About 1,000 were at the opening, and operating week-ends until June 23rd, "Edaville" will then be running daily. Approximately 200,000 last season visited this last of the 2-foot narrow guage roads in America circling around the 200 acres of bog over a distance of about five miles. Plans are ex- pected to be about as last year, expect that "Peacedale" village erected for the Christmas-New Year display has been retained for the summer with the winter effects removed.
Mrs. Atwood is treasurer of the Edaville corporation as she was before Mr. Atwood's death when he was president. He has been succeeded by her brother, LeRoy Eldridge of Wareham. His son, David, is active njanager of the railroad. Francis A. Merritt, fore- man of the Atwood bog properties for many years continues to oper- ate the cranberry growing. Mrs. Atwood is executor of the estate and will eventually be trustee.
A highlight of this season will be the expected visit of Senator Robert A. Taft on Sunday, July 29, as principal speaker and guest at the annual Plymouth County Republican club meeting and clam- bake. Mr. Taft has accepted the invitation.
The distinguished Republican while in the Carver area will visit adjourning, historic Plymouth, which he has never seen before. This is the 15th annual bake of the club and a turnout of several thousands is anticipated.
Mrs. Atwood has also been made a member of the Board of Direct- ors of NCA and of the executive committee, succeeding her late husband.
ACE TO BE IN NEW BEDFORD IN EARLY JUNE
American Cranberry Exchange was scheduled to be in its new location on South Sixth Street, New Bedford, Massachusetts, by June 4th, making the removal from New York City.
Ten
Z. T. Beaton Is slamed Plymouth lounty Trustee
Gilbert T. Beaton, Waieham, Mass.) cranberry grower has been ppointed a trustee to the Board f the Plymouth County Exten- ion Service. He fills the vacancy aused by the death of Ellis D. Uwood, and represents the cran- erry industry.
Mr. Beaton is manager of the ohn J. Beaton Company, and vice- )resident of the Beaton's Distrib- iting Agency. He is secretary of he Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and secretary-treas- irer of the Southeastern Massa- husetts Cranberry Club.
Mr. Beaton takes an active part n Wareham town affiairs and is ;urrently chairman of the town fi- lance committee. He is a past )resident of the Southeastern llassachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association.
He was graduated from Ware- lam High School and attended the Jniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst. He is a Mason and nember of the Grange. He is mar- •ied and has two daughters, Mari- yn Ruth and Donna Lynne. His lobby is golf.
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
State Company and Ace Officials Hold New York Meeting
First Time Such a Gathering Has Been Held to Make Plans for Coming Active Season.
For the first time in the history of American Cranberry Exchange a joint meeting of managers of all the state companies was held May 17 at the Hotel Statler, N. Y. It was agreed that the idea of holding such meetings was a de- sirable one in the interest of both the companies and the Exchange. It was agreed that two meetings should be held each year, one dur- ing early or mid May and the sec- ond in August, just prior to the shipping season.
Chairman was the new ACE manager, Harold E. Bryant, and the word of welcome was by Presi- dent Theodore H. Budd of New Jersey. Those attending were Walter Z. Fort, Growers' Cranber- ry Company, N. J.; C. D. Ham- mond, Jr., Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company; Maurice Make-
peace, A. U. Makepeace Company; Sue A. Pitman, New England Cranberry Sales Company; Edward S. Schilling, National Cranberry Association; Leo Sorenson, Mid- west Cranberry Cooperative; E. C. McGrew, Stanley Benson, Kath- ryn F. Pratt, Elizabeth McNally, all of ACE.
Among the nratters discussed and agreed upon were that the Exchange should use standardized packages, and that state companies are to be instructed to over-weigh each consumer package by at least one ounce of cranberries. A new box and bag are being designed, style to be announced later.
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in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
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Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner
Elevep
The Exchange has voted to re- duce its advertising this year, but is putting more stress on merchan- dising.
It was agreed that the funda- mental job of membership relations was with the state companies, however it was recognized that the Exchange has the obligation in membership relations work to keep the companies and members in- formed of over-all sales and mer- chandismg policies, progiams and activities being carried on by the Exchange. Therefore it was agreed that the "Cranberry World," would continue and be
used to review the work being done by the Exchange.
Despite trends toward dating consumer packages of perishable comm'odities, it was agreed that no effort would be made this year to date consumer packages of cranberries.
Industrial Engines and Power Unff$
WISCONSIN KlVi.K IN FLOOD THIS SPRING
"Parts and Service"
WALTER H. MORETON, CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Eli. 4-7891
This snap shows the Wisconsin River in flood this spring. It was taken at Wisconsin Rapids and sent in by "Del" Hamond, Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company. Even though flood gates were open there was the turbulent volume of water as shown, a volume not often seen on Eastern rivers. For a short time there was a definite danger to this cranberry center of the Mid-west.
Your Ability to Produce Is Vital — It Concerns Us — Let Us Tell You How We Can Help Preserve It I
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
WISCONSIN MAY HAVE 50 WESTERN PICKERS THIS FALL
Increased Interest in Me- chanical Harvesting and In Dry Picking Being Shown as Possible Way of Cutting Costs.
Indications of a possible con- siderable change in Wisconsin har- vesting may be evidenced this com- ing fall, when it is estimated there may be about 65 picking machines in operation. There appears the possibility that about 50 of these may be Western Pickers and these would be mostly, at least, used in dry raking picking, which would be a distinct departure from the gen- eral Wisconsin system of harvest- ing on the flood. While there may be 50 Westerns the other 16 or so would be Case machines which operate mostly in water.
Newell Jasperson of the well- known Whittelsey Cranberry Com- pany has ordered four Western Pickers and has spent a good deal of time trying to figure out the most efficient and economical sys- tem of machine handling of har- vesting berries. He has previously experimented with the Case, a wet picker.
However, he has considered that dry raking would eliminate a lot of handling, which adds to the cost. Less handling means less labor which would be very desirable in view of probable labor shortages next fall.
Mr. Jasperson says he has con- sidered "a dozen ideas" and dis- carded most of them. One thought he has which he believes may be sound is that of taking a day's picking to the warehouse and then pouring the berries into storage crates, the next morning when it would be too wet to dry rake. This would give the harvest crew a full day's work and it would be possible to operate with fewer men because the men that do the rak- ing and hauling would also do the dumping the next day.
As the Western can be operated Jl with bags as containers rather than boxes, one Wisconsin idea is to hang the full bags on hooks in
Twelv»
the warehouse directly as they come from the marsh. This, it is thought, might work out well for marshes with small production, but for large producers it would mean buying a large quantity of the harvest bags, which is a consider- able investment in burlap and it would also take a great amount of space to store any large number of bags as there would be con- siderable chaff in each bag in all probability.
The whole thought of dry-raking in Wisconsin is at least an inter- esting one, and it could mean elim- ination of the long drying sheds and the drying crates now in use, with the consequent less handling. It is also interesting to note that the Case machine is said to have been very much improved, and the whole would indicate that machine harvesting, whether wet or dry might evtntually take over the pjesent manual rake harvesting generally in use is on the ascen- dency.
CAPE STRAWBERRIES AND BEACH PLUMS
The berry business in general on Cape Cod, original home of the cultivated cranberry is looking up. In June growers of strawberries in the town of Falmouth are put- ting on a three-day harvest fes- tival, with pageant, fireworms, parades, and, of coui'se, a straw- berry queen contest. The straw- berry industry of the Cape has
Robert W. Savary
CHRYLER - PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
'Tel. Wareham 63-R
even recently been noticed by the Massachusetts legislature which adopted a resolution of congratu- lations in connection with the fes- tival.
Every town on Cape Cod is tak- ing part in the pageant with each providing an historic episode. Mili- tary from near-by Camp Edwards will take part with aircraft flying overhead. There will be berry picking contests and displays of the fruit.
In judging the fruit, Frederick E. Cole, Massachusetts extension specialist in marketing of fruits and vegetables will be the judge. Also well known to Massachusetts <^ranberry growers and a leader in the planning of the event is Barnstable County Agricultural Agent "Bert" Tomlinson.
Girl selected as queen will be sent to New York where she will see Gertrude Lawrence in "The King and I." Miss Lawrence and her husband. Commander Richard Aldrich maintain a summer es- tate on the Cape and she has a cranberry bog there.
Other berry event is that the Cape Cod Beach Plum Association in association with the Barnstable County Extension Service held a meeting with an exhibit of school art as the result of a contest in the schools to select a design for
labels.
At this meeting there was dis- cussion regarding state-approved grades for beach plum and use of state-approved labels to identify "Pure Beach Plum Products."
Beach plums have been con- sidered as a possible companion crop for cranberry growers of the Cape and other ar«as, including New Jersey who own property upon which the wild plums could be cultivated.
The 1950 weekly average pro- duction of bituminous coal in the U. S. was 9,800,000 tons.
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
HUBBARD FERTILIZERS
For
CRANBERRIES 5-10-5 7-7-7
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SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER or
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT
Established in 1878
Thirteen
PLYMOUTH COUNTY BOG CLINICS
At cranberry clinics conducted by "Diclv" Beattie May 29 in Ply- mouth County with good attend- ance, several interesting- facts were discussed. Control of loosestrife three-square grass were taken up.
Cranberry Growers
Always Especially
WELCOME
to
Visit and Ride
THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD
South Carver, Mass. Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood
Cranberry Scale has bten with Massachusetts growers for at least 20 years but there is a fresh outbreak. The scales suck juices out of vines and can weaken them enough to kill. The injury is sim- ilar to girdler and root grub.
Joe Kelley reported that nearly every bog visited on the May 29 tour needed treatment for fire- worms. It was pointed out that with the possibility of a heavy in- festation growers should check bogs carefully. The heaviest count is apt to be found in the middle of a bog.
As of the first of June many bogs look exceptionally good where the water was drawn early.
DIRECTORS OF GROWERS' MUTUAL TO MEET
Officers of the new Cranberry Growers' Mutual formed in Massa- chusetts at "grower level," are calling a meeting of the board of directors for Wednesday, June 14, to discuss the matters of by-laws and other details of formal organi- zation. A regional m'eeting is to
be called for the Cape shortly, probably at Cotuit and later an- other general meeting will be held for the full membership. Presi- 1 dent is Nahum Morse and secre- tary, Chester E. Bobbins.
TO DEDICATE LIPMAN BUILDING IN NEW JERSEY
Distinguished soil scientists and others who knew Dr. Jacob G. ' Lipman will be among guests of i Rutgers University, New Bruns- 1 wick. New Jersey, June 12, when i the new agricultural science build- ing is to be dedicated in memory of the man who was director of the Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion at Rutgers when he died in 19.39. Edward V. Lipman, general manager of the NCA unit at Bor- dentown is a son of Dr. Lipman.
MORE LOSS IN FOR FARMERS GREATER COSTS OUT
"For every §100 income Massa- chusetts farmers grossed in 194.5, they are now taking in |118," George Westcott, extension econ- omist of the University of Massa-
oost your harvest
with PENNSALT Insecticides
When you buy Pennsalt Insecticides, you know you're ^ettinsr a reliable product, backed by the finest manufacturing knowledge and the benefits of wide research. This means higher quality at lower cost to you. And remember, our technical representative is always at your service.
Get Pennsalt Insecticides now! By spraying your bogs and rontrolHng craniierry pests, you'll boost your yield at harvest time!
Fnr infnrmalimt nn prices nnd flelivnry, see ynur Incal mixer nr write to:
Agricultural Chemicals Dept.
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company
Philadelphia 7, Pa,
KRYOCIDE.^ Natural CRYOLITE
A favorite for many years with cranberry growers. Controls tlie cranberry weevil, gypsy moth caterpillar, cranberry blossom worm, false army worm, and fruit worms.
PENNSALT WB-50,
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U ^ > I > ^^MJLl^M agricultural chemicals
PROGRESSIVE CHEMISTRY FOR OVER A CENTURY
Fourteen
chusetts told county agents of that state at a recent meeting. "But the story doesn't end there — for every flOO that the same farmers spent on various necessary items in 1945, they now must spend ?150."
Now that the farmers are faced with inflation they need to make the best of the situation by becom- ing more efficient in all farming operations, he continued. 'There are opportunities for cutting costs that never before existed."
Each individual, he said, can do certain things to make sure he conies out on top in the race of prices and costs, and of greatest importance is the lowering of pro- duction costs and improvement in marketing methods.
Combating rising costs involves operating a business which will make fullest use of land, labor, buildings and equipment. "A critical inventory of farm practices is in order, now, if farmers are to survive this competitive struggle," the economist declared.
On the mai'keting side of the picture he asserted producers of food crops must "cut corners, but keep up quality."
DR. EMLEN FF. DARLINGTON
Dr. Emlen F. Darlington, direct- or of J. J. White, Inc., of New Jersey, died May 14. He is sur- vived by his widow, Mrs. Mary F. Darlington, who is a daughter of the late J. J. White and a sister of Miss Elizabeth C. White of Whitesbog.
Dr. Darlington was a past pres- ident of the American Ethnologist Society, a member of the Society of Friends, Westchester, Pa. He was a native of Westchester and was graduated from the University of Pennnsylvania Medical School in 1899.
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
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and CONTINENTAL Red Seal Industrial Engines
• LAWRENCE Propeller Pumps
• DEMING Centrifugal Pumps
Sale oHot Se^icUce
6000 Different Kinds of Insects Cause Crop Damage
There are more than 80,000 diff- erent types of insect species in this country. Of these no less than 6,000 cause damage. Grasshoppers cost farmers nearly 23,000,000 a year. The corn borer prohibits the profitable growing of sweet corn in many areas of the country. It also costs corn growers more than 75 m'illion dollars every year in the reduction of field corn pro- duction. The hornfly reduces milk production by not less than 15 percent in severe hornfly seasons. The boll weevil takes as much as half a billion dollars worth of cot- ton in years favorable to the pest.
Insect damage started in the field may not end at harvest. In- sect damage in stored cereals in the United States is estimated to be at least 600 million dollars a year.
Several case histories show how insect problems have intensified. A most famous one is the ad-
vance of the Colorado potato beetle eastward with the opening of the West to potato culture. The po- tato beetle survived on the wild horse needle in Colorado, but with the planting of potatoes it thrived and spread eastward wip- ing out whole areas of potatoes un- til an insecticide was developed as a remedy to stop its depredations. In another example there was a recurrence of the chinch bug in the southeastern states resulting from increased plantings of grass.
(Continued on Page 16)
|
KILL WEEDS AT |
LESS COST |
|
WITH |
|
|
AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
|
|
PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
|
370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
|
BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
|
60 Foley Street |
.6-8100 |
|
CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
|
230 N. Michigan |
3-3050 |
|
NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
|
155 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
|
PHILADELPHIA. PA. |
Radcliff |
|
2700 Roberts Ave. |
5-3540 |
|
MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
|
1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
|
LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
Madison |
|
555 S. Flower St. .. |
.9-2179 |
|
PORTLAND, ORE. |
Broadway |
|
Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0579 | |
|
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
|
|
COMPANY |
Cranberry man gets both ends of 60-40 split!
Before installing Triangle ma- chines, this cranberry packager needed 5 operators to turn out 8,000 cellophane bags per day. Now he turns out 12,800 bags with only 3 operators.
Triangle machines raised pro- duction 60% ... cut labor 40%.
Find out how to split your high packaging costs wide open. Write for literature. (Model shown is A-2 Elect-Tri-Pak New Weigher. Volumetric Fillers, Carton Sealers, Conveyors are also available.)
TRIANGLE Package Machinery Co.
6633-5 W. Diversey Ave. Chicago 35, Illinois
f'.- ■■'■^^W^*W«>'=^*'^^^^*** 'H^^^^ ■'^^ ^X ^i, \;i
:,~<i>~
Fifteen
Bandon Cooperative Building Warehouse
Work on a new 40 x 80 ware- house and packing plant for the Bandon (Oregon) Cranberry Co- op has begun. The building is on the highway south of Bandon.
The warehouse is to be a central packaging and shipping point for handling the fruit which the co-op markets under the brand name of "Bandon Cranberries." Equipnrent will include the co-op's machine for packing in cellophane bags.
— A Farmer Owned — Farntet Operated Cooperative
THE
National Farm Loan
ASSOCIAT[ON
OF BRIDGEWATER
2 Central Square— Tel. .5377 Bridgewater, Massachusetts
FEDERAL LAND BANK LOANS
4V2% Interest — Long Term
Friendly service as close as your telephone
Much of the work is being done by members of the group. Of- ficers are Ennis Loshbuagh, presi- dent; George V. Cox, vice presi- dent; Jack Dean and Floyd Short- bridge, directors.
PESTICIDE SUPPLY CALLED TIGHT
National Agricultural Chemical Association News in its recent spring edition declares the overall pesticide supply situation is tight and expected to remain so for the remainder of the season. Some in- formation in specific instances may occur latej', but since supply im- pinges on the availability of basic chemicals, predictions cannot be nTade with any degree of certainty.
Some of the chemicals listed are DDT, "tight. Expected to remain so." Cryolite, "adequate." Pyre- thrum, "tight, smaller imports than expected." Copper sulphate, "tight." Steel containers, "tight, priorities given for drums."
6000 Different Kinds
(Continued from Page 15)
Close observations of this pest by extension entomologists and timely provision of insecticides and ap- plications saves farmers in 17 counties of North Carolina about 225 thousand dollars in a single year.
RYANIA
FOR CONTROL OF THE FRUITWORM
A new Botanical INSECTICIDE
RYANIA IS LOW IN COST •
COMPATIBLE WITH DDT
And Most Fungicides, No Burning of The Vines And Easy For The Operator To Use.
S. B. Penick & Company
50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK 7, N. Y.
Dempze, Wisconsin Grower
(Continued from Page 7
Has Much Equipment
A well-equipped machine shop handles much of the repair and other mechanical work. Lumber is cut on the property from native spruce. From this the drying crates, for one thing, are made. There are two tractors, a Cle-trac and an Allis-Chalmers, three small Ford tractors, six trucks, five grass clipping machines, the Gaynor be- ing one of the first marshes in the state to obtain one, this being in 1926, a Bean sprayer with the "Wisconsin" boom, and other usual cranberry equipment. Machinery has becorce an integral part of cranberry operation at this marsh.
During the 1890's the marsh was swept by one or two of the terrific Wisconsin forest fires, causing con- siderable damage. Now Gaynor has its own fire-fighting equip- ment, built up from war-surplus material.
Mr. Dempze has a year 'round crew of six men and during the raking season, the force goes up to 60 or 70. About half the har- vest crew comprises Indians and the men are housed on the prop- erty. About 90 percent of the crop is water raked, and the Gaynor company has always favored this method because it is held less damaging to the vines and the ratio of lost berries is less.
Assisted !!.■/ Son, Gordon Assisting Mr. Dempze in the managment is his son, Gordon, who was born on the marsh and so grew up with a cranberry back- ground. Goidon, 29, is married and has three children. In addition to his association with the Gaynor, Gordon is developing marsh of his own at northern Three Lakes.
During the war he was flight in- structor with the U. S. Air Corps, serving at Casablanca in Africa and also in the European theatre.' He is still interested in flying — very much so. He has his own plane, a Luscombe two-place ship with a landing strip at the Gaynor marsh. He sometimes makes flights on cranberry business, for instance up to Three Lakes or to Milwaukee for supplies. Moreover ho does a lot of cross-country fly-
Sixteen
ing for the pure fun of flying and has made trips to Detroit and to and from the East Coast.
"Must Satisfy the Consumer"
Mr. Dempze is imbued with the idea that a cranberry grower must rut out good quality fruit. "We must consider most, will the con- sumer be satisfied with the cran- berries he or she buys from us?" The consumer is the final judge.
"Our best way to produce cran- berries and to see that the con- sumer is satisfied is through co- operation. A cooperative is just a bunch of fellows working together to do things the best way and the
right way."
He added that "Del" Hammond, was doing a good job for the Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company as general manager.
More than one and a quarter million tons of bituminjous coal were shipped from the Port of Rochester, N. Y., to Canadian ports last year.
MATHEWS
CONVEYER
and TRACK
Frost Insecticide Co.
ARLINGTON, 74
Box 36
MASS.
AT THE PRESS OF A BUTTON, OR TURN OF A SWITCH
You Get Useful Energy
ELECTRICITY
Make the fullest use of ELECTRICITY in your screenhouse, in your home.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
Tel. 200
PLYMOUTH
Tel. 1300
Eatmor Cranberries
Success in marketing a crop of cranberries consists in making careful plans for distribution.
Balanced distribution for 1951 is assured the members of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company who market their cranberries 100% through CRANBERRY GROWERS COUNCIL, thus placing them in the best possible position to secure proper value for their cranberries, both FRESH and PROCESSED.
Years of marketing experience bv the American Cranberry Exchange will prove invaluable in the directing and distribution of the fresh fruit crop of IB.^l; and years of marketing experience by the National Cranberry Association will likewise prove invaluable this season in the distribution of the processed crops of members.
By becoming a member of the New England Cranberry Sales Company a grower safeguards his immediate interests and, what is more important, helps to stabilize his business. . - .
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
9 Station Street
SALES COMPANY
TELEPHONE 200
Middleboro, Mast.
r
Dr. F. J. Seivers
Agr. Exp. Sta., State College
Amherst, Maes, (x)
^Eatmor /| Cranberries
//
We're in
New Bedford Nowr
Our new headquarters address is —
5 South Sixth St., New Bedford, Massachusetts Telephone: New Bedford 6-8291
This move is one of the first steps in an expanded sales program. Watch for more news of our aggressive and progressive plans!
WB ONLY NATION AUy AdVERTISBV NAME IN FRESH CRANBERRIES
Eatmor Cranberries
Morris April Bros.
Bridfcton Tuckahoe
New J«r»ey
Apples
Cranberries
Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
4^^2255'
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
Waretiam Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
Cape & Vineyard Electric Company
Offices:
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Provincetown Vineyard Haven
Hall & Cole
E«tablisb«i 1848 Incorporated
Commission Merchants
and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102
BOSTON, MASS.
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
BRICCS & STRATTON,
CLINTON, WISCONSIN,
LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
ETtpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emergency
Portable and All Applications
Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced
Alan Painten Co.
Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS.
Middleborough Trust Company
MIDDLEBORO MASS.
Member of
The Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
niass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The cranberry season is several days advanced compared with last year. Insect activity has been about normal. Joe Kelley and the writer have yet to see a gypsy moth caterpillar in the areas treat- I'd during the last two years under the special aerial spray program. Growers should check their bogs during July for fruit worm, leaf- hoppers, weevils, spittle insects, and the second brood fireworms. A few suggestions for controlling these pests are outlined as follows: An accurate egg count is the key to proper timing of sprays and dusts for controlling fruitworm. Ryania is given first place in the list of treatments for this partic- ular insect (See tho insect and disease control chart). Leaf hop- pers are plentiful on many bogs and should receive special atten- tion. The new brood of weevils and the adults of the spittle insect will be found on bogs about mid- July or a few days earlier this year. DDT will control both of these pests.
The control of ditch weeds is a topic that has received relatively little attention, but is an important part of good bog management. Dr. C. E. Cross has kindly prepared some very timely information on this subject, whicK i^ as follows:
Notes on Ditch Weed Control
One of the more neglected phases of cranberry bog management dur- ing the last three depressing years has been the cleaning of ditches. The actual digging out of silt, sand, and weeds is laborious ,,andi costly, and few growers at present can afford such care for their drainage and irrigation ditches. However, weed-choked ditches are often responsible for the production and distribution of many trouble- some bog woods, and under present
conditions it is important that growers kill or burn off the weeds growing- in the ditches with some form of weedkiller. The knapsack sprayer is a very useful tool in this work, particularly if the nozzle opening is enlarged to at least 1/16 of an inch in diameter. Then '4 lb. of sodium arsenite should be dissolved in a sprayer-full of water (.31/2-4 gals.) and sprayed rapidly, and with good pressure on the ditch weeds, holding the nozzle low to avoid spray drift onto cranberry vines. Each sprayer-full should cover 150-200 ft. of narrow ditch and should not take more than twenty to twenty-five minutes to spray. Best results are attained when the ditches are dry, but this spray will kill to the water line where standing water remains in the ditch and much seed production is stopped by even this sort of spraying.
Ammate can be used instead of sodium arsenite if a non-poisonous material seems advisable. Two and one-half pounds of ammate is needed for each knapsack sprayer- full of water. The same care must be used to keep ammate off the cranberry vines that are wanted, and the sprayer must be washed carefully with soapy water immed- iately after using ammate to pre- vent excessive corrosion.
Occasionally, growers have part of a drum of Stoddard Solvent left at the bog and would like to use it to advantage in order that the drum may be returned for the deposit charge. This material makes a good ditch weedkiller, particulai-Iy when the weeds are loosestrife, asters, brambles, or rushes. The knapsack sprayer nozzle opening should be a little less than 1/lG or an inch for spray- ing Stoddard, and heavy spraying
.is not necessary. This js the. time7' 'Sn& t.h^.^tcK> is the ■piaceV'.^t; see - how far a sprayer-full t can Tae stretched — sometimes 400 ft. of ' ditch can be sprayed with one fill- i ing (thirty minutes). All weeds '; and cranberry new growth will bff burned by it — best results in darnp : or hot and humid weather.
A wet ditch full of grasses, rushes, and tussocks of sedges sometimes dries out during July and August, at least to the point where no standing Water .remains on the surface. If such a ditch is treated with kerosene f romf a wat- ering pot, frequently,, the roots as well as the tons^'f the W'eds ai'o killed and the ditch remains weed- free until new seed germinates.
Once or tijvice ■ a' JifeW,' 'growers should drag a^hocjk pv patato-dig- ger completely around thieir bogs in the shore ditches to discover aud pull out "runners t)f the small bramble, poison ivy, Virginia creeper or morning glol"y which may be crossing the ditch from the shore to anchor its roots on the bog. Failure to stop these invad- ers at an early stage t-an cause great trouble in a year (irit\*o!
The drainage of many Massa-: chusctts bogs has dieg^eased during the last three years', both because the ditches have no.t'Deen cleaned during that time and because sum- mertime ' drouth has forced nianyi growers to carry the water highl for irrigation. These 'factors ar^^ responsible for the increasing popu-.S I lations of cut grass, rushes, andf ! otlier "water weeds". If rainS|i ' continue, to be frequentiKit r^eem^,' advisat)k to drain the bogs a^' much as possible ; by killing ' ot burning the ditch weeds, even greater drainage, will be possible.^
-INTERESTED-
in 'buying bie' leaistng
Wisconsin Cranberry
propei^ty.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for
sale.
Vernon Goldsworthy
,936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
HAMMOND APPOINTED TO
WIS. STATE BEEKEEPING
ADVISORY COMMITTEE *
s
"Del" Hammond, of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, has been appointed to the Wisconsin State Beekeeping Advisdr^? Cam: miltee set up by the Department of Agriculture. The.. use of bees on Wisconsin marshes '^has in- creased tremendously and is con- sidered an important pollination factor.
D. N. McDowell, director of the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture, Claire L. Jackson, .chief, ad- ministration division. E. L. Cham- bers, State Entomologist and two others from the U. S. Department of Agriculture were visitors at Wisconsin Rapids last month. Miss Jean Nash, president. Sales Com- pany; Mr. Hammond, President Henry Duckart and Manager Leo Sorenson of the Mid-west Cran- berry Company took them on a tour of some of the area nrarshes. It was the first time that Mr. Mc- Dowell had been in the Wisconsin cranberry district.
Eggs are an excellent source of protein. They contain the^ eight essential amino acids.
More farm families ' produce and sell eggs and poultry than any other farm commodity. .■...:,
NEW STEVENS VARIETY PLANTED IN WISCONSIN
The SteveiiS' Variety, named after the late Dr. Neil E. Stevens is now being propagated at sev- eral locations in Wisconsin. For the past few years final work oh this variety in Wisconsin,- insofar as expenses are concerned, has been contributed to greatly by the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany with help to the Biron nursery, where this variety was propagated.
Cuttings are now planted as fol- lows: Midwest has its vines at the Potter and Son marsh, the Sales Company at the Tony Jonjak marsh, Hayward, the Vernon Goldsworthy marsh at Three Lakes, the Gerald Brockman marsh at Vesper and the Biron Cranberry Company marsh. Cranberry Grow- ers, Inc., also has plants as well as the O. L. Hotz Cranberry Com- pany and the Fred Barber marsh.
However, it is to be anticipated a number of years will elapse be- fore any appreciable amount of acreage will be planted to the Stevens. Yet, under the present planting schedule there are cut- tings in all areas of the state to see the 'different reactions to cli- mate conditions.
CAMPERS! — Douse your' camp- fire— KEEP OUR STATE GREEN.
BE NEIGHBORLY
bo a fellQw. grower a good turn. Tear out this coupon, give it .to,Jiim. Every cranberry grower should be a reader of CRANBERRIES magazine.
One Year $3.00 ' ! .* Six Mos. $1.50
Enclosed is : _..____.... for Subscription.
Name
Street address _— r--.-
City or Town
State
CRANBERRIES Magazine
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Wareham, Massachusetts
WESTERN PICKERS Inc.
1172 Hemlock Avenue Coos Bay, Oregon
At this point it is well to re- member the basic theory and. prin- ciple of the >yestern Picker: — That if friction is neglected pie". vines will be pulled up along the upper side of the teeth by ' tftie.-' powered rubber covered vine roller to the point where they are at right angle to the teeth and are tangent to the vine roller mounted below this point. The sickle is placed just behind the line so that any normal length vine will be pulled down through the teeth by the powered rubber roller before the sickle will cut the vine. For vines longer than normal the rub- ber lugs moianted on the conveyor belt engage the top ends of the vines and pull them into the sickles For this reason tlje lower end of the conveyor is called a picking element. ^.
Since, the friction on the teeth varies at different times of the harvest season and for different types of vines and for different degrees of dryness of , the vines, the position of the vine; rpUer may have to be changed accorcjingly, .
In general this distance will vary on both sides of 12- Va" from the points of the teeth to' the face -of the vine rollers. In the vines that have been well trained and are not too heavy a 12 inch settijig can be used. For pruning new heavy growth the first time, a 13 inch setting may be used with the forward conveyor roller just clear- ing the teeth. This setting has been found most useful in rehabili- tating old, run-down bogs.
(Western Pickers are still avail- able for this harvest season.
(ADVT)
I TbrM
^iiowi cmmny ma«,]I^^^
ISSUE OF JULY lest -VOL. IS. NO. 3
TublhhW niaatlily •« tk* Cswricr rflat Shoy, Mala St.. Warckam. MaMaabuMtU. ■abaariyUaa, fl.tt var Fax. Batwad ai ••cai.d-alati matter Jaunarr X(. lll^I. at tha ysit-sBcr at Warckam, Matsaahuaatti, aalar «ka Aat af Marak I, KTf
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Bloom Heavy
The bloom on bogs is heavy, generally speaking. This seems to be true of both early and late water. Every indication is that there will be at least an average crop — and probably more. Insects Not Bad
As June ended, insects were not causing undue trouble. They were in fact, a little less troublesome than normal, if anything. How- ever, there was a great deal of late water and, as the crop ma- tures there could be more trouble than is now anticipated.
Rainfall Below Normal
The rainfall for the month was but 1.38 inches as recorded at the State Bog at East .Wareham. This is about half of normal. The hot- test day of June was the 25th with 89 degrees, the coolest was 42 on the 7th and the 12th.
KEEPING QUALITY
Dr. Franklin's final keeping quality forecast came out in mid- June as follows: "The general keeping quality of cranberries this Fall will be poor. If the rest of June is cooler than normal, the keeping quality will not be as poor as in some years. Present condi- tion suggest that those bogs which usually produce poor quality ftuit should be treated with a fungicide immediately.'
At the end of June notice was .sent out by Plymouth and Barn- stable County agents that "condi- tions this year call for special at- tention to control of Fruit Rot. The sceond application of a fungi- cide .should be made toward the end of the blossoming period."
With the ending of the month
it was said at the State Bog that the month had not deteriorated conditions any, as there was some coolness toward the end, and in general June had not been as un- favorable to quality as had the previous months.
Fruit Worm Clinics
Fruit worm clinics were held July 5th at 7 p. m., at the State Bogr on July 6 at 10 a.m., at the Erwin Gorham Bog, Bryantville, and the same day at 2 p. m., at the John Egger Bog, Lakeville. Assistance on fruitworm and other problems were given by members of Extension and Experiment Sta- tion staff.
WISCONSIN
Budding Below Normal
Insofar as the crop is concerned, it still is too early to tell just what the situation will develop into. The budding was below normal, but the growth and development about normal as of the end of June.
June was a cool month, with temperatures below normal. Rain- fall was about normal, water sup- plies for irrigation or a possible frost were adequate.
Crop Affected
The frost damage in the North- ern Areas on May 9 and 10 was serious. Winter injury is consider- ably more damaging to the crop than anticipated. This will affect the crop materially.
Insect problem is not too bad, but all growers are working on a program for fruitworm. First sprays were put on some marshes about June 25.
Personals
J. W. Milligan, formerly frost
meteorologist in charge of Wis- consin Frost Warning Service has been ill f^r some time and has been forced to take a leave of absence. His replacement is Arthur F. Wol- foi'd who has had ten years of ex- perience in Florida in fruit fore- casting work. He arrived at the Rapids on June 10 and will be on the job for the remainder of the season.
Mather had a rather unusual celebration recently. Mr. and Mrs. Brimshaw, Mr. and Mrs. B. R. Mitchell and Mr. and Mrs. Sher- njan Baker, all celebrated their 50th wedding anniversaries. Mr. and Mrs. Brimshaw and Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are long-time mem- bers of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company.
WASHINGTON
Prospects Better Than '50
By end of June all bogs were in full bloom. While it was too early to m'ake any definite prediction, but in opinion of D. J. Ci'cfwley crop should be a little larger than last year, 33,000 bbls. There has been some frost damage, it has developed and this was chiefly on the night of May 28 when a rainy spell cleared up unexpectedly and several growers were caught nap- ping. The frost was spotty and apparently all the alarms did not work that night.
Fireworm
Growers who failed to spray for the last few years are finding that the fireworm is coming back and are having to put on extra dosages to handle the pests.
With surpluses being disposed of, growers feel more encouraged and that the crop of this year will be sold at more reasonable prices.
r»>»r
Annual Field Day
Annual Field Day at the Long Beach Experiment Station has been set for August 24. Among other interesting features, grow- ers at that time will have an op- portunity to see some of the seed- ling crosses in production. Reports of other experiments at the Sta- tion will be given.
Exceptionally Freak May Frost According to "The Cranberry Vine", the mimeographed publica- tion of County Extension Service, South Bend, prepared by Ralph E. Tidrick, County Agent, that was rather an unusual frost on the night of May 28. The mer- cury dropped to as low as 26 on some bogs, but it was extremely freaky in its spottiness. To illus- trate, he tells of a grower at Gray- land. Sections of his bog were hard hit yet his frost alarm failed to go off. He had two of the alarms located in places that are normally cold spots for him. The temperatures in those spots never reached the danger point so he wag not aroused to the danger.
Weather Extremely Dry
It is suggested by Dr. Crowley that it is a good idea for growers to sprinkle-irrigate bogs at least once a week, if water supplies pre- mit. Tidrick suggests that growers who do not have sprinklers com- pare their crops this Pall with the crops of the growers who have. "It might show you how you have lost some of your profits." "Red" Leaf and Lecanium Scale Growers are urged to watch for Red leaf spots in heavy vine growth or where frost injury has destroyed the crop.
Some Lecanium scales have been hatched at the Experiment Station in order to carry on tests for con- trol of the migatory scales. Para- thion and Metacide have given good kills with nicotine sulfate also giving satisfactory control. Neighbors Being Hurt A few growers aren't spraying for fireworms, and they are being hurt, but what is equally important is that they are hurting their neighbors, as well. When the fire- worm millers appear to lay eggs for the second brood, the wind blows them around over two or
three neighboring bogs on the down-wind side. Of course these lay eggs, too, and the worms that hatch make extra spray applica- tions on the part of the innocent neighbor. The bogs are so close in many areas that only ditches separate one bog from another man's property. "A neighbor who fails to spray for insects or to control weeds can be a headache and the cause for a great deal of worry and expense," says "The Vine."
"Cat Trails"
Tidlick says he hears complaints about neighbors with cats on their place. It seems the cats like to make trails along the edges of neighbors' bogs.
Early Season
Finally the growing season at end of June was about ten days ahead of last year and the berries were expected to be all set before the 4th of July.
for the auditors to complete their records.
Financial and sales reports will be given by department heads and the district salesmen will be pres- ent to outline the nrarket situation in the various sales territories. The new fresh cranberry packing room will be open for inspection.
All growers, whether members or not, are welcome, as usual, the Assoociation announces.
Annual Meeting of National Cranberry Is July U\h
National Cranberry Association will hold its Annual Meeting at the Hanson (Massachusetts) Plant on July 17 at 10:00 a. m. The mid- July date was set to allow time
Mass. Growers to Import Peurto Rico Labor
A representative group of cran- berry growers, meeting recently at the A. D. Makepeace Company, with Francis J. Butler, chairman, and "Dick" Beattie, secretary of the cranberry labor committee, de- cided to import Puerto Ricans for harvest labor to the number of 300. This is being done through Massachusetts Employment offi- cials.
The 300, who are expected to be trained agricultural labor, al- though of course not in cranberry picking, will arrive Sept. 1 to re- main for a period of 12 weeks. They will come by air, 60 to a plane. At present, there is no arrangement for a central housing (Continued on Page 11)
IRRIGATION
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VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Cfi, Mass,
Tel. Osterville 719
nr*
American Cranberry Exchange Completes Its Move To New Bedford, Massachusetts
Also Announces Appoint- ment of Merchandising
'■ Manager. — Lloyd R. Wil- liams of Presque Isle, Me.
A.mericah Cranberry Exchange in early June made the move from 90 West BroaSway, "New York in which city it has been located since 1907 to New Bedford, Massachu- setts former world fapjous "Whal- ing City," and now a leading tex- tile community. Manhattan, of course is on the Hudson River, New Bedford is on the Acushnet, and though whaliijg has gone. New Bedford is . still a busy port, with a large fishing fleet and still a point of tourist attraction.
None of these were reason for the move which is, as previous- ly announced, to have the main executive office of ACE nearer to the largest cranberry growing area, Plymouth, Bristol and Barn- stable counties. New Bedford is in Bristol, but within a few miles of Wareham, Carver or Middle- boro. New Bedford, was picked over a town definitely with the cranberry area because it offers better hotel, airplane and rail facilities.
The Wcation of the new offices is the top floor of the Stone build- ing at 5 South Sixth Street in the business center of the city. Floor space is about 1,600 square feet, or approximately that of the old quarters in New York, although there is not the extra storage space there was on lower West Broad- way.
"We are pleased to be nearer the gr;eat bulk of the growers than we were in New York," says Har- old E.' Bryant, recently named ex- ecutive vice-president and general manager. All the staff have found living quarters in or near New Bedford. Mr. Bryant and family are at "The Cedars," Crescent Beach, Mattapoisett; Clyde Mc- Grew, secertary; Miss Elizabeth McNally, advertising and publicity director; Miss' Kathryn F. Pratt, treasurer; and "Bill" Keri)ochan,
Lloyd R. Williams
traffic manager, all in New Bed- ford. Stanley Benson has resumed living in the house he formerly oc- cupied in Lakeville before he join- ed the staff in New York.
Adds New Man to Staff
In mid-June the Exchange an- nounced that Lloyd R. Williams for the past three years advertising nranager of the Maine Potato Growers had been added to the staff as merchandising manager of the Exchange.
Williams will assume over-all di- rection of the organization's mer- chandising activity, together with publicity and membership rela- tions. He will spend much of the next few months in coordinating Fall merchandising plans with the United Merchandising Institute.
"The work of the Institute," Mr. Bryant has said, "has been of in- terest to many shippers, but for the most part it has not been possible for them 'tb participate directly. The Exchange, as a ship- per, is bridging that gap by hav- ing Mr. Williams, as well as Lester Haines of Chicago office, working with the Institute in laying groundwork for the Fall selling campaign."
Williams is 35 and a native of Connecticut.' He was graduated with a B. S. Degree in Agricultural
Economics from the University of Connecticut in 1938.
Following graduation he worked for the Connecticut Department of Agriculture as a nrarket reporter fpr fruits and vegetables, and as an inspector of agricultural food products. While with the depart- ment, he organized fruit and vege- table display contests and con- ducted marketing surveys at re- tail stores.
With U. S. D. A.
In 1945 he was appointed Infor- mation Specialist for the United States Department of Agriculture, where he helped conduct merchan- dising campaigns for abundant foods, and supervised the distrib- ution of market news information going to newspaper and radio sta- tions in the Northeastern states. After that he was a member of aiji advertising agency staff in Ne'ttf York, as copywriter for the agen- cy's agricultural accounts.
He is a member of the Presque Isle, Maine, Kiwanis Club, a di- rector of the New England Insti- tute of Cooperatives, and a mem- ber of the Information Committee of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives. He is also a mem- ber of the Chamber of Commerce of Presque Isle, which is the head- quarters for the Maine potato growers' Association.
In speaking of immediate plans Mr. Bryant asserted some changes are to be made which he thinks will better sales of the Ex- change fruit. An important fea-
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
Six
tine will ]te more concentration upon merchandising, which is why Mr. Williams and Haines were trained through UMI.
"We are going to review our representatives in terminal mar- kets, that is, our brokers. We will strive to make 'Eatmor' of more importance to the trade, by estab- lishing the best of possible rela- tions. We want to make thenr more conscious of 'Eatmor', do a better , selling job with all outlets, wholesalers, jobbers and chains, but at the same time not .neglect- ing consumer advertising.
Objective More Cranberries Through Outlets
"The rt^al objective is, naturally, to concentrate upon the marketing angle to. the end that more fresh cranberries will pass through the the outlets and into the hands of the consumers."
Although Mr. Bryant has as yet visited only a few of the Massa- chusetts bogs or growers, as in- dividuals he hopes to get out into the field for close relationship be- tween the executives and the mem- bers. He has appeared at several meetings in Massachusetts already, and has made two trips each to New Jersey and Wisconsin. He's beginning to feel better acquainted.
The practice of cutting or top- ping shade trees will often kill the tree or cause decay an^weakening of the 1 hranchfes. Thinning the treetop by c-arefully removing an entire branch is a better method.
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2 Central Square— Tel: 5377 Bridgewater, Massachusetts
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Cranberry Bog Mu$krats Under Study In State of Massachusetts
(Information Educational Leader, Mas- f^achusetts Division of Fisheries and Game, Upton, Mass.)
by Bryant R. Chaplin
Everybody has problems of one sort or another, but few people outside of cranberry growers have problems like those caused by our principal fur bearing aquatic mam- mal, the muskrat.
Mr. Muskrat loves the, shallow water and handy bank-site homes provided by standard growing practices in the bogs of Massachu- setts and other states. Being an energetic rodent who burrows into retaining walls and ditch banks, he is the cause of considerable effort on the part of growers who must repair and control the dam- age he does. The muskrat may not be in a class with insects and diseases that also harass growers, but he's a pain in the pocketbook just the same.
The Pest Under Study
Muskrats, along with other fur bearing animals common to the
state^ are under study by Winston Sai'ille, wildlife research techni- cian of the Bureau of Wildlife Re- search and Management, part of ■the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Game. Saville is in- vestigating the economic value of fur beareyfe to the people of Massa- ehusett^|. and has found that the muskr^P's worth is almost double that of his nearest competitor, mink. %
Stud^s are also underway to de- termine'the best possible dates for annual Vopen seasons in order to make th¥ most of the crop of rat furs and yet leave sufficient seed stock for future years. Saville is taking into account also the time of the year at which muskrat pelts become prime and are therefore of the greatest value.
While the muskrat is under cen- sure by cranberry growers and un- der study by the state's Division of Fisheries and Game, he is also the piece de resistance of the com- monwealth's fur trappers. Falling prey to milady's' demand for fine
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries
• Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
S«»eo
The muskrat. He may someday grace some woman's shoulder's, but in the meantime he's having a gay time digging into dykes in the cranberry bogs. Massachusetts growers have an opportunity to cooperate with the Division of Fisheries and Game in finding ways to control his numbers.
(Photo courtesy of Worcester Museum of Natural History)
furs in the latest fashion, some 2600 trappers go afield each year to reap a harvest of rat pelts that amounted last year, for example, to $187,511.80.
The total economic value of muskrats cannot be computed, for their monetary worth extends be- yond mere income to successful trappers, into the realm of a vast fur industry, dedicated to wom- an's eternal desire for fur coats. Must be Controlled, Yet Conserved
At the present time trapping is the only really effective method of control of muskrat damage available to cranberry interests, and it is the only one which takes advantage of the rat's money value. Trapping can be done by the grower anytime during the year, providing each kill is re- ported to the Division of Fisheries and Game, under laws which pro- tect landowners from damage by wild creatures, or it can be done by licensed trappers during open season.
The latter plan obviously takes greater advantage of the musk- rat's value, altliough some own- ers may prefer not to have strang-
ers trapping their bogs. One owner reported recently that he leased trapping rights to local men and found tlie system to be suc- cessful. In any event, ways and means must be found to control muskrats and yet realize some- thing from their value as a wild- life resource and producer of ex- pensive furs.
Growers Being Contacted!
Saville is planning to contact » representative group of cranberry growers on these problems and is inviting their opinions as to the best possible open season dates to coincide with their operations on the bogs. A few growers already contacted seem to feel that the fall of the year is best, as crops are in by then, and that rats taken out then won't be free to dig holes during the winter.
Saville's work on this study can be greatly facilitated by the co- operation of all growers whom he contacts during the next few months. Growers who desire to add to the information are inrited to write him at the Phillips Wild- life Laboratory, Upton, Mass. As many letters and personal contacts as can be obtained will add to the effectiveness of the study, which in the end is designed to benefit landowners, growers and trappers alike.
HUBBARD FERTILIZERS
For
CRANBERRIES 5-10-5 7-7-7
mSECTICIDES - FUNGICIDES - AMMATE COPPER SULPHATE - FERMATE
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER or
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT
Established in 1878
EifHt
!rttgh orop
REPORT OF MEETING OF DIRlcSbRS OF CRANbERRY GROWERS MiOtUAL WITH MASSACHUSETTS SELLIN^q AGENTS
mutual cooperation, will surely re- sult in a strengthened market i»n<l therefore better prices.
by Chester W. Robbins Secretary of Mutual
The board of directors of the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, (the recently organized group of Massa- chusetts growers) met at Me- morial Town Hall, Wareham, the evening of June 21, with the prin- cipal distributors of the area in- vited to discuss in what way the Mutual could best cooperate with the distributors in successfully marketing the coming crop.
Nearly the full board of directors was present including the secre- tary, and president Nahum B. Morse who presided. Representa- tives of all agencies invited at- tended, as follows: Harold E. Bry- ant, General Manager of Ameri- can Cranberry Exchange; Marcus L. Urann, President National Cranberry Association; Melville C. Beaton, Beaton Distributing Agen- cy; Orrin G. Colley, President Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative; William Decas of Decas Brothers; Peter A. Lesage, of Yarmouth and Plymouth; and Howard Morse of Morse Brothers, Attleboro.
The keynote of the meeting was greater unity within the indus- try, and the fact that it lasted from 8 to 11:30 p. m., attested to the interest and enthusiasm this new organization is creating among all branches of the industry in Massachusetts. The desirability of extending the MUTUAL to the cranberry areas of New Jersey, Wisconsin, and the west coast was favorably discussed. It was agreed that there is a definite need for an over-all aggressive campaign to promote cranberries in which all growers might directly partici- pate. It is believed this can best be brought about through a one hundred percent membership in the MUTUAL.
Crop Allocation Allocation of the crop between fresh and processed fruit was de- bated, it being pointed out that not a sufficient percentage of the crop was controlled through the various a|renci§s to permit the job
being done as it should be done. The control tof bKe flow of berries to the difffeBe^ markets was touched on/'.ibutE;no definite plan for such coUttdi was suggested. The necessity fOE a good pack was again stre*sMaj»s of vital im- portance in M^vfeeting problems.
The desiifsfeHty of establishing some sort of'^^dlearing house" to which shippers dould report cur- rent informatioil and items of in- terest to (Jther shippers of this area, was diseiiSSed. This is par- ticularly trliis of' shipments which for various rfijastment such as re- screening, tiifnirt'g over to canners or a reductfow^'of price. If in- formation m siTch items could be immediately relayed to all distrib- utors through such clearing house, it would ofjen j-remove a charge of price cutting, and aid in main- taining prices.
No Decisions Reached No decisions were reached at this meeting. It was called pri- marilly to ascertain in what way the Mutual might assist the sell- ing of the crop to the very best advantage. .
Regional ,.,ni,eetings are being scheduled for Barnstable and Ply- mouth Counties, to inform the growers of what has been done to date and what is expected to be ac- complished to increase the mem- bership to the point where growers will acquire a voice in the pricing and marketing of their crop. Sl^mbership Membership' cards are now avail- able and ^l|1)e mailed out to all who hay^e.paid dues of |2 as voted at the last general meeting. All those wishing to join this pro- gressive gj-gviters' organization should not^ajt'to be asked but should cbntact the secretary at Onset, or any one of the directors in your ar«t.
We take.^yiis opportunity of thanking tji_?" representatives of the various ssites agencies who at- tended this jneeting, and hope it will be one of several which, if car- ried forwar^ 9n a high plane of
SUBSEQUENT MEETINGS OF GROWERS MUTUAL
The first open regional meeting of the Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation was scheduled to be held at Cotuit on the Cape on the evening of July 17 at 7:30. All interested growers were invited to attend. The n«eeting was arranged by Charles N. Savery, secretary of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club.
The directors and officers of the Mutual were invited by Marcus L. Urann, president of NCA to meet with officials of that coopera- tive at the Chicken House, South Middleboro the week of July 9. There was a discussion of market- ing problems.
An invitation for a similar meeting has been received from Harold E. Bryant, general manager of ACE. This meeting is to be the week of the 16th.
MASS. BLUEBERRY
GROWERS' ASSOCIA-nON
VISIT RHODE ISLAND
The 7th annual meeting of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- berry Growers' Association was held at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island, on Thsursday afternoon, July 12.
Dr. E. P. Christopher, Head of the Department of Horticulture, was host to the Massachusetts growers and, following lunch at the school cafeteria, conducted a tour of the college blueberry plant- ings. After the tour. Dr. Christo- pher and members of his staff re- ported on the results of recent ex- perimental studies in blueberry culture conducted at the college.
President Charles Cherry of the Blueberry Association arranged that members and guests meet at the Middleboro traffic circle at the junction of routes No. 28 and No. 44 at 10:00 a.m.
This meeting is being sponsored by the Southeastern Massachu- setts Blueberry Growers' Associ- ation with the cooperation of the Plymouth County and Massachu- setts Extension Service.
Late Massachusetts Developments !*
■ July- Hot and Dry
July has been a' hot and "dry month. Temperatures at the State Bog in the shelter reached 86 on three days, the 3rd, 7th and 8th. Departure from normal up to the 10th as recorded at Boston was 20 degrees plus. For the year: 899 plus.
Rainfall as recorded at the State Bog through the 10th was but .29 inches. Departure^ from normal (Bostpn) was m)-j)ias»-; .53. De- parture for the K^aij, howevei-,' (again Boston) ^Nf-as^v,. plus j 3.86 inches. -.ifj'. ■
Dryness May Hel^ Quality '
In commenting on these facts, Dr. Chester E. Cross of the'' East Wareham Station staff ■■ said : ■ he didn't believe the hot July weather was having much effect; uplohi. tire crop one way or anotJher, lE»«ept for the lightness of rain suivfar, added to the scantjjiess all. told since June 1st, might-.have .aiji/eftect upon the keeping qaulity/,- which would be definitely faygr^le. This
■being so, it would tend to increase- ■'the crop in size.
.5.50,000 Bbls.— Dr. Cross ■ He looked for a crop "not so . big that we can't sell it all. For !• a guess, I will estimate a Massa- chusetts production of about ave'f- age, say 5.')O,O00 biiTrels." (Dr. Cross has proven" aiDout right be- fol-.e.) -
The July heat was improvmg the prospects of a larger crop for next year. The sunshine factor iip teJuly first, for next year's har- vest was approximately dead nor- m'al, he added.
/APPLE CROP FORECAST AS A LARGE ONE
A large apple crop was forecast as in prospect for New England by the New England Crop Report- ing service on June 19. Estimate is above average but a little less than the very large crops of the past two years. The Nation's '51 productioh was indicated as slight- ly above average but somewhat smaller than the 1950 production. Progress of country's crop aver- ages one to two weeks earlier than last year in most important areas, but close to average.
Ocean Spray Now ' ^ Making A New Dietetic Sauce
Ocean Spray is now waking, ja. . new dietetic cranberry product that promises to be a welcome booh ' ■for consumers, on sugar free and salt free diets, NCA announces. The natural sugar content of cran- berries is ,!ow to begin 'w.ith, about ' half that of ' m9st fruits, and no sugar or salt is added to Dietetic ■ Cranberries. Sucaryl Calcium' is used- for sweetening, making the calcium content of the finished pro- duct 45 milligrams per 100 grams. The new sauce contains only '10 calories per 100 granis.
Dietetic Cranberries are packed in 12-oz. jars that show the bright, tempting color of the berries. Shipments have commenced and the new product wil soon be avail- able to retail s,tores in,, all. markets';' '„
The roots of a common weed, the oxeye, have yielded an insect-kill- ing chemical that may be more powerful than pyrethrum ^nd yet just as safe for humans.
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Ten
Peurto Ricans
(Continued from Page 5)
development. Each growfr will receive a quota and agree to pro- vide adequate facilities. A plan for such a center is being- worked on, however.
Growers who will contract for the labor include Cape Cod Cran- berry Company (Urann), A. D. Makepeace Company, J. J- Beaton Company, and these will take most of the number. There is not much interest so far in the project amoYig the smaller growers.
Massachusetts growers in yeai's of emergency labor shortage in the past have utilized Jamaicans, Ba- hamians, Kentuckians, and one year some German prisoners of war.
WELL-LIGHTED YARD MAKES FOR SAFETY
Floodlighting the yard and walks around the home or screenhouse makes for safety and security. This is made easier and cheaper by the self-contained reflector flood and projector spot lamps which will stand the weather.
Special receptacles are available for these lamps. These have swiv- el joints to make it easy to focus and direct the lights.
Recent development of a low wattage control system further reduces the installation cost be- cause wires servicing the lamps need not to be extended to the switching points, and small capac- ity wires interconnect the control switches. This means that any or all of the lights can be turned on from a number of different switch locations.
MOST LAWNS NEED LIME
Most lawns need lime. Without it, grass lacks the extra strength required to carry it through the summer.
Ralph E. Engel, turf specialist at the College of Agriculture, Rutgers University, says that lime usually is needed at the rate of 50 to 75 pounds per 1,000 square feet, every two or three years. A soil test will tell for sure if a lawn needs lime.
Early application of lime will give the most benefit to the lawn.
GOLDSWORTHY ACTIVE AT THREE LAKES WISCONSIN
Since Vernon Goldsworthy re- signed as general manager of the Fruit Growers' Cooperative at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, he has been . interested in a number of personal ventures. He resigned as general manager of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company some years ago and later took the posi- tion at Sturgeon Bay. , Hi? own marsh at Three Lakes in the Northern part of Wisconsin is now one of 75 acres and he is getting ready another I5. He also has interests in several other properties which require time.
He is considering the start of a cannery at Three Lakes, which would process a wide variety of products. Wisconsin has a bumper crop of blueberries and he plans to make a number of selections this Summer when the fruit is ripe and then next Spring set out at least 40 acres from the se- lections. He feels the native low bush has a lot of promise, if some one takes the interest to properly care for them. This would be one of the crops, besides cranberries, he would be interested- in canning. He feels the high bush variety is distinctly "out" for Wisconsin.
He has been doing considerable research work at Three Lakes with various petroleum products for weed control in cranberries. He also has been supplying Searls Jumbo vines to a grower in Canada, George Holland of Tor- onto, and also vines for two grow- ers in Michigan.
Concerning the production of cranberries in Wisconsin this year, Goldsworthy, who made some ac- curate estimates while with the Sales Company, says it is his per- sonal opinion Wisconsin will have the smallest crop in the past sev- eral years, perhaps 150-175,000 barrels. As July began he felt bloom was normal, but lots of vine growth which could mean a big crop for 1952. He is also en- couraged about price possibilities this Fall, as are many others. Wisconsin growers he says are going in more strongly for fertiliz- ing than they did at one time.
WISCONSIN GROWER PASSED AWAY
Ambrose B. Coller, who was a long-time member of the Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company, passed away at his home June 6, at the Wisconsin General Hospital at Madison. His home was at Friendship, near which his bog was located.
Mr. Coller was born in Mar- quette County on September 6, 1885. For a time he operated a box factory at Neceda. He served in the Wisconsin State Legislature as Senator, 1939-1940, represent- ing Adams, Juneau, Marquette and Monroe Counties.
» Steep slopes, fence rows, ditches broad lawns, even under water {| Jari's rigid knife cuts a yard wide II It's self-propelled ... you just guide it. Cuts up to 5 acres a day on 5 quarts of fuel I
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I Ten gallon attachment bolts on in I place of cutter. Sprays weed or bug i killer. Hose and boom for trees and water paints. See it today. ■
im WASHINGTON STBEKT WEST NEWTON 6S1 MA»».
El»vep
Mother Goose To Be In Wisconsin's Coming "Cranboree"
"Mother Goose in Cranberry- land" has been adopted as the theme for the 1951 "Cranboree" parade Saturday, September 29, at Wisconsin Rapids. This was decided by the Rapids Chamber of Commerce which sponsored the a "air for the first time last year.
The parade chairman believed that the various nursery rhyme characters and situations would offer excellent possibilities for business firms to "tie-in" with their products or services, and that floats of this type would delight children especially. The parade is expected to draw up to 50,000 peo- ple this being based upon last year's initial event. Possibility of electing stands at strategic points along the parade route in the tity is being discussed.
The chaaifefi** group in charge decided to operate two souvenir stands during the "Cranboree" and authorized the purchase of 4,000 "Cranbpree" buttons to be sold in connection with the queen contest. A supply of match-books bearing the ;ofl|cial "Cranboree" emblem have' Been ordered and will be offered to taverns and res- taurants and' other business out- lets at $15 per 1,000 to finance and advertise the event.
There will also be an "official" song of the day.
NCA Third Advance On 1950 Berries
Patronize
Our
Advertisers
CRANBERRIES
The National Cranberry Magazine
National 'Cranberry Association will pay a third advance to mem- bers for cranberries delivered to the cooperative fromr the 1950 crop, according to a recent vote of the Executive Committee.
The first advance of $5.00 was paid last Fall when the berries were delivered and a second ad- vance of $1.00 was paid in May. The third advance of $1.00 paid in June, brings the amount paid
A British scientist accidentally discovered that 2,4-D killed weeds while he was attempting to in- crease oat yields with the hormone.
Your Ability to Produce Is Vital — It Concerns Us — Let Us Tell You How We Can Help Preserve It!
Brewer & Le
■Mh-) .j:
INSURANCE 'JC^-T
40 Broad Street, Boston, MHkSl
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Twelve
so far up to $7.00 a barrel. Fur ther payment on the 1950 crop is expected in the Fall when the pool is closed.
National's financial position oB May 31, 1951, the close of the fiscal year, is the best in its history oflScials say. Sales to the civilian market made an increase of 1,00,- 000 cases over the fiscal year end ing May 31, 1950. For fiscal year ending May 31, 1949, sales were 2.510,238; fiscal year ending M«y 31, 1951 totalled 5,143,504 equiva lent cases to all markets. (Equiva^ lent being used because dehydrated berries are included).
This represented a gain of 31 percent in civilian sales while gov- ernment business including schoo lunch, canned cranberry sauce sole to the military and dehydrate( berries, brought the overall in^ crease up to 58 percent.
National has been on a current basis since January, 1951, when the carry over from a series ot bumper crops was used up. Mar- cus L. Urann, President of the co- operative, estimates that the pres- ent supply of cranberries will just about take care of Ocean Spray demand until the 1951 crop is har- vested.
PENINSULA CRANBERRY CLUB MEETS
A mid-June meeting of the Pen- insula Cranberry Club (Long Beach, Washington) fixed the date for the Annual Cranberry Field Day as August 24. D. J. Crowley spoke on the dangers of frost as there had been some injury at Graylands. Charles Nelson, Coun- ty Agent, reported that the use of 2, 4-D in certain mixtures has seemed to oflfer prorarise in com- batting horsetail and also destroy- ing young willows that spring up.
A committee was named to make plans for a cranberry float for the Saddle Club parade on July 22. Dr. J. Harold Clarke showed color slides, illustrating scenes of cran- berry culture on Cranberry Farm. A luncheon was served by Mr. and Mrs. Guido Funcke and Mrs. Red- lund.
1
-.U-
Vol, 16 No. 3 ISSUE OF JULY 1951
[J^^^^'^^^u^^
THIS YEAR HAD BETTER BE BETTER
WITH harvest time now only a matter of a few weeks away, this climax of the year is being awaited with unusual interest. This is probably a more crucial year than many. With the bugaboo of the surplus considered to be overcome, the courage of the growers, from its lowest ebb, has been rising. In all areas the producers seem to anticipate a better "break" price-wise this year.
There will be tremendous disappoint- ment and undoubtedly very adverse effect upon the industry if this does not come about. Fortunately there al-e many indi- cations and omens for better results. In- dustrial activity is high throughout the country. Unemployment is low. For in- stance, figures for unemployment in the heart of the Massachusetts cranberry area are way down, insignificant compared to a year ago. In this, witness the decision to hire imported labor again, for the first time in a number of years.
Buying power of the consumer should not be an adverse factor, despite certain "softness" economists note here and there. The problem is to induce the public to buy cranberries in sufficient quantity to clean up the crop in both fresh sales or for ordi- nary processing needs at prices which bring the necessary margin of profit to the grow- ers. This effort the industry seems to be wholeheartedly making from the ground up. "Grower-level", so called, has become market conscious in the extreme. The dis- tributors, perhaps, have become more conscious of the necessity for increasing emphasis upon "merchandising" the crop, of extending sales to new areas and spread- ing these out over the year in processed berries.
Certainly this "grower-level" is watch- ing closely to see what the distributing end of the industry will do with the 1951 pro- duction. The industry has "dug in" on market thinking this year. It would seem that all this concentration upon selling ef- fort must pay off.
TT is interesting to note that the Cranberry Growers' Mutual at its meeting of its board of directors at Wareham, did get the major Massachusetts distributors to meet with it as guests and discuss marketing plans and better promotion problems. Many
JRANBKRRIKS - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
AdvertisinK rates upon application
i/iitpiflii
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALI^-Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
Nevr Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
*.»;sN«w Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Vi [3.f\i Pemberton, New Jersey
felt that executives of the two major co- ops and independent agencies would never be induced to accept such an invitation. What will come of this remains to be seen. But there is the common meeting ground X)i^X the big crops we are now producing HJUst be moved, to work on as a starting point.
CO Mother Goose is coming to the cran-
^ berry industry out in the Wisconsin
, "Cranboree" of next fall. We trust there
„ ,wiU be no other fantasy or make-believe
for the growers at that time. .
Thirteen
ROBERT A. TAFT
Plans Progress For COP Rally at Plymouth-Carver
Accommodations Planned For Nearly 2,000 at Eda- ville -Clambake, with 10,000 Expected at Ply- mouth Rock Ceremony.
Plans are progressing for the
big Republican rally Sunday, July 29, at which Senator Robert A. Taft is to be the principal speaker and which wil linclude a huge clambake at Edaville, South Car- ver, Mass. At least 10,000 are ex- pected to be present at Plymouth with provisions being m'ade for nearly 2,000 at the bake, which is being put on by Norman Holmes of the cranberry industry.
Emphasis of the addresses is to be a return to "Plymouth Rock Principles," as much of the pro- gram is to be in that historic town, which is next door to Carver. The Taft address will be broadcast on a nationwide NBC hookup, as well as other portions of the program at Plymouth Rock. Congressman Joseph W. Martin, Jr., minority leader in the House of Representa- tives, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., Senator Leverett Saltonstall and Congressman Donald W. Nich- olson of Wareham, Massachusetts will be other speakers.
Included in the program will be a Pilgi-im breakfast with a menu patterned after typical New Eng- land fare and served by Mayflower descendents in Colonial costume, and a church service in the histor- ic First Pilgrim Church.
This GOP rally in the heart of
ALSO CRANBERRY PRUNING MACHINES
C. &L. EQUIPMENT CO.
p. p. CRANDON
1191 Main St. Tel. Rochester 89-3
ACUSKNET, MASS.
H. C. LEONARD
191 LEONARD ST.
Tel. New Bedford
3-43.32
cranberry-land looks like one of the biggest events in a number of years.
POLYPLOIDY IN FRUIT IMPROVEMENT
by George M. Darrow "
(Dr. Darrow i« iirincipal Horticulturist of tht United .States Department of Atrricultiire at the famous Beltsvillc, M''-yInnd *^lant Industries Station. The following: is a reprint, in part, from the nublication of thr Society for Horticul- tural Science, with permission of Dr. Darrow) .
In the early 1920's certain little red raspberry varieties which I was then using in breeding had very stout canes with notably broad and thick leaves. Their leaves seemed more resistant, to disease than many related varieties then widely cultivated. This char- acter made them desirable for parental stock. However, when crossed with the more common varieties the seedlings produced were relatively sterile. In 1923, Longley (19) found that the com- mon varieties of raspberry had 14 chromosomes in each of their somatic or vegetative cells; that is, they had two sets of seven chromosomes and therefore were diploids. On further examination he discovered that the stout-caned, broad-and thick-leafed group had four sets, or 28 chromosomes pei cell, and that the hybrids between these and the.- common varieties
■ had three sets, or 21 chromosomes, per cell. Both of these latter types
. are classed as polyploids — forms in which three or more basic sets of chromosomes occur in' the somatic cells, The one with four sets is called a tetraploid; that with three sets is classed as a tri- l)loid. It was further found that the relative sterility of the tri- ploid hybrids was a result of, an unbalanced chromosome system Thus, over a quarter century agu I was forced to .take polyploidy in- to account in breeding programs — and it has been an ever-present factor in research on the fruit* with which I have since worked.
Having found such a condition in raspberry, Longley (17) made a chromosome survey of the sfraw-
Faurteea
b«rry where similar problems had appeared. In that fruit the na- tive .-wild woodland strawberry (FV'agaria vesca var. americana) was found to be diploid; an open- woodland wild strawberry of cen- tral Europe (F moschata) was fopnd te be heaxploid; while our corrrmpn-wild meadow strawberry (F. vii-gjniana) and all cultivated garden , strawberries were octa- ploid, with eig'jjt'sets of chromo- somes.
Longley (16) had previously surveyed the blackberries- i and found a polyploid series ranging from 2 to 12 sets of chromosomes.. He. also surveyed, the blueberry group (18) for F. V. Coville and found three groups: diploid, tera- ploid, and hexaploid.
In the raspberry, the tetraploids have , strong stocky canes with large thrifty le'aves in comparison with the diploid. In the straw- berry, the hexaploid is sturdier than the diploid, and the octaploid strongerthan the hexaploid. In the blueberi;y, tetraploids and hexd-V ploids of the same species-group are generally somewhat more vig- orous than the diploids. In the blackberry there are strong-grow- ing-'^ species' in each chromosome grdUp, some of the diploids hav- irti' '■'•about the^same vigor as some of the 12-ploid group. But it is plainly evident that the 12-ploid blackberries bear a .very different relationship to the ; diploid black- berries from that of the tetraploid raspberries or blueberries to their respective ■ diploids. >if'true under- standing of the effect of poly- p't6idy= arid the .lisb of polyploid iiiaterial in breeding in any group rrlust be based on a . knowledge 6{ the relationship of the poly- ploids to the lower-chromosome species and forms in that group.
The story of' the evolution of the groups from which our small fruits have bfen' derived is shroud- ed in the mist of , the geological past. A botanical friend of mine, particulai'ly --interested in such tiriings, informs me that each year evidence is being uncovered, in- dicating that flowering plants were present much longer ago than we have been suspecting. . There is excellent evidence that, could we
have walked about in the land a million years ago, we would have found many plants much as they are today. There would have been quite recognizable strawberries; various blackberries would have been present, among them the direct ancestors of our present western trailing sorts as well as the eastern forms; and the blue- berries already would have been sorted out into various lowbush and highbush kinds.
There is little question that some of these strawberries, black- berries of a million years ago were almost identical with some now living in our .^ woodlands and inea'dows, and neai' ihyi^t seejiagcs and streams; yet could we com- pare those with the living we also would be able to detect another series of changes. Sometjf these changes have been very slov\';^ — the gradual evolution which one' might expect over a long period of time. But had we been present throughout the period and able to wateh these changes, it also would have been evident that evo- lution did not always proceed at a steady pace, for outside factors ofteJi influence and accelerate the ■
development of new and different sorts. There is excellent evidence that, in the blackberries there has been a. fairly recent and extremely rapid development of .new forms — even within the last ■"^00. years; the blueberries also have been evolving for a very long time, but certain types seem, to have appeared only within the last century, arid there is abundant evidence that newer .foims are currently' being evolved ,in the wild. The majority of these ape polyploids.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITri |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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I'KdVUlIONCK, K. 1. |
IIi.;jUilis |
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37U Aliens Avenue |
1-loUO |
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I'rospect |
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(Ki Foley Street |
C-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILt. |
Andover |
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3-_3n50 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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165 E. 44th Street |
2-fi490 |
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PHILADELPHIA. PA. |
Radcliflf |
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2700 Roberts Ave. |
5-3540 |
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Greenfield |
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1719' S. ,,S3rrl St. |
K-2630 |
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LOS ANGBliEa, Calif. |
Madison |
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Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0B79 | |
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Service in 48 |
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Fifteen
Blue Wry
The development of the blue- '^erry occurred within the lifetime ^%)f most of those present. But the development of the blueberry as a fruit has occurred through millions of years, ari^^teolyploidy has play- ed a large ^rt in the process. The cluster-fiuited^^e^rries in which scientists aieMnt^ested M'e most- ly eastern North Ameri^n.^tThere are about seven or efght.>-(li|ilc«d seven or eight 'wtjragloi^
the drauffht • and heat • reiistant hexaploids V. amoenum and V.
ashei (the rabbiteye) have evolved — the rabbiteye with the most vig- orous and productive bush of all blueberries. The hexaploid V. amoenum is widely distributed in the southern States and may have evolved before the iTce'- Ages from the diploid V. tenelYBrnf^The hexa- ploid rabbiteye apfieaTs to be -^younger, seemingly having devel-
ing to find both diploids and tetra- ploids of several of the same types of blueberries still growing in the same areas. Evolution in the wild is very active in this fruit today, just as it is in the blackberry. Several blueberry species are im- portant in that their fruit is har- vested in the wild, but those that have been most injportant in the origin of cultivated varieties are the tetraploid highbush, mostly of the Atlantic Coastal region, the tetraploid lowbush of the North- east, and the hexaploid rabbiteye of southern Georgia and northern Florida.
In the Southern States one an- cient species is the diploid Vaccin- ium tenellum, a low-bush drought- and heat-resistant form. In part from this species and also from a series of common ancestral species
species,
species, and three , -,hexai)l<S'd{?^pea, in part, only within "the last species. It is particularly interest- <^ j^(^ io 20,000 years, much of
<^thi§\cde,yelopment having taken placje ^ly:;Within the last century. The majoi;jty^f^ the plants of it found in *^i^ern ^lorida grow in what Were "isRe 'flelds, which the rabbiteye bhielferry' inyaded when the plantations were abandoned during the war betv^een-the states. We have found n8 tetraploid of the rabbiteye gro\^. -j^We there- fore crossed the .dij^i<f with the hexaploid and this '?aH .year have obtained a tetraploid, -this has al- ready been used to crbsS with the highbush to obtaijj' hl^brids with the earliness of thf^<J)ig|ibush and the plant qualities dif^JJ^eVabbiteye. Though we have experimentally produced a new and, ^e hope, very useful species just ^tfti^^ past year, it is hardly possiW&>;tljat nature has not already eyol|:ed this or closely similar speQies,*^ for the
RYANIA
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hexaploid and diploid species arc growing together in the South. As occurs so often, we have not suffi- ciently surveyed what nature has done for us, and, in this case, have found it easier to make what we want.
Stanley Johnson surveyed the lowbush blueberry of Michigan to select the best individuals for crossing with the highbush. Among the selections was Mich- igan lowbush No. 1. It seems to be, however, what we had been searching for — a tetraploid hybrid involving genes both of the very hardy light blue Canadian blue- berry, Vaccinium mytrilloides, and of the lowbush species. It is prob- able that an unreduced pollen grain of the diploid Canadian blueberry fertilized a normal egg of tetra- ploid lowbush to produce the Mich- igan No. 1, or its ancestor. At any rate, in this selection, or in others yet to be discovered, we should find some of the desirable qualities of this Canadian blue- berry species which we wish to utilize in breeding.
•'■ Cranberry
There are at present three recog- nized species of cranberry in the world; two are diploid and the third is tetraploid. As in the case of the blueberry, the diploid and tetraploid cranberries do not cross. The large acreages of cultivated varietitis are now composed en- tirely of diploids, derived from the southern species. A more norther- ly and hardier species is tetraploid. To cross the commerical diploid varieties with the wild tetraploid, Derman and Bain proceeded as follows: they used colchicine to produce tetraploids of a majority of the cultivated varieties; these
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were then crossed with individuals of the more northerly wild tetra- ploid. The induced tetraploids of the cultivated varieties have been crossed and selfed, and these are now in the field for fruiting tests. The results are most promising. As yet there has been no oppor- tunity to cross the extremely hardy l.igh-arctic diploid species with the southern, commercial diploid varieties. When this is done, the best of the resultant hybrids could then be changed into tetra- ploids by the use of colchicine; fol- lowing this the material then could be hybridized with the best of the new tetraploids races now under- going field tests. The final se- lections would probably be a series of new super-hardy cranberries.
569. 4. ■
1923.
Chromosomes in Vac-
cinium. Science .56: 567-568. 1927.
5. , and Darrow, Geo M.
Cytological studies in diploid and polyploid forms in raspberries.
Jour.
1924. 6. —
Agr. Res. 27: 737-748. , and Darrow, G. M.
Origin of the Logan and the Mam- moth blackberries. Jour. Heredity
39: 99-107. 1948.
LITERATURE CITED
1. Camp, W. H., Fischer, H. E., and Derman, Haig. Chromosome numbers in Vaccinium and related groups. BiL Torrey Club 71: 498- 506. 1944.
2. ,and Bain, H. F. Peri-
clinal and total polyploidy in cran- berries induced by colchicine. Proc. Amer. See. Hort. Sci. 38: 400. 1941.
3. Longley, A. E. Cytological studies in the genera rubus and Crataegus. Amer. Nat. 57: 568-
JULY is the month when the least effort is desirable.
Let ELECTRICITY
Lighten your burden — in your home, in your cranberry work.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM Tel. 200
PLYMOUTH
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Eatmor Cranberries
THE CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE EQUIPPED WITH FACILITIES FOR SCREENING AND PACKAGING THE CROPS OF IT'S MEMBERS.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
9 Station Street
SALES COMPANY
TELEPHONE 200
Middleboro, Mass.
With displays like this, Grand Cash Markets in Al- bany, N. Y., raised Ocean Spray sales from a weekly average of 4 — 7 cases to 70 cases during the week of May 10, 1951 when Chicken and Cranberry promotion was featured.
IT TAKES GOOD MARKETING TO SELL 4,267,979 CASES
That was Ocean Spray's sales record to civilian markets for the fiscal year just ended — a gain of 1,020,376 cases over a year ago. Govern- ment business brought the 12 months increase up to 1,885,220 equivalent cases or 58 '/f more cranberries.
TOTAL SALES
May 31, 1949 — June 1, 1950 Equivalent Case
Barrel Equivalent
296,207 3,258,284
May 31, 1950 — June 1, 1951 Barrel Case
Equivalent Equivalent
467,591 5,143,504
Your membership in National Cranberry Associ- ation is your assurance of a growing cranberry market for your crops.
National Cranberry Association
The Growers' Cooperative Branches at:
Hanson, Massachusetts Onset, Massachusetts St. Johns Canada
North Harwich, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey North Chicago, Illinois
Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington Long Beach, Washington
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Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The weather, labor, and size of our crop are the popular subjects of conversation among cranliorry R'rowers as we near the harvest season. A few bogs weie showing- evidence of dry weather, but showers occurring July 28 and 29 relieved temporarily the drouth I)roblem. From May 30 to August 1, only 2.87 inches of rain has been lecorded here at the Cranberry .Station, which is definitely below normal. The rainfall in August can be an important factor in de- termining the size of our crop. The drouths of the last few sea- sons have taught us that, when bogs begin to really suffer from lack of moisture, it is very diffi- cult to properly irrigate them. Dr. Franklin suggests that bogs shouTd be irrigated before the damage becomes aparent. Growers have been keeping the water well up in their ditches since early .July. Some bogs have been flash flowed. Overhead irrigation equip- ment has paid good dividends this .season.
Lalior Problem This Fall
The harvest labor proljleni could be serious this Fall. A special cranberry labor committee, in co- operation with the Division of Em- pl(jyment Security, has completed arrangements for the importation of approximately 300 Puerto Ricans for the harvest season. These men have been contracted for the period September 1 to De- cember 1, 1951. As usual, there are m'any details involved with the importation of labor. The man who guided this special project is "Frank" Butler, chairman of the cranberry labor committee. He has performed an excellent service for the industry.
We have had about a normal fruit-worm season to-dalc (Au-
gust 1). However, fruit worms have been more plentiful this year than last. A few more growers eacli year are adopting Dr. Frank- lin's technique of counting fruit- woi-m eggs in order to properly time their control measures. The second brood of black-headed flreworms have been more of a problem than during the last two or three years. The new brood of weevils that appear around na'id- July have also been more preva- lent this year than last. Blunt- nosed leafhoppers are still too plentiful on many bogs. Grub- flowed bogs should be carefully checked for cut worms that usu- ally appear ten to twelve days after the grub flow has been re- moved.
In the June issue of CRANBER- RIES, under this article "Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes", Dr. Cross presented some very timely information on the control of ditch weeds. Growers who haven't read this material will find it well worth their time. Au- gust is a good month to check ditch weeds. Dr. Cross also points out that pitchforks, asters, wild bean, and fireweeds can be checked using sodium arsenate in n knapsack spra.yer. He recommends 1 oz. of sodium arsenate to a knapsack sprayer-full of water for the con- trol of the above weeds. Sodium arsenate should not be used after August 20 because of poisonous residues. Copper sulfate can be used in August to control fire- weeds and pitchforks as outlined in the weed chart. Wherever pos- sible, the shores and dikes around the bogs should be mowed. This is considered a good weed control practice, according to Dr. Cross.
Annual Growers' Meeting
The 04th annual meeting of the
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation will be held Tuesday, August 21, at the Cranberry Sta- tion in East Wareham, beginning proaiptly at 9:30 a. m. An excel- lent speaking program has been arranged for both the morning and afternoon session. There will be a demonstration of hydraulic sand- ing under the supervision of the Agricultural Engineering Depart- ment of the Univei'sity of Massa- chusetts. Dinner will be served by the ladies of the Wareham Metho- dist Church. C. D. Stevens, of the New England Crop Reporting Ser- vice, will present his official crop estimate. President Melville C. Beaton announces that all cran- hery growers and their families are cordially invited to attend this important meeting.
Annual Harvest Festival of NCA Two-Day Affair
Annual cranberry harvest festi- val of NCA in October is to be held over a two-day period this year rather than crammed into a single day. Another change is that part of the affair is to be held at Ply- mouth instead of all at Edaville.
Program as tentatively drawn up is for a parade, festival dance and other events at Plymouth on the 12th, Columbus Day. The 13th will see the mammoth chicken barbecue with cranberry sauce served under the pines at Edaville. There will be a cranberry dish con- test and displays of cranbeiiy equipment.
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Twa
Edaville Is Scene of Huge Clambake At Rally of Massachusetts Republicans
Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio was top guest with many other notables present — main event was his address at Plymouth Rock, nationally broadcasted and televised to half the nation.
With a Kiiiile of enjoynrent, and wearing a brakeman's cap jauntil- ly upon his head, Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, whom many rec- ognize as a foremost statesman of til is country Sunday afternoon, July 29 arrived at Edaville, South ( 'iiiver, Mass. He was in the cab of the "famous" No. 7 locomotive of the nai'row-K'uap:e I'ailroad. Fourten cars made uji the train. Mr. Taft had gotten on at anothei- station along the line. He was at Edaville to enjoy a real Cape Cod clambake, to make a brief speech and then to be taken to Plymouth Rock foi' a major political addi-ess which was nationally broadcast and the spectacle televised over the eastern half of the United States.
The all-day occasion, which was arranged by the Plymouth County Republi^^in club was i*ssiKnated as "A Pilgrimage to Plymouth," and, stressed in the addresses, by leading Republicans was the urgent need of a government at Washington which would return to the fundamentals of honesty and freedom of the individuals, as es- tablished by the Pilgrim's in 1620. It was a day, partly in holiday spirit, as at the clambake, but mostly it was devoted to serious considei'ations.
Many Notables
Notables besides Senatoi' Taft included. Congressman Joseph W. Martin, Jr., Republican National Committeeman Sinclair Weeks; Massachusetts members of the congress, Donald W. Nicholson, l/'vei-ett Satlonstall, and Henry Cabot Lodge.
First event of the day was a "Pilgrim Breakfast" at one of Plymouth's most historic houses, the Harlow House. Breakfast con- sisted of traditional fish cakes and beans. It was served by women in Pilgiim costumes.
At 10:31) religious service was
held at the First Pilgrim Church, Plymouth.
1400 Eat Clams at Edaville
Then came a long motor caval- cade to Edaville and the bake. Approximately 1400 were served at this bake which was put on undei- the direction of Norman V. Holmes of ('aiver, a cranberry grower.
When No. 7 pulled into the main Edaville station, Taft was sub- jected to a tremendous barrage of flash bulks, and the first oflScial step was a presentation to "Mr. Republican" of a cranberry scoop filled with Ocean Spray gift items. Presentation was by Miss Bev- erly Richards, 1950 National Cran- berry Association Queen. Pre- sented with scoops and the cran- berry gifts also were Senators Lodge and Saltonstall.
To handle the crowds there were the chiefs of police and scores of officers from a number of towns through which at one time or an- other the route of the cavalcade lay. Cameramen, still and movie, reporters, feature writers covei'ed all of the events, including Eda- ville.
At the Plymouth Rock program there were many Plymouth people wearing Pilgrim' costumes. This program was presided over by Robert Bradford, former governor of Massachusetts, who is a ninth- generation descendent of Governor Bradford of the Plymouth Colony.
Many of the cranberry industry were present during the day. Noted were M. L. Urann, Miss Ellen Stillman of NCA; E. C. McGrew (and Mrs. McGrew) and Miss Elizabeth C. McNally of ACE.
There were concerts at Plymouth and other events which included the colorful Warren (Rhode Island) Indian band. This has ap- peared at several cranberry func- tions.
tM*
WESTERN PICKERS Inc.
1172 Hemlock Avenue Coos Bay, Oregon
Machine picking is a ne- cessity to the small grower.
The Western Picker has kept the small grower who has owned one, in business during the past two years.
The large grower has more reserves, can get the best help, and can wait longer for the upturn in the market, but the small grow- er is continually up against the problem of paying out good money for incompetent help. This same money, put out for a Western Picker, makes the small grower in- dependent of the vagaries of hired help.
One man with 10 acres or less can do all his picking alone with a Western Pick- er.
Many women are operat- ing Western Pickers. It is not strength that is required, but a little know-how.
With our new added mo- tor friction clutch to stop the belt, our new motor controls and better bearings, we feel that the 1951 Model West- ern Picker is fool-proof.
Let one of our agents in Washington, Wisconsin or Massachusetts show you a new 1951 Model. You can still get one before picking season starts. (Advt.)
in iWaM «!#» TbrM
\^ ^J^^'LCRANBERW^,,^^^^^^
ISSUE OF AUGUST 1951 — VOL. 16. NO. 4
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered an aecond-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8, 187».
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
It seems extremely difficult to reconcile variious views of the Massachusetts crop of 1951, but then this is almost always true. It would seem that some growers will have bumpers, or at least ex- cellent, while others do not look forward to much fruit.
A best guess as of August 6th is that production will be average or better — much will depend on late water. By the first of August early water berries had sized up to above normal and the season was well advanced for early pick- ing.
July Another Dry Month
July was a month of about half normal rainfall for the cranberry area as recorded at the State Bog at East Wareham. The total for the .31-day period was 1.49 inches. Tompeiatures were above norm'al and humidity was excessive.
May Have Lessened Quantity Prospects
As regards quality of the crop, it was said at the Experiment Sta- tion that the month had probably been slightly favorable, if anything, rather than unfavorable. As to size of the crop it had probably decreased this, because of the lack of i-ainfall as a total and because there had been long periods when there was no precipitations.
Fruitworm Slightly More Abundant
l''ruitworm has been more aliun- dant than normal this season, and therefore has presumably caused more damage to the crop than average. Losses from this insect, however, have probably been only slightly above nor'mal, because for onr' thing, growers hav(' been on
foHr
the alert to provide the pi-opor controls.
Personals Dr. Henry J. Franklin and Mrs. Franklin attended a gathering of the Franklin family at Guilford, New Hampshire, over the week- end of the 28th of July. MoPe than 80 were present.
J. Richard Beattie, State Cran- berry Specialist, with family is spending a vacation until August 20 with his parents in Vermont.
Dr. Frederick B. Chandler of the Experiment Station left Au- gust 4th to spend some time in the Wisconsin cranberry area. He is to be a speaker at the annual meeting of the Wisconsin Cran- berry Growers' Association at Wisconsin Rapids on August 14th. His topic will be the research work at the Massachusetts station. Mrs. Chandler and children ac- companied him, they going on to Minneapolis to visit Mrs. Chand- ler's family.
turned out to be exceptionally high, and growers have used sprays and dusts intensively.
WISCONSIN
May Frost Losses Somewhat Overcome
Some of the frost damage which took place in May has been over- come by an exceptionally fine set of fruit. This is true primarily of the Northern areas, as seen by the end of July.
Second Brood Fireworm Bad
The second brood of Fireworm was as bad as it was expected it might be. Many growers switched back to airplane dusting with new insecticides. Results were excel- lent.
Kruitworm
Egg counts for Fi'iiitworm havi
New Weed Control Experiments
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- ]jany, in con.iunction with one of the chemical companies has been working on a new weed control program. A petroleum product is not being used.
Crop Ahead of Last Year
It was the estimate of "Del' Hammond of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company as July ended that the crop was about ten days ahead of last year, on the average. Growing conditions during the lat- ter part of the month were very good.
Many Bumble Bees
As of about July 20 most of the marshes were from 1 to % out of bloom. There have been an exceptionally large number of bumble bees working the mar'shes this year.
Two Injured by Clippers
Jack MuUoway of Tomah was badly injured while operating a weed clipper and spent several weeks in bed. He recovered nicely and is up and around again. A similar accident happened to New- ell Jasporson of Cranmoor, but his recovery was progressing nicely.
Personal
Ml-, and Mrs. Dan B. Rezin, (Dan being the son of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Rezin), arepaients of a baby boy.
NEW JERSEY
June-July, Cool and Dry
Since it was not reported in the last issue, the June weather will
be iiioliulod here. At Peiiibcrtnu. both months were definitely cool and dry. The rainfall was however, fairly well spaced over the two month period.
June had an average tempera- ture of 69.3 degrees, which was 2.7 degrees below normal of 72. There was 2.79 inches of rainfall, which was 1.74 inches below the normal of 4.63.
The average July temperature was 74.1 degrees or 1.9 degi'ees be- low normal of 76. The July rain- fall was 3.07 inches or 1.15 inches below normal of 4.22.
July Hail Storm
On July 16, a severe hailstorm struck the Medford area and de- stroyed the crop on the Gerber tract of Evans and Will. No other bog reported a serious loss. CroD Will Be Shorter
The New Jersey crop will be definitely shorter than last year.
OREGON
More Work on Bogs
The ever-present weed problem is keeping growers busy this Sum- mer. So many bogs were neglected per force, during the past several years of low returns that they be- came in bad shape. Now, with hopes of better prices this Fall there is a reviving interest in keeping properties in better condi- tion.
Labor Situation Tough
The labor situation this vear is
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espocially tougli, because the Ban- don aiea has become more of a lumbering center and that indus- try is paying- the highest prices in years. Growei's are resorting to machine work as much as pos- sible, especially in harvesting, but must do much of the routine work themselves.
Oldest Bog Changes Hands
Kaye Howard has purchased the Reuben Lyons bog. This bog is probably the oldest one in Coos County.
WASHINGTON
E.xtreme Drouth
Western Washington on the opening days of August was still experiencing it's greatest drouth, with no rain in sight. There has ben practically no rain since April and crops of all kinds are taking a beating.
Bogs Spotty
D. J. Crowley visited Grayland and the Humptulips cranberry sec- tions the last of July and found the crop very spotty. Growers who watched frosts and have kept up their spray program during the past two or three years have bumper crops.
He found a tendency, however
among all growers to get back to more intensive cranberry work on their bogs. He also finds the feel- ing of optimism about prices for the 1951 crop and there is a better all-around attitude.
Crop May Be Larger In Dr. Crowley's opinion the Washington crop will be some- what larger than that of last year.
Lecanium Scale
Lecanium scale was hatching by July 21 on the bogs and growers were being much concerned with proper control measures. In fact it was hatching- earlier than antici- pated. Last year the hatch was slow, and late, with many eggs still unhatched by the end of Au- gust. This year by the first of Au- gust the hatch was almost com- plete.
Crowley Suggests Control Methods
Methods of control suggested by J. D. Crowley of the E.xperiment Station at Long Beach has been Parathion, or Medicide, with most growers probably using Nicotine Sulphate (Black Leaf 40) or a recommended Nicotine Sulphate with oil. Recommendation for Nicotine Sulphate alone), was 1
(Continued on Page 16)
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
— •—
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write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
fin
The Is I
. Little Fellow" With Keen Interest mportant To Success Of Any Industry
1 a Man in Cranberries ia Charles N. Saverv of fl
Sucli a Man in Cranberries is Charles N. Savery of Cape Cod — Is Director of New Cranberry Mutual. Secretary Upper Cape Club — As Civil Engineer Worked on Atomic Energy Project.
by Clarence J. Hall It is not always the "big men" who make an industry prosperous. The "little fellow" often contributes as much — in one way, alone, by being intensely interested. This is the story of a "little fellow" in the cranberry business, who went away from Cape Cod, but came back home to grow cranberries.
He is Charles N. Savery of Cotuit. His major occupation, at pres- ent, is that of civil engineer and surveyor. Yet, he is secretary of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club, one of the directors of the recently- formed Cranberry Growers' Mutual, and otherwise interested in all cranberry affairs. He feels that being active in cranberry matters is his duty.
Mr. Savery was born in Cotuit, September 25, 1907, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Savery. Savery (Savary, Savory) is one of the oldest names in Massachu- setts, the common ancestor, Thomas Savary "being of Ply- mouth" by about 1630. His father had a shoe store in Cotuit and sent a wagon on sales trips over the Cape. His maternal grand- father was George Newcomb, Newcomb, is also a "good old" ('ape Cod name, and like so many (■ape Cod men, he was a sea cap- tain; going to sea when he was 12. Neither of Charles Savery's parents were cranberry growers.
Built First Bog in 1932
His family moved to Falmouth when he was small and there he attended school. After school he went to Boston, where he worked in a brokerage house and went to the Bentley School of Accounting. He returned to Cotuit in 1932 and began to build a small cranberry bog on Putnam Avenue, where he now lives. His other bog property is at East Sandwich, which he bought in 1946. It is a five-acre piece, although he can put in two more acres, or so. He can also expand the property at Cotuit, which he also hopes to do — as soon as the cranberry business becomes prosperous again. However, he did not stay in Cotuit.
Became A Surveyor
During the depression years he took several different jobs in and
Six
around Boston. Finally he landed a job as a rodnran in a survey party for the Geodetic Survey, Massachusetts Highway Depart- ment, his employment in this last- ing five years, a part of which was working in the western part of Massachusetts. As the result of taking an extension course in mathematics and surveying he be- came party chief, that is, the man in charge of a survey group of three of four men.
He left State employ and went to work in the sanre line witli Charles T. Main Incorporated, an engineering firm, of Boston. One of his jobs with them was in sur- vey work for the construction of the big U. S. Army training cen- ter, Camp Edwards on the Cape. There were 16 survey groups and he was head of one. Their work consisted of making surveys for camp highways, sewer, waterlines and building sites.
He had been a mera'ber of the National Guard since 1937, and in January, 1941, was called up for active service. He was assigned to duty — to Camp Edwards, which he had helped to construct. He served about a year there and was released from active duty, finally being discharged from the Army in June, 1945.
Following his release he went back to the employ of Main and was sent to Jackson, Mississippi. He was a year at Jackson and then six months at Grenada, also Mississippi.
Met Future Wife in South
His next job was the building of a powder manufacturing plant at Kingston, Tennessee. This was to mark an important point in his life. Working in the same office, was a Miss Marian Furian. Six months after meeting, she and Mr. Savery were married.
Sometime later Mr. and Mrs. Savery decided to change positions again and went to the now famed Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where he was area construction engineer for about two years, working on the atomic energy plant. In 1946 with the completion of the plant, Mr. Savery felt he had enough of the South and would like to return to Cape Cod, settle down, and en- gage in cranberry growing. Mrs. Savery concurred in the plan.
Back to The Cape
They had a house waiting, the one which he had built in 1939, in spare time, doing a large part of the construction himself. This house is at the Cotuit bog site. He also has a second house there.
Entering into cranberry work he found his engineering experience and training stood him in good stead. An instance of this was in properly draining his Sandwich bog. This bog has underground springs and has always been too wet. At one point in this he built a gravel well by sinking a steel casing down through the peat and filling the casing with gravel. When the casing was removed,
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
water seeped Jiito the gravel in- stead of saturating the bog. He also put in tile pipe to drain wet areas. He hopes eventually to eliminate all the central ditches with the installation of drain tile. For one thing this would cut out the cost of keeping the ditches clean and, he believes help to con- trol weeds.
In Marketing He is a Cooperater
In his marketing arrangements Mr. Savery decided to be a co- operator and at once joined Na- tional Cranberry Association, of which he remains a member. It has been stated he is secretary of the Upper Cape Club and a Mutual director. He is also a member of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. He is a member of the Cape Cod Society of Land Surveyors and the American Society of Military Engineers. He is active in town affairs, Cotuit being a village of the town of Barnstable, and is one of the Barn- stable Park Commissioners and is on the Playground and Rec- reation Conmi'ission. He is a Mason, his affiliation being the Charles H. McKinney Lbdge of Knoxville, Tennessee. Believes Mutual Vital to Growers
As concerns his active interest in the new Growers' Mutual, he says, "If we can make a success of this idea of the Mutual, it will be the biggest thing that has hap- pened within the cranberry indus- try for a long time. In the Mutual we have something that can speak for the grower himself in relation to crop marketing." Explaining- further, he feels it is absolutely necessary that the grower take this active interest in the dispo- sition of his crop. He conceives this must be done, if the grower is to survive as a cranberry grower. He says he has no axe to grind, in respect to marketing, but feels only the grower must look out for his own interests. "This is strictly his business."
Mr. Savery formerly screened his own fruit, but his crops are now turned over in the rough to NCA. In his harvesting he uses a Western Picker. Without this mechanical harvester, he feels it would not have been possible for him to pick at all in recent years
:Gi\ri:w
Savery, almost inevitable ciear in hand
stands in front of his home.
CRANBERRIES Photo)
because of high scooping costs.
Hobby — Carpentry
For hobbies, Mr. Savery has none, he says, unless it is these two — a never-ending interest in cranberries, his conscientious at- tendance at many, many industry meetings, and perhaps that he "likes to do a little carpentry for the fun, now and then."
WINDFALL TREES FOR FARM LUMBER
Windfall trees resulting from storms can be a cheap source of lumber. Trees sawed into lumber by local sawmills will ordinarily not cost the farmer more than $50 a thousand board feet. Bought lumber often exceeds $100 per thousand board feet.
Since many farm buildings need repairs, the windfall trees can help
Edaville Railroad Conducting Contest
For Photographers
Edaville Railroad at South Car- ver, Mass., is now sponsoring a photo contest, running from Au- gust .5th to September 5th. All photos submitted must be made in the confines railroad-cranberry property, and only amateurs may be contestants. It is a contest for black and white prints, only.
First award is $100; second, $.50; third, $25; fourth, $10; three of $5 each, and consolation prizes of cranberry products.
keep down the costs.
For some purposes the lumber can be used unseasoned. For oth- er purposes proper drying is neces- sary.
Near Future Will Bring Cranberry Scarcities Rather Than Surpluses
So M. L. Urann Tells More Than 400 Attending An- nual NCA Meeting a t Hanson. Mass., Provided Ocean Spray Sales Con- tinue to Gain at Present Rate.
More than 400, one of the larg- est attendances on record, were present at the annual meeting of National Cranberry Association at the main plant, Hanson, Massachu- setts, July 17. They heard Presi- dent M. L. Urann express not only confidence in the marketing of the crop this Fall, but state that if year-round sales of processed fruit continue at the present rate there will not be enough cranberries grown to meet markets and he did not dare to prophecy the success of the industry ten years from now.
"The cranberry industry is the soundest in the world", he assert- ed. "It is not done for." He add- ed that if the quantity of berries to be disi30sed of this fall should be a million barrels, NCA stood ready to market half of that amount.
In a question and answer period he made probably the first public estimate of what the price might be expected by the growers for the 1951 crop. He said, as the pros- pects appeared at that time, the outlook was for "better than $12 a barrel". To a question of "|20 a barrel?" he replied "No."
The National, he said, had al- ready paid $7.00 a barrel from the 1950 crop and hoped to make the final return to growers "up to $8 or $9 a barrel") some time in Oc- tober. As to having the necessary cans for use this fall he said NCA had been placed in class "A" rath- er than "B" for allotment and he foresaw obtaining all the cans needed, likewise sugar and other supplies.
Businesslike Meeting
This was a quieter, more busi- ness-like meeting of the National than many others in the past, with no extraneous features, such as music cr entertainment. The pro- gram, opening at 10 a. m., consist- ed of reports, beginning with that of the treasurer, John C. Make-
tm AUTOMATIC POWER DRIVEN
* SMOOTH RUNNING 0.™=..
TioubIc lit* I J< h P molo
* 20-INCH C»il.. b=. Doubl.-
« BALANCED
ALSO CRANBERRY PRUNING MACHINES
C. &L EQUIPMENT CO.
F. I'. CKANDON
1191 Main St.
Tel. Rochester 89-3
ACUSHNET, MASS.
H. C. LEONARD
191 LEONARD ST.
Tel. New Bedford
3-4332
peace. Then, department by de- partment, the marketing program of NCA, from advertising, public- ity promotion to sales, was taken up, with the head of each branch making a brief talk.
"Look forward", Mr. Urann said. "This is not a time of depression. It is a time to take stock of our- selves, to review the past, to ana- lyze the present, and to forecast the future. We do not look for op- portunities. We make our own op- portunities." He said there were to be no more surpluses, and that NCA, in proof of this, was advanc- ing its marketing at the rate of 150,000 bbls, a year. Even for this fall, he continued, there is a short- age of 15,000 barrels to keep West Coast canning plants at peak of operation and 11,000 barrels in the mid- Western states area.
He continued there are five dis- trict sales men strategically placed over the United States, plus 93 brokers. Daily reports from these sources show, he said, there are no inventories of Ocean Spray cran- berry sauce piling up in the mar- ketf..
"Ocean Spray" Available Everywhere
"Ocean Spray is the fifth item in profit in food stores throughout the country. Your cooperative is either the 5th or 6th largest fruit canner in the United States. Ocean Spray is in all food outlets across the nation next to Campbell's soups in availability. We have J, 722 customers in the United States who sell Ocean Spray. There is scarcely a crossroads gro'jery or variety store in the country which does not have Ocean Spray on its shelves." A total of 48 million dollars worth of sauce had been sold in the past four years, he said.
"There are 2,000,000 women in the country who are working, in either ofi"ices oi- factories, and most of these are not going home to cook after a day's work, any more than is necessary. They are turning to canned products. A to- tal of 22 billion cans of all pro- ducts were sold last year, or that is IV2 cans for every family per day were used. The demand for canned products is huge and con- stantly growing". He mentioned
Eijhl
the trend fi-oiii couiiti-y to city living and stated that city folks do less cooking than people who live in the country. He also point- ed out the trend of population from east to west and that western housewives use more canned foods than do eastern. To meet this trend he said that Ocean Spray was available in 90 per cent of all stores in the United States. Borrow 8 Million, Pay Back 9 John F. Harriott, assistant treasurer, said that a total of 3% million dollars was paid to 1766 stockholders of NCA last year. He pointed to the fact that 8 million dollars, approximately, was bor- rowed to carry on business last year and that more than 9 million had been paid back for the loan of last year and previous indebt- edness.
Following Mr. Harriott's report the heads of each marketing divis- ion made reports.
"Ideas" — Miss Stillman
Miss Ellen Stillman, in charge of advertising and publicity, told how Ocean Spray had had eight promotions last year, all designed to promote the sale of cranberris in normally "off" months. She said the plan behind this type of advertising and publicity was to provide all possible markets with "ideas", rather than to force sales directly. Next to importance in the cranberry markets of the twelvemonth to Thanksgiving and Christmas is Easter. She also mentioned "Father's Day" pro- motion.
Speaking as head of promotion was L. E. Proesch, who told of what had been done in that line. He was followed by H. Gordon Mann, head of the sales depart- ment. He introduced "Andy" An- derson, who has charge of the Pacific Coast division, who, almost theatrically, told of the efforts of a salesman to gain markets and of the amount of persistency needed to overcome sales resistance to new ideas. He was followed by "Bill" Drury of the Chicago area, who said that, hackneyed as is the motto, "Where there's a will, there's a way", he had proved to his own satisfaction in the sales of Ocean Spray that this is true. "Tom" Hopkins related an
instance of overconnng- sales re- sistance in Cleveland, while Dave Weidts, a newcomer to NCA sales force, explained conditions in the southwest and how he was confi- dent of success there.
All of these talks revolved around the "chicken and cran- berry" campaign, which is the main selling feature of the Ocean Spray progiam.
It had previously been stated by Mr. Urann that 36 pounds of chicken or turkey are consumed annually by every man, woman and child in the country, and that the job of NCA was to have Ocean Spray cranberry sauce served with every pound of these fowl. In this program, Mr. Urann said Ocean Spray was not only keeping up with what it hoped to do, but was ahead of estimate in actual sales.
At noon the usual lobster .salad luncheon was served. During the
day balloting for directors had been going on, with the result that 53,747 shares were cast (including proxies) and the following were elected as directors:
Massachusetts: Mrs. Elthea E. Atwood, South Carver; Carlton Barrows, Bostou; Frank P. Cran- don, Acushnet; W. Ernest Crow- ell, Dennis, (Exchange representa- tive;) Kenneth Garside, Duxbury; Harrison W. Goddard, Plymouth; Samuel R. Gurney, Carver; Robert S. Handy, Cataumet; John C. Makepeace, Wareham; Russell Makepeace, Marion; Bertram Ry- der, Cotuit; Carl B. Urann, Mid- dleboro. New Jersey: Enoch F. Bills, Bordentown; John E. Cutts, Vincetown; Isaac Harrison, Cross- wicks; Vinton Thompson (Ex- change delegate), Vincentown; Wisconsin: Albert H. Hedler, Phil- lips; Fred N. Lang, Wisconsin Rapids; Charles L. Lewis, Shell Lake; Guy N. Potter, Camp Doug- las; Lloyd Rezin (Exchange Rep-
Fs ! \b'.' (irst time in cranberry history a POWER PRUN- ING MACHINE that will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUT! SAVER.
1-5 A('RES PER DAY— A (iREAT MONEY
C. & L. Eciuipenent Co.
ACUSHNET, MASS.
F. P. CRANDON 1191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
Nine
1^ ^iM^flOM
SAI.BS
mo*
Caught at NCA niLLtmy — Upper, ijeneral view o( a section of these at luncheon. Among these are Albert Hedler cif Wisconsin; Charles Makepeace of Williamstown, Masschausetts; John C. Makepeace, Wareham; Russel Makepeace, Marion; talking with "Happy* DeLong, Wisconsin; Maurice Mrikepeace, Wareham, all facing toward camera at table. At extreme right, also facing camera, "Dan" Rezin, Wisconsin. (Photo Courtesy, NCA) lower, Oregon contingent standing before protiotion and sales displays: left to right, J. Edward Warness, Oregon; Gus A. Franke, Wash- ington; Mrs. Franke, Mrs. Ed Hughes and Ed Hughes of Oregon, the latter talking to Elizabeth Curtis of Cape Cod, mother of Mrs. Hughes. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
resentative), Cranmoor; Oregon: EdwaM W. Hughes, Coquille; Wa.shington, Gus Franke, Gray- land.
These directors, meeting in ex- ecutive session after the main gathering, elected officers as fol- lows:
President, M. L. Urann, first vice-president, Carl B. Urann; vice presidents, H. Gordon Mann, W. S. Jacobson, M. S. Anderson, Fer- ris Waite; secretary-treasurer, John C. Makepeace; assistant sec- retary-treasurer, John Harriott; executive commif-ee, Fred Lang, succeeding Charles L. Lewis; M. L. Urann, J. C. Makepeace, Isaac
Ten
N. Harrison; alternates, Kenneth Garside, Enoch Bills, Russell Makepeace, Carl Urann, Harrison W. Goddard.
Bank Praises Co-op
A speaker on the afternoon pro- gram was George Lamb of the Springfield Bank For Cooperatives. Mr. Lamb said he had never been so impressed before by the sound- ness of the situation of NCA and that he was happy to work with the co-op and for the general ad- vancement of the cranberry in- dustry. He said he believed Nat- ional Cranberry Association bound to go forward and that he consid- ered it the outstanding co-op "in
Pathologists Pay Visit To Mass. Bog Areas
A group of about 30 plant pathologists belonging to the Northeastern Section of the Amer- icas Phytopathological Society visited the Cranberry Experiment Station on July 10-11 as part of a field trip made by this organiza- tion.
The group assembled at the Waltham Field Station July 9, and inspected experimental plots at the Station during the afternoon. They left the Waltham Station at 9:00 a. m., the next day going via Wey- mouth where the scientists saw
the state, in the nation, and in the world".
A Single U. S. Pool
As a closing suggestion foi' thought on the part of the mem- bership President Urann brought up the idea of a single United States cranberry pool for both fresh and processed berries, with no differential in return between the two, or of fruit grown in any area. He said under this system there would be less price cutting, as all would get the same returns for their fruit. This would do away with any yearly allocation by the Cranberry Growers' Coun- cil, and this overall body would assign berries to be shipped from day to day. He said such a pool would be the nearest approach to a single cooperative yet achieved in the cranberry industry.
Attending the meeting were di- rectors and visitors from New Jersey, Wisconsin, Oregon and Washington. The New Jersey group included: Walter Z. Fort, Growers' Cranberry Company, Ed- ward Lipmann, New Jersey unit of NCA, Enoch F. Bills, Isaac N. Harrison, Vinton Thompson, Leon E. Hopkins, James D. Holman, Carl Mason, Harold King, John Cutts; Wisconsin, Charles L. Lew- is, Guy N. Potter, Albert H. Hed- ler, Dan Rezin, Harold DeLong, Fred Lang, Clarence A. Searles; Oregon, J. Edward Warness, Ed- ward W. Hughes; Washington, Gus A, Franke,
jiiie of the ebiis that had been illed and others that were dying 3 a I'osult of infection by the utch Elm Disease fungus. The ical tree warden explained how mtrol work was being carried on.
After leaving Weymouth the roup went to East Wareham. At a evening meeting at the State og, Dr. Franklin told of the be- inning of the Station and of the
incipal lines of work that he had irried on since coming to the tation. Drs. Frederick B. Chand- r and Chester C. Cross pointed jt the more important problems ith which they were working and 3W the work was being carried 1. Dr. H. F. Bergman then told f the cooperative work of the . S. Department of Agriculture ; the Cranberry Station and told i-iefly of the problems with which le three successive Federal work- 's at the Station had been con- 'rned.
The group met again at the ranberry Station the next nrorn- ig and were shown some of the <perimental work in progress on le bog and some of the more im- ortant aspects of cranberry grow- ig were pointed out. After leav- ig the State Bog the group made
lirief tour of cranberry bogs en JUte to Edaville where the day's )ur was ended with a clambake.
Most of the members of the roup had never seen cranberry ogs previously and were much leased to see the bogs and to
:irn something of the method and f the pi-oblems of growing this nique crop.
iadio Fred Allen \nd Cranberries
Ihe Cape Cod cranberry retent- came into some comment from red Allen of radio fame, as re- orted in a Cape newspaper. Mr. Lllon, with Mrs. Allen, is a Sum- ler Cane visitor of some years' landing. Recording for the "Voije i America" programs were made t the office of the "Cape Codder," )rleans newspaper weekly. Mr. lllen was on the program.
Some of his quoted remarks by Lllen concerning cranberries (off he air) were: "When things get
Allocation of Crop By Council Still Tentative
As of the present, Cranberry Growers' Council has made no defi- nite decision for the allocation of the approaching crop. Tentative plans call for a 40-40 percent di- vision between ACE and NCA, with the remaining 20 to be swung either way, as conditions justify. Difficulty in setting a definite allo- cation, is said to be because it is still uncertain as to what will be the size of the harvest and the quality.
quiet, Cane Cod has a ('ranberry Clinic. I think it is big-hearted ot the Cape to go into the prob- lems of the ci-anberry . . . I'm very much interested in cranberries and what cranberries think ... If I ever retire to Cape Cod perman- ently I would live in a cranberry bog and get the cranberry's point oi view.'
James Mease, a Pennsylvania farmer, grew the first American crop of soybeans in 1804.
•VINBERJA"
According to Pathfinder maga- zine, a new book is just published, written by Arlington H. Mallery which mentions cranberries in an interesting fashion. The author, who is said to have put in more than 50 years of study on early Norse explorations to America has come to that conclusion that "Vineland the Good," in many Norse sagas is actually Newfound- land.
"Most people,' said Pathfinder, quoting from the book," have as- sumed Vineland meant a wine country, but Newfoundland has no grapes. However, the Greenland Norse made wine from black cran- berries; wild currents, somewhat similar to them, abound in New- foundland. The saga word for cranberries is "Vinberja" — wine berries — and it is a mistake to locate Vinland in terms of grapes. (Editor's Note, Historians have often believed that Leif Ericson, the Norsman came to Cape Cod, adjacent Marthas Vineyard or one 01 the Elizabeth Island in about 1,000 A. D. The American cran- berry is indigenous to these areas. Item sent in by Vernon Golds- worthy of Wisconsin.)
Eggs and poultiy account for 3.5 Benjamin Franklin grew the
per cent of the total farm income first crop of broom corn in the in New Jersey. United States.
$688,460,000
Tliat's the ilollar FIRE los.s to Anierican prop- erty in 1950.
Think that over then this: A $5,000 home built in 1940 would today, cost about $9,950.
Does your insurance coverage reckon with that slumping value of our dollar? Bring it into balance now !
E. A. THACHEH
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Eleven
FORKIGN VISITORS— C. D. Hammond, left, Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales company, explains cranberry culture to four Dutch ag-ricultural specialists at the Biron Cranberry company marsh during a tour Monday. The visitors are, left to right after Hammond, Jan D. Gerritsen, Wilhelmus de Groot, Adriaan van Oosten and Miss Hester G. Kronenberg. The four are touring the United States to study production, harvesting and marketing of small fruit crops. (Tribune Staff Photo)
Dutch Visitors Study Cranberry Marsh Operations Around Wisconsin Rapids
Four Dutch agricultural experts toured southern Wood County, Wisconsin in mid-July visiting- cranberry marshes. They were es- corted by "Del" Hammond, Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company, and DeVerne Mathison, Wood County Extension Service, and Martion Hoenveld of Vesper.
The four from the Netherlands were Welhelmus de Groot, Bred; Jan D. Gerritsen, Gelderntalsen; Adrian van Oosten, Kapelle-Bie- zelinge and Miss Hester G. Kron- enberg, Wageningan. They were interested in small fruits, including strawberries, respberries, blue ber- ries. They were much impressed with the large-scale application of insecticides to the cranberry. marshes by airplane and ground sprayers and with chemical weed control.
They studied harvesting of small fruit, production and marketing data, plant disease control meth-
Twelvp
ods, fertilizing soil preparation, processing of small fruits, qaulity control methods and shipping.
They were spending two and one-half months in a swing through the northern United States on a technical assistance trip arranged; by the Economic Cooperative Administration, the United States Department of Agri- culture and the U. S. land-grant universities.
There is some cranberry pro- duction in Holland, although total planting's do not exceed one hun- dred acres.
Production of small fruit in Hol- land, a number of the group said is mostly in the hands of about 20,000 owners or tenants on small farnTs. Many of the farms are not more than two and one-half acres in extent.
There is no land for expansion of farms, except that which is re- claimed from the sea and fresh-
ened. So the output of smal fruits can be enlarged and mad' to pay in Holland only by the usi of family labor, and perfectin) methods of culture as much a possibly can be done.
"If only Dutch farmers ha< some of this land that is not use( in the United States," Gerritsei IJl said. "Here there are great op portunities."
I
a;
III
llf
I"
It
J. ARTHUR BAKER
J. Arthur Baker, Justice of thi Massachusetts Superior Court am Cape Cod cranberry grower diec in of a heart attack in his automobih in Bourne near his home, Julj 16. Judge Baker was 72. He was found behind the wheel of his car police were summoned and medica aid, but he was pronounced dead
Judge Baker operated a bog o: about 9 acres at Head-of-the-Bay and had known the cranberry busi ness all his life. He had pickec berries as a boy and his father Joshua H. Baker had begun a bog as early as 1867, one of the rea Cape pioneers. Antecedents on hi; mother's side of the family (Wing] were also cranberry growers.
In 1948 Judge Baker (CRAN BERRIES, Nov. 1948) as a guesi of the Ancient and Honorabh Artillery Company of Boston, ir Bernruda introduced cranberries tc the Governor-General of thai island, and other high officials He carried both Ocean Spray anci Eatmor cellophane packages on the trip. He was a member of both NCA and New England Sales Company.
Judge Baker was born in Buz- zards Bay in 1878. He was gradu ated from Bourne High School in 1896, then matriculated at Wor- cester Academy and entered Bos- ton University College of Liberal Arts in 1898. He was graduated cum laude from B. U. and admit- ted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1904. He was elevated to the bench ni 19.35. He also had served on the Growers' Council. In 1905 he mar- ried the late Dr. Hariiet Agnes (Williams) who died in 1940 after which Judge Baker was married to his former secretary. Miss Flora G. Shepardson, who survives. He also leaves a sister, Mrs. Howard D, Pienney of Springfield, Mass,
Vol. 16 -No. 4 ISSUE OF AUGUST 1951
\^ ^;^HAiaw*8««,«,,M!^
lyE venture to say the suggestion of Marcus L. Urann at the annual meet- ng of National Cranberry Association at ianson on July 17 (as reported elsewhere n this issue) that there be a single United states cranberry pool for both fresh and )rocessed berries, with everyone receiving he same return, will arouse a good deal if discussion within the industry. If we inderstand the thought correctly we do lot approve.
There should be a differential, we he- leve, in fruit which is quality and fruit vhich is mediocre. Without this differ- intial v/here is the incentive to grow top tuality cranberries? There should be this ncentive. A grower should, and we are ■onvinced that most do, take pride in [rowing, or at least attempting to grow . better quality crop than his neighbor. ?o produce the best is an instinct within he heart of anyone who is worth his salt n any line, artisan, artist or agriculturist, vhatever he may be.
Maybe this should not be so, but in tddition to this pride of accomplishment here is also the thought that the better the product the better will be the financial •eturn. That is only human nature. It hould not be discouraged.
EDAVILLE AGAIN
AGAIN Edaville proved its value to the cranberry industry on Sunday, July 19, when Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio vas chugged into the station there, "ar- iving" in the locomotive cab of a train to )e the guest of honor at the clambake, kores upon scores of flashbulbs were shot )flf, taking pictures of "Mr. Republican", 0 appear in newspapers and magazines.
These photos, plus the multitude of vords printed, national radio broadcast, md the televised program (to eastern ''nited States) later at historic Plymouth ock, mentioned Edaville and the cran- berry industry. Surely this must have iome influence in the disposing of the crop lext Fall. Somebody somewhere will re- call the event and buy a few fresh cran- berries or the processed product as the •esult of this publicity, we believe.
^OW, before too long, we will have esti- mates of the '51 crop, the harve.st, and,
:;ranberries - wareham, Massachusetts
Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT.
New Jersey Cranberry and Bluebei-ry Station
Pemberton, New Jersey
most important of all, the price of the fresh fruit.
TT was interesting to note what those ■*■ Dutch visitors to cranberry marshes in Wisconsin thought of the amount of uncul- tivated land we have in this country, as compared to the Netherlands. Citizens of the United States are blessed in many ways.
Thirteen
Exhibit For The Blueberry Growers In New Jersey
Blueberry growers will have the opportunity over a period of two days and one evening- to see new lilueberry pests and blueberry stunt symptoms on different varie- ties, as well as symptoms of other tioubles which can mislead one in- to thinking- that a bush has blue- berry stunt disease. Such an ex- hibit will be shown at Pemberton, N. J., the afternoon and evening of August 28 and the morning of August 29. The entire staff of the Blueberry Laboratorly will be pres- ent to answer questions and dis- cuss blueberry problems with indi- vidual growers.
The exhibit will lie indoors so that weather will be no obstacle. This exhibit is to take the place of the regular field classes which have been held Spring and Fall for several years back to acquaint growerls with disease and insect pest conditions. The first such in- door meeting was held in June of this year and there was a record attendance. Growers have agreed that they would rather see a wide variety of subjects without having to tramp through different fields. They also liked the opnrtunity to
Growers of New Jersey Meet at Chatsworth Aug 30
Anthony DeMarco, Chatsworth, New Jersey, will be host to the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, on August 30. This is the regular Summer nxeeting for the exchange of information on cranberry growing by the New
spend as much time as they wish on any one subject. All exhibits will be accompanied by cai-ds which explain the m.-aterial. The staff members who will be present are as follows:
N. J. Gi-anberry and Blueberry Research Laboratory C. A. Doeh- lert, in charge of Laboratory; Mar- tin T. Hutchinson, in charge of cranberry and blueberry insect work; Lewis F. Wells, Jr., tem- porary assistant in cranberry and blueberry insect work; Harry J. Moulter, field assistant; John W. Goodman, Summer assistant in blueben'y stunt control.
Austin C. Goheen, United States Department of Agriculture, field agent for cranberry and blueberry disease.
The exhibit hours will be 2 to 5 p. m., and 7 to 9 p. m., on August 28, and 9 to 12 noon on August 29.
HUBBARD FERTILIZERS
For
CRANBERRIES 5-10-5 7-7-7
mSECTICIDES - FUNGICIDES - AMMATE COPPER SULPHATE - FERMATE
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER or
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT
Established in 1878
Jersey growers and the N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station.
William S. Haines, President, will open the meeting at 10 o'clock with the regular address. Dr. John Cantlon, botany department of George Washington University, will report on the "Pine Region Hydrological Research" which he began last year on the initiative of this Association . Dr. M. T. Hutch- inson, of the Pemberton Cranberry and Blueberry Research Labora- tory, will report on cranberry scale. D. 0. Boster, U. S. D. A., will discuss the crop prediction. Walter Z. Fort of the Growei's' Cranberry Company, will show his new slides which are distinct views of the insects which should be helpful to many growers. Dr. Cantlon's hydrological research has extended considerably into a full- sized project under the direction of the Rutgers University Botany De- partment. It is hoped that this will be one of the foundations of a long-term action to preserve South Jersey's water supply for cranberry and blueberry groweis. Cranberry scale has become an im- portant pest on New Jersey bogs. Dr. Hutchinson and Mr. Lewis Wells, Jr., have been working on the life history of the scale as well as methods of control. There will be some new interesting facts in this progress i-eport.
After lunch, for which reserva- tions should be sent to the Pember- ton Laboratory, there will be a tour of Mr. DeMarco's bogs. Some of these bogs are highly produc- tive. There are new bogs which have been planted by machine and are now com-ing into bearini?. Some unusual arrangements have been made for water management.
Do a Friend a Favor
Tell him (or her)
that every grower should be a .sub.scriber of
CRANBERRIES
Magazine
$3.00 per year
Fourteea
Mass. Senator Cites Cranberries
In a recent issue of the Congres- sional Record, Senator Leverett Saltonstall of Massachusetts calls attention to an editorial in the Morning World-Herald of Omaha, Neb., entitled: "Busy Cranben-y Merchants." As a citizen of Massachusetts, Saltonstall said "the editorial gives me a great
deal of pleasure to read the inge- nuity and imagination that these cranberry merchants have exer- cised in selling their area."
Editorial was as follows: In the cranberry bogs of Cape Cod a reporter for the Minneapolis Star came across an unusual story of individual and group enterprise. The story begins in 1946, when cranberry farmers got ?.32 a barrel for their fruit — three times the normal figure.
Beaton's Distributing Agency
NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS of
for over a quarter century in United States and Canada
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 130 or 970
BE NEIGHBORLY
Do a fellow grower a good turn. Tear out this coupon, give it to him. Every cranberry grower should be a reader of CRANBERRIES magazine.
One Year $3.00 Six Mos. $1.50
Enclosed is for Subscription.
Name
Street address City or Town State
CRANBERRIES Magazine
171 Main St.
Wareham, Massachusetts
So everybody started planting more berries, reclaiming old bogs and planting new ones. By 1950 supply was way up and the price had dropped to |6 a barrel. (There was no support price for cranberries.)
The cranberry growers and their cooperative association got to- gether to talk about how they could get the public to eat more cranberries. Since the fruit would have spoiled while they did their figuring, they put the surplus in deep freezers.
Then, says the Minneapolis pa- per:
"Cooks and researchers went to work. They came up with cran- berry juice (canned, concentrated,
o o
CUTS
ANYWHi^E \^l■ YOU CAN WALK!
©steep slopes, fence rows, ditches, j Dread lawns, even under water jjari's rigid knife cuts a yard wide^ I It's self-propelled . . . you just guide lit. Cuts up to 5 acres a day on 5 I quarts of fuel !
NEW POWER SPRAY ATTACHMENT I Ten gallon attachment bolts on in I place of cutter. Sprays weed or bug 1 killer. Hose and boom for trees and ii water paints. See it today.
}
1121 WASHINGTON STBEET WESI NEWTON 65, MASS.
Pi f fee
and frozen), cranberry-orange marmalade, cranberry-blueberry preserve, spiced cranberries, cran- berry ice cream, cranberry this, that, and a lot of other things."
Result is that the growers are happy at the prospect of a more firm and stable market for their fruit.
It will be noted that these men did not ask to have the cranberries painted blue and burned by the agricultural experts from Wash- ington, nor did they expect the Federal Government to find any other solution for them. They found it themselves.
(AN PREVENT HARM TO EI.ECTRIC rillVll'
INFRA-RED WARMS ANIMALS
Check the oil in the crankcase of electi-ic pumps, advises W. C. Krueger, extension farm engineer at Rutgers University. Water of- ten follows the piston rod back in- to the oil sump, creating a sludge that has poor lubricating abilities.
There is extra danger of damage to pumps in cold weather because of congealed lubricants. Neglect may result in ruined crank bear- ings or a burned-out motor, due to overload.
Periodic inspection and oil changes will safeguard equipment. And use a lighter grade oil in win- ter for equipment exposed to cold, the engineer suggests.
To protect farm buildings with metal roofs from lightning, attach a conductor or ground cable from the edge of the loof down to pei- nianent moistui-e in the earth.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE. R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO. ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
3-30B0 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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156 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA. PA. |
Radcliff |
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2700 Roberts Ave. |
5-3540 |
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MILWAUKEE;, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES. Calif. |
Madison |
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6B5 S. Flower St. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND, ORE. |
Kroadway |
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Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0.'-,79 | |
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Service in 48 |
Stales |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
The standard infra-red lamp made with tempered glass is re- placing the projector type and ordinary lamp bulbs for pig and lamb brooding. Tempered glass reduces breakage caused by splashed water.
Hung over a corner of the pen at a height of 36 to 40 inches, the lamp gives comfort to the animals during farrowing or lambing and to the new-born animals before they are moved to the sheltered hover.
After that the lamp can be transferred to the hover, where it insures ideal conditions of comfort.
Radiant lamp-heated hovers, to- gether with effective guard rails ill the farrowing pen, save two to three pigs out of every litter, ac- cording to experienced hog raisers. Deaths among lambs also is ap- pieciably reduced through the use of lamp-heated hovers.
Fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Page 5)
quart to 100 gallons of water, or if used with oil, 1 pint of Nicotine Sulphate with one gallon of light Summer oil emulsion per 100 gal- lons of water. If the Nicotine Sul- phate was used alone in water, recommendation was it be applied on a warm day with the tempera- ture above 65 degrees farenheit; also if the Nicotine Sulphate was used with oil in the spray tempera- tures should not be above 80 de- grees farenheit.
Demonstration Meeting
So important a pest is this scale considered that a demonstration in spraying was scheduled to be given by Dr. Crowley at the .John O'Hagan bog at Grayland on July 27. Demonstration was to include, how to look for the scale on a bog,
New tree planting' machines used by the Soil Conservation Service can set out from 4,000 to 8,000 trees a day.
Patronize
Our
Advertisers
CRANBERRIES
The National Cranberry Magazine
EIJSY ADDED PROFITS
WITH A SPEE-iEE CRANBERRY
mum Mmmi
THE SPEE-DEE FILLER IS SMOOTH & QUIET, LOW IN PRICE and UP- KEEP, TOO.
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For infoi'iiiation write
SPEE-DEE FILLER
PAUL L. KARSTROM CO.
IX 16 W. 74th St. Chicago 36, 111.
Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner
Sijtt««B
to determine best time to spray, how to mix the sprays to avoid danger from the poisons, how to spray any given bog in the safest manner possible, the safest equip- ment to be used in handling the poisons.
Fire and Fruitworm
Dr. Crowley is of the opinion that growers who have neglected fireworm and fruitworm control the past two years may have more injury than from the Lecanium scale. Hesuggested that the Nico- tine oil spray, while not as effect- ive as Methoxychlor or DDT for fireworm or fruitworm control would act at a combination spray for both of the pests, and also the Lecanium scale. Finally, was the suggestion that anytime a grower saw that fireworm, tipworms and fniitworms are getting out of hand is a good time to spray.
Growers were marking down on their calendars that August 25th is the day when the Cranberry Ex- periment Field Station day will be held. (Foregoing notes are from July issue of "The Cranberry Vine," edited by Ralph E. Tidrick, County Extension Service at South Bend, in cooperation with the State
College of Washington and Pacific At the maximum rate of increase
County Extension. ^^^ ^j^^ „^ mortality, a meadow
House ferns should be grown in mouse could have over a million soil mixture having a large pro- portion of organic matter. descendants in one year.
AUGUST -
Brings to fruition the year's en- deavor of the cranberry grower. If he has been progressive and wise,
ELECTRICITY
will have assisted him economically, efficiently in his endeavor.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
Tel. 200
Tel. 1300
Eatmor Cranberries
We're off to another Cranberry Season with 44 years of working experience in behalf of our mem- bers and the industry
With the American Cranberry Exchange selling our fresh fruit and the National Cranberry Asso- ciation selling our processed berries we are in the best possible position to serve members.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
9 Station Street
SALES COMPANY
TELEPHONE 200
Middleboro, Maa«.
N#*i^H^^M^^lMM^^^^M^««M^^^^^«'
LET'S GO % FOR 1951! A
Sales, advertising and merchandising pro- grams for Eatmore Cranberries are all set and we're rarin' to go for the 1951 season.
All summer our staff has worked On the season's programs. Every effort has been made to have our biggest asset—the Eatmore Cranberries trade name . . . pay off for the benefit of growers.
Eatmore is the leading brand on the fresh fruit market. It's the name whole- salers, retailers and consumers alike recog- nize, trust and buy. We're going to get every ounce of benefit out of that prestige.
rne ONLY NATIONAUy AdVmiSEd NAME IN fRBSH CRANBERRIES
Eatmor Cranberries
^•<^^a^i««^i^^^^i««M»p*^^><^^i^>««^
I
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
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Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices: Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Provincetown Vin«yard Haven |
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Morris April Bros. Bridgeton • Tuckahoe New Jersey Apples Cranberries Peaches GROWERS AND SHIPPERS |
BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, LAWSON, and HERCULES ENGINES Eocpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used Engine Driven Generators For Emergency Portable and All Applications Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced Alan Painten Co. Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. |
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CRANBERRY |
Hall & Cole Established 1S48 Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers |
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GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters |
Midd eborough Trust Company MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
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Niaga 1 Food Chemi Middle |
ira Che Divisior Machiner cal Corpo port, Nev |
mical 1 / and ration / York |
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Wareham Savings Bank and Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Accounts Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent |
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The Nationa Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry men |
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Funds always available for sound loans |
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Complete Banking Service |
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Member Federal Deputiit insurance Corp. |
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Crop Could Exceed Estimate
Massachusetts growers have pro- duced another good crop of cran- berries. Weather conditions in August definitely favored our crop. Rainfall was well above normal, with 4.73 inches being- recorded here at the Cranberry Experiment Station. Temperatures were about normal. The official crop estimate of 580,000 barrels surprised some growers, but as the harvest season began, the consensus of opinion seemed to indicate that we would meet the estimate and could con- ceivably exceed it. Harvest began quite generally on Tuesday, Sep- tember 4, but a few growers start- ed picking the last week in August.
The Fall frost season is here. The popular telephone frost warn- ing service offered by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation will continue as usual. The radio schedule will be the same as in the Spring. The time and schedule is as below:
Puerto Ricans Needed
We have already seen evidence of a shortage of harvest labor. It would seem at this time (Septem- ber 7) that the special cranberry labor committee was indeed fore- sighted when plans were initiated last May to import some Puerto Ricans this Pall. The Division of Employment Security, known lo- cally as the Employment Service, worked very closely with the cran- berry labor committee, and their fine cooperation is appreciated. Approximately 240 Puerto Ricans have arrived and are now busy with the harvest. Early reports indicate that these men are learn- ing quickly and are willing and
Station Dial
Place AM
WBZ Boston 1030 k.
WOCB West Yarmouth 1240 k. WBSM New Bedford 123(1 k.
anxious to work. We hope that their stay will be a pleasant one and mutually profitable. The Em- ployment Offices in New Bedford, Brockton, and Hyannis are estab- lishing local headquarters through- out the cranberry area for the con- \enience of growers in recruiting and placing local help. In order to be of service these Employment Offices must know the growers' labcr requirements as early as pcssible.
Fall Management A few notes on Fall management are presented as follows; The work of the cranberry girdler can now be seen on bogs where this pest is a problem. Patches of dead or dying vines are an indication of the presence of this pest. Joe Kelley and the writer visited many bogs this year, and girdlers were common on many properties. With a reduction in sanding programs during the past few years, girdlers have been increasing in numbers. Dr. Franklin recommends a Fall flood where girdlers are a severe problem. Such a flood should be made between September 15 and September 26 and held for six days. It is sometimes necessary to hold this flood with the berries still on the vines. The Howes va- riety should stand this treatment and still be suitable for the fresh fruit market, while Early Blacks usually have to be sold to a pro- cessor. In most instances, how- ever. Early Blacks could be picked prior to the flooding treatment.
Speaking of floods. Dr. Franklin reminds us of the importance of the Fall clean-up flood. Such a flood helps rid the bog of much of
Afternoon Evening FM 92.9-46.7 mg. 2:30 9:00 wk. da. 9:30 Sundays 94.3 nig. 3:00 9:30 97.3 mg. 3:30 9:00
the harmful trash that accumulates each year. In addition, it gives the vines a good drink of water after the rough picking operation. A float boat, particularly the air plane propellor-type, driven over the flooded bog does excellent woi.. in bringing up trash to the surface where it can be collected and dis- posed of in a suitable manner. Postpone Some Operations Until Spring Dr. Franklin and Joe Kelley urge growers to postpone prunint>, raking and sanding operations un- til next Spring on bogs that lacK a proper Winter flood. Observa- tions and experiences indicate that the mechanical injury to tiie vines from these operations makes them more subject to winter killing when a bog is not properly pro- tected with a Winter flood.
Markets Want Quality Fruit
Cranberry growers appear to be somewhat more optimistic as we enter the new marketing season. We believe this optimism will bj justified if our marketing agencies will cooperate with each other and growers will do their part in fur- nishing their selling agents with high quality fruit. This means careful handling of our crop from harvest through the screening op- eration. Avoid as much bruising as possible, remove field heat from the berries, and screen carefully. Let's be sure that the first ship- ments of cranberries are our best and continue to maintain a high quality pack, both fresh and pro- cessed, throughout the season. Af- ter all, the first shipments are carefully judged by jobbers, whole- salers, retailers and "Mrs. Con- sumer."
-INTERESTED-
in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale.
Vernon Goldsworthy
936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Preliminary Crop Forcasfs And Crop Conditions
U. S. Crop reporting Service in its preliminary forecast of August 23 gave the total for the United States as 915,000 barrels. This is seven percent below last year's all- time high of 984,300 barrels, vi^hich is the final revised "historical" figure for 1950, it is indicated as the third largest on record and the ten-year (1940-49) average is 728,200. Five of the largest na- tional crops on record have been produced during the past six years.
Massachusetts
Details of the Massachusetts crop of 580,000 barrels are that this is 5 percent belovsr the 610,- 000 revised historical figure for last year, but is 24 percent above the 10-year average, which is 468,- 600. It is expected to be the third largest, and if so will make three of the last four years the largest for that state.
Spring frosts caused very little damage, a moderately good bloom was followed by a better than average set, with bees unusually plentiful. Rainfall has been suffi- cient to produce berries of better than aevrage size. Fruitworm has caused more damage than in 1950.
Early Blacks are expected to ac- count for about 56 percent of the crop, Howes are expected to be 39 percent, the remaining five, other varieties. This distribution is near percentage of last year and near norm'al.
Estimate of N. E. Crop Report- ing service was based upon returns from 167 growers, representing about 53 percent of the acreage.
New Jersey is the only state in which production is expected to be below average, production having been estimated at 73,000 bbls., compared with 108,000 last year and the ten-year average of 75,000.
The crop was developed under moderately favorable conditions. Winter season was relatively mild and the Spring season came early with an abundance of rainfall dur- ing March and April. Frost dam- age was greater than a year ago.
Bloom and set of fruit were light and generally irregular. July and August were dry and considerable drought damage occurred, even on good bogs. Fruit worm and fire- womi damage was detected but not expected to be serious. 1951 crop is expected to be 81 percent Howes, 52 percent Early Blacks, 9 percent Jerseys and 8 percent odd varieties. This distribution is similar to the 1950 production by varieties.
Wisconsin Production in Wisconsin was forecast at 204,00 bbls. This is about 14 percent smaller than the record crop of 238,000 produced in 1948. The season is late because of wet and cool .weather. Earlier in the season frost did considerable damage to bogs. Set of fruit was relatively poor. At end of August there was an over-abundance of water.
Oregon
Oregon expects a relatively favorable crop, estim'ated at 17,000 barrels. Prospects are quite spot- ted, but where the late Spring frosts did not hit, the prospects on the whole are good. Furthermore, bogs planted since 1943 are an- nually becoming more of a factor.
Washington
The acreage generally has a good set of fruit, although the spotted freezes of late May de- stroyed many blossoms in those bogs not protected by sprinkling. Unusually dry weather this Sum- mer is expected to result in more under-sized berries than usual. The seasonable development of the crop is about two weeks ahead of the late 1950 crop. Production is estimated at 41,000, larger than the 33,000 of 1950 and above the 10-year average of 35,100.
This year's forecast at a glance: Massachusetts 580,000 Barrels New Jersey 73,000
Wisconsin 204,000
Washington 41,000
Oregon 17,000
U. S. Total 915,000
(Editor's Note: Foregoing is based upon various regional U. S. Crop Reporting Service estimates.)
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
From September 15, 1951
to
October 15th, 1951
WESTERN PICKERS WILL BE SOLD ON
CREDIT AT THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
$250.00
Cash On Delivery
$400.00
Payable October 15, '51
$425.00
Psyable Movember 15, '51
See our representatives in Massa- chusetts, Wisconsin, and Washing- ton for the number of Western Pickers available.
(ADV)
Threa
■V/ ^J?^'^''"*"'""'''«^^^^t^^
ISSUE OF SEPT. 1951-VOL. 16, NO. S
Publlihed monthly «t The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Warcham. MaBsachusetts. Subicription, $8.00 p«r y««r. Entered as second-clasi matter January 26, 1943, at the poat-ofBie at Wnreham, MasBachusetts, under the Act of March S, 1879
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Picking Well Begun
Picking got under way on a small scale on many of the bogs a few days before the Labor Day holiday, and Labor Day week was in full swing. As the berries be- gan to come off general opinion was that the estimate of .580,000 barrels would at least be reached and possibly exceeded slightly.
Berries Large, May Run Over
One reason for this was the large size of the fruit. Size was turning up splendidly and the de- velopment of fruit was about a week earlier than in man/ years. Coloring of early-picked berries was at least average, and coming along well. Very Good August Precipitation
Aiding much in the size and ad- vancement of the crop was pretty good growing weather during most of August. A total of 4.75 inches (State Bog) of rain fell during the month, which is substantially above normal for August. A considerable amount of this was in a violent electrical storm' which swept the region on the night of August 16. The sky was brilliant with light- ening for hours, thunder rolled and torrential rains, at intervals brought a total of 1.72 inches (State Bog). Night before there had been a heavy storm on the Outer Cape.
A good rain on the night of September 6, amounting to .40 inches helped some, although a lit- tle too late to add much sizing. Total for September to that date was .68 inches. There were some coolish nights directly after Labor Day which did not do coloring any harm.
Four
Shipment on September 1st
Picking was progressing so rapidly that a shipment (by truck) equal to nearly a full car was sent off on September 1 by New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Co. This went to the Middle West.
Labor Probably Adequate
Harvest labor, including the Puerto Rican contingent, was ade- quate but not over-abundant, it was generally reported. Growers felt they would be able to get the crop off without hardship, in this respect.
Large Crop at State Bog
An unusually large crop was being harvested at the State Bog at East Wareham. It is expected production there will run about 1300-1400 barrels.
Personals
Robert C. Hammond, East Ware- ham, recently won the Sagamore Rifle Club's "President's Cup," at the annual 30 calibre rifle shoot.
Chester A. Crocker, former Barnstable selectman and retired cranberry grower was a guest of honor at Barnstaple, England last month, at Barnstaple's celebration as a part of the Festival of Great Britain. The English Barnstaple's mayor visited Barnstable on Cape Cod during it's tercentenary cele- bration a few years ago. Mr. Crocker's visit to the English town, for which Barnstable was named (despite the slight difference in spelling) was a return of good will visitation.
NEW JERSEY
The Darlington Picker
The Thomas Darlington cran- berry picker is being watched very closely at Whitesbog by New Jer-
sey growers. To date it has been working successfully. Although it does not look as if it wil be able to pick all types of New Jersey bogs, it does appear now that a large percentage of N. J. bogs can be picked with this machine. It is true of this machine, as of all machines, that the men have to adapt themselves to working
with it. The Whites are keeping ten machines going all the time. These have averaged as high as ten bushels per hour.
Weather is Dry
New Jersey bogs are suffering from continued dry weather. On sandy soil, many vines are brown. On a number of bogs with good soil there has not been enough ir- rigation water to fill the ditches, with consequent effect on the size and quality of the berries.
Sparganothis Fruitworm
Some growers have been pleased with results of 1951 dusting and spraying for Sparganothis fruit- worms. In early June when the millers appear, DDT dust has been effective in killing considerable numbers of them, thus preventing egg laying. Som'etime later, when the first tiny worms appear, a spray with DDT has appeared to be a helpful control. Since Spar- ganothis is on the increase and is spreading over the State, the month of September is a good time for growers to watch out for the small yellow miller with the orange-red cross on its wings and thus be more ready to detect it in the Spring. The millers will also be seen on the windows of the sorting houses.
WASHINGTON
Crop Eariier
Crop is reported as about two weeks ahead of the late crop of 1950. Harvest was expected to begin September 20-25, and to reach its peak October 5-15, end- ing about October 30.
Cranberry-Blueberry Experiment Station, Long Beach, now has more than 1,000 cranberry seed- lings with berries. Experiments in getting the right blueberries for local conditions continue. From the experimental blueberry plant- ing the Station by the end of Au- gust had shipped a ton and a half of the fruit with more still to be marketed.
Personals
D. J. Crowley of the Experiment Station, speaking before a meet- ing of Ilwaco-Long- Beach Kiwanis Club recently urged a big water system for the whole of the Long Beach Peninsula. He declared this peninsula (very similar to Cape Cod in many respects) could be made a garden spot if everyone there had an adequate supply of water.
Peninsula gardens, lawns and crops were literally burned up this Summer. The proposal of Dr. Crowley was to get a supply of water from Bear River, or Naselle that would supply all needs for irrigation from Stackpole Harbor to Chinook, or most of the 30-mile long finger of land.
OREGOIN
Development Normal
Development of the crop is re- ported as about nornj'al. Harvest will begin about the last week of September.
WISCONSIN
Crop May Drop FVom Estimate
Crop prospects as September came in appeared to be a little be- low the Government estimate. Size, color and quality of fruit should be excellent, according to "Del" Hammond of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company. Harvest Began Sept. 10-15
General ha,Tvesting began be- tween the 10th and 15th. Water supplies are adequate. Vines ap-
pear to be in good condition. '52 Bud Excellent
Budding prospects for 1952 are said to be excellent.
Exchange Opens At $15.00 Per Barrel Sept. 9th
The American Cranberry Ex- change announced its opening price for the 1951 crop at $15 per bar- rel ($3.75 a quarter barrel box) on Sept. 9.
General Manager Harold E. Bry- ant said he had established a rea- sonable opening price to avoid the mistake of five years ago when high quotations for fresh cran- berries forced a major share of the crop on the processors, result- ing in a heavy annual carry-over, which glutted the market until this year.
"We do not wish to see this hap- pen again," Bryant said, and be- lieve that by establishing an at- tractive selling price at the begin- ning' of the season we can help to stabilize the market and avoid hardship for both the processors and shippers of fresh berries."
"Our opening price may seem low to some growers and shippers but with a good quality crop of 915,000 barrels, as compared to 980,300 barrels last year, and no carry-over from the 1950 crop, we will have an opportunity to raise the price as the season progresses. Based on present conditions wc ex- pect that the average price for the season will be considerably higher than our opening price. By stimu- lating demand through an attract- ive opening price, coupled with an aggressive sales, advertising arid merchandising program, we hope to build a rising market that will produce good returns for growers and distributors alike," Bryant concluded.
NCA Fall Program
National Cranberry Association has sent to brokers and other Ocean Spray representatives the country over, a remarkably at- tractive sales promotion kit start- ing with "Cranberry Week," Octo- ber 7 to 13. There will be two
more, one for November and one for December.
The portfolio for the October promotion contained many facts, figures and illustrations to aid in October canned sauce sales.
It gives various facts of infor- mation such as that Ocean Spray wound up its fiscal year with a civilian sales increase of 31 per- cent; and that 200,000 copies of a recipe book have been sold at 10 cents each. Each ad in a national magazine brings in new orders. To quote:
"During the past year the Wom- an's Home Companion sent a questionaire to its readers to learn how frequently they use cranberry sauce and how they serve it. 75
(Continued on Page 18)
|v
• Steep slopes, fence rows, ditches, broad lawns, even under water Jari's rigid knife cuts a yard wide! It's self-propelled . . . you just guide it. Cuts up to 5 acres a day on 5 quarts of fuel!
NEW POWER SPRAY ATTACHMENT Ten gallon attachment bolts on in place of cutter. Sprays weed or bug killer. Hose and boom for trees and water paints. See it today.
':^kp}Il
CO.
IISI ffASHINQTON BTBEEX WESt NEWTON 6S. MA».
Ftv»
W. ERNEST CROWELL NEWCOMER TO
CAPE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY,
BUT IS MAKING HIS MARK QUICKLY
Is of the Noted Barnstable County Cranberry Growing Family— Was Chairman of NECSCO Management Com- mittee— Is an Attorney and Land Surveyor, by CLARENCE J. HALL W. Ernest Crowell of Dennis, Massachusetts, has been really active in the cranberry industry only since 1947. At that time he came back to Cape Cod, just before the death of his father, William Crowell, well known in uhe Massachusetts industry, to take over his cranberry inter- ests. Two years later he assisted in an important function, the reor- ganization of the New England Cranberry Sales Company, serving as chairman of a management committee. He is now probably a permanent cranberry grower, managing and being part or entire owner of about 81 acres.
As the son of the late William Crowell and the grandson of Captain
William Crowell, bog builder, the man who opened the first cranberry
commission house in New York as early as 1855, and also from New York
sold Massachusetts vines to New Jersey when the Jersey cranberry boom
was just beginning, he would seem to be entitled to a place within the
Industry. Besides being a cranberry man now, William Ernest Crowell
is a registered land surveyor and a member of the Massachusetts bar.
His Father Staunch Member This committee, says Mr. Crow-
NECSCO ell, with the approval of the
His father had been a staunch directors, managed the organiza-
member of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company for many years. He was severely injured in an automobile accident in 1946, from which he never fully recov- ered. So it was natural that Ern- est Crowell, upon taking over the responsibilities of his father, should become a member of that cooperative. However, he is also a director of National Cranberry Association.
When the New England was in the deepest of its financial and other diff'iculties, Crowell was an interested attendant at the meet- ings and frequently took part in the discussions. Perhaps that was partly due to the same instincts which made him become an at- torney.
A Boston bank to which the co- op was in debt refused to do fur- ther business with the co-op un- less its affairs were handled by a new arrangement. So it was vot- ed to place these affairs in the hands of a management commit- tee. The management committee was composed of Mr. Crowell, chairman, and four others, George Briggs, Robert C. Hammond, Paul E. Thompson and Carroll Grifi"ith.
tion for approximately a year, holding, at first, meetings almost weekly, later less often as matters were straightened out, but more than 30 all told. At the annual N. E. Sales meeting in April Chairman Crowell made a report, saying that the bank was satisfied with the progress made, and as the committee was appointed for one year, it was dissolved.
The committee was then replaced by the usual executive committee with more members, these includ- ing the members of the manage- ment committee and about five others. Piesident Homer L. Gibbs is chairman of this committee, of which, of course, Crowell is a member. John C. Makepeace is now treasurer of the New Eng- land. Is Certain "N. E. Will Come Back"
Asked his opinion of the future of the New England Sales Com- pany, he said, "It is now only a question of time before it can work itself entirely out of its difficul- ties, chief of which is its debt. I think this will take from one to three years. I hone not more than two, but this will depend upon the return upon the crops for these
years, beginning with this Fall."
Mr. Crowell is scholarly in ap- pearance and measures his words carefully, more in the manner of a scientist than of many lawyers.
Asked a second question, this about the future of American Cranberry Exchange, his reply was: "The Exchange has an as- sured future, People will continue to eat fresh cranberries for many years." He added the National is doing a wonderful job in the can- ning of sauce and in devising new processed uses for cranberries. Cranberry Industry Future Sound
As to the future of the cran- berry industry as an entirety, he could see no reason why such an old-established industry should vanish. "I think people will con- tinue to eat cranberries, if they can get them at reasonable prices, and I think the industry will be able to supply them at such prices. I think the industry will soon get cut of its troubles of the past two or three seasons. Whether profits in the future will be as large as in the past may be doubtful."
Mr. Crowell considers that one over-all cooperative would be "fine'', and this could be done with two contributing co-ops, one for fresh fruit and one for canned, more or less as at present, or per- haps better, under a single control- ling management. But, he said, legal aspects must be considered in any action and the laws as re- gard cooperatives complied with.
lUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated
FLUMES
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Small Grower Will Not Vanish
As concerns individual growers or companies, he believes the trend to larger and larger operators will continue and there probably will be fewer growers. On the other hand, he says, he is sure there will al- ways be many small growers.
He reaches this conclusion from the fact that large operators with financial resources to purchase modern equipment, to buy supplies in large quantities, and to main- tain year-round crews do not have all the advantage on their side. "The big fellows have tremendous overhead, continuing', usually, the year around. The small grower tan often do much of his own work and make substantial savings in production costs. The small grow- er won't disappear." Has Ancient Cape Background
Ernest Crowell was born at Dennis, January 29, 1904, the son of William Crowell, his mother be- ing Frances I. Higgins of Well- fleet. The Crowells are one of the earliest families on the Cape, the immigrant ancestor having been John Crowe (Cro, Crowel, Crowell), the name probably being of Nor- man origin, but changed in Eng- land. John Crowe (Crowell) came to this country first to Charles- town, as did many Cape first set- tlers, then to Yarmouth, of which Dennis was originally a part, in 1637, and built a house by Scargo Lake, which is not far from where Ernest now lives. The Crowells, since almost the beginning of the industry on Cape Cod, have been interested and important in the cranberry industry.
Attending and graduating- from Dennis grade and High schools, Ernest attended Mt. Hermon, near Northfield, Mass., being graduated in 1922. He then returned to the Cape, and farmed, did land sur- veying, and some cranberry work also for about seven years. He then went to Boston and entered the employment of an insurance company, the Maryland Casualty. He was in the employment of this company from 1928 to 1938 as claims adjuster. He worked not only from Boston, but from Wor- cester, Mass., Portland, Me., and other places. He was attending Northeastern Law School at Bos-
ton nights, studying law. He was admitted to the bar in 1934. In Legal Department of Insurance Company
From the claims department he was advanced to the legal depart- ment of the insurance company and was engaged in this work when his father's health became poor and he came back to Dennis to take over, in 1947.
The bog interests which he man- ages are mostly in Wareham. The properties were built by his grand- father, largely in conjunction with Luther Hall of Dennis, a prominent pioneer in his day. These bogs, six in all, were built about 1885 and the Wareham location was chosen because even by that time many of the best sites on the Cape had already been made into bog or were being held for bog purposes. The advance of the industry from Barnstable County (Cape Cod) up into Wareham, Carver and other Plymouth county towns was under- way. In this movement Crowell and Hall were among the leaders.
These bogs are the Locke, about 21 acres; the C. C. & H., % acre; and the North, about 3 acres, all nearby off the Tihonet road; the Harlow Brook, 21 acres,
off Route 28, and the Besse bog, 2 acres; the Old Orchard, 23 acres, near Harlow Brook; total acreage, 70% acres.
As bogs of decades ago, these were set to a number of varieties, Blacks and Howes predominating, with some Smalley Howes and McFarlins. These bogs have good or adequate water supplies at most times, all by gravity flow.
The bogs are held in undivided ownership, owners in some being rather numerous, in others less so. Crowell manages them all.
Here it may be mentioned that in addition to being a co-builder of these bogs (with the exception of the Besse) and of his ventures in opening the commission house in New York and also operating the vine-selling business, Capt. Crow- ell was considerable of an inven- tor.
Grandfather Early Cranberry Inventor
He invented at least one picking machine, and probably more. He patented one Nov. 24, 1874. Wheth- er it was ever successfully used or not is not known, but it is be- lieved the machine was used on bogs in the Dennis vicinity. As early as 1883 he had invented what
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we would call today a ventilated cranberry shipping box. Patent called it a "fruit box, or barrel, having grooves".
Returning to Ernest, he is entire owner of about ten acres of bog in active bearing, the acreage be- ing scattered in several small bogs in different sections of Den- nis. These, too, are older bogs, and like many Cape bogs do not have too ample water supplies. Ernest Developed Unusual Irri- gation Methods
On one, in the new Boston sec- tion, he solved this problem suf- ficiently to give him Summer irri- gation by digging a sump along- side. This is a method much prac- ticed on the West Coast. He had a bulldozer dig down to water lev- el. It was quite a problem to keep the water from rising rapidly so that the bulldozer was not in- undated too deeply. He found the solution to this in two powerful pumps and the natural action of the bulldozer which removed con- siderable water with each load of earth. This sump is about 70 feet long by 35 wide and water can be held to a level of four feet. HHow- ever much he pumps from the sump onto this bog, the level in th esump has never gone down to less than three feet and it always refills promptly.
The second bog, known as "Het- ty's", near his house, is irrigated in Summer by a different method. This was by sinking a well 60 feet down to a good supply of water held by gravel. The water is raised by a five-inch Diesel-action piston pump, the lift being about 25 feet.
On all his bogs in Dennis Win- ter coverage is by natural water- shed flowage.
Mr. Crowell was married in 1931 to Annie A. Ryder in the adjacent town of Brewster. The Crowells have three children: William, Jr., 17, Charles F., 15, and Cynthia, 11. Lives in Old Cape Home
The family lives in a typical old Cape Cod homestead on Elm Street, built by Peter Hall, a one- time wealthy citizen of the town, in about 1790-1800. It was the house in which his father lived. There are barns, and one of the few remaining old Cape Cod fences
E%ht
With knobs on the posts surrounds part of the propei'ty.
The affiliations of Mr. Crowell, besides the New England Cran- berry Sales Company and NCA, are: Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, Lower Cape Cod Cran- berry Club, ape od Society of Pro- fessional Land Surveyors, the Dennis Grange, and the Dennis Union church.
What hobbies has Mr. rowell ? Pishing salt water fishing for the big striped bass in the late Fall, he said. But he really has an- other hobby, he admitted, when asked. It is an interest in Cape Cod history, cranberry history and Cape Cod genealogy. This was readily understandable by his knowledge of these matters. But in this, he said, his late father, William Crowell, far exceeded him.
Cranberry Field Day Draws 150 To Long Beach Station
About 150 attended the annual Cranberry Field Day at the Cran- berry-Blueberry Station at Long Beach on August 23, these included growers from Long Beach, Gray- land and Clatsop areas.
An interesting session was held on the State bog where a study is being made in cross-pollination of
the MacFarland variety with vari- ous other varieties. Object of the experiment is to bring about fruit ripening earlier, so as to put the harvest season ahead, asd also of heavier yields. A nuniber of com- binations have been tried and the; most promising of these experi- ments will be continued over a ' period of years, to see if the re- sults are lasting, and of genuine ' value to the cranberry growers.
Dr. D. J. Crowley, in an address I gave information concerning his experiments on different plots in the use of chemical fertilizers in varying amounts and combinations of nitrates, phosphates and potash. This is an experiment that will take some years to complete, and] he indicated that so far, the use' of nitrates, in the form of ammo- nium sulphate are of m'uch prom- ise, and in moderate applications.
Including those attending were: Dr. J. C. Knott of Washington State College at I^ullman and Mrs. Knott and County Agent Jack Woods of the Coos Bay area of Oregon.
Noonday potluck lunch was served by a committee of the Peninsula Cranberry Club; being composed of Mrs. Crowley, Mrs. Charles Nelson and Mrs. R. B. Saunders; assisting, were Frank Glenn, Joe Rowe, Elwell Chabot, W. H. Morton and Mrs. John Sacks.
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E. A. TRACKER
Brewer & Lord
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40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Marketing, Main Topic at Annual Meeting, Cape Association..
Speakers Seem Much More Encouraged over Sales of Coming Crop — E. L. Bar- tholomew New President — Hydraulic Sander Chief In Interest in Equipment.
Contrary to custom, the "theme" at the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, East Wareham, August 21, may be said to have been marketing. Successful selling of the produc- tion this Fall was in all growers' minds, as it has been for months.
The preliminary forecast by C. D. Stevens, N. E. Crop Reporting Service, released at the meeting, that production then indicated was 915,000 barrels (complete forecast elsewhere in this issue) did little to remove the subject of disposal from their thoughts.
However, growers were encour- aged by talks upon sales promotion plans, and expressions of optimism by State Agricultural officals and others. A featured speaker was the new Commissioner of Agricxil- ture, Henry T. Broderick, making his first appearance before cran- berry men. A mechanical high- light was a demonstration of a hydraulic sander, being experi- mented by the University of Mas- sachusetts. Of interest also were the latest developments in the plans to bring Puerto Rican agri- cultural workers to assist in the harvest (more details elsewhere), given by Frank Butler.
Officers Elected
Officers nominated by a com- mittee consisting of Raymond Morse of West Warehem, Charles N. Savery of Cotuit and Marshall Seibermann of Harwich, and elect- ed without opposition were: presi- dent, Edward L. Bartholomew of Wareham, succeeding Melville C. Beaton of Wareham, who had served the customary two years; 1st vice-president, Robert S. Handy of Cataumet; 2nd vice-president, Kenneth Garside of Duxbury; sec- retary (re-elected) Gilbert T. Bea- ton of Wareham; treasurer, Ruth Beaton (Mrs. Gilbert T. Beaton); directors: Melville C. Beaton, Dr. Henry J. Franklin of East Ware- ham, John Shields of Osterville, Ferris C. Waite of Kingston, Rob- ert C. Hammond of East Ware- ham, Russell Makepeace of Mar-
ion, Raymond Syrjala of Hyannis, Ralph Thacher of Hyannis, Lewis F. Billings of Plympton; honorary directors, Franklin E. Smith of Boston, Chester E. Vose of Marion. Reading of reports opened the meeting at 10 a. m. Treasurer R. Thelma Tamagini, who resigned because of pressure of other work, gave the financial report, which showed a grand total of assets of the corporation as $5,032.26. Membership had declined slightly, being 205, there having been 214 last year.
Frost Report
J. Richard Beattie offered the frost report. There are 177 sub- scribers to the warning service conducted by the association, a drop of only 3 from last year. Number of frost warnings sent out this spring was unusually heavy, there having been 34, with only 45 last year. Spring and Fall. Beat- tie explained the warnings go out by telephone through seven dis- tributors. He told of the supple- mentary radio service with warn- ings from WBS, New Bedford,
Upper Photo: Henry T. Broderick, Commissioner of Aericulture, Massachusetts, center, talks with Dr. Dale Selling, dean of the College of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, left, and Sidney Vaughan, director of Massachusetts County Agents.
Lower: E. L. Bartholomew, new president of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, left, shakes hands with his predecessor, M. C. Beaton, second vice president. Kenneth Garside, elect, stands behind.
(CRANBEKRIES Photo)
Nine
WOCB, West Yarmouth, and WBZ, Boston.
He urged gi-eater support of this service, prepared by Dr. Franklin and others of the Station staff, saying- that the more subscribers there are, the less is the cost. However, he said, he considered it very satisfactory that there had not been a greater loss of mem- bers, due to the unsatisfactory financial condition of most grow- ers. He praised the untiring work of Dr. Franklin, in particular, in being on duty day and evening con- stantly during Spring and frost seasons.
Russell Makepeace reported up-
on the Henry J. Franklin collection at the cranberry library, Middle- boro Public Library, saying there are 47 bound volumes, plus hun- dreds of other items and it is the greatest collection of cranberry information in the world.
Ralph Thacher reported for a recently formed research commit- tee. He said the development of the hydraulic sander was the first actual result, and there are three more research projects in mind at present.
Need of Membership Stressed
Mr. Bartholomew, in accepting the presidency, declared the asso-
r~ir^
HYDRAULIC SANDING DEMONS I KAIION — Upper: Sand being flushed out of a sand bank at State bog. George Rounseville, left, and Prof. Earle Cox operating hose. Lower: Sand 'n water in a slrean^. comin" out of olastic hose, as sanding a bog is demonstrated on shore of State Bog at annual Cape Meeting.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Ten
ciation had completed more than 50 years of e.xistence and had com- pleted many things of value to the industry. "We have never squab- bled among ourselves. We have stuck solidly together in all things for the good of the industry." Lack of Interest
Continuing, he said the greatest trouble concerning the association was a lack of interest among many growers and that 205 members, with a total of approximately 1200 in the state was not a good show- ing. He said the association need- ed building up and declared mem-| bershio should be at least 1,000.
A principal speaker was Henry Broderick, Massachusetts Com- missioner of Agriculture.
"The cranberry growers are making more progress in pulling themselves out of their price dif- ficulties than any other in the state", said Mr. Broderick. He said that salesmanship was the only answer to a group of agri- culturists who produced more than a market seemed willing to buy. Growers of cranberries were well organized to push cranberries, both fresh and processed, through good merchandising.
He paid the state agricultural department was seeking to "adver- tise" the fruit and vegetable pro- ducts of Massachusetts. He said this could be done through radio and television, to mention two mediums. He said a farm radio program is being organized which will be entitled "Under the Sacred Cod". Another excellent way to publicize a single product, he add- ed, was to invite editors of farm journals to visit farms, orchards or cranberry bogs and let them see for themselves how a product is produced. "Show them how you grow cranberries. Once they've seen the 'how' for themselves they will probably write more about cranberries."
Research Valuable
Dr. Dale Sieling, dean of the Agricultural College of the Uni- versity of Massachusetts, ex- plained the value of research, say- ing there are three kinds, theoret- ical, fundamental, and applied. An example of applied research was the new hydraulic sander, he said. It was hoiked, also, that besides uti- lizing the three methods of re- search, help could be given in mar- keting.
Sidney Vaughan, who succeeded James W. Dayton as director of county agents in Massachusetts Extension Service, said the pur- pose of Extension was to help growers to helo themselves.
Chester E. Chaney, former man- ager of American Cranberry Ex- change, now I'etired, received con- siderable of an ovation when he spoke briefly, saying he was still interested in the cranberry indus- try and he thought the growers
could look forward to a good sea- son (price-wise) this Pall.
Competition Desirable — Bryant
His successor, Harold E. Bryant, said he was "green" to cranber- ries and hoped all growers would help him learn, so that ACE might help all growers. "Let us worlc col- lectively". He then said he want- ed to leave a thought and that was that there should be one organiza- tion in each industry which could be a "dominant" factor in stabil- izing prices by 50 per cent, per- haps, of production. "But if you concentrate all the power in a sin- gle organization that control can be good or bad."
Russell Makepeace read from a prepared manuscript by the pres- ident of the Growers' Council, John C. Makepeace. This ex- plained why it was believed such a body should have been set up, because neither fresh fruit nor processing organizations could operate alone, and there must be coordination. There was now a consumers' market for 1,000,000 barrels of cranberries each year, Mr. Makepeace said, and this mar- ket was established last year when about such a quantity was sold. This year the market would prob- ably he incre'ased and processed fruit would take more than half the crop. It was stressed that very soon present acreage will probably be capable of producing an average crop of 1,250,000 bar- rels.
Fresh Fruit Sole Promotion
Speaking in behalf of the Fresh Fruit Institute, with quarters in New York, was Robert Knox, its manager. This unit is to promote the sale of fresh cranberries alone, using no brand names. It is made up of Morse Brotliers of Attleboro, 'Mass., Cape Cod Cran- berry Cooperative of Plymouth, Beaton's Distributing Agency of Wareham, Decas Brothers of Wareham, Anthony DeMarco of New Jersey, and the American Cranberry Exchange.
Each member is being assessed 1/3 2 of a cent a barrel, making up a fund expected to reach $24,000. With this it is hoped to obtain publicity to the value of $1,000,- OCO. This will be obtained through tie-ins with national firms produc- ing other products, through maga- zines, newspapers, trade journals, home economics teachers, radio and television. In the kitchen of the Institute more than 200 "new and varied" reciises have been de- veloped, and these will be made available to various mediums. "More people are going' to see more, learn more and hear more about, and we hope, buy more fresh cranberries than in any year in the past."
Nahum Morse, president of the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, at
present limited to Massachusetts, said the Mutual, as it's name im- plies, was organized to protect the mutual interest of all growers and to restore confidence of growers in their leaders and selling agencies. Better Salesmanship
Walter Piper, Division of Mar- keting of the Massachusetts De- partment of Agriculture, said he was not surprised the cranberry men were troubled with sales prob- lems when they were producing bumper crops every year now. The only solution to successful market- ing was better salesmanship, he said.
Prof. Stapleton, head of the en- gineering department of the U. of M., told of the work being done there, such as unon the hydraulic sander, this being in the hands of Prof. Earle Cox, who has spent five months on the project. The idea was first put forward, he said, by "Joe" Kellev of the East Ware- ham Experiment Station. He hint- ed at other projects, such as screening by means of setting up a magnetic field. He urged grow- ers to put machines to work for them, as the power of each man is worth but one-tenth of a horse-
power, while the power of machin- ery is almost limitless.
Hydraulic Sander
Prof. Cox explained the work- ings of the hydraulic sander. He said this was simply a "jet" which forced water and sand through a hose with a nozzle at the end through which the sand was pumped and spread over the bog surface. He said this should be capable of 10 yards of sand per hour, per jet, and that two jets could be operated by one engine. He asked growers to cooperate in experiments on their bogs this Fall, and hoped to test out results on 40 or 50 acres.
Exhibits
Concluding event of the after- noon was a demonstration of the jet. Other mechanical equipment displayed was the Spee-Dee Cran- berry Pilling Machine, produced by the Paul L. Karstrom Company of Chicago, a "Scythette", and a brand-new type power pruner, both handled by the C. & L. Equip- ment Company of Acushnet.
At noon lunch was served by
(Continued on Page 20)
For the first time in cranlerry histnry a POWER PRUN- ENG MACHINE thct will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY
SAVER.
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F. P. CRANDON U91 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
*
Eleven
The Fresh Fruit Institute Assures Results For '51
by
Robert Knox, Director of Publicity,
Fresh Fruit Institute
New York City
Let me make a prediction —
This year more people are going to read about fresh cranberries, hear about fresh cranberries and be continually reminded of fresh cranberries than in any year in the history of the industry.
This can be attributed to a sin- gle, simple fact — the agencies that sell fresh cranberries agreed last spring to pool their resources in behalf of the industry as a whole by setting up the Fresh Cranberry Institute.
The Institute's Job
To put it simply, it's the job of the Institute to go over the heads of the retailers, the wholesalers, the jobbers and brokers directly to the U. S. consumer with the story of fresh cranberries.
To do this, the Institute works through the channels normally used in reaching the public — newspapers and magazines, television and ra-
dio stations, conventions and dem- onstrations.
The organizations which make up the membership of the Institute market fi'esh ci'anberries under a variety of brand names. These brand names are important be- cause they help sell cranberries. But the Institute does not (in fact, can not) make use of these brand names in its work.
The Fresh Cranberry Institute can thus be described as an indus- try-wide, non-profit organization set up to serve as a single, central source of information about "fresh cranberries."
It is estimated that close to 90 per cent of all cranberries sold fresh in 1951 will be handled by P. C. I. members. This is of real significance to the industry. Never before have so many sales agencies agreed upon a single sales objec- tive— to sell more fresh cranberries at a better price.
Moreover, the door to member- ship in the F. C. I. is wide open to the few remaining sales agen- cies who haven't yet decided to pitch in.
How the Institute Works A basic job of the Institute is recipe research work. For this purpose a test kitchen has been set
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up, equipped with a full line of' General Electric appliances. Here, trained home economists develop new and easy ways of using fresh cranberries, with special emphasis on recipes which call for little or no cooking, and warm weather dishes and drinks.
Those of us employed by the F. C. I. regard ourselves as sales- men for the cranberry industry. We are making every effort to keep the industry's sales problems in mind.
Warm weather recipes are get- ting special attention because fresh cranberries have never sold as well during warm fall periods as in colder weather. The "quick and easy" recipes are in keeping with the times. We are attempt- ing to show housewives that fresh cranberries are for all practical purposes a "ready mix" — and call
(Continued on Paje 20)
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Twelve
Vol. 16-No. 5 ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER 1951
NO "HORSE AND BUGGY" TODAY
WE have heard people sigh for the "good old horse and buggy" days, and by that we think they mean chiefly the sim- plicity of an earlier era. Applying that to the cranberry industry, the growing and selling of cranberries Is anything but sim- ple in the yccir 1951.
The growing can scarcely be called less simple than when there were only a few very ordinary insecticides, and man power, which is said to represent only one-tenth of one horse-power, provided most of the energy which went into the production of the fruit, plus a few simple gadgets which growers could make themselves. Today a man has almost to be an engineer or at least a mechanic to understand and to op- erate or have operated satisfactorily, the various machines which have been devel- oped to aid him.
As a matter of fact, the growers have so mastered the modern machinery and insecticides, fungicides and herbicides that they are growing ever-increasing barrelage upon the same acreages.
But we will ignore the production end at this point and turn to marketing. Here, it seems, is where the greater complexities come in. We live in a vastly diiferent "food" world than that of our fathers and forefathers. This is an age of the most in- tensive competition for the dollar of the consumer. He can eat almost any kind of edible produced on the face of the earth — if he has the cash to pay for it.
In selling cranberries at a price to re- turn him a reasonable profit, he must adopt the newest of methods of merchandising and this includes the newest trends in ad- vertising and in obtaining what is called "publicity". This the industry, as a unit, is attempting to do. If all we hear at var- ious meetings of what is being done along these lines is true — and we have no reason to believe it is not — we are making prog- ress in this new and, to many an old-line grower, strange field of merchandising.
We are competing, this being said with some exaggeration, with almost everyone who produces anything for sale, particular- ly in the food line. And they are compet- ing with us and with everybody else, also. The complexities can make the head swim. Who would have thought a relatively few years ago that cranberries would be in
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
AdvertiBing rates upon application
]^^rIitoJr nnd Publiolicx
CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALLr-Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pembcrton, New Jersey
competition, say with apples, via the tele- vision? Television wasn't even dreamed of then.
Cranberries are an old industry, yet old though we be we seem to have within our ranks, or working for us, leaders in all these new fields. We are sure cranberries will not become a forgotten fruit.
II/'ITH the foregoing in mind, and the pre- dicted strong demand for most agri- cultural products, the defense program be- coming a bigger element in the national economy, providing more for most of us, directly or indirectly, farmers' cash receipts estimated as running about 19 per cent ahead of last year, why be too fearful? Of course time will tell. We await with interest, as does everyone else in the in- dustry, the opening fresh fruit price — and the final results of the selling of the '51 crop.
Thirteen
Possibility Of Large Mass. Crop Reported By NE
Co-op Holds Pre-Harvest Meeting — ACE Speakers ODtimistic as to Price and Market Outlook — Federal Tax on Co-ops Discussed.
Possibility of a larger ci'op in Massachusetts than the prelimi- nary U. S. D. A. forecast of Au- gust 21, the improved prepared- ness of American Cranberry Ex- change to do a better job of "mer- chandising," and a "warning" that steps should be taken by co-op members to prevent a Federal tax being established against co-ops, were the highlights of the annual pre-harvest meeting of New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company at Carver town hall, August 31. A keynote was the genuine optimism of ACE officials and others that the 1951 prices will be m'ore satis- factory than in several years past.
Meeting was presided over by President Homer L. Gibbs and did not occupy a full day as usual, but only the forenoon.
Miss Sue Pitman giving the cus- tomary estimate of the Massachu- sett's production made by NECS CO said, that with 80 percent of membership reporting, indications were there could be an increase of 1% percent over the Government estimate of 580,000 barrels, and there might be nearly 600,000 picked instead. One reason for this would be the large size of the fruit as it was then shaping up, and another, that with better prices definitely hoped for, grow- ers might pick more cleanly than with the depression prices of last year, and that also floats might come into the picture again.
Division of the crop by varieties was again rather different than the Federal forecast, these being: Early Blacks, 61 percent; Howes, 3.3, and others, 6.
One FOB Pr^ce
General Manager Harold E. Bry- ant in a talk announced the re-
Fourteen
turn to a one-price system, such as was in effect prior to 1948. That is, that the price would be the same for all buyers, with the only difference in the F. O. B. fig- ure being in the matter of freight charges for different distances from the point of shipnT2nt to the market.
E. Clyde McGrew asserted he Dellevcd a-*'.woak link" in Exchange marketing had been eliniinqted by establishing better relations with chain store and other outlets.
Referring to the consumer pack- age he said this comparitively re- cent development has driven the producers of all perishable fruits and vegetables to ship in smaller containers with more frequent de- liveries. "This makes it all the more important that there be only quality fruit packed and shipped," he said. "What tender fruit there is can be disposed of through an- other channel."
He also told members to bear in mind all shipments were being made under the laws of the land and this meant that a container m'ust contain the full stipulated amount of content, when bought by the customer whether this was a few days after shipment or a month.
McGrew Optimistic
Concluding, he declared, "I am very optimistic about the outlook for the whole selling season ahead. Prospects, I think are the best since 1947."
Stanley Benson of the ACE staff, reported he had covered more than 3,000 miles in four weeks this Summer, visiting some 30 mar- kets, mostly in the southeastern part of the country. He said the south was a "tought nut" to crack for cranberries, or, so he had been frequently told, but that he was sure fresh fruit sales in this dis- trict of the U. S. would be upped this year. "Almost every dealer I visited was cheerful about in- creasing his sales of fresh fruit and vegetables as against canned products and of course this in- cludes cranberries."
He said the Exchange now has nearly 100 representatives all over the country, not, of course, that many on ACE payroll, but includ- ing those interested in pushing
Eatmor cranberries in one way or another.
Lloyd H. Williams
Lloyd H. Williams, new mer- chandising manager of ACE made his first appearance before the membership of the N. E., saying that modern merchandising has been the "missing link"' in the whole Exchange sales structure, or so he had been informed.
Merchandising programs of fresh fruits and vegetables are nothing- new, he asserted, and these intensive progiams have been used with remarkable success by some industries. However, such pro- gram's have not been taken up by the producers of most fruits and vegetables.
The competition betv/een product and product is "extremely tough" today, he said, and one of the main ideas is to get a product ade- quately and "brightly" displayed in a retail market. "Madam Housewife when she goes out to shop does not make up her mind, in the instance of most items, of what she is to buy until she sees what is displayed when she reaches the store."
He further explained this was the first year of such merchandis- ing by ACE and that too much could not be expected in a single season, but that certain "test areas," had been set up, especially in the Southeast, and these would be watched, and results applied to the planning of the disposal of the '52 crop.
Raymond Morse said special em- phasis would be laid this year upon reducing high overhead at the vari- ous company screenhouses. He said this would have to be done chiefly by preventing time-and-a- half labor, that is over-time work, and he felt this could be done with- out working any hardships upon the m-ambers, if they would fully cooperate.
J. C. Makepeace
J. C. Makepeace informally dis- cussed a number of what he termed "possibilities" concerning the crop regarding size, how it might be disposed of and final outcome of the season. He said that canning will call for more and more of the total production. NCA was, at the moment short 150,000 barrels of
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Vhat was on hand last year, and fill need 500,000 barrels, he said. le declared he figured production n the "optimistic" side, as he for ine, intended to pick "cleaner" han last year and that some loats might come into the picture, igain, all of which would increase •rop potential.
Also he said, New Jersey could 'lave more than the preliminary ■stimate, and that Wisconsin might lave as many as last year. As for he West Coast production, this vas already adm'ittedly more than n 'HO.
"If these possibilities come about ve might have as large a crop as ast year," he remarked, "but get t clearly in your minds these 'orecasts are not what I think, )ut are 'possibilities' which have .0 be considered." Markets were ost in the short 1944 crop, when here were not enough cranberries .0 supply demand, and also lost vhen the price of cranberries cached |30 a barrel and up to 1.36. "Lost markets are difficult to egain." He said the best way to iell fresh fruit is to maintain, if
possible, a relatively standard price level.
"By and large," he said, "I think market prospects are better than last year," however, he added he hoped growers would not ex- pect too much.
The matter of the Puerto Rican labor was brought up. Cranberry Specialist "Dick" Beatty, saying that these workers in the Dighton (Mass.) market gardening area had proven very satisfactory. President Gibbs said that Theo- dore H. Budd of Pemberton, N. J., had employed six last Spring and had found them excellent workers.
Gibbs said that 20 of the con- tingent of these American citizens had been alloted to New England Cranberry Sales and he urged member-growers who needed this labor to make their applications without hesitation.
In conclusion of the meeting Mr. Bryant brought out the matter of a Federal tax upon the patronage profits of co-ops and suggested that members write to their sena- tors and representatives in protest.
BANDON CRANBERRY
FESTIVAL TO BE NOVEMBER 2 AND 3
Plans for the annual "Bandon (Oregon) Cranberry Festival are well under way, with preliminary meeting having taken place. Dates have been set as November 2 and 3, Friday and Saturday.
The Bandon Cranberry Festival Association serves as a community booster, for the purpose of promot- ing interest in the Bandon cran- beiTy industry. The queen contest begins this month.
To be elgible as a candidate in the contest a girl must be a junior or senior in high school, with at least average grades, whose resi- dence is within the area bounded by Riverside on the north and Port Orford on the south and she must be sponsored by a civic group, club or lodge.
BE A SUBSCRIBER TO
CRANBERRIES
Fifteen
Summer Meeting of American Cranberry Growers Association
The Summer meeting, August 30th at the Anthony DeMarco bogs, Chatsworth, was very well attended. Although the day was hot, it was comfortably cool in Mr. DeMarco's new sorting house for the morning speaking program and for lunch.
President William S. Haines opened the meeting with a strong appeal that growers remember what can be accomplished with cranberries when good hard work is put into the growing part of the job. He feels that there are good times ahead for growers who will keep their bogs in good condi- tion and follow a program of re- planting. Now that planting ma- chinery is successful, this is no longer so difficult. Young bogs are the finest producers. Report on Cranben-jy Scale Control
Dr. Martin T. Hutchinson of the Cranberry and Blueberry Research Laboratory, Pemberton, reported on progress with experiments on the control of cranberry scale. Al- though the results at harvest time will be needed before the story is complete, the data taken on scale population on foliage show disap- pointment with some materials and encouraging control with others. There was considerable discussion on the effect of spraying and dust- ing in upsetting Nature's control of various pests.
Color Slides
Walter Z. Fort showed a series of colored slides depicting the life history of important cranberry in- sects. The enlargement and clear detail of many forms which are hard to find on the bog made this part of the program particularly instructive.
Visit to DeMarco's Bogs
The afternoon was spent touring the DeMarco bogs and viewing the extensive work done in renovated and replanted bogs. Bogs planted in 1948 and 1949 were done by hand and those in 19.50 by machine. The latter are on a new tract where special provisions have been made for frost control and irriga-
Snapped at the meeting were: Anthony DeMarco of Hammonton, host (left); William S. Haines of Chatsworth (cen- ter), President of American Cranberry Growers' Association; and (right) Charles S. Doehlert, secretary-treasurer of the association. (Photo through
courtesy of The Mount Holly Herald, Mount Holly, New Jersey).
tion during dry weather. Both sides of the tract and a large cen- tral canal may be easily flooded from' the reservoir. The reservoir itself is not too close to the head of the bog.
''Lew" Norwood Leaves Plymouth Cranberry Work
Massachusetts Asst. County Agent, who has been Act- ive in this Field, has been Named to Education Po- sition, Covering all New England.
Plymouth County cranberry growers have lost t?.e services of Lewis F. Norwood, Jr., who for the past few years, as assistant county agent with the Extension Service at Brockton has been especially assigned by Director "Joe" T. Brown to specialize in cranberry work. "Lew" Norwood has been named retail marketing specialist of the New England Extension Services distributive education pro- gram. He will be responsible for the development of the newly established educational program with retailers and other food dis- tributors in the New England States.
Norwood, who is a native of Rockport, Mass., and recently liv- ing at Whitman, will be located in Boston. His work will be under the direction of Charles E. Eshbach, di- rector of the New England Exten- sion Services' Marketing Informa- tion Program.
His work will include providing instruction, information and train- ing to retailers and other food dis- tributors in the improved handling of perishable food products, so that there may be better handling of perishable food products; so there may be better preservation of quality and reduced wastage in the handling of foods. He will be responsible for developing courses of training and dem'onstration, as well as organizing and developing the Extension Services' regional distributive education work. Coor|dination of Effort
Several of the New England States have done some of this work in the past, and several have dis- tributive education work under way at the presnt time. But this is the first time that a coordi- nated, regional approach has been made to the work by the Exten- sion Service of the University of Massachusetts. The New England Extension Services distributive education program is being con- ducted under the provisions of the Research and Marketing Act of 1946 and is cooperating with the United States Department of Agri- culture an dvarious other agencies and organizations.
The appointment of Norwood was announced by James W. Day- ton, director of Extension Service, U. of M., and Norwood was named because of establishing an out- standing record as one of the lead- ing county agents in the Massa- chusetts Extension Service. Successor Named
His successor is Dominic Marini, who is a native of Acton, Mass., where he was brought up on a market garden farm. Marini was graduated from the University of Massachusetts in the class of 1950. He was graduated with honors, majoring in horticulture.
Since graduation he has been working with the Atlantic Com- mission Company in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Director Brown is to assign Marini to handling work in market gardening, fruit and flori- culture. Brown expects that event- ually he will become sufficiently acquainted with the cranberry field to assume some responsibilities in this work, n the meantime, how- ever. Brown himself, who a few
Sixteen
years ago was very active in as- sisting the cranberry men, will take over the cranberry end as one of his duties.
Farm Labores of Puerto Rico Are In Massachusetts
240 of these American Citi- zens Flown in over Labor Day to Assist Cranberry Harvest.
The anticipated 240 Puerto Rican laborers arrived in South- eastern Massachusetts over the Labor Day weel<-end in time to assist in the cranberry harvest. They were brought in by plane from the island, to Logan Inter- national Airport at East Boston. Travelling via "Flying Tigers," and Eastern Air Lines, 60 to a plane, they were met by representatives of the cranberry industry and the New Bedford office of the Massa- chusettts Division of Employment Security. First contingent arrived Saturday, September 1, the sec- ond, Tuesday, the 4th and the final Wednesday, the 5th.
Upon arrival they were given a meal and then brought to the cran- berry area by special busses.
Plans for the arrival of these American citizens have been under way for the past two months, by committee of which Frank Butler is chairman, and Cranberry Spe- cialist "Dick" Beattie, secretary, in conjunction with Charles L. Buck- ley and others of the employment security office.
Assigned to Various Growers
They were assigned to growers or organizations who requested their service, these including N. E. Cranberry Sales Company, Na- tional Cranberry Association, A. D. Makepeace Company, R. C. Ever- son, Ruel Gibbs, Wales Andrews, Robert Hammond. Some were employed at the State Bog at East Wareham.
Each Puerto Rican is covered by individual contract with the grower and will remain until after har- vesting operations are completed. Living quarters are being supplied by the growers at the bogs, they
''Bill" Tomlinson Buys Bog Properties In Middlesex County
"William E. Tomlinson, Jr., now attached to the Waltherm Field Station (Waltham, Mass.) has pur- chased an old bog property at Hol- liston, which is in Middlesex Coun- ty, Massachusetts. In a much earlier day this county was fairly prominent in the cranberry indus- try, but today there are only a few bogs in operation, but they in- clude some excellent ones such as the preperty at Carlisle, formerly owned by Dr. Henry J. Franklin. "Bill" Tomlinson is known to many in the industry, since for a num'ber of years he was an as- sociate in research at the Cran- berry-Blueberry Station at Pem- berton. New Jersey. He has ap- peared on meeting programs in Jersey and in Massachusetts, and has contributed to CRANBERRIES magazine frequently. Specializing considerably in blueberry culture he was one of the trio who a few years ago isolated the particular sharp-nosed leafhopper which was causing so much damage in blue- berry fields by spreading blueberry stunt disease. In fact the spread of the disease was becoming very serious for the industry until the
also supplying necessary sleeping equipment, cooking utensils and other facilities. Including the value of these accomodations the rate of pay is approximately the prevail- ing wage.
It was emphasized by William W. Zink, manager of the New Bedford office of Employment Security that these island workers were recruited solely to increase the supply of available workers. Local workers were readilly ab- sorbed in addition. Those desiring office, and elsewhere, and New Bedford, after Labor Day a special branch office was opened at the Square Deal Garage, West Ware- ham, which is near many bogs of the Wareham, Carver, Middleboro, Rochester area. This registration has been a practice which has worked out well in the past two or three years.
vector was located after a 7 year research.
The property which Tomlinson has bought was originally known as the Batchelder bogs, and the original owner has been generally credited with developing the Cen- tennial variety. There are about 36 acres in the whole property, about half of which is bog and reservoir.
There are five small bearing bogs — about 10 acres in all — the better of which Tomlinson plans to retain for cranberries. On the poorer ones he plans to plant blue- berries. Which bogs he will devote to blueberries he has not yet de- cided, this being dependent upon a study for the next year or two as to how they perform for drain- age and flowage, and determining factors which might be adverse to blueberry culture.
The property has been in the Tibbets family since about 1900, and Tomlinson made the purchase from ugene L. Tibbetts of Hollis- ton. Another bog in HoUiston is owned by Carleton Barrows of Boston.
Tomlinson (CRANBERRIES, January 1947) is a native of New- ton, Massachusetts, in which town he with family is making his home. His training is that of entomolo- gist.
Meat consumption is expected to amount to about 148 pounds per person this year; 4 pounds more per capita than last year.
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Seventeen
NCA Cranberry Festival At Both Plymouth, Edaville
Huge Parade at Plymouth Morning of Columbus Day, Selection of National Queen from Cranberry States in Afternoon — Fol- lowing Day, Barbecue and Other Events at Edaville.
Third annual Massachusetts Cranberry Festival, sponsored by National Cranberry Association, is to be held this year at both Eda- ville in South Carver and historic Plymouth. The dates are Colum- bus Day, October 12 and Saturday, the 13th.
Events will start in Plymouth the morning of the 12th, at 10.30 with a huge parade. Prizes total- ing S500 will be awarded to the best float entered and for the best costume in the line. There will be several school bands from the cranberry-growing area and these will be in competition for a prize.
The National Cranberry Queen contest will be in the afternoon at the Athletic field from 2 to 4. The selection is to be on the spot, and not from photographs, as was done by NCA last year. It is hoped to have beautiful girls, each selected
in their own state, in the contest, the states being those growing cranberries, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Washington and Oregon. The winner will be crowned with acpropriate ceremony.
In the event of rain the event will be held in the Memorial audi- torium, which was one reason for the decision to hold one day of the event at Plymouth rather than en- tirely at Edaville, where there is not sufficient space to accommo- date the many hundreds who at- tenci.
Cranberry Square Dance
In the evening there will be a Cranberry Square dance. Growers are invited to participate in the grand march. There is planned a square dance band of a dozen pieces, with square dancing by everybody and an hour of exhi- bition dancing. Cranberry refresh- ments will be served.
Shifts to Edaville
On Saturday the scene shifts to Edaville. This part of the pro- gram had not been completely or- ganized as this issue goes to press. However, the feature will be the "chicken and cranberry barbecue", so much enjoyed last year. There will be rides on the miniature trains to witness cranberry har- vesting on the Atwood bogs if the weather is clear, and trips through the screening rooms.
Beaton's Distributing kgem^
NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS of
for over a quarter century in United States and Canada
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 130 or 970
There will be cranberry equip- ment exhibits, a cranberry recipe contest, and other special events, some especially designed for young people. An amateur photo contest will be held on both days, with cash prizes offered in three classes:
1, harvest scenes and bog-scapes;
2, the cranberry queen; 3, picture best portraying the spirit of the entire cranberry festival.
Growers who wish to exhibit equipment at Edaville are welcome to do so.
Festival Committee
The Festival committee consists of Walter Haskell of Plymouth (Old Colony Memorial), executive chairman; Massachusetts, Carlton H. Barrows, Betty Buchan, Orrin G. Colley, Kenneth Garside, Ar- thur Handy, Lea Kates, Theodore C. Kraft, Harold G. Morse, Ellen Stillman, Russell Sturtevant, Janet C. Taylor, Ralph Thacher, Chester W. Robbins; New Jersey, Edward V. Lipman, Walter Z. Fort; Wis- consin, C. D. Hammond, Jr., Leo Sorenson; West Coast, Dr. J. Har- old Clarke.
NCA Fall Program
(Continued from Page 5)
percent of the women said they buy their cranberry sauce in cans. 52 percent said they serve it once a month or more often. Sauce Selling at Tremendous Face
"We believe many buyers are not fully aware of the trem'endous pace at which cranberry sauce consumption has been increasing in the last few years. This has been brought about not only by Ocean Spray's intensive advertis- ing, but also by the cranberry ideas which editors of newspapers and magazines are passing on to their readers. . . Be sure your buyers are made aware of the ettent of this (promotion) work, and what it is doing to canned cranberry consumption. Repeat- edly we hear of buyers who under- estimate the rate at which Ocean Spray will sell. They are thinking in terms of 1948 or 1949.
"In the canned fruit section, cranberry sauce produced more sales per square foot than any other product, |18.01 sales of canned cranberry sauce per square foot as compared with an average
Eighteen
Employment Officials Meet in East Wareham
Southeastern Area officials of Massachusetts Division of Employment Security, snapped at the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, State Bog, East Wareham. Left to right: Ferris C. Waite, National Cranberry Association; James A. DeLong, Hyannis; R. J. Engle, State Supervisor of Agriculture; Merrill B. Walker, Supervisor of Employment Service; Henry T. Broderick, Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture; Joseph L. Brierley, Fall River, Charles L. Buckley, New Bedford, Walter S. Vickory, Brockton. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
for the canned fruit section of S6.75. What's more compare that $18.01 with sales of cofvee produce, cereals, baby foods . . . even soaps and canned soup . . . and you will be elated as we were. Here is un- biased proof of the way cranberry savce sells in October-November- December."
(Figures were based on a study conducted by the Progressive Grocer," a national magazine of the food trade, New York.)
Black virgin soils are not neces- sarily stocked with plant nutrients. Most virgin soils lack some im- portant mineral; many lack sev- eral of them.
An hour of work in a factory will buy, on the average, a larger quantity of nearly all kinds of foods than it would a year ago, according to the USDA. The average wage for an hour of fac- tory work in 1929 would buy 6.4 loaves of bi'ead - now it will buy about 10 loaves of bread.
ENJOY ADDED PROFITS
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THE SPEE-DEE FILLER IS SMOOTH & QUIET, LOW IN PRICE and UP- KEEP, TOO.
Fills 28 to 48 to more packages per minute.
For information write
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Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner
Nineteen
Wisconsin Sales Company Cheerful At Summer Meeting
Attitude of members of Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company was revealed as optimistic toward this year's marketing at the annual Summer meeting at the Elks Club, Wisconsin Rapids, August 23. About 85 attended.
Harold E. Bryant, ACE general manager, reported on the advertis- ing-Merchandising program of the Exchange, outlining sales policies and future plans of the Exchange. E. Clyde McGrew told of his trip around the various marketing dis- tricts of the country and said he could report the attitude this year toward cranberry sales is definite- ly cheerful. He explained the func- tions of Fresh Cranberry Institute and urged growers to be careful in both the quantity and quality of their pack.
Lester Haines of the Chicago of- fice of ACE provided his report of his travels with Lloyd Williams, new merchandising manager of ACE. He also discussed early ship- ments.
Members had the pleasure of meeting, for the first time, A. F. Wolford, new meteorologist in charge of the Frost Warning Ser- vice. He spoke briefly of the serv- ice and gave the weather forecast for the day. He was introduced by President Jean Nash, who, also, at the opening of the meeting, re-
F. F. I. Institute
(Continued on Page 12 )
for just as little work on their part as opening a package and prepar- ing any other "ready-mix" on the market.
What the Institute is Doing
Literally scores of new recipes have been developed during the spring and summer months. "New" recipes are essential because ma- ported on the operations of the company for the past year.
C. D. Hammond, Jr., in his re- port as manager reviewed the 1950 season, reported the financial con- ditions of the company, the oper- ating expenses, inventories, the amount of insect damage and other matters. He also discussed the automatic filling machine for win- dow boxes that the company is to experiment with this year.
Ralph Sampson, chairman of the pooling committee presented the pooling system to the members as recommended by the committee to the Board of Directors and in turn by the Board to the members. The system as recommended was adopted after discussion.
Marketing, Main Topic
(Continued from page 11) ladies of the Wareham Methodist church. Miss Barbara Smith, chair- man. Attendance was light in the morning, but by afternoon there were about 250 present. Meeting was held under the trees at the Station, and while there were a few sprinkles during the day, the weather held suff'iciently good to permit the entire session to be held outdoors.
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terial used by newspapers, maga- zines and television stations must be "news."
In all recipe work, the F. C. 1. has attempted, insofar as possible, to tie-in with others who promote the sale of other food products. Fresh cranberries, of course, are almost always used with other foods, and this is a natural devel- opment.
In return for this kind of co- operative work, we have been as- sured of a great deal of cranberry promotion by some of the best- known companies in the food busi- ness.
The Institute's recipe work calls for "follow-through" in all cases. Photography is one example. Both color and black-and-white photo- graphs are made of dishes pre- pared from our most successful recipes. These are mailed out to publications throughout the coun- try. A number of our striking color photographs have already been scheduled for use in news- paper Sunday supplements during the fall.
Publications which use only their own photographs have been sup- plied throughout the summer with F. C. I. cranberries — either fresh or frozen (which serve adequately for testing and photographic pur- poses). The results of this work will be apparent in all the leading women's magazines during the com- ing months.
Operating on a national basis is a job which calls for year-around work on the part of the Institute. There are approximately 15,000 newspapers in the United States, and most of these must be reached — not only once, but several times during the season. There are also
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2,500 radio stations, 108 television stations, and thousands of maga- zines. We expect that items con- cerning fresh cranberries — in print or over the air — will number well into the hundreds of millions for this year's work alone.
What You Can Expect
You probably want to know what all this is costing the cranberry growers. As set up for the year 1951, the F. C. I. budget will not exceed the equivalent of 1/12 of a cent a pound — or 2 cents per 24- pound box.
This amounts to a tiny fraction of the increase in prices over those of a year ago which cranberry growers must have to re-establish the industry on a profitable basis. We believe that cranbei-ry growers are going to find their investment in the Institute one of the most profitable they have ever made.
And although the Institute dates back only to the latter part of April, we believe you are going to see the tangible results of its work this year as well as in the years ahead.
Present members of Fresh In- stitute are:: American Cranberry Exchange, Anthony DeMarco of
New Jersey and Beaton Distrib- Farm fires caused $100,000,000
uting Agency, Cape Cod Cranberry in property damage in 1950 and
Cooperative, Inc., Decas Bros., took 3500 lives, according to the
Morse Brothers, all of Massachu- National Fire Protection Associ-
setts. ation.
SHORT OF HARVEST HELP THIS FALL ?
ELECTRICITY
won't pick your berries, but it can help in many ways in your autumn activities, in your screenhouse, at your bog — in your home.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
Eatmor Cranberries
SUCCESSFUL MARKETING
The market ESTABLISHED by the American Cranberry Exchange secures for its members full value for their crops, both FRESH and PROCESSED berries.
By becoming a member of the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany a grower safeguards his immediate interests and, what is more important, helps STABILIZE his business.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
9 Station Street
SALES COMPANY
TELEPHONE 200
Middleboro, Mass.
Another B I G Cranberry Crop
means
Another BIG Year for OCEAN SPRAY
The Department of Agriculture prediction that 915,000 barrels of cranberries will be harvested in the United States this year is GOOD NEWS FOR OCEAN SPRAY.
Ocean Spray has developed a growing year 'round market for cranberry products that sells half the crop. Here is W H Y.
THE CONSUMER WANTS OCEAN SPRAY because it's ready to serve. Over 3,000,000 women have jobs out- side the home and thousands of others are busy with im- portant community work. With less time for cooking, they are looking for foods that require no preparation.
THE GROCER WANTS OCEAN SPRAY because it's profitable to sell. From a survey made during October, November and December of 188 products in Providence Public Markets (considered typical of the average super market). Progressive Grocer found that in the canned fruit section, cranberry sauce produced more sales per square foot than any other product. What kind of cranberry sauce? Progressive Grocer says "nothing but Ocean Spray."
BE IN ON THE GROUND FLOOR THIS YEAR. Join NCA before October 1 and reap the full benefit of Ocean Spray's rising sales and increased earnings.
Naiional Cranberry Association
The Growers* Cooperative Branches at :
Hanson, Massachusetts Onset, Massachusetts St. Johns Canada
North Harwich, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey North Chicago, Hlinoii
Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington Long Beach, Washingtor
•^
SERVING THE GRANBERRY INDUSTRY
VIorris April Bros.
Sridgeton - Tuckahoe
New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
CRAf^BERRY
GROWERS
Chaose ai;d Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays ar^c Dustsrs
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
M;dtS[e;.ort, U&vi York
in-rry mnjyrrT.-j- fnimrrir.yvci. -irMH
Afarehani Savings Bar^k
and
FainiOi^th Branch
vVelcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
Cape & Vineyard Electric Company
Offices:
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vin( yard Haven
Hall & Cole
Established 1848 Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Marl<et 102 BOSTON, MASS.
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
Expert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emergency
Portable and All Applications
Power Mowers argd Tractors Serviced
Alan Pamten Co.
Established 1922 lel. 334 HANOVER, MASS.
An Ad
m
CRANBERRIES is i^our message placed before the in- dustry
Advertising Does
Pay
Dividends
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit 'nsurance Corp.
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The cranberry harvest pro- gressed very nicely in September in spite of shortages of labor. Weather conditions were unusually favorable. Many growers were actually ahead of their picking schedule. However, weather con- ditions have a habit of changing rapidly in New England. We lost nearly a week of picking early in October because of wet vines. Frost activity has been limited. Only one real frost has been experienced to date (October 10). It occurred the night of September 29 and re- sulted in substantial damage to our crop. Dr. Franklin estimates that about 20,000 barrels of cranberries were damaged that night. Tem- peratures as low as 16° were re- corded in the Wareham area. Water supplies were critically low, and many bogs lacked proper protection. Recent rains helped replenish low reservoirs, but water supplies are still dangerously low. Just a reminder before leaving the subject of frost — it would be great- ly appreciated if growers would notify their telephone distributors as soon as they have finished pick- ing. It will save our distributors considerable time and the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation unnecessary telephone bills.
The writer would like to com- mend the Directors of the Cran- berry Growers' Mutual through their President Nahum Morse and Secretary Chester Robbins for the recent market letter they prepared and mailed to cranberry growers. It is indeed an encouraging sign for the industry when a group of growers will take the time during the harvest season to canvass the various selling agencies and sum- marize the results of their studies for their fellow growers. Cran- berry growers have been criticized in years past for their lack of
interest in matters pertaining to marketing. In other words, we have been strictly production mind- ed. Low returns to growers dur- ing the last few years have changed this picture and resulted in considerable interest in the field of marketing. It is a healthy £;ign. We hope it continues.
The following material was pre- pared by the writer, carefully checked by Dr. Franklin, and cir- cularized to growers by county agricultural agents. We believe the material should be presented in this column.
Ryania and Fruitworm Control Results experienced by growers using- Ryania in the control of fruitworm have varied consider- ably. In view of this situation, a few observations from Dr. Frank- lin and his associates might be in order.
(1) Fruitworm. millers began their egg-laying activities earlier than normal and continued into August.
(2) We experienced light rains on thirteen different days in July, ranging from a tra .'e to .36 inches. These frequent rains reduced the efi'ectiveness of any dusting pro- gram.
(3) Unfortunately, the toxic principle of Ryania is definitely soluble in water. During the two years of research with this mater- ial prior to 19.51. very little rain was experienced. Ryania has been widely used in the control of such important insects as the European corn borer and sugar cane borer, and no report of its inefi'ectiveness from solubility in rains came to our attention.
(.5) The 15', Ryania dust, which included the half per cent syner- gist or activator, gave the poorest results, while the lOO'/f Ryania used as a spray on a limited acre-
age gave satisfactory control in most instances. About four times as much actual Ryania was present to kill insects when this material was used in a spray. For exam- ple, if the 159i Ryania dust was applied at the rate of 50 lbs. per acre, only IVz lbs. of the actual Ryania was present to kill fruit- worms as compared with 28 lbs. of tho actual Ryania if the 100% material was used in a spray.
(5) Timing of control measures was not too satisfactory in many instances since many growers de- pended on the helicopters and straight-winged planes, and there were several' breakdowns and other insufl^i-iencies of this equipment at critical times during the fruitworm season.
(G) When it seemed apparent that the ISV^ Ryania dust was not giving satisfactory control of fruitworm, local distributors of this material stopped sales until further data could be secured.
(7) Finally, the entire problem will be carefully reviewed by Dr. Franklin, his associates, and a committee of growers when the new insect chart is revised. Their find- ings will be discussed at the win- ter cranberry club meetings and made available to growers through printed material.
Earle Cox, of the Agricultural Engineering- Department at the University of Massachusetts, is continuing his experiments this fall with hydraulic sanding. Dr. F. B. Chandler, "Joe" Kelley, and George Rounsville are working closely with him on this project at the State Bog. While considerable experimentation is required in a project of this type, it is believed that they are making definite rrogress. Prof. Cox is also con-
INTERESTED-
in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale.
Vernon Goldsworthy
936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Two
tinuing his cranberry storage studies.
We have a few reminders on late fall management. Dr. Franklin calls our attention to the import- ance of the fall clean-up flood. This flood rids the bog of much of the harmful trash that accum- ulates during the year. Dr. Berg- man suggests that fairy rings should be treated soon after har- vest, but control measures should be completed before No^'ember. The recommendations are csirefully outlined on the Insect and Disease Control Chart. Dr. Franklin and "Joe" Kelley urge growers to post- pone until next spring pruning, raking, and sanding operations if a bog cannot be flooded for the win- te.-.
Dr. Cross has kindly outlined a few suggestions on fall weed con- trol. "There is a good chance that more sanding will be done on the bogs this fall and next spring than has been undertaken for several years. Growers should be warned that the sanding of areas where poison ivy, small brambles, and cut grass is growing stimulates the growth of these weeds to such an extent that they become very ser- ious problems. In the case of poi- son ivy, the area should be left un- sanded, or the sand should be spread over PDB as recommended in the Weed Control Chart. The PDB treatment is more effective if the woody, upright branches of the ivy are pulled off" beforehand. With the small bramble, last fall's ex- periments showed a kill of 909' or more when Stoddard Solvent was
VOTE TO DISCONTINUE WAREHAM AMERICAN
LEGION FESTIVALS
Wareham Post, No. 220, Amer- ican Legion, decided at its annual meeting in September to discon- tinue the annual "Cranberry Queen Coronation, Festival and Dance" rffair it has been holding each year on November 10th.
Six of such events have been held, the final being last year. This cranberry festival, with queen se- lections and coronation, was the only one in existence for three years. Original such aff'air was that at Wisconsin Rapids in about 19.3C,
sprayed at IVz gallons per square rod. This treatment cannot be recommended yet for general use, since we have only experimental results as yet, but it is worth con- sidering' as a treatment of small areas or edges of sections that are to be sanded. Generally speaking, it is better to defer the sanding of low spots where cut grass is grow- ing until drainage problems have been solved.
"Asters are blooming late this year. Hand pulling in October is I'kely to be more than usually ef- fective. Spot treatment of grass c'umps, and tussocks cf sedges and ru&hes with kerosene or Stoddard is always helpful."
Weed control measures practiced this fall will tend to reduce the work required in this field during the busy spring season.
Western Pickers
Ineorjiorated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
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Water White KEROSENE |
STODDARD SOLVENT |
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TANK |
TRUCK and |
SERVICE |
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HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING Arranged. |
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NATHAN G, Carver, Mas Range and Fuel Oils Tel. 95 |
ROBY s. Bottled Gas and Appliances |
This season it has been generally established that picking costs with the West- ern Picker average about one-half or less than that of hand scooping.
This means that it has cost Western Picker owners from 50 <• to SO^* a barrel to pick instead of $1.40 and up.
Some owners, like the Morse Bros, of North Attle- boro, Mass., report their costs at 25 cents per barrel in the screenhouse.
After all, most growers raise cranberries to make money. What are you in this business for?
There are now hundreds cf Western Picker owners. V'/hy not be one yourself?
How long are you going to resist owning a Western Picker?
You will save the pur- chase price of one in less than three years. Some own- ers report that they save the price of a Western Picker every year.
Eventually you will own one. Why don't you be fair to yourself and start cutting your costs? Get a Western Picker now and be ready to prune and train your vines this fall or early next spring.
You will find your crop in- creased over adjacent hand- scooped sections. (Advt.)
Three
ISSUE OF OCTOBER 1951-VOL. 16, NO. 6
Published monthly at The Couriei Pr.nt Shop. Main St., Warehani. Maasachusetta. Subscription, 13.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 20, 1943, at the r"st-office at W.-irehani. M.iasachusetts. under the Act of March S, 187Si
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H,
MASSACHUSETTS
September "Beautiful" Month
m'eet al Ineeds, including the mili- September was one of the most "beautiful'' months for the har- vesting of the crop in many years. There was day after day of perfect weather, as many as fifteen in a row. Naturally harvesting went forward rapidly. By the 22nd harvesting of Early Blacks had been completed or mostly so, and some growers were able to go right ahead with Howes and other late varieties. However, on many bogs there was a little lay-off be- tween. Labor was tight, but in .reneral there were sufi'icient pick- ers not to cause much hindrance. Also a Dry Month It was a dry month, following a stormy Labor Day week end. Precipitation for the period was 1.C3 in., below normal for Septem- ber. Temperature? to the 30th had accumulated a plus 90 over normal (Boston Weather Bureau), with a total for the year to that date of plus 87e°.
Fortunate were the growers that frosts held oT until the extreme end of the month. Fortunate, be- cause water supplies were ex- tremely scanty on many a bog property. Had there been the us- ual number of frosts there would probably have been rather exten- sive frost losses.
Frosts at End of Month First frost occurred on the night of September 26th. No warning- was given out from the State Bog because of the lateness of the sea- son, with berries being considered able to stand considerable cold, al- so because there was much ground warmth from the warm weather, and becausd it was thought flowing- Four
-would do more harm than good.
Temperatures of 28 were reached on a number of bogs in Southeast- ern Massachusetts. Lowest report was from Osterville on the Cape, 2C', and sprinklers were used there for protection. A saving factor was that slight clouds and some wind came in shortly before mid- night. Low recording at the State Bog was 35.
There was no frost the following night, as light winds blew, al- though one had been anticipated earlier in the day.
Severe Frost Night of 29th
The night of the 29th, however — the night the clocks were turned back an hour to end daylight sav- ing— was another matter. Then came a real frost and damage was done to the crop. Forecast sent cut was for a "dangerous frost", 20 and 21 being predicted. As it turned out the average was per- haps 20, with many spots lower, 18 on Swan Holt bog of A. D. Makepeace Company in Carver perhaps lowest, 16 on a bog in Rochester. It was a bitter night, but not unusually so, considering the lateness of the date. The glass I'ell very rapidly just before dawn.
This ti-ost, in the estimation of Dr. Franklin, took about 20,000 barrels in all, but the production, he believes, will still reach the original estimate of 580,000 bbls.
There were many instances of good picking- during the month. On one bog half a dozen scoopers picked about 500 boxes in a sin- gle day. High string man of the group harvested 108 boxes, or 27 barrels. This was piece work.
WISCONSIN
Harvest Held Up
Harvest was being- held up by
rains, cloudy weather and fog as October came in. Weather made drying conditions for the water- raked fruit extremely "tough."
Crop Falling Off
Color, quality and size of the fruit were considered very good, but quantity appears to be falling downward. By the first week in October when the crop was about 50 percent harvested it was esti- mated production might be about 185,000 barrels and with a good chance even lower.
Personal
A .F. Wolford, meteorologist in charge of the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' Frost Warning Service attended the meeting of the Ameri- can Meteorologist Society in Min- neapolis on October 9, 10, 11. Headquarters for the frost warn- ing service is now established in the post ofiice and will be located there permanently.
NEW JERSEY
Dry Weather Takes Toll
The dry weather has continued to take its toll in the bogs. It has kept the berries from sizing up; it has greatly increased the dam- :g-c resulting from scooping, and because of low or dry reservoirs many growers were unable to flow for frost protection the week-end of September 30. The clear, dry weather has favored the speed of harvesting so that more berries have been picked than is usual at this date. The quality has been very good into October. It is re- ported that the Puerto Rican labor has been doing a good job with cranberry harvesting and som'e of the men are being kept for sand- ing and other bog labor.
Blueberries
Control of Blueberry Stunt Dis- ease by roguing twice a year con- tinues to show up well.
Four Months of Dry Weather
In temperature, August and September were both somewhat cooler than normal. August's aver- age of 72.6 degrees was 1.7 degrees below normal, and September's average of 66.8 degrees was 1.4 de- grees below normal.
Both months were very dry and the spacing of what rain that did occur was unfavorable after Au- gust 22. The only substantial rain at Pemberton after that date was on September 23 and 25, when a total of .71 inches fell.
August's rainfall of 1.75 inches was 3.0.3 inches below normal, and September's rainfall of 1 inch was 3.17 inches below normal.
The seriousness of this condi- tion is emphasized by the fact that July's rainfall was 1.15 inches be- low normal and June was 1.74 in- ches below normal.
Sept. 29-30 Frost Did Damage
The only severe frost occurred the K'ornings of September 29 and 30. Temperatures on Sept. 29 ranged from 17 degrees to 29 de- grees, with the majority of the bogs between 24 degrees and 29 de- grees. On the morning of Sept. 30 the range was between 18 degrees and 24 degrees, with the majority of the bogs at 23 degrees and 24 degrees. Because of the shortage cf water for flooding there were frequent losses of 10 to 20 percent of the berries, although a surpris- ing number of unflooded berries came through in sound condition.
OREGOIN
Drought Continues Through September
Up to the end of September the drought had continued. Except for a few scattered showers there bad been no rainfall at all since April. A saving grace, however, was that excessive rains last Win- ter made it possible for most grow- ers to have enough water for ever- head irrigation all through the Summer.
Crop Heavy, but "Spotty"
The crop was tui'ning out to be very heavy on many bogs. Those which did not have much fruit or
none at all were those which were struck by the "spotty" frosts of last. Spring.
Labor Major Problem
Labor continued to be a major problem. Lumbering is drawing most of that available by paying very high wages, wages so high that the cranberry growers cannot compete.
Berries were called of good qual- ity, size not especially lai-ge, but the fruit was free of fungus. Experimental Spraying
Experimental work in spraying with 24-D (1/2 lb. to 100 gals, of water per acre) on the Kranick bog, for loosestrife, showed consid- erable promise. These were Sep- tember sprayings.
Personal
At a garden wedding, Martin B. Kranick, sen of Mr. and Mrs. Les- lie KraniL'k, was married to Miss Vivian House, formerly of Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. Mr. Kranick is now operating the old Kranick boj;, "Kranberry Acres". Mrs. Kranick is secretary of the Nat- ional Cranberry Association unit at Coquille.
Mr. Kranick is a graduate of civ- il engineering, Oregon State Col- lege, and was a flyer during the If-st war. Mrs. Kranick is a grad- uate of Brown's Business College of
Milwaukee. The couple, after a v/edding trip to Canada, are mak- ing their home at Bandon.
WASHINGTON
Remarkably Long Lack of Rain
The cranberry areas of this state have experienced one of the most unusual season records — that of lack of rain, which is contrary to the normal pattern of the rainy Pacific coastal section. There was no rainfall from April, with the
(Continued on Page 12)
CHRYSLER
Industrial Engines
"HORSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
Went a Fa!! and Winter
"WORRY FREE
Relj. on us Prompt Service Genuine Parts Immediate Deliveries
UNITS TAKE-OFFS
WALTER H. M0RETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
iiimiaiiiiaiiisiii
ifmmjfiail
CHANSERKIES
Promoiing WISCONSIN Cranberries with an expanded merchandising
program
I
i
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
WISCONSIN RAPIDS
WISCONSIN
Five
National Cranberry Queen, Barbara Pat; I-^ m. Warthani. Massachusetts, wears crown, placed I pon her he^d b:' Bev^r'.v Richards, 1950 queen; extreme left, next to her, Peggy Lou Haines of New -Jersey; ard ri^ht, Dixie Sarchet, Wisconsin's '51 queen; both the latter contestants against Miss Patterson. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Massachusetts Girl Winner of National Cranberry Oueen Title in Annual Harvest Festival Oct. 12—13
Parade, Contest, Dance at Plymouth ; Barbecue at Fdaville; UN Children a Feature — Largest Berry Honors to Oregon The 1951 Cranberry Harvest Festival with queen selection and coronation, climaxing National Cranberry Week, sparkplugged by National Cranberry Association, but participated in by others of the industry, especially the new Fresh Cranberry Institute, held at Plymouth and Edaville, South Car- ver, Massachusetts, October 12 and 13 proved a tremendous success. It marked an inovation in that, for the first time, a truly "national" cranberry queen was crowned. She is auburn-haired Barbara Patter- son, 20, of Wareham, who was the Massachusetts Wareham American Legion queen last year, she being selected over Dixie Sarchet, 17, of Stevens Point, who was chosen queen of the Badger State Septem-
SiK
her 28. in a rrjammoth harvest fes- tival at Wisconsin Rapids and Miss Peggy Lou Haines, 16, of New Jer- sey. There was no entry from the West Coast, as hoped for.
Other highlights of the two-day program were a big parade through historic Court St., in Ply- mouth, where a reviewing stand had been set up, and past Ply- mouth Rock, the "official" honoring of the "largest cranberry grown in the United States in 1951," with the presentation of a placque; the visit to cranberry land of 14 chil- dren, these being boys and girls of the officials of the United Na- tions, in New York; the regular broadcast of Marjorie Mills, fam- ous New England food authority, who spoke from the auditorium of Plymouth Memorial Building; Cranberry Festival Square dance, cranberry recipe contest, a repiti- tion of the chicken-cranberry bar- becue at Edaville, which was so
popular last year, a photo contest, cranberry-pie eating and contests for children.
Walter Haskell, general chair- man of the committee, estimated the number witnessing the parade cilong a two-mile course, as 10,000, 4,200 attending the coronation and other events at Standish Field, the c.fterncon of Columbus Day Car- ver's Chief of Police A. Trem'aine Smith said at least 6,000 attended Edaville the following day and provisions was made for 3,000 at the barbecue. This latter was put on under the trees at the rear of the Atwood screenhouse, with pro- vision for 3,000, the affair being in charge of Prof. Guy T. Klein, University of Massachusetts. More Than Beauty Required
Queens were nat judged on beauty alone but on four scores, these being: capacity to represent the cranberry industry in events connected with the industry; poise
and personality; language and manner of speaking, relationship to the industry, as being from a family which is a part of the in- dustry. All four girls were equal in the latter Queen Barbara being the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Brenton C. Patterson, principal Wareham High School and a grow- er until recently. Miss Sarchet coming from a cranberry family at Stevens Point, where she is a senior in high school, and Miss Haines, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Haines of famed Whitesbog.
Judges were State Senator Ed- ward C. Stone, chairman, who pre- sented the silver loving cup with national title, Mrs. Elthea E. At- wood of Edaville and Clarence J. Hall, editor of CRANBERRIES magazine.
The girls arrived singlly in open cars, Miss Beverly Richards, last year's selection and also a previ- ous choice of Wareham American Legion arrived first. They were escorted along a royal red carpet by trumpeters dressed in medieval page costumes. Master of Cere- m'onies, Carl De Suze, Boston radio announcer, interviewed each girl. Wisconsin Queen Dixie, with brown curly hair and wearing a white evening gown, admitted she had never picked cranberries, and hoped eventually to be a nurse. Miss Haines, also in a white gown, replied she had picked cranberries and hoped to be a nurse. Massa- chusetts Queen, Barbara, attired in blue said she had picked cran- berries "and weeded, too," for her father when she was four or five years old. She is now employed as a model in Boston in photo- graphy and fashion after being graduated with two years of study at the Madern School of Art and Design.
Queen Goes to Washington
The national crown was placed upon her red hair by Miss Rich- ards. It was announced that she would be sent to Washington to take a chicken and cranberry din- ner to Pi'esident Truman, where- upon in presenting the cup. Sena- tor Stone remarked, "If he (the president) had a good dinner from down this way, I think it would do him a world of good." Mem-
bers of Accomack Tribe of Redmen of Plymouth placed Indian beads around her neck. Ceremonies took place at a throne on a brilliantly- canopied stage in the center of the park baseball field.
Proclamation of National Cran- berry Week from Governor Dever was read by Colonel M. Duquoy, military aid. James T. Frazier, chairman of Plym'outh Selectmen gave greetings of the town while Leo F. Nourse, chairman of Ply- mouth County Commissioners pre- sented the best wishes of the colony.
Children of UN
The U. N. children made a wire recording broadcast from Plymouth
Reck for beaming to their native lands later. State Senator Sum- ner G. Whitt'er of Everett was their guide and explained the signi- ficance of Plymouth Rock as a shrine in American History. They witnessed the crowning of the queen and were briefly interviewed b^ the Master of Ceremonies. Most snrke English well, some iaving learned the language here, others in the native countries.
They attended the Square Dance in the evening, were taken for the ride on the Edaville Rail- road, ate chicken and cranberry ?auce at the barbecue, and then en- joyed themselves, at least the boys, by climbing in and on top of the Edaville diminutive freight cars. Their attendance was sponsored by the Fresh Cranberry Institute of New York and the New Haven railr:ad provided a special car for
Upper: "Cr3nbcrry House" parade, entry of National Cranberry Association, nr^ads entirely cf Ocean Spray cranberry sauce cans, even to "tile" roof and chimney, with labels showing on each can. "Edaville Cranberry Express", entered and operated by Jean Correi?. oi Brockton. A winner in children's parade contest.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Seven
Upper, UN children prd pErents ride Edaville railway and see crrnbsrry ^'-'rvest in operaticn; Lower, Plvmouth Art Centre float, second prire winner in Plymouth Parade. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
the trip from New York to Provi- dence, where they were met by pri- vate autos. Some were accona'pa- n'ed by their mothers or other older people. The group was di- rectly in charge of Robert Knox, public relations officer of the Insti- tute.
Arriving Thursday they were guests of area families, these in- cluding Mr. and Mrs. Russell Makepeace, Marion; Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Morse, West Wareham; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hammond, East Wareham; Mr. and Mrs. Homer Gibbs, West Wareham; Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Garside, Dux- bury; Mr. and Mrs. Ferris Waite, Plymouth; Mr. and Mrs. Keyser- ling, Plymouth; Mr. and Mrs. Frank Costello, South Carver; Miss Ellen Stillman, Hanson.
Ei«rht
Opening gun was the parade at Plymouth scheduled for 10:30 but late in getting underway. Leading was Brigadier-General Andrew J. Carr of Plymouth. The Abington High School band followed, then Plymouth High School, Plymouth Junior High and Paragon Park. There were clowns and kids dressed in "horrifying" costumes, the queen contestants and then-queen Bev- erly Richards wore in open cars. Floats from Town of Plymouth, Town of Kingston, Edaville Rail- way, which had locomotive No. 3 on a truck, tooting at intervals as it went along, winning first pa- rade pri-e money of S150; Na- tional Cranberry Association, a house made entirely of cans of cranberry sauce; Plymouth Cord- age Company, a sign stating "two
industries were deep in the heart of the community," the making of rope since ancient times and of growing cranberries," Pilgrim Dis- trict Boy Scouts, Plymouth Ki- wanis Club, Plym'outh Rotary Club, and Rotary International which carried the UN children. Acco- mack Tribe Redmen, Plymouth Chamber of Commerce, Buttner Company, Cantoni Coal Company, Puritan Clothing Company, Ply- mouth Art Center, winner of sec- ond prize, 8100, consisting of girls representing the drama and arts and a big can of Ocean Spray sauce w!th people inside peeping out; De Lorenzo Tui-key Farm, representing a turkey yard, with live birds, winner of third prize.j S50.
Parade judges were: Senator Stone, Rep. John Armstrong of ' aimth and Floyd Bell of Bos- ton.
Biggest U. S. Cranberry Winner of the contest for the Irrge-t berry grown in the U. S. ''"■" ^'c'ded and announced by Dr. F. B. Chandler, East Warehanr f^ranberry Experiment Station. The award went to Mr. and Mrs. II. E. and Mary F. Maurer of Hau- TT, Oregon. The berry was a Mc- Farlin. Dr. Chandler announced it w-'s of 8.4 cubic centimeters, weig' ed 5.23 grams; 21 berries to the cup count as growers measure, end only S6-87 berries to make a pound.
Most of the big fruit entered were McFarlins and other entrants were W. S. Jacobson, Grayland, Washington; W. R. Gottschalk, Wisconsin Rapids: Isaiah Haines, New Jersey; William Stillman, ' cituate Centre, Massachusetts and George R. Roberts, Alfred Maine, V. ith a vaiiety resembling an Early Black.
Cranberry Dish Contest V/inners in a cranberry recipe contest held in the Tom Thumb Museum building at Edaville with 35 tempting edibles were: Mrs. John Gayoski, Rochester, first prize, S50, for a regal pie with chiffon type filling, glazed with cranberries; second, 525, a "bog ambrosia cake," baked by Mrs. Elwood Siscoe of East Bridge- water; third mrncy, ,$15. went to Mrs. Samuel K. Stewart, Brockton, a cranberry-cheese pie; Mrs. A. A. Norton, Kingston, cranberry-pine- applice spice cake; Mrs. Joseph T. Brown, Brockton, cranberry merin- gue pis, both won §5.
Judges included three utility company home service directors. Miss Thelma Hunter, New Bedford Gas and Edison Light Co., Miss Janet Bolles, Brockton Edison Company and Mrs. Prudence How- ard, Cape and Vineyard Electric Company, Hyannis; also Miss Bea- trice White, Plymouth County Ex-
tension Service and Mrs. Lillian Dunbar, home economies teacher, Abington High School. Mrs. Kim Bosworth and Mrs. Janet Taylor cf NCA's Cranberry Kitchen were in charge.
Twenty children competed in a cranberry jam eating contest with Allen Downes of Newton Upper Palls and Betty Johnson of South Carver winning first and second prizes, §5, and a month's supply of cz'anberry sauce, each. Winning the hunt for a cranberry hidden on Standish Field was LeRoy Whittier of Standish Ave., North Plymouth.
Hundreds cf camera fans, both professional representing maga- zines and newspapers and ama- teurs were present. Winners in a contest for the best photo in a number of classes taken during the festival will be announced shortly.
Weather for this major occasion, after several days of rain and gloom right up to the morning of the holiday, was perfect New Eng- land Autumn.
Mass. Growers Ask Gov. to Furnish Marketing Reports
Committee of Cape Growers' Association, with Direc- tors of Growers' Mutual, Send Letter Urging U. S. Bureau of Economics to Prepare Facts Monthly During Active Season.
Directors of Cranberry Growers' Mutua' Association and the Mar- ket Reporting- Committee of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, meeting together last month, were unanimous in a de- cision that a report of the move- ment of the cranberry crop as a whole on a monthly basis would be highly desirable. The group felt that a re lort such as this should be based on the crop movement be- tween the first and the fifteenth of each month and that the report fhould be issued approximately the 1 5th of the following month during the fresh fruit season.
It was suggested that the Bur- eau of Agricultural Economics (Crop Reporting Service) prepare the report. Suggestion was that
the first report be issued by Sep- tember 15th of each year.
This report would include: crop estimate; inventory (Sept. 15) in- cluding berries in the freezers and canned goods in barrels; number of barrels sold fresh; amount sold processed, expressed in barrels; current price analysis, based on conditions in the major United States and Canadian markets, this to include average monthly prices expressed in cases or quarter-bar- lel equivalents. The major mar- kets are considered to be: New York, Chicago, Boston, Minneap- olis, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, Seattle., Cincinnati, Atlanta, Detroit, Dallas, Kansas City, Toronto, Canada.
Growers Now Lack Market Information
y.t V\'a3 pointed out that at pres- ent, growers have access to the ofi'cial cron estimates, which is corrected each month, with final figures available in January (ex- ce t for the final revised "histor- ica'." figure which is released the i3lltwin£,- August), but this seems insufficient.
A report was sent to Prof. Fred JZ. Ccle, Extension Specialist in Marketing Fruit and Vegetables, University of Massachusetts, Am- herst, requesting that he forward the request to the proper officials ir Washington and urge the mat-
ter be given prompt attention, so that the material desired could be made available as soon as possible, preferably this Fall.
The letter further stated that it was considered the request was routine and would not require ad- ditional outlay in expenditures by ithe United States Department of Agriculture, also it would be un- necessary to contact senators or congressmen who might be inter- ested in the cranberry industry.
The letter to Prof. Cole was signed by Chester Robbins, secre- tary Ox the Mutual.
Members of the Marketing Com- mittee at the meeting at which the decision to send the request was made, were Russell Makepeace, Homer L. Gibbs, Gilbert T. Beaton, County (Barnstable) Agent Ber- tram. E. Tomlinson, J. Richard Beattie, Massachusetts Cranberry Specialist, and Prof. Cole. Nahum Morse is -^resident of the Mutual.
LATE MASSACHUSETTS
The second series of heavy frosts oc- Cl'.rrcd on the nights of October 12, 13, 11-, witli those of the second bringing 'owe." temperatures than the others. Average was 19-20, with 23 the danger coin':. Sixteen was reached on some bogs.
Some damage inevitably resulted, but r.o': nearly as much as the late September jccvcrce. Growers had had a chance to rj":: off n?ore berries, and in some in- stances reservoirs had been replenished .- f'tt'e by r?ins. Many growers he!d t^-irring the 3-day period, so harvestin£j v/^s still further de'ayed.
Miss Barbara Patterson, National Cranberry Queen, enjoys chicken and cranberry s-'uce at the b^yhez\•c n t Rda'-nl g. She ;s se:L!ed between M. L. Urann, left, and her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bienton C, Patterson. A wandering musical unit serenades the group. (CRANBERRIES Photo).
Nine
Queen Dixie of Wisconsin and her court of honor, takin^j part in the "Cranboree" parade at Wisconsin Rapids. (Photo Courtesy Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune).
Estimated 40,000 Rapids in Second
The largest crowd in the histoi-y of Wisconsin Ranids and probably in all Central Wisconsin, an esti- mated 40,000 witnessed a gigantic parade which climaxed the three- day "Cranboree" cranberry harvest festival of Sept. 27, 28, 29. The parade kept the orderly mob clap- ping, laughing and shouting for more than an hour. The parade literally had "everything." There were more than 100 units in the line.
Fifteen thousand pieces of cran- berry pie, made up of 1200 pounds of flour, 1600 pounds of sugar, 53 pounds of sali^, 43,(t00 cups of cranberries plus water and a few other ingredients, distributed free didn't go far among the throng.
The previous evening two lovely queens had been chosen, Dixie Sarchet and Marilyn "Peewee" Malicke, as honorary queen. Miss Sarchet was crowned by Mrs. Arnold Haessly, the former Donna Schelvan, who was last year's se- lection. Ceremony was at the Lin- coln fieldhouse, with Miss Sarchet dressed in a blue formal. Just be-
See Mammoth Parade at Wisconsin Annual ''Cranboree'' Celebration
fore the ceremony, lights were struck and a luir.'inous "Cranboree" emblem was turned on. Special gifts were presented to Mrs. Van Holliday, originator of the name "Cranboree," and to Cleve Akey, composer of the official theme song, "The Cranboree Waltz."
On Friday night there was a "Bananoree" parade, a mock cele- bration to poke fun at its more sedate big brother the "Cran- boree." Grand avenue, the main street of the Rapids became named "Cranboree" avenue. There were clowns, "horribles" and other spectacles. The night was a gay one.
A special feature was an "Old- Timers' Cranboree luncheon and reunion," which was attended by more than 200.
Theme of the "Cranboree" pa- rade was "Mother Goose in Cran- berry Land," and it was well lived up to. Music for the "Cranboree Ball," was provided by "WoodV" Herman and his famous 16-piece orchestra.
In general the huge affair, put
on under the auspices of the Jun- ior Chamber of Comrr.'erce was called one of the greatest success- es of any affair in Central Wiscon- sin— and already there is anticipa- tion toward next year's event.
OREGON CANNERY IN OPERATION
Harvest was under way and the Coquille plant of NCA started operations October 1. According to Ed Hughes, plant manager, there will probably be about 3,000,000 lb. cans from the '51 production here. First two weeks will be devoted to canning 600,000 one-pound cans, and the 15th it was switched over to a new size, the No. 221 or buffet size can, and about 4,800,000 cans of this will be turned out. Operations are ex- pected to continue to January 1. Last season about 1,900,000 pounds were processed.
To make water walk, rather than run down a hill, is the object of most soil conservation practices. (University of Massacuhsetts)
Ten
Frederick B. Hepburn
Frederick B. Hepburn, 62, widely :no\vn in the Massachusetts cran- lerry industry died at his home, ¥est Wareham, October 12. For ;3 years he had been employed by ■Jew England Cranberry Sales Company, the last thirteen as fore- nan of the Tremont packing house.
Born in South Boston, he spent nost of his life in Wareham and n cranberry work. He worked for I short time as carpenter, then as ;creenhouse foreman for the late r. J. Beaton. He was one of the nost valuable emploees of NESCO ind considered an authority upon lackintT house m'atters. He fre- }uently spoke at various cranberry md other meetings upon sereen- louse activities. He was a member )f Southeastern Cranberry Club md of Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ;rs' Association.
He leaves a widow, a niece and
nephew.
J. F. SAWYER RETIRES
FROM FROST COMPANY
AFTER 43 YEARS
U. S. OCTOBER CROP ESTIMATE 916,000
The many friends within the Massachusetts cranberry industry of John F. Sawyer of the Frost Insecticide Company of Arlington, Massachusetts, will be both sorry and pleased to learn of his retire- ment. Sorry because he is no long- er active in the cranberry field and pleased because he is now to en- joy retirement.
He has served with the Frost Insecticides for 43 years. His re- signation dated from September COth.
Mr. Sawyer started with the company in 1908 as stock clerk and errand boy. He steps down as gen- eral manager, treasurer and a member of the board of directors.
Edmund L. Frost, president of the company paid him this trib- ute: "His love for his work and devotion to the company has set a standard which this or any other organization will find hard to equal."
Mr. and Mrs. Sawyer, who make their home at Reading, plan to travel and keep in touch with a wide acquaintance among the fruit growers of New England.
October 12th U. S. Crop Report- ing Service raised the total cran- berry crop for the nation by 1,000 barrels to 916,000. This increase, despite heavy frost losses in Massachusetts at the end of Sept- ember, was more than offset by good growing weather in that state during the month, so that the figure was raised from 580,000 to an even 600,000, just about the amount for the frost damage, 20,- 000 bbls.
The total is only 7 percent below the record of 948,000 last year, but 26 percent above the 10-year aver- age. The Massachusetts estimate is now only about 2 percent less than the '50 record. Moisture sup- plies during the month were called sufficient for continued growth of late varieties and the keeping quality was considered "about average." Biggest loss in total rroduction was in Wisconsin. The figures:
Massachusetts, 600,000; New Jersey, 70,000; Wisconsin, 185,000; Washington, 44,000; Oregon, 17,- 000.
MISS ELIZABETH McNALLY RESIGNS AS DIRECTOR OF EXCHANGE ADVERTISING
Miss Eli-abeth McNally, who has served many years with the American Cranberry Exchange as advertising director, resigned from her position Oct ber first and re- turned to her home in East Orange, New Jersey. Her experience in advertising began with the Goth- am Advertising Company of New York, as secretary to the president and assistant to the account exec- utive who had charge of Eatmor cranberry advertising, the Gotham company then handling the ACE account. Including this work. Miss McNally had been associated with Eatmor advertising for 22 years.
Her position will not be filled for the nresent, according to Har- old E. Bryant, ACE general man- ager, who said that as Miss Mc- Nally had completed all arrange- ments for the advertising of the current crop, the situation will be
left in status quo. A replacement, in part, at the New Bedford, Mas- sachusetts, office of ACE has been made in hiring Miss Julie Carr of Boston, who will take care of sec- retarial duties previously per- formed by Miss McNally, such as being personal secretary to Mr. Bryan;.
Commenting upon the retire- ment of Miss McNally, Mr. Bryant said: "It is with sincere regret that we accept the resignation of Miss Elizabeth McNally. She has been an important cog in the American Cranberry Exchange and a loyal friend to us for a good many years. We will miss her a great deal."
Price Generally Holding Tight, But Sales Slower
ACE's Harold Bryant Says Coop i? Sticking to Its Opening Figure and Feels Stabilization Will be Ac- complished
Cranberry fresh fruit prices held strong, but sales volumes were down the first two weeks of Octo- ber, as they had been in the latter part of September, according to Harold E. Bryant, general manager rf ACE. He declared there had been some price cutting by some di»-tributors, but the Exchange had held firm to its opening price of $3.75 a quarter F. O. B.
The volume sold by ACE had been below that of last year and Tobably below normal. He attrib- I'ted this to three factors: (1) that the Exchange was holding tight to it-, price and its pledge to attempt ir> stabilize the market this fall; ((2) to the fact that for the past poveral years there had been a slump pricewise after the opening and that probably many buyers were holding back in anticipation of a drop; (3) that he didn't be- lieve there would again be the active demand for Early Blacks early in the season such as pre- vailed when the crop was shipped in quarter-barrel boxes and not in cellophane, which inevitably brings a "hand-to-mouth" form of buying.
Eleven
He added, however, that once the market becomes convinced it can't gain by holding back orders in the hope of a price cut it will start buying again and with re- newed vigor. He said it was up to the industry this year to con- vince buyers of cranberries that cranberries are a stable item and this the Exchange was making eyery effort to do.
A reason for the lesser sales volume by ACE up to and into the first part of October was that while the Exchange was holding the price, some were cutting, and so these berries were moving first. But, taken as a whole, he consid- ered the 1951 cranberry market a strong one as concerns price and that the industry was succeeding in its program of price stabiliza- tion and that most distributors were cooperating in the effort.
A favorable angle to holding the .line on fresh fruit, he added, is that processors are in the market for a very large proportion of the crop, whi:h will prevent any sur- plus.
Attesting to the slowness of the market is the fact that up to Oc- tober 8 only about 160 cars had been shipped through Middleboro, chief checking center of rail move- ment. This is about 75 cars less than the corresponding date last year. How many have gone by truck can only be estimated, but this metho^ of shipping is in- creasing greatly each year.
Mutual Issues
First Letter
To Mass. Growers
Directors of the Cranberry Grow- err.' Mutual, at a late September meeting at the State Bog, East Wareham, Massachusetts, dis- cussed the marketing situation and sent out informative "Letter No. 1" to Massachusetts growers. Be- fore issuing the letter, the direc- tors contacted cranberry market- ing agencies to learn at first hand the then current situation.
Information obtained showed that shipments of fresh cranberries by rail were substantially ahead of last year; estimates of shipments by truck were also ahead; there
was a lull in shipments at that time, but it was considered not unusual, as after the first round of orders had been filled the mar- ket slowed down until the second round of orders came in; also the weather was warm all over the country, temporarily retarding re- tail sales; the market, both fresh and processed, was in a very heal- thy condition; most distributors were cooperating in their efforts to maintain a stabilized and sound cranberry market; there had been the mistake earlier in the season of shipping too light colored fruit, and the suggestion was made that this must be avoided another year; Most distributors were shipping only On order to avoid the mistake of forcing berries on the trade when there was no market for them.
The letter concluded with this: "It is the growers' responsibility to insist on a quality pack, both fresh and processed. We urge growers to insist that their sales agents maintain a stabilized and sound cranberry mai-ket."
Fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Pa^e 5)
exception of about .2 of an inch the first of Septembei", until a good precipitation occurred at the end of that month. It was one of three days and brought only IV2 inches. This, however, was im- mediately absorbed into the parched ground, leaving a shortage lor flooding.
Most reservoirs were practically dry all summer and, in fact, so dry was the whole area that there was not even enough water to operate sprinklers at the Long Beach Cranberry Station and at other bogs.
Size of Berries Cut
There was a heavy set of ber- ries, but the size turned out to be only about half of average, due to the arid condition.
"It seems remarkable that in a rainy country such as this, weather f.uch as we have experienced this season should occur", remarks D. J. Ci'owley of the Station. "It is a safe bet that most growers will make an effort to enlarge their water supply for 1951. I am be-
ginning to wonder what has hap- pened to our so-called normal weather, but I suppose you can get all the different kinds if you live long enough".
As of the first two weeks of October the harvest was finally underway, but proceeding slowly. At least 40 per cent of the crop is picked through water scooping in one form or another. The West- ern Picker is used on a number of bogs and a few smaller owners still operate by the suction-picker method.
Crop Probably Over Estimate
Even though berries were small- er, growers felt they were exceed- ing the August U. S. crop esti- mate, the crop at the Station bog being one of those running the same way. Last year the cup count on Washington berries ran about 95, while this year the aver- age is at least 120. One interest- ing factor is that all plots, even oheck plots which were not ferti- ( Continued on Page 14)
for
Satisfaction
at harvest time
You can al.vays depend on International Plant Foods for fine quality, efficient drilling and the crop-producing power tliat ^;ivcs you extra yields and profit. Sec us now for prompt delivery of recommended grades of Inter- "-.tionr.l Fertilizer.
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORPORATION
p. 0. BOX 2^0 - WOBURN. MASS.
Vol. 16-No. 6 ISSUE OF OCTOBER 1951
{^ *;;*J!H»iCM*a£«r«««jH!^
WE ARE IN THE LAST QUARTER
I^OOTBALL'S the national sport right now. If we were likening the cran- berry year to a football game we'd say something like this. We are in the final quarter, with no score by either side. The cranberry eleven has the ball. It has not jnly held its own against its opposing team, which we might consider comprised of the -nonths of the year, from scoring so far, but las the ball not far from the goal posts of ;he opponent. (Isn't this expected to be he third largest crop on record?)
Now the opponent has put in a whole lew string of players and this is made up )f the consumers of cranberries. It's up ;o the cranberry team to rip into these and ;core. We don't expect any overwhelming /ictory this fall. Merchandizing is quar- erbacking as never before. Just give us iven one touchdown and a win in 1951 and ive'U all cheer.
CRANBERRY QUEENS— BLESS 'EM— WHO THOUGHT THEM UP FIRST?
^OMETIMES we have been critical, ad- versely, and sometimes we have edi- ;oralized favorably upon all the "Cran- Derry Festival and Queen" business, as ippears in this issue at so much length. Mow we are inclined to think the whole ausiness is commendable.
The primary purpose of these affairs in ;he various cranberry states is to publicize ranberries so widely, through the medium 5f the press, radio, by word-of-month and n every way, that cranberry sales will be timulated. But these affairs have their desirable by-products, too.
They give local business a shot in the arm. This is true in all the areas, Bandon, Oregon, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, and Southeastern Massachusetts. Perhaps this is more true in the latter than any other. That district has two primary industries, serving vacationists and raising cranber- ries. After Labor Day the vacationists de- part homeward with a bang, practically all at once. Local business falls off abruptly. Along come the festivals. From these a great many businesses profit, if only a ittle. The printer with the programs, the mating places, the gasoline stations, the
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, M ASSACHUSE'llS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. UAMMUKU, Ji-. Wisconsin Rapiu.s, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CKOWLEY CraiibLiry Spucialist Long Bea^h, Wasli.
fc^THEL M. KRAiNlCK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
(Oast Wairhain, Ma>s.
BERTRAIVI TUMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEllLERT,
\'e\v Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
clothing stores, the telephone company, railroads, airplane lines, politicos make hay. There is almost no end to the list.
Who started all this? It would be in- teresting to know. We suspect the idea was the brain-child of someone in or around Wisconsin Rapids in about 1936. Has any- body the answer?
TJIGHLY commendabls is the decision of groups in Massachusetts to request, through Massachusetts Extension Service, that the U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Eco- nomics prepare and issue monthly reports on the marketing of the crop during the most active months of selling. Growers can be greatly aided during these critical months of marketing, especially in regard to fresh fruit, if they are kept reliably in- formed of what is doing marketwise.
Thirteen
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
(Continued from Page 12)
lized, are showing a substantial increase over last year.
October Starts Off Hot
The weather for the early har- vest was hot, temperatures reach-
ing 80 and 85. October was more Jike summer than October. Elo Bog Sold The John Elo bog, which adjoins • he Cranguyma plantation, has •seen sold to Mr. and Mrs. Charles vJi'imstead, who came to Long Beach from Walla Walla.
Worry Is An Unpleasant Bedfellow
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Harvesting Dollars Or Deficits?
(Editor's Note: The following article was prepared for September issue, biil .vas received too late).
by B. D. Crossmon
Research Professor
University of Massachusetts
September's cool nights and frosty mornings prompt cranberry bog operators to make decisions. They decide which bogs they will harvest first, which bogs should be protected from frost for a later harvest, and which bogs, if any, where harvesting is a matter of indifl'erence. Occasionally, an ear- ly frost revises the cranberry bog operator's plans for him. How much thought has been given to deciding whether particular bogs can best be hai'vested by hand or machine ?
Cranberry crops for the past three years have yielded few dol- lars over harvesting expenses. For some bog operators it has meant deficits. Has this experience re- vised their thinking and their har- vesting decisions ? In some cases the choice of operation yielding the least loss has been the most profitable one. An example of this is the case where a deficit for the total cranberry crop is certain, but the value of the harvested crop is more than the cost of har- vest. Here the margin of value over harvest cost can be used to reduce the total crop deficit. Is Harvesting Your Most Expen- sive Operation?
Is harvesting your most expen- sive operation? It is for many cranberry bog operators. Part- time operators and those having small bogs may be able to do all the necessary work prior to the harvest without hiring labor. How- ever, these operators know that the time for harvesting is limited and they must normally hire labor I'or this operation.
Read Cranberries Advertising
Fourteen
Operators of large bogs tend to hire considerable labor for oper- ations prior to harvesting. Yet our research study indicates that even on these large-size units har- vest labor may be over 25 per cent of the total labor bill. The total labor bill, in turn, may be between 60 per cent and 70 per cent of the total cash expenses.
The high cost of harvesting relative to costs for other cranberry operations, and the low returns for berries in recent years should in- fluence your decisions on how to harvest your cranberry crop. When cranberries sold for $30 a barrel, the operator had less objections to a high price for seasonal hand la- bor. Recently, however, cranberry returns have been low and this situation har influenced the decis- ions of the operator.
Another reason to carefully con- sider a change in harvesting meth- ods is the diff'iculty of obtaining good experienced hand scoopers. Labor which formerly worked sev- eral months of the year on cran- berry bogs has sought other em- ployment because of curtailment of the use of regular labor on cranberry bogs in recent years. Also, rising wages outside the cranberry industry have attracted workers from the bog operations. Therefore it is difficult for the small bog operator to locate skilled scoopers for the limited time during which he needs them and for the wages he feels he can afl'ord to pay. The large bog op- erators have some advantage in hiring labor because they can promise longer employment.
The need for the bog operators to curtail certain uses of labor or to substitute machinery for men is obvious. Mechanization has been slow in the cranberry industry of Massachusetts as compared with many other agricultural enter- prises. A study of this lag in mechanization undertaken by lead- ers in cranberry production and engineers should prove very val- uable. One reason for retarded mechanization here in Massachu- setts may be the large number of small, individually-owned bogs with their irregular shapes. Ma- chinery for limited use on the small bog might require excessive
capital investment. Cooperative ownership and custom operation of machinery has been a partial solution to this problem. A re- lated reason may be the unwilling- nesr. of manufacturers to go through the heavy initial expense of producing a machine for which there will only be limited sales.
Harvesting Machines
In my research on cranberry operations I have seen only two harvesting machines, the Matthew- son and the Western. A few other machines exist, but these are large- ly individual inventions which have not been duiilicated in any volume. Even the Matthewson picker is be- coming rare. For any breadth of comparison, then, I must use the Western Picker as against hand methods of harvesting.
My first observation of the Western Picker was in 1949. Fol- lowing this observation I projected its performance and costs as com- pared with hand scooping. Last fall I gathered data from the ma- jority of Western Picker operators located in Massachusetts. Some of these operators used the ma- chines only on their own bogs, some were custom operators, and other operators rented machines. Where possible comparative in- formation on hand scooping was obtained. All operators were pleased by the saving in labor ex-
pense and the lesser dependence upon hired labor. Several of the operators were critical of the make-up cf the machine and it is my hope that their suggestions have been passed on to the manu- facturer. Breakdowns did occur, but because of dealer replacement policy the major cost was loss of time. Most operators estimated annual repairs and depreciation at tine-tenth of the machine's list purchase price. The summary of opinion was that there is no serious bruising by the machine if the op- erator is careful. One operator was conscious cf bruising at high
iUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
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Prefabricated FLUMES
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NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
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for over a quarter century in United States and Canada
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Warehnm l.iO or 970
Fifteen
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C. &L EQOMEIT CO,
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ACySHMEi MASS.
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3-4332
Per t'le first time in cran' crry hist sy a FOV/ER PRUN- ING MACHINE th"t will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY SAVER.
C. & L Efiuipiiieiit Oo.
ACOSHNET, MASS.
F. P. CRANDON 1191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
!!. C. LEONARD
19! L-onnrd Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
speeds, such as 4.8 hours per acre.
T\^o Points Stand Out
Two points stand out from the data. First, the machine harvests an acre almost at a constant rate, regardless of yield. This means an acre under normal conditions, not with wet or frosted berries or extra long, heavy uprights. The normal rate seemed to be about ten hours for a machine to harvest an acre. The range was from 4.8 hours to 20 hours. Barrels har- vested per hour per machine var- ied from 3.6 to 18. The yield is important in determining this fig- ure, e. g'., ten hours to harvest an a?re yieldiiig 75 barrels would mean 7.5 barrels per hour. The second point which stands out is the ad- \ antage in barrels per hour for the machine against hand scooping. Over a short neriod of time and on heavily yielding bogs a hand scoop- er might keep pace with the ma- chine, but the human being tires and the machine can continue at its nearly consistent rate. Even the lowest figure for the machine, •".6 barrels per hour, is nearly two and one-half times the 1.5 barrels per h'ur commonly expected from hand rcoopers.
Tirnslated into dollars at last year's rental figure of §2 an hour, n machini^ hired for ten hours, or P2'^. should harvest a bog yielding ■''■ barrels, adding gas at 5 cents an hour or 50 cents, and an oper- ator at $1.50 an hour would give a total of $35.50 or about 75 cents a barrel. Hand scooping would
Z r'-cm'-n': required by the Art of August ~". I'^SS. -s -rrerd d bv the Ac's of M-rrb 3 1C33, and lu'" 2, 1"46 (Title 39. Ilrit-d States Code, Section 233) fh^w'rg *he Ownership, Management, rnd Circulation of
CRANBERRIFS, The National Cran- 1 '.-1 :'V Maga-ine, published monthly at luc-.^ham, Massachusetts, for October, 1051.
1. The narrcs and addresses of the T-b"isher. editor, managring editor, and I- '""nrss manairers are;
Pub'ishe- — Clarence J. F. Hall, Waro- liam, Mass. Editor — Clarence -J. F. Hall, Warcham, Mass. Manapinj? Editor — Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. Business Manager — Clarence J. F. Hall, V/areh.''m, Mass.
2. The owner is:
C'arence J. F. Hall, Warcham, Mass.
3. The known bondholders, mortsfa- fT'es, and other security holders owning: oi' h'lldins 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. mortp:a(2:es, or other securities are:
None.
CLARENCE J. F. HALL. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 26th day of September. 19.51. (Seal) BARTLETT E. CUSHING,
Notary PublV. (My commission expires April fi, 19.50)
I
Sixteen
have required approximately 30 hours at a cost of $42 or 93 cents a barrel. In either case wheeling and screening would be extra. At lower yields there would appear to be an equalizing point between the machine and the hand scoopers. Actually that would be true if the human scooper could maintain a harvest of 1.5 barrels per hour, regardless of the lowness of yield per acre. But this is not support- ed by the evidence obtained. Total costs of machine harvesting per barrel ranged from 28 cents to $1.54. In the latter case the yield was only 28 barrels to the acre and it is doubtful if hand scooping could have done the job anywhere near as reasonably.
Two small operators liked the flexibility possible with the ma- chine. It left them largely inde- pendent of hired workers. Work- ing alone, a quantity of berries could be quickly picked by the machine, wheeled to shore and screened. Plans to extend the har- vest could be made without having to hope for extra workers on cer- tain dates. More of the labor be- comes a non-cash expense, either that of the operator or his family.
Purpose of Article
The purpose of this article is not to sell hai-vesting machines. It is to stimulate thinking to the point of challenging existing meth-
ods against alternatives. The case of harvesting cranberries serves as an excellent example. Harvest dol- lars, not deficits!
WE ONCE GOT ALONG WITHOUT
ELECTRICITY
Would we want to do it today?
Obviously not. You know its value in your home — in your cranberry work.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
VITAL
A Co-operative Marketing of Cranberries
Is Vital To the Success of the Cranberry Industry
Eatmor Cranberries
A Cranberry Co-operative
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
9 Station Street
SALES COMPANY
TELEPHONE 200
Middleboro, Mass.
Some Grower Sold Or Delivered ! !
Whenever you see cheap prices in a terminal mar- ket or in a retail store, remember that these ridiculous prices would not be possible if some grower had not been willing to sacrifice his returns and thereby jeop- ardize the stability of the entire industry. Don't let that grower be you!
The American Cranberry Exchange, along with some other shippers is attempting to stabilize the price for fresh fruit so that you can enjoy at least rea- sonable prices. If these efforts are to be successful, we must have the support of all growers. Here's what you can do:
(1) Deliver quality berries.
(2) Don't try to force cranberries on the market when the trade doesn't demand them.
(3) Market only with those shippers who are constructive in their approach.
A few berries sold to an irresponsible shipper or distributor can wreck not only your future, but the future of your neighbors and of your sons. Let's all work for stability in 1951 and increased returns for the future.
Eatmor Cranberries
The only nationally advertised name In fresh cranberries
AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE
NEW YORK SEATTLE CHICAGO
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
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Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The frequent frosts and wet weather experienced since about mid-October has delayed the com- pletion of the cranberry harvest in Massachusetts. Most growers had finished picking by mid-October, thanks to the unusually fine weath- er in September, but since that time harvesting has literally bogged down. Recent rains in early November helped replenish low reservoirs, but water supplies are still critically low. Dr. Frank- lin now places the frost damage at about 25,000 bbls. We have been fortunate that frost damage wasn't greater, considering the lack of water to protect the bogs. Puerto Ricans Very Satisfactory By the time the November issue of CRANBERRIES comes off the press, the majority of the 240 Puerto Rican laborers will have completed their work and left the area. It occurs to the writer than cranberry growers have been most fortunate this fall to have had these men available to assist with harvesting. Judging from all re- ports and comments, the Puerto Ricans have been very satisfact- ory. By far the great majority of these men have been willing and anxious to work. They have caused the local authorities very little con- cern and have attended strictly to business. We hope they will carry good reports of our cranberry in- dustry back to Puerto Rico. The cranberry labor committee, under the splendid leadership of "Frank" Butler, working closely with the Massachusetts Division of Em- ployment Security, performed a real service for the industry. Appear on T-V Show Mrs. Elthea Atwood of Edaville, Miss Betty Buchan, publicity edi- tor of the National Cranberry As- sociation, and the writer appeared as guests on a WBZ-TV show in
October. We had an opportunity to display some of the various cranberry products, show the new cranberry movie, and bring our in- dustry a little closer to "Mrs. Con- sumer". It was a novel experi- ence, to say the least.
Foreign Visitors Growers who chanced to meet some of our visitors here at the Cranberry Station during this fall may have wondered if we were be- coming a branch office of the UN General Assembly. Our recent dis- tinguished visitors included Dr. Muyzenberg and Mr. Feis, re- search workers from Holland, Miss Lambert, teacher in Hawaii, and Dr. Kivinen, dean of Helsinki Uni- versity in Finland. We found these people to be very much interested in our industry, and we thorough- ly enjoyed their brief visit with us. Winter Flooding We have a note from Dr. Frank- lin on winter flooding of bogs. He recommends that new bogs be flooded for the winter as soon as the ground begins to freeze. This will prevent the heaving of newly set vines. Be sure to let off sur- plus water during times of thaws or heavy rains. This will prevent the raising of the ice which often pulls the vines out of the ground. Mature or bearing bogs should be flowed about December 1, or as soon as the sand surface remains frozen all day.
Product'on — Marketing Conference The annual Production and Mar- keting Outlook Conference will be held November 28-29 at the Uni- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst. The purpose of this state-wide meeting of farmers and marketing officials and representatives of state and federal agencies is to re- view our production and marketing problems on a commodity basis. After discussing our problems, a
plan of work is prepared, outlining the steps necessary to meet such problems. We hope to have an- other fine delegation of cranberry growers present at this important conference.
ACE Sets Price For Late Berries
American Cranberry Exchange opened its prices on late fruit October 17 at |4.40 a quarter for Late Howes "Honker" brand, per quarter barrel in 1 lb. window boxes or cellophane, or $17.60 a barrel and the same packed in quarters $4.15. An advance was made in "Mayflowers," Early Blacks, to $4.00 a quarter cello- phane, S16 a barrel and $3.75 in quarters. Opening price was $15 for Blacks in the pound packages. Opening Exchange price for Wisconsins is Searles Jumbo, $4.15 a quarter in pounds, $4.10 in quarters, McFarlins, are $4.25 in pounds per quarter and $4.10, bulk. Wisconsin Late Howes are $4.55 in pounds per quarter, and $4.40 in bulk.
New Jersey Blacks are now $4 in packages per quarter and $3.75 in quarters. "Arbutus", for late Native New Jerseys, are $4.20 in pounds and $3.95 in quarters. Late Howes are $4.40 per quarter, pack- aged, and $4.15 in quarters.
PROCESSED BERRIES
Beginning with Monday, October 22, the expected rush for canned sauce began, a report of NCA to its directors states, and as of the first of November sales were run- ning from 40,000 cases daily (4,000 barrels, to 100,000 cases or 10,000 bbls. October sales of sauce
-INTERESTED-
in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McParlin and Howes vines for sale.
Vernon Goldsworthy
936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Two
in October totalled 707,277 cases or 71,000 barrels as compared to 64,000 bbls. last year. Dehydrated sales for that month were the equivalent of 9,000 bbls.
Of the total of 35,000 bbls. al- lotted by the Council to sell fresh 16,836 bbls. were moved by end of October. NCA total sales were 96,000 bbls. in October compared to 82,000 in '50.
September sales were quoted as 501,000 cases, totaling about 45,- 571 bbls., higher than any other September sales with the excep- tion of heavy 1950.
The new dietetic sauce is being received favorably, it is reported, and unfilled orders were around C,800 cases the first of the current month, but this was expected to be caught up with quickly. The 6V2 ounce, or "buffet" size can of sauce is said to indicate a tremendous demand from persons who up to the present have not been eating either fresh or processed cran- berries. The plant at Coquille, Oregon, was operating on this size exclusively, packing 2,600 cases a day. Unfilled orders tot- aled 8,000 cases.
The demand for cocktail was re- ported high, especially from hos- pitals. There was an inventory ex- pected to carry to December, but this was sold out by the end of October.
Ocean Spray, the report contin- ues, has 90 per cent distribution in the retail stores of the United States, exceeded only by Camp- bell's soups.
Up to Nov. 2, NCA had received 185,702 bari'els from members and from Exchange groups 117,000, out of a total expected of 449,000. The daily pack was running at all plants at about 4,300 bbls. per 8- hour day, with night operations when possible. Labor shortage was a problem.
NCA, Mr. Urann reports, is run- ning far short of the indicated berry supply needed.
DEMAND AND MARKET
With the advent of November the packing and shipping of cran- berries for the Thanksgiving and Christmas trade was on. Prices on early fruit were advanced slightly by ACE during October
Council Allocation Now on 60-40 Basis
Allocation of its share of the current crop of Cranberry Grow- ers' Council was changed in late October from the first tentative 40-40 percentage between fresh and processed with the 20 percent remaining to be "swung either way," as later developments made advisable, to 60 percent for pro- cessing and 40 fresh.
Increasing demands for pro- cessed fruit made the decision seem advisable, this demand including dehydrated cranberries as well as canned.
The allocation was announced by Harold E. Bryant of ACE after a meeting at Wareham.
The production of corn requires more labor and a greater cost per acre than production of small grains, but the yield in pounds and especially in digestible nutrients is about double that for small grains. (University of Massachusetts)
Protect streambanks against erosion by planting basket willows.
and were generally held firm, al- though there were one or two times during the month when there was danger of a drop. How- ever, Harold E. Bryant, general manager of the Exchange, said that stabilization was apparently being achieved and that the cran- berry trade was recognizing this fact.
After the opening of the ACE figure for Late Howes and other late varieties the market was con- tinuing strong. As concerns ship- ments, however, car loadings were down from last year, Mr. Bryant said, by about 22% during Oc- tober. How many more berries have gone over the road by truck is hard to determine accurately, but it is understood track ship- ments are showing in general a 10 ^r increase, and a good propor- tion of the cranberry crop is now being moved in this way.
The first week of November saw New England Cranberry Sales Company packing at capacity, with night work being done on cello and window box shipments.
WESTERN PICKERS Announces
• • • The Appointment of
NAHUM MORSE
East Freetown, Mass.
As it's sole Sales
Representative of the State
of Massachusetts
* • •
Discuss your Picking problems
and his easy way of financing
a
WESTERN PICKER
with Nahum
• • •
Tel. No. Rochester 32-12
Three
v/ 1^'""""™'"^^^^^^!
ISSUE OF NOV. 1951-VOL. 16. NO. 7
Publiihcd monthly at The Couriei Print Shop, Main St., Warehani. Massuchusetts. Subscription, tl.OO per year, ■ntered ae lecond-claBe matter January 26. 1948, at the post-office at Warpham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March t, IHTS
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Believe 600,000 Crop Reached
All harvesting, with a few ex- ceptions was finished by the end of October. General opinion was that probably the latest Govern- ment estimate of 600,000 barrels had been reached. There were no serious frosts in October, although there were several warnings and some damage, with water supplies as low as they were. Total frost loss is now set at about 25,000 barrels, most of this taking place during the three bitter nights of the end of September with the 29th snap being the worst. Year for the state has been rather re- markable in smallness of frost in- jury which was certainly due in good part to frost warning service and the alertness of growers to heed the advice sent out.
Growers Encouraged
November opened with growers considerably encouraged over the fact of reasonably good prices and brisk movement of the crop and the fact there was a slight price rise on Blacks in late October. As a consequence more November bog work is being done and plan- ned for the Winter and Spring. October Rainfall Down
Rainfall was below normal for month of October as recorded at the State Bog, East Wareham, this being only 2.80 inches. However, there was perhaps more rain in other areas, there being 3.98 at Boston. Temperature departure from normal for the month at Bos- ton was plus 42, bringing the total for the year to that date to plus 905 degrees.
Heavy Tet-minal Bud
Reports of a heavy terminal bud
Four
were nrade all over the area, this in spite of the large crops which Massachusetts bogs have borne in the past several years. Not as much stress is laid upon good Fall budding in Massachusetts as in Wisconsin, but, this excellent bud showing this year may be consider- ably offset by two or three factors in the opinion of Dr. C. E. Cross. First is a definite deficiency in sunshine for the year, this hav- ing been approximately 100 hours below normal for the year through October. Another is that October precipitation was light, and good October rainfall is considered im- portant in production for the fol- lowing year. Another would be that with much more bog work done this Fall, tramping on vines and other manual injury might cut down bearing to some extent.
WASHINGTON
Harvesting
By the end of October many growers had harvested consider- ably more than half of their crop in the Long Beach area, where wet harvesting is quite generally used, but dry picking at Grayland and South Bend was being slowed up by rains.
The Rains Fell
After the driest season ever ex- perienced to all intents and pur- poses, rainless weather from April until the harvest season, rains came to the rescue finally and growers were saying "Just what the doctor ordered."
A good many growers at Long Beach flood their bogs and knock the berries off with the so-called "egg beater" pijikers, and then scoop the berries from the water. Some growers used suction ma-
chines, a method which is liked on newer bogs, although it is slow. At Nahcotta on the Peninsula, Charles Nelson harvested with a Western Picker in dry picking. He has figured he is able to get in his crop with the Western faster and with much less labor. He runs the machine, Mrs. Nelson separates the berries from the trash and vines.
Crops Probably Over-running a Little
Most growers were finding their yields running a trifle larger than earlier estimates, even though the fruit is smaller than normal be- cause of the prolonged dry weath- er. D. J. Crowley has figured the Long Beach area production at about 15,000 barrels.
Many growers are shipping to the processing plant at Markham, Warehouse refrigeration takes care of any surplus.
Suggest Delayed Pruning
County Agent Ralph E. Tidrick has suggested that growers do not prune their bogs until two or three weeks after harvest is over, and then to prune lightly, except where excessive vine growth reduced the crop. Even then, he suggested that it is better to gradually thin the vines, than to try to do all in one season.
Information from the Experi- ment Station at Long Beach con- cerning fertilizer plots was ex- pected to be made available to the growers shortly. Recommendation was made that if there is a short- age of fruit buds, it might be wise to apply a light application of ani- monium sulphate to the weak spots.
Blueberry Diseases
There are three different blue-
berry diseases in Western Wash- ington; the tip diebaclc, cane blignt and cane gall. The diepback is the killing back of tips of young shoots by a fungus. Cane blight is the killing of whole shoots or canes, either by a fungus or a bacteria which girdles the stem. Cane gall shows up as rough, warty out-growing along the stem and is caused by bacteria.
WISCONSIN
Estimate 185,000 Bbls.
Production is now estimated at about 185,000 for this state. This is because of small berries and be cause it was a "top" crop — not in size, but too much top fruit only. Picking was finished around November first. Among the last to complete were Roy Potter, Craige Scott and Ralph Sampson.
Shipments Going Very Well
As November came in fresh ship- ments! were moving along very well and the growers were all optimistic as reported by "Del" Hammond of the Sales Company. It is felt the market has at last been stabilized and things should go well this sea- son.
Cold Weather Gets Early Start
There has been really cold weather for so early in the season. By the first week of November there had been several nights of below zero weather at various points; on the night of Nov. 3, the thermometer registered -5 at Manitowish. There have been sev- eral snow storms, some with four or five inches.
crop. On November 7, "Del" Ham- mond appeared in a broadcast called the "WLS Dinner Bell", originating in the Loraine hotel at Madison.
(Continued on Page 16)
HEAVY RAINS START OFF NOVEMBER IN MASS.
Although October in Southeast- ern Massachusetts had been a month of abnormally low rainfall, and higher temperatures than us- ual, November, on the very first day began to make up in part for this water deficiency. There was a four-day period of gale winds, un- usually high tides, and generally cold and dismal weather. This particular storm came up from the South along the Coast, and at the same time the entire country was undergoing weather abnormalities of various kinds.
Total precipitation for the storm was recorded at the State Bog, East Wareham, as 4.41 inches or above normal for the entire month. This supply was added to on No- vember 7 with .72 inches more, as entered at the State Bog. The rainfall for the first storm at East Wareham exceeded that at Boston, where 3.09 inches fell, also more than normal for the whole month. Snow fell in the Berkshires and in New York City, but none in the Cape area.
Plenty of Winter Flowage
Condition of the vines going in- to wintering is good. There is plenty of water for winter flowage.
While both these storms held up what little picking remained, they added materially to the water sup- ply. However, growers would be pleased to have resources built up still further by the time for winter flooding.
Recent USDA crop reports indi- cate that this year's outturn of potatoes will be in the neighbor- hood of 356 million bushels. This is the smallest crop since 1941. However, it is large enough to meet all needs, including the mili- tary, with some to spare. (University of Massachusetts)
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
Fall Weed Experiments
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales has been conducting some fall spray- ing experiments for weeds and grasses — a couple of these look very promising.
Cranberries Featured on Broadcasts
Cranberries have recently been featured in a series of broadcasts for the Wisconsin Agricultural Station, the State Dept. of Agri- culture taking more interest in the
Worry Is An Unpleasant Bedfellow
Protect those berries stored in your screenhouse with properly written and truly inexpensive insur- ance.
Our unique coverage keeps in force only what you need, when you need it, it is designed for you cranberry growers.
Brewer & Lord
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
EBEN A. THACHER flancock 6-0830
FIT*
Pilgrim Fathers, Turkeys, Cranberries and Plymouth Come to Mind at Thanksgiving Time
That Historical Town, Enshrining Plymouth Rock, Is Third in Massachusetts Cranberry Acreage — Experiment in "Communism" Early Turned Down There — -"First County Agent", Squanto Shows Forefathers How to Cultivate Corn.
By CLARENCE J. HALL Thanksgiving inevitably brings to mind thoughts of the dinner tra- ditional to that day; of Pilgrims, Indians, turkey and cranberries — and Plymouth, Massachusetts, truly historic, to use that much overworked word. Plymouth has been in the cranberry lime light recently as locale wf a part of the National annual cranberry festival last month, and be- fore that, selected by Senator Robert A. Taft for a nation-wide broad- cast, after which he visited Edaville at South Carver.
Plyra'outh is an important cranberry-growing town in its own right, acreage being second only in Massachusetts to Carver and Wareham. Walter M. Piper, Massachusetts Department of Agi-iculture, Division of Marketing writing in CRANBERRIES, 1948, called these towns the "Big Three." Based on a survey by C. D. Stevens, Crop Reporting Service of Boston, Dr. Henry J. Franklin and Dr. F. B. Chandler and himself Carver had 2,916 acres; Wareham, 1,868, and Plymouth 1,252, the only towns in the Bay State with more than 1,000.
Shire Town of Leading the m'inds of officials of National
Onanberry County Cranberry Association which led
As the shire town of Plymouth '" festival planning this Fall.
County, world's largest cranberry producing county, with a total of 10,409 acres, Plymouth has the privilege of considering herself of royal blood in the cranberry fam- ily. Cranberry-growing, fishing, manufacturing and "history," bring income to this town of 13,608 population (latest census).
Aside from its history climaxed in Plymouth Rock and (our own fond belief in the fame of cran- berries), Plymouth is mostly noted for its great Plynrouth Cord- age Company, a name known wherever rope is used, and that, of course, is all over the world. But Plymouth plans to make more of its cranberry connections, and a live-wire Chamber of Commerce seeing to that, chiefly, through its active full-time representative "Mel" A. Coombs. Already is Plymouth thinking of the 1952 Cranberry Festival and national queen selection and coronation. It does not intend to be selfish in this but to spread portions of this affair to Carver again and, it is hoped to Wareham and possibly other Cape Cod cranberry com- munities which would mean most all of Plymouth and Barnstable Counties. Such an idea is also in
But Plymouth Chamber's
Coombs intends to see Plymouth is in there anyway. And why not ? Merchants of that town, combining bargain days with the festival, report one of the most successful sales events in years.
Largest Town in the County
Plymouth has a seacoast of about 16 miles in length and the town extends about ten miles into the interior, making it the largest town in its county. It is bounded by Kingston, Duxbury, Wareham and Carver, all major cranberry towns, so it is in the midst of a sea of bogs, except on the east, which is the Atlantic, or more ex- actly Plymouth Bay. The Mano- met Hills to the south add nvuch to its beauty, and it is in this area that Plymouth's first bogs appear to have been developed. These hills are attractively wooded and near- ly 400 feet high. Burial Hill, where many of the Pilgrims and "First Comers" lie buried, is 165 feet above low water forms the backdrop of the town, as it slopes rather abruptly down to the water, where is enshrined Plymouth Rock. The coast is not "rock-bound," but has pleasant, sandy beaches.
Every school child knows well
of Plymouth Rock, where the Pil- grim band is reputed to have set foot in America to make a perman- ent settlement on Monday, De- cember 21, 1620, after first (as it is not so comprehensively under- stood) dropping anchor of their ships in quiet Provincetown bar- ber, going ashore for exploration and having spent the previous night to the famous landing, on Clark's Island in Plymouth Har- bor.
The rock, after several nrovings today with "1620" engraved upon its face, rests beneath a columned canopy. This is in a spot where it is thought it might have origi- nally rested, after its journey from the North as part of an ancient glacier.
Hard by it today, is a replica of a house of Plymouth village used in 1623 not a log cabin, as this type of dwelling was not intro- duced into America until later, but of thatched roof and board sides. Plymouth, as have most places of antiquity, has many verities in fact, many myths, or traditions that cannot be founded upon known facts and many true "firsts."
Pilgrims and Cranberries
Regretably, as has been printed in this publication before there is no aboslute proof that the Pil- grims had cranberries served at the first Thanksgiving, in Novem- ber 1621. There were Indians pres- ent and the event lasted over sev- eral days. To repeat, what has been writen before, there is not a single documentary bit of evidence a Pilgrim ever ate a cranberry. But, with the fruit growing na- turally in and around Plymouth, and with the Indians teaching them many ways of providing food in the New World, it would be silly to assume they did not know the fruit and make ample use of cranben-ies. Wild turkeys, too were plentiful, but not proven part of the first feast.
"Our harvest being gotten in, our Governor sent four men fowl- ing, so that we might after a spe- cial manner, rejoice together after we had gathered the fruits of our labor. These four, in one day, killed enough fowl as, (assumedly including turkey) with a little help
i
Six
beside, served the company almost a week. . . " As to cranberries, at a supper of the Old Colony club in 1769, a menu was servtd which was presumed to have consisted of the fare eaten by the Pilgrims. This included "a course of cran- berry tarts." Certainly there are plenty of references to the use of cranberries by the Indians, and the Indians had a place name for a section of Plymouth, "Massasso- mineak," which was in the "vicin- age of Herring Pond," not many miles from Plym'outh Village. This has been interpreted loosely as meaning the place of "Much Cran- berries."
We will leave this matter of use of cranberries by the Pilgrims in their everyday fare and at the first Thanksgiving in the rosy mist the long years have bestowed upon it, and turn to the cultivating of cranberries in Plymouth, which ap- pears to have first been done "in the rvicinage" of Herring Pond where the Indians found "much cranberries" and along Indian Brook, which is on the same sec- tion of the town.
First Ct-anberry Cultivation
Plymouth Town and Plymouth County were considerably behind the commercial development of the Cape Cod men of Barnstable County. It was not until the 1870's and the 1880's that cultivation be- gan in Plymouth to any consider- able extent as it also did in Carver.
Cranberry growing in the Cape towns can be traced back as far as 1832 (Dennis) through town tax records. While there is little doubt Plymouth had some who were early growing the fruit, the '70's provide the first taxes for the town. As a matter of fact the as- sessor's books are not available prior to 1861.
In that year there is mention of cranberries, but no assessment. There is merely an item of a tax for 100 acres of woodland, "near cranberry bog," on the property of David Manter at Chiltonville.
First cranberry grower of the town, as far as assessing him as such, appears to be Charles P. Davis, (and others) who is listed as a non-resident and of Paw- tucket, Rhode Island. This is in 1877 and is for 9 and 5/8 acres
'■«k ,
Two views of Plymouth. Upper, Statue of Massasoit, Sachem of the Wampanoags, overlooks Plymouth Rock with its white and columned canopy near water's edge. Lower: View from Burial Hill looking over town and directly down Leyden, the first street. Clark's Island and the Harbor form the background. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
of cranberry meadows near Herring Pond. Valuation is placed at |1,000. The preceding year, he, (and others) were assessed for four pieces of swampland which total to the same 9 and 5/8 acres.
The following year, 1878, two more cranberry bogs are listed. These are taxed to Samuel Briggs, Jr., also a non-resident, and this is for five acres at Indian Brook and the valuation is for §25. Also assessed is Phillip H. Haskell at
Herring Pond, acreage not given, but the valuation is $400. Inci- dentally these are not listed as "bogs" but as "cranberry mea- dows," a term much in use by early cultivators.
A. D. Makepeace Early Abel D. Makepeace, father of John C. Makepeace, to beconre known for many years as "The Cranberry King," comes into the picture at Plymouth in 1879. Mr. Makepeace of Hyannis, where he
Seven
then lived "and others," are taxed for 'Parker Mills and George P. Bowers, land (Carver Cranberry Company) for "cranberry meadow" at the Wankinko River, consist- ing of 65 acres, assessed value, 13,100. Mr. Bowers, says the late Henry S. Griffith in his Histoi-y of Carver had interested capitalists in 1878 in the possibilities of the cranberry business, and began ac- tive construction on the East Head bogs, and chief among them inter- ested in his plans, was Mr. Make- peace. Mr. Makepeace had been engaged in cranberry growing in Hyannis since the 1850's. The building of such bogs as this marked the beginning of the treck of Cape men into Plymouth Coun- ty and of general bog building on a large scale.
From then on cranberry listing among the "woodlots," "homestead lots," "salt marsh," "fresh mea- dows," "small grain lands," and such, com'e in with increasing rapidity. By 1890 there are 20 odd "cranberry meadows" taxed. Most of the holdings are small.
Largest is Mr. Makepeace, "agent" of West Barnstable and the A. D. Makepeace Company with one bog of 27 acres, valued at $10,800 and another of 8 acres, the later valued at $3,200. There are "seven small building at East Head" included in the tax. George R. Briggs
Second in extent is George R. Briggs, late father of the present George R. Briggs, Jr. He is as- sessed for cranberry meadow, 30 acres, $12,000; cranberry house 1400; cooper shop, $300; "picker's house," $75; and storehouse, $250. These are at Indian Brook. He and others are also assessed for "woodland, H. W. Pierce, ci-an- berry bog and woodlot," value $1,400.
Cornelius W. Briggs is assessed for swamp and bog, to a total of 10 acres at Long Island Pond and Indian Brook. Adoniram J. Atwood, et. als. for 16 acres cranberry bog at South Pond, value $2,500. J. Andrew Douglas, Halway Pond, 2% acres; John Dunn, Seaside, woodland and cranberry bog at Bloody Pond, four acres and for two other pieces of land and bog; Elisha Ellis of
Ellisville is taxed for % acre; Walter L. Gilbert, Chiltonville, 121/2 acres, valuation, $6,475; Al- bert M. Haskel of Cedarville is taxed for 8% acres and cranberry house and also James L. Haskel for cranberry bog at Head-of-Springs, 3, and Carter's Brook, 3 acres.
Charles E. Kimball of Pondville, has two acres; Edgar Pierce, Cen- tury Hill, 21/2; William P. Stod- dard, et. als. of Morey's Hill Pond, one acre; Eleanor E. Swift, Cedar- ville, 21/2 acres; Nathaniel Swift, Cedarville, four pieces of bog at Cedarville, Hodges Pond, Brown Lot and Elbow Pond, which total in excess of 90 acres, but this must have included other than good cranberry property as total valu- ation is $1,025; Rhoda J. W. Swift, 1% acres at Cedarville; Samuel Swift, 4 at Cedarville; Seth Swift, 2 at Cedarville.
Alonzo Warrens of Warren Ave., 4% acres at Long Pond,; Levi Swift of Sagamore, 2 acres; Wil- liam H. Fessenden, 2 acres; Benja- min W. Hatch of Savin Hill, 10 acres of land and bog at Ship Pond; William E. Packard of Bourne 2 acres of bog with wood- land at White Island Pond.
Plymouth has ponds and lakes covering more than 3,000 acres, in- cluding the so-named Billington Sea, a picturesque body of water of which the famgd Town Brook is the outlet to the sea. Because of its many ponds and streams, the town has a very lai-ge propor- tion of its bogs with full flowage, many with partial flowage and a smaller acreage classified as dry. Some Firsts
Billington Sea, by the way, per- petuates the name of the "Pro- fanist of the Pilgrims," John Bil- lingston, who was hanged, drawn and quarterd in 1630, for murder, after having before been charged with several minor offenses. The "Sea" became so named because it was discovered by a son of Bil- lingston. This capitol punishment was one of many firsts of Ply- mouth. The first duel in New Eng- land took place there in 1621.
The first town meeting may have been the signing of the Compact in Provincetown harbor in the cabin of the Mayflower, this momentous document referred to
as the foundation, or cornerstone of our democratic form of govern- ment, or the first actual Town meeting might be one held in the common house at Plymouth on February 27, 1661, for the purpose of establishing a military guard, or a later one on April 2, called "on common business." At this meeting laws "convenient for the common state" were passed. Cer- tainly the Pilgrims at Plymoutli were among the first Whites in what is now the United States to suffer from a hurricane which was in 1635.
People Turned Against Communism
With communism and socialistic plans so absorbing to the world as at present, it is interesting to note that Plymouth, through the Pilgrims had its experience of this form of government — and found it bad. The first planting and till- ing of the land was a "commun- istic" experiment — all cotrib- uting to the common larder. The second year there was an insuf- ficiency of food so that, except for the supply of oysters and clams, it is probable the entire Pilgrim population would have starved.
Then Governor Bradford and his advisers decided to have a definite plot of land assigned to each man of Plymouth on which he was ex- pected to raise a sufficiency of food for his own family. "This had very good success, for it made all hands very industrious . . . the women now went into ye field and took their little ones with them to set corn, which before would aledge weakness and inabilitie; whom to have compelled would have been thought great tiranie and oppression." And the good Governor further moralized upon the evils of a "communistic" exist- ence, finding all for one and one for all did not pan out — the lazy would not work, and the indus- trious became disgusted.
The "First County Agent"
Plymouth, as one historian has pointed out, gave the nation to come its start in American agricul- ture and had the first "county agent," that individual of so much value to all agriculturalists includ- ing cranberry growers. This was Tisquantum, better known to his-
Ei«;ht
tory as Squanto, Indian friend of Pilgrims, who taught them the na- tive way to produce more corn, that is, by placing herring in the plantings in lieu of other fertilizer.
Jesse A. Holmes
Jesse A. Holmes, (CRANBER- RIIES, May, 1946), veteran cran- berry grower, for many years operating the firm of Jesse A. Holmes and Son, sawmill and cranberry box manufactory, died at St. Luke's Hospital, Middleboro, Oct. 19. He was 65 and had been in ill health for about four months.
Mr. Holmes was widely known in ithe cranberry industry because of ihis many interests therein. He had been a director of the New England Cranberry Sales Co. for imany years. He was a member of Ithe Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and of the South Shore Cranberry Club. The manufactur- ing of wooden containers for cran- berries by the Holmes family goes back to shortly after the Civil War, when in 1871 Mr. Holmes' father, IP. J. Holmes, was reputed to be the first cranberry barrel manufacturer in the Plymouth County area.
Mr. Holmes was a life-long resi- dent of Carver, where he was born, and the Holmes family was one of the earliest in the town, Mr. Holmes having had deeds going back to the 1660's.
For 30 years he was a nrember of the Board of Selectmen and chairman for most of that time. He was a member of the Massa- chusetts State and of the Plymouth County Selectmen's Associatio i. He was a director of the Middle- boro Co-operative Bank and tne Plymouth Five Cent Savings Bank. He was a member of the Plymouth L<idge of Masons, Lions Club of Middleboro, charter member of the Carver Grange, and a past com- mander of the Sons of Union Vet- erans of Carver. He had been president of the locally-famous Carver Old Home Day Association.
Surviving are his wife; two sons, Norman V., who is a full partner in the sawmill manufactory, and Donald H. of Worcester; a daugh- ter, Mrs. Laura E. Donner, of Mid- dleboro, and 11 grandchildren.
The funeral service was Sunday Oct. 21 at 2 p. m., at the Carver Baptist Church, with the pastor. Rev. Raymond E. Fiedler, offici- ating. Burial was in the Central cemetery.
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"WALT FORT MAKES COLOR SLIDES OF N. J.
CRANBERRY INSECTS TO IDENTIFY THEM
Association. This was listed on
Above unusual photograph shows Walter Z. Port, general manager Growers' Cranberry Com- pany of New Jersey, putting to practical purposes results of an achievement of his.
During the past two seasons he has been at work wdth his Leica camera and a set of extension tubes making a series of Koda- chrome slides of the life cycles of the major cranberry insects in New Jersey. The series show the dam- age done by the first and second broods of many of these pests.
This Winter he will use the slides at various meetings to edu- cate the growers to better identi- fication of the bugs which are doing harm on the bogs and to emphasize control measures. This is being done as a part of the educational work of growers serv- ice of this aflSiliate of American Cranberry Exchange.
His first talk was at the annual meeting of American Cranberry
Tm
the program as "Cranberry In- sects and the Harm They Do." One hundred and thirty slides were shown, but the number can be raised or lowered, according to the time and the audience.
Particular insect "Walt" is pointing at a cranberry weevil and the picture was taken by the light of the slide projector only.
FINNISH EDUCATOR
INTERESTED IN THE
AMERICAN CRANBERRY
A distinguished Finnish educa- tor, Dr. Erkki 0. Kivines was an October visitor at the Massachu- setts Experiment Station, East Wareham, to gather some informa- tion about the cultivation of cran- berries. He consulted with Dr. H. J. Franklin and others there.
Cranberries are being grown ex- perimentally in Finland at the present time, he stated, and agri- culturalists in his native country
are much interested in developing a cranberry industry in their own country. He spent several days at the University of Massachusetts, conferring with Dean Hale H. Seil- ing of the School of Agriculture and Dr. A. R. Beaumont, state conservationist for the Soil Con- servation Service of Massachu- setts.
Dr. Kivines was in the Bay State under the Economic Adminis- tration Program. He expressed in- terest in student facilities at the U. of M., explaining that Helsinki University plans to expand and renovate student facilities. Dr. Kivinen is dean of the college of agriculture and forestry there, and professor of agriculture and phys- ics. He is spending three months in the U. S. visiting various col- leges and universities in the East and Midwest.
(CRANBERRIES Magazine in the past, has had several brief items upon the interest in growing the American cranberry in Finland and has a few subscribers there.)
BANDON CO-OP IS OPERATING. FROM ITS NEW WAREHOUSE
Bandon Cranberry Growers Co- op, composed of between 40 and 50 growers, is operating at its new warehouse on U. S. Highway 101, Oregon. Five persons are em- ployed there, with modern equip- m.ent. Opening prices were $4.75 for medium-sized and $5.00 for large berries, in cartons of 24 one- pound packages.
The new warehouse is 40x80 feet, with concrete floor, and shakes on the outside of the building to make it complete. It was erected on week-ends and in other spare time by members of the co-op. Mater- ials were purchased, but labor was thus donated.
President is Ennis Loshbaugh, and officers and directors include: George V. Cox, vice president; Lu- ella Cheatham, secretary-treasurer; Jack Dean and Floyd Shortridge, directors.
Fruit is sold under the label, "Bandon, Oregon, Cranberries."
Sheep and lambs increased in numbers during the past year for the first time in a decade, accord- ing to the USDA.
K
Vol. 16-No. 7 ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1951
■- ■ ■ " ""~~*-
'^
MORE THANKFUL, SO FAR
TiHANKSGIVING month, 1951, and most growers seem to feel they have a little more to be thankful about, speaking fin- ance-wise, than in the past several seasons. This is because prices have been holding up well, and a good degree of stabilization is being achieved at last in the fresh fruit market. Reports are that processed ber- jries are tremendously in demand and mov- ing fast. Dehydrating is helping out in the picture.
Growers are not expecting to make any great shucks of money from this year's labors. But they do hope to be out of the ^•ed and into the black for the first time in ^o long they have almost forgotten what a n-ofit feels like. The outlook does not ap- pear as it has in the past three years — dis- ippointing, discouraging, and all but dev- istating as to the future of the industry.
There has been some criticism that prices have not been set quite high enough ;o give a needed or desirable profit margin. As said, few expect to make very much this ^^ear, but a little profit is much, much better ;han a loss or breaking even. The feeling in all cranberry areas is improving as re- ' ports come in, and probably the smaller grower in most instances, the one who does most of his own work, may be coming off better than many of the larger operators, with labor costs as they are.
Already growers are discussing bog improvement, a factor which has been more or less neglected the past few years — because of very necessity — not because it was desired so, as is shown by the immed- iate response to put money back into pro- duction again.
, A good deal of the credit for this bet- tered condition, we feel, may be laid at the door of increasingly effective merchandis- ing on the part of both major co-ops and of independents, too, and to efforts to keep bhe fresh fruit marketing stable. Achiev- ing stabilization is a definite step ahead. Another factor this year could be in the keen interest growers themselves have begun to take in marketing. Interest in production is not enough, they must carry through.
Of course the long selling season is not over vet, but this is Thanksgiving time, so let's be thankful, at least so far. So far so good.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertisingr rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALI^Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Lon^ Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KUANICK
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment StBtion
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Pemberton, New Jersey
Station
A little more on cranberry queens and festivals, if you are interested in a lit- tle more. One suggestion — that queens be a little more mature than high school girls be chosen, particularly for competition for the national title. If our queen is to do a .job in the outside world for the industry, she must be old enough to be able to cope with her job.
We commend the idea behind the big- gest berry. Why not extend this to prizes for quality for fruit, for best production per acreage recognition to any who have made outstanding achievements of any kind during the year within the industry? Give the grower himself something to shoot at — if only a momentary niche in the cran- berry hall of fame.
QALUTE: to the Cranberry Institute for *^ achieving fresh fruit publicity, espec- ially the two-page spread in LOOK.
Eleven
iNational C'ranbes-fy Queen Barbara Patterson, appropriately before Thanksgiving gives a turkey the "once-over" at the DeLorenzo's Tur- key Farm, Duxbury. (Photo by Randall Abbott, Courtesy NCA)
Miss Dixie Sarchet, Wisconsin queen, offers "Woody" Herman, fam- ous band leader, a piece of cranberry pie at the, festival in that state.
(Photo Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune)
Twelve
Two Major Co-ops Await Report On Consolidation
Attorneys for Each Have Been Working on Plan for "Over-all Cooperative" — Massachusetts Grower Critic Urges "Dissolution" of All- Present Organiza tions to Form New Coast- to-Coast Unit. Plans and possibilities whereby American Cranberry Exchange and its affiliates, and National Cran- berry Association may consolidate into one "over-all co-op," as has been in the background for so many years, are in progress. At the annual meeting of the Cran- berry Growers' Council in July, legal representatives of ACE, Karl D. Loos of Washington, and of NCA, John M. Quarles of Boston, were authorized to draw up a plan for such consolidation to offer to both of these major cooperatives for consideration.
It is likely such a plan will be offered after harvest season acti- vities are over, in the opinion of Harold E. Bryant, general mana- ger of ACE, as both attorneys will fulfill their duty in this respect. What will come of it, Mr. Bryant says, can only be determined at the time, but he personally feels some sort of decision must be made as to the relationship between the fresh fruit and processing organi- zations, and he has been actively working for such a consolidation if existing difficulties can be over- come.
The matter has been brought to public attention through a series of articles being published in some papers, written by Bradford H. Cole of North Carver. Mr. Cole has been associated with Dunn and Bradstreet at its New York office, has long been interested in the cranberry industry and is a mem- ber of a family which has been of importance therein.
In a lengthy statement prepared No\. first, Mr. Cole suggested that all the present cooperatives be dis- solved, voluntarily, this "includ- ing NCA, New England Cranberry Sales Company, Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company, the Grow- ers' Cooperative of New Jersey, the Cape Cod Cranberry cooper- ative and, in addition the Growers' Council."
Mr. Cole continued, "At the con- clusion of such dissolutions I should suggest the formation of a new co-operative with a mem- bership consisting of all co-op- eratively-minded growers from the various cranberry producing areas
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Miss Peggy Lou Haines of New Jersey, entrant of the "Garden 5tate" in National Queen contest, shows that she knows how to act with 1 scoop, as well she might, coming from famed Whitesbog."
(Photo by "Walt" Fort, courtesy Pemberton Times, Advertiser)
^n the country. This proposed co- aperative would deal with pro- :essed berries as well as fresh fruit. Its corporate set-up would capitalize on and adopt the de- sirable features of the present co- )peratives and omit their objec- tionable characteristics."
Previous Attempts
Mr. Cole referred to various oc- lasions in the past when some of the cranberry leaders and many of the growers have pointed to one aver-all cranberry cooperative as a goal well worth attaining. He said that twice during the past four years such an attempt has been made by the two principal co- bperations to enter into a working [agreement that would result in improved financial returns to the growers. The first met with "dis- mal failure," and the current ef- fort he considered "highly question- able" in obtaining !a successful :onclusion.
In commenting on this proposal !of a single co-op embracing all o-operatively-minded growers Mr. Bryant said "It's like saying every- body should belong to one church, or that everybody should go to church on Sunday. Mr. Cole is right in theory perhaps, but he forgets some of these outfits have 10 years of proud history behind
them."
M. L. Urann, speaking for NCA says he is certain a consolidation
of the two major co-ops can be ef- fected, and as concerned Mr. Cole's statements, "I ignore him al- together." What the growers want, and what has got to come is one big co-oD with one head and a fresh fruit and a processing de- partment. Further, in the opin- ion of Mr. Bryant he felt that a good deal for the good of the in- dustry has been accomplished al- ready this year in regard to mar- keting agreements between the two co-ops, working through the Council.
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Tel. New Bedford
3-4332
Thirteen
''Cranberry Crowing Neat Type of Farming"
by Clarence J. Hall
"Cranberry growing seems to be a very neat type of farming" says Jack H. Wood, who is County Ex- tension Agent in Crops and Horti- culture for Coos County, Oregon. Jack is stationed in the county courthouse at Coquille with Exten- sion Agent George H. Jenkins. Mr. Jennkins has delegated work with the cranberry growers to his younger associate.
Jack Wood, therefore, is the nearest thing to -in official cran- berry expert that Coos County has, and his experience with cranberries is, he frankly admits, extremely limited. He did not land in Coos County until the autumn of 1948 when he knew practically nothing of cranberry culture.
But he has found the subject fascinating and likes the people concerned. "Our cranberry grow- ers are specialists in their own right, and the 'neatness' of their bogs is the result of endless hard
work. Their problems are as var- ied and complex as with any other agricultural commodity", says Wood.
He attended Washington State College at Pullman, where he ob- tained his B. S. degree in agricul- ture— m'ajoring in soil science. Other schools attended include the University of Washington, and the American University at Biarritz, France, during the wake of World
CRANBERRY BOGS and Property
FOR SALE
Four acres in two pieces, bearing; bog build- ing with storage cellar, tools, crates and screening equipment; a pump and piping for frost and irrigation, and water for flowage of the bogs.
Also wood-lots, uplands and house-lots in this property, on good residential streets in a Massachusetts town not far from Boston.
If interested address "G", c/o
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
WAREHAM, MASS.
War II.
Before joining the Oregon Agri- cultural Extension Service, Wood was with the Western Washington Experiment Station at Puyallup under the employ of Karl Baur, Soil Scientist.
Cranberries Third Industry in Coos County
In Coos County the principal in- dustries are lumbering and live- stock— primarily dairying. The hills yield Douglas Fir while the many valleys and fertile bench lands produce excellent pastures. There are tree and small fruits and garden truck produced along with poultry for home and local con- sumption. Cranberries place third in important county industries, and the approximate 160 acres of pro- ducing bogs lie along the coastal plain. Bogs are found on peaty phases of the mineral soils as well as on deep peat formed by land- locked lakes of times past.
"The ci'anberry people in Coos are somewhat noted for 'upland' bogs that are on the muck top soil of the Blacklock sei'ies. The terrain is of an upland nature per- haps but the cranberry roots are feeding in a high percentage of organic matter nonetheless", says Wood.
"Weeds present the biggest prob- lem along the culture line that the cranberry growers have here. Grass, horsetail, and loosestrife are some of the tougher ones. "Cranberry Industry Has Future in Coos
"I think the cranberry industry has a future in Southwest Oregon, and though the progress is sonre- times slow, new bogs are certainly in the making; and research in weed control methods, fertilization and processing is contributing along with the efforts of the grow- ers toward improving an industry and a product that we are proud of", says Wood.
Mr. Wood is an ex-serviceman. He was a combat infantryman dur- ing the latter part of the war in Germany. After the war he en- joyed furloughs to France, Switzer- land and Denmark. He now lives with his wife and son at Coquille, Oi'egon.
ligi Kni liili ki Wi
Ei h: Jar
Fourteen
lb.
>cean Spray Has >lew Director in Research Work
National Cranberry Association las appointed a new research di- pctor in Eugene G. Laughery, for- jierly of the Charles H. Phillips lompany in Rochester, N. Y. Mr. .aughery has already taken up his uties at Ocean Spray headquar- isrs, Hanson, Mass.
He received his B. S. degree irom the University of Illinois, 'here he did graduate work as
ell. He took other technological tudies at the Armour Institute of echnology, Pennsylvania State ollege and DePaul University.
His first position was with Corn roducts Refining Company of .rgo, Illinois, and there he worked 1 organizing a bacteriological 9ntrol set-up at the plant, hrough this work he was as- igned to other domestic plants of he company. This work required xploration and study of the entire "lanufacturing, packaging and cus- omer services of the organization, lis studies resulted in processing hanges, leading to more efficient nd profitable results.
He then became assistant to the resident of the Ramson corpor- tion in Chicago, where he was re- ponsible for setting up and or- .anizing an effective control lab- ratory, initiating production re- earch and a research development irogram. The interests of the lamson company in the food field vere with such products as dry nixes, dehydrated products, sea- oning syrups, desserts and fla- ors.
While Mr. Laughery was associ- ted with the Phillips company he ssisted in the general manage- lent, including supervision of lanufacturing, customer sales- ervice, research development, uality control, cost analysis, pur- hasing, packaging, sales and ad-
ertising.
Because of a tight container sup- y situation, utmost conservation s urged by the USDA for such jtems as metal drums, wooden and lass containers.
IT'S NOT TIME FOR If^lfl/ GIFTS ON THE ';•/'/ CHRISTMAS TREE
i" ;/ - BUT -
'^ii Christmas Is Conning
FOR THIS CHRISTMAS, WE MAKE A VERY SPECIAL OFFER IT MAY NEVER BE REPEATED.
Give yourself, or anyone else, the Christmas gift of a year's subscription to CRANBERRIES for only
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Present subscribers may make themselves the same gift by renewing at this time at the same rate for another year from date of present expiration.
(This offer expires December 24, '51). To make the gift, fill out blank below and mail to us with check or money order.
To CRANBERRIES Magazine,
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I accept your special Christmas offer of a year's subscription to CRANBERRIES for 1 year, for only $1.50.
Enter subscription for:
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FifUm
Look Magazine Has 2-Page Spread On Fresh Berries
Look Magazine, with an esti- mated readership of over 18,000,000 persons, featured a two-page spread on cranberries in its issue
of Tuesday, Nov. 6.
The spread, a full color page, (as shown above in black and white) facing a black-and-white page with acconiTianying text, was planned in consultation with the Fresh Cranberry Institute. Five cranberry dishes were shown and many others suggested.
Dominating the color page was a large vase filled with decorative sprays of cranberry vines and ber- ries (from the 1951 crop).
Recipes pictured included a re- lish, cake, baked fruit combination, punch and pie.
Titled, "Thanksgiving is Only the Beginning for Cranberries", the accompanying article explained "To Americans who connect cran- berries with sauce for the Thanksgiving turkey and and noth- ing else, some of the newer uses — from ruby soup to glowing punch — are startling. But, then, cranber- ries have made unexpected food history from the time the first
i;ilHil{IBlllHlliailHIIIHIIIHIIIIHIIHIIIIHIIIII
New England Thanksgiving dinner included the native 'crane-berry'." ' ;
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Fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Page 5)
NEW JERSEY
Weather and Frosts
October was a generally warm month with some heavy heavy rains. There were three serious frosts. The coldest temperature reported for these nights were Oct. 12, 22°; Oct. 13, 17°; and Oct. 25, 21°. On the last of these nights, only two growers were known to be picking.
The average temperature for October at Pemberton was 58 1° which was 1.9° above normal. The total rainfall was 5.04 inches which was 1.58 above normal. Blueberry Open House
The annual Blueberry Open House will be held at the Fire- side Restaurant in Mount Holly on December 1 from 10 a. m., to 12:30 noon. The N. J. Blueberry Farmers Association will have their annual meeting following lunch.
At the Open House, the staff of the Experiment Station will report on their year's work.
Annual Cranberry Meeting
The 82nd annual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation will be held the last Sat- urday in January. This is the New Jersey growers club for the ex- change of information. The nreet- ing will be held in Fenwick Hall, Pemberton.
AGRICULTURAL AIDS UP BURLINGTON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY
IN
Burlington County, New Jersey, Iragest cranberry county in that state, has made progress in a num- ber of ways, according to the 1950 census of agriculture, released last month.
County, says report, has 211,588 acres in farms out of a total acre- age of 524,160; average farm being 111.1 acres in area. Average value per acre in 1950 was set at $165.58, compared with $102.61 in 1945.
Of 1,674 farms reporting, 94,805 acres were harvested. Resume showed more farms were electrified and had telephones last year than
SistecB
in '45. Electricity was in use on 1,711 farms then, compared with 1,446 five years earlier and 1,422 had telephones in comparison with 997 to five years before.
Farmers of the county had 2,787 tractors in 1950, 1,000 more than in 1945; 2,586 trucks, an increase of 826, and 2,461 automobiles, an increase of 453. Farm horse popu- lation dropped from 2,041 to 1,413 during the last five-year period and the number of mules from 689 to 289.
Value of all farm products sold in 1949 was set at $17,849,091, compared with $12,015,485 in '44.
THE PRINCESS WORE A "CRANBERRY RED" COAT
Quote from a report of the ar- rival of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip of England at the National Airport, Washington, de- scribed her wearing apparel as including a "cranberry red coat with black velvet trimming."
Whole visiting in Canada the Royal pair sat down to what the Ontario newspapers called a "real Ontario dinner." Included in the menu were roast turkey and cran- berry sauce.
BANDON CRANBERRY IS BIGGEST SO FAR
Bandon's Fifth Annual Cran- berry Festival, Nov. 2 and 3, pass- ed into history as the largest in its history. There were parades, a ball, and cranberry bowl football
^
I
game and the "Cranberry Fair," with awards. Queen selected was Miss Peggy Helme, candidate of the Bandon Woman's Civic Club, winning over six other candidates. (More of the Oregon Festival will be given next month.)
LET US BE
THANKFUL
We live in a land of
FREEDOM
and of Plenty
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
^
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THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
9 Station Street
Middleboro, Mass.
TELEPHONE 200
It Takes 12 Months to Sell a 916,000 Barrel Crop!
November is traditionally a Cranberry-eating month of peak sales for Ocean Spray. BUT — the November demand alone is no longer sufficient to sell the increasingly large cranberry crops of today.
National Cranberry Association is selling a larger volume of cranberries each year by expanding the cranberry market in November and all year 'round. While November sales of Ocean Spray have increased 91 Sr in the past ten years, sales for the other eleven months during the same period have increased
155^
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November continues to lead all other months in volume of Ocean Spray sales, but the other eleven months have expanded to account for 79'. ^ of the Ocean Spray pack.
OCEAN SPRAY KNOWS NO SEASON. BY PROVIDING A POPULAR FOOD IN AN EASY- TO-SERVE FORM TWELVE MONTHS OF THE YEAR, IT OFFERS CONSUMERS CRAN- BERRY SAUCE THE WAY THEY WANT IT AND OFFERS GROWERS A N UNLIMITED POTENTIAL MARKET FOR THEIR CROP.
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National Cranberry Association
Hanson, Massachusetts Onset, Massachusetts St. Johns Canada
The Growers' Cooperative
Branches at:
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Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington Long Beach, Washingtor
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
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Morris April Bros. |
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BRICCS & STRATTON, |
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Apples Cranberries Peaches GROWERS AND SHIPPERS |
Offices: Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Provincetown Vin( yard Haven |
E:xpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used Engine Driven Generators For Emergency Portable and All Applications Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced |
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Alan Painten Co. Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. |
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CRANBERRY GROWERS |
Hall & Cole |
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Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and |
Established 1848 Incorporated |
Midd eborough |
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Dusters Niagara CSiemical Division |
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Trust Company |
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and Falmouth Branch vVelcome Savings Accounts Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent |
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Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
A small but capable delegation of Massachusetts cranberry grow- ers participated in the 1952 Rural Outlook Conference held at the University of Massachusetts, Am- herst, November 28 and 29. Over 300 farm leaders were present to hear the latest agricultural out- look information presented by some of the nation's outstanding farm leaders. One of these lead- ers was Bushron W. Allin, chair- man of the National Farm Outlook Situation Board, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. Each of the major agricultural commodities in the state was represented, and these groups had an opportunity to meet and discuss their own particular production and market- ing problem.
The cranberry delegation elected Philip H. Gibbs, Carver, as chair- man of their group. "Phil" was a capable chairman and guided the lively discussion periods. The cranberry industry was represented by the following men: Philip H. Gibbs, chairman; Howard Hiller, Rochester; E. L. Bartholomew, Warehanr; Lewis Billings, Ply- mouth; Lloyd Williams, American cranberry Exchange; Joseph Kel- ley and Dr. P. B. Chandler, Cran- berry Station; Prof. Earle Cox and Prof. F. E. Cole, University; Coun- ty Agents "Bert" Tomlinson and Arnold Lane; and the writer.
The following report of our dis- cussion was prepared and pre- sented to the conference.
THE REPORT OF THE CRANBERRY COMMITTEE
Tlie Situation — Massachusetts cranberry growers have produced another bumper crop. The Novem- ber estimate is 600,000 barrels or only 2 percent less than last year's record crop of 610,000 barrels. Production trends per acre show a definite increase. Cranberries con- Two
tinue to be our largest export crop in the State. There are about 1200 growers in Massachusetts and they cultivate approximately 15,000 acres of bog. We wish to endorse a statement made at this confer- ence for the past two years; namely, that the cranberry in- dustry continue to work closely with other farmers in developing agricultural progi-ams within the Commonwealth.
The marketing situation has im- proved considerably during this year. Through aggressive sales campaigns the inventory of berries in the freezers was reduced to about norm'al levels by September 1, 1951. Prices will average sub- stantially higher this year than last. While the outlook for our in- dustry continues to improve, we hope that the lessons learned the past few years will not be forgot- ten.
Future Prospects — Production of cranberries in 1952 is expected to be somewhat smaller than in 1951 unless growing conditions are un- usually favorable. The demand is expected to be slightly stronger in 1952. Several bog practices such sanding, ditch cleaning and weed- ing have been postponed during the past few years because of lack of operating capital. We recog- nize that these practices cannot be postponed indefinitely. In our opinion, it is sound business to im- prove producing acreage rather than develop new bogs or renovate marginal property.
Production Problems And Recommendations
Supplies and Equipment — In view of anticipated shortages of supplies and equipment during the coming year, we recommend that growers determine their require- ments as soon as possible and place their orders early.
Greater Mechanization — Accord- ing to a recent cost study under- taken by the Farm Management Department at the University of Massachusetts, labor involves over 70 percent of the cost of producing cranberries. During the past year the Agricultural Engineering De- partment has initiated two specific projects to assist with this prob- lem; namely, a new hydraulic sand- ing technique and a new method of cleaning ditches. We recom- mend that this work be continued.
Labor Supplies — Our industry employs large numbers of seasonal workers. The problem of locating an adequate supply of labor is becoming critical. It was necessary this Fall to import Puerto Ricans to assist with the Fall harvest. We appreciate the service rendered the , cranberry industry by the Massa- chusetts Division of Employment i Security in its administration of i this project and also its assistance ' in recruiting and placing localj help. We recommend that this service be continued and that pland be made to simplify the importaj tion of labor.
Gypsy Moth — The highly suc^ cessful aerial spray program ta control Gypsy moth Caterpillar^ carried out in Barnstable and Ply-j mouth Counties during 1949-1950 will be nullified in the near future unless similar programs are adopted in neighboring counties.! We strongly recommend that ani aerial spray program be developed! in Bristol County in 1952 and that" spot checks be made of the work already performed.
Insects — We have many cran- berry insects that cause consider- able damage to our crop. At this time we would like to express our appreciation for the valuable work carried on by Dr. H. J. Franklin, head of the Cranberry Experiment Station in the field of entomology as well as other important re- search under his direction. We recommend that research on insect pests and their control be con- tinued.
Weeds — Chemical weed control is an important means of cutting production costs. We recommend that the research of Dr. C. E. Cross be continued.
I
Disease — Spraying- and dusting for the control of fruit rots have assumed new significance with the development of the consumer type package. We recommend that the valuable research in fruit rot con- trol be continued by Dr. H. F. Bergman who was assigned to the Cranberry Experiment Station by the United States Department of Agriculture. We further recom- mend that Dr. Bergman receive assistance during the Sumni'er months.
Keeping Quality Forecasts — We recognize the importance of raising quality fruit. Dr. H. J. Franklin has developed an unusually accu- rate "keeping quality forecast" which has proved an eflFective guide as to steps necessary early in the same season to produce good quality fruit. We recommend that the Extension Service continue to acquaint growers with Dr. Frank- lin's "keeping quality forecast."
Varieties — The United States Department of Agriculture has performed a valuable service to the industry in organizing and con- ducting research in the field of new and improved varieties. The Wilcox, Stevens, and Beckwith varieties have been named re- cently. Our committee is also favorably impressed with seedling- No. .31 which looks promising un- der Massachueetts conditions. We recommend that research in this field be continued by the United States Department of Agriculture. We are also pleased to learn that Dr. Franklin is preparing a very complete and detailed bulletin on all known cranberry varieties.
Fertilizers — The proper use of fertilizers is an important sub- ject. New and more economical methods of application are being developed by Dr. F. B. Chandler. We recommend that his work be continued.
Forestry — A large percentage of forest holdings in southeastern Massachusetts is owned by cran- berry growers. In order to pre- serve this natural resource, pro- vide off-season work and supple- ment the cranberry growers' in- come, we recommend continued study of outlets of forest products by our State, District and County foresters. We further recommend (Continued on Page 16)
WESTERN PICKERS, Inc,
1172 Hemlock Avenue COOS BAY, OREGON
The Holiday Season is here, and to the majority of people it has its problems, what to get for this one, that one and the other one. There are plenty of things to get, the market is flooded with doodads and gadgets to suit anyone's taste, but the problem to most of us is financial. We know from letters and statements we have received from Western Picker owners,, they will have more money to spend this Christmas than growers who picked their crop by any other method, under the same circum'stances.
Your picking costs will be cut in half, which could mean the dif- ference of a profit or loss. You growers who receive the CRAN- BERRIES Magazine should read Dr. Grossman's article. Harvesting Dollais Or Deficits, in the October issue and you will see what we mean.
We have problems also, they are. How many machines will you want in 19.52? We have to know this, so we can get our material orders in early. Our suppliers are rushed with orders and it could be months before ours are filled.
The price of a Western Picker -will not be any lower than it is now, that is $890.00 F. O. B., assembly point.
Don't be misled by anyone's promise to supply you with a machine similar to the Western Picker for less money. That promise was given to some growers this last season and was not kept. So don't wait for cheaper machine patterned after the Western Picker as our Patents have been granted, which puts us in a position to take care of any in- fringements.
The Western Pickers' Organization wishes all of you a vei-y Merry Christmas and a happy prosperous New Year. Please remember this Christmas there is one present you can give. It could be the most valu- able gift the recipient ever received. His life. And that is a pint of blood. See your Red Cross.
Western Pickers,
South Middleboro, Mass.
Gentlemen:
We wish to thank you for your courteous service in helping us with our new Western Pickers which we purchased from you this year. It certainly was a pleasure to do business with a firm that took care of its customers when they needed help!
We used the pickers on our bogs, and for the first time since we have been in business, we were able to pick our crop safely and eco- nomically. The actual cost of picking our crop, which included bringing out boxes, picking them, bringing them ashore, and then returning them' to the screen house full, was not more than 60 cents a barrel average. One day we picked for as little as 8 cents a box.
Not knowing just what the condition of the berries would be, we have been very carefully watching them, and find that they are keeping wonderful— we have shown them to many growers for their comment, and they agree that there appears to be no difi'erence in the berries that were picked with the Western Picker, and those that we scooped.
We certainly wish you a happy Holiday season and a successful coming year!
Very truly yours, G. E. Morse MORSE BROTHERS Attleboro, Mass.
Western Pickers, Inc., prices for 1952— $890.00 until March 1, 1952, then $1050. $150 down payment will guarantee you a machine.
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ISSUE OF DEC. 1931 — VOL. 16. NO.
Publiahed monthly «t Th« Courier Print Shop. Main St . Warehnm. ManBachuiiptts. Suh.rriptinn, IS. 00 ppr jm. red «• iecond-clasB matter January 26. 1943. at thi- tMiat-officp »t Wnr^hain Mnsoaohusetrs. ■mder ihp Aft of Marrh 8. If
Entered «•
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
mas«;achusetts
Sunshine Still Deficient
By the end of October sunshine deficiency in Massachusetts, as rec- orded at Boston Weather Bureau was 126 hours below normal. The average for November is but 142 hours of sunshine out of a possi- ble 295, and this past November did little to change the deficiency picture for the yeear. December has but an average of 134 sunshine hours. Thus 1951 will be a year of sunshine deficiency in the Massachusetts cranberry area.
As, is now well known, this de- ficiency has a definitely adverse effect on production the following Fall. The situation is not at all drastic, but it is said at the State Bog, East Wareham, a production of less than last year is now anti- cipated. There are also indications from Wisconsin that that state, second in production may not have a big crop in '52 either. Encouraged Growers Start Work
There is a good deal of sanding now going on as growers, with the vastly improved market situation this Fall, feel like going ahead with bog betterment of all kinds. That the sanding program is con- siderably behind for the past few years is no secret. This Winter, if
there is sufficient ice, will probably see a substantial bit of ice sanding. This increased amount of bog work can also have an effect upon the size of production. Manual injury to vines can make a ma- terial effect. Bud, however, on most bogs, is considered to be sufficiently abundant, but there is usually sufficient bud for pro- duction.
Four
Heavy November Rainfall
Rainfall for the month recorded at the State Bog, East Wareham, was 5.6 inches, far above normal. There was rain on 1.3 days with a trace on three others. Total pre- cipitation at Boston Weather Bu- reau was even higher 6.6 inches nearly double the norm. Month Little Warmer Than Usual
November was both a wetter and a little warmer month than normal. There were five clear days none of which recorded 100 percent sun- shine and five with none at all. Lowest reading at Boston was 16 above on the 28th and highest 72. Snow is usually recorded during November but there was only a trace at Boston. Warmest degree at East Wareham was 17 on the 3rd and the coldest 12%on the 27th, both in the shelter.
NEW .TERSEY
Rain Above Average
The November average tempera- ture at Pemberton was 41.3 de- grees, or 5.1 degrees below normal. The total rainfall was 5.99 inches, or 2.76 inches more than normal. More Bog Work
There is a noticeable increase in the amount of bog work (pull- ing brush, raking, pruning, and sanding this autumn as compared to last year.
Whitesbog is planning to sand about one-quarter of their acreage, mostly with Tom Darlington's new sanding machines.
Ethelbert Haines and Brother, with young Bill Haines taking a big share in the job, have in- creased their sanding and bog resting program through the past five or seven years. The improve- ment due to this is now showing
up in production records.
WTSCONSIN
185,000-195,000?
While the November Gov. esti- mate for Wisconsin was for 180,000 barrels, now with shipping largely over, it appears the production may have run between 185,000 to 195,- 000 barrels. At least this Is the opinion of "Del" Hammond, gen- eral manager of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company and is based upon figures of that co-op, and from conversations with Mid-West Cranberry Company and inde- pendent shippers.
Sales Co. Shipped Out Early
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany was sold out as of November 20th and was completely shipped out the first few days of December.
Considerable Machine Picking
There was considerable machine operation this season and an esti- mate has been made that in both wet and dry harvesting about 700 acres were so accounted for. Possibly 400 acres were dry-raked this Fall.
Weather Cold
Budding is reported as looking good for next year and there are adequate water supplies. Consider- able snow had fallen at different times by the end of November and temperatures have fallen as low as 20 degrees below zero.
Annual Meeting of Sales Company
Annual meeting of the Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company was scheduled for Thursday, December 13, at he Elks Club at Wisconsin Rapids. There was to be a ban- quet, entertainment and dancing following the business. Scheduled
as speakers were Harold E. Bry- ant and Lester Haines of the Cran- berry Exchange.
Little Change In November Estimate
The November estimate of the cranberry crop by U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics con- tinues to give Massachusetts a production of 600,000 barrels, and a total for the country of 914.000, or a change of only 2,000 from the October estimate of 916,000. With berries all in in Massachusetts some growers are beginning to question if the 600,000 figure may not be a little too high — there is a great deal of "frost" scattered throughout the berries of many growers, as screening is proving.
Both color and maturity of the berries in Massachusetts is report- ed as well below last year and be- low average. The frost damage mostly occurred at the end of September. Keeping quality is ex- pected to be below average and shrinkage to be average or a little more. The crop is only two per- cent below last year's 610,000 if it turns out as forecast.
New Jersey is set at 72,000, be- low last year and below average. In Wisconsin, which suffered the heaviest drop from last year, pre- diction is nc.w for 180,000 barrels as compared to 219,000 last year, but is still materially over the ten-year average. Cool weather during the growing season was un- favorable for sizing of the fruit. In Washington and Oregon where October harvesting was delayed by rains and continued well into November, these states were given 44,000 and 18,000 respec- tively.
SOME '52 FRUITS UP, CRANBERRIES DOWN?
The public will want more fruit and fruit products next year, in the opinion of Joseph F. Hauck, ex- tension specialist in marketing at Rutgers College of Agriculture. Good business conditions and high- er incomes, expected in 1952, m'ean more demand for fruit, he points out.
"Growers throughout the country will produce more peaches, oranges and sweet cherries next season. Production of apples, strawberries, sour cherries, cranberries, and grapefruit will be down," he pre- dicts.
The cost of production and mar- keting will increase again next sea- son, he also believes.
Constructive Approach By All In Industry Brought Successful Season
(Note: The following was written by Mr. Bryant in early December, by request) .
Harold E. Bryant,
General Manager
American Cranberry Exchange
Progress has been made in the cranberry industry this year. Our major objective at the beginning of the season was to stabilize the market for fresh cranberries. We were in a position where we would rather have too few cranberries at a stabilized price than too many in a disorganized market. Thus, when the National Cranberry As- sociation through the Cranberry Growers' Council indicated that they needed 456,000 barrels, rep- resenting 60 percent of the 1951 crop, we agreed to take 40 percent of the crop for distribution as fresh fruit.
We reoognized that the 1951 allocation was liable to make us run short of supplies and that it was far below what we should have for delivery on the fresh fruit mar- ket over a period of time, but we deliberately accepted a reduced supply in an attempt to stabilize f >n< >n< >n< >n<-
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the market.
As you know, we started out at an opening price of $15 per barrel. For some time, the nrarket was stalled at that figure and the trade throughout the country had very little confidence that we would be able to hold at that price. We would not have been able to hold the price without grower support. Growers were willing to sit back and withhold shipments until the market was ready to take addi- tional supplies.
November Rush
By November, the market began to strengthen, enabling us to raise our price on Late Howes to $18 per barrel. Early bookings for Thanksgiving were rather light but, when consumer and retail de- mand began to sti'ike, the entire trade found they were short of supplies. As a result of this situation and a good Thanksgiving demand, the trade im'mediately came back to order their Christ- mas supplies, giving us an unprece- dented demand in the three — or four-day period befoi-e Thanksgiv-
( Continued on Page 12)
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CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
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A Maine Grower of the Last Century Water-raked and Had Berry Factory
In Little Town of Alfred, Albion E. Gile Put Into Effect Modern Streamlined Ideas — Jerry Gile and Neighbor Today Are Reviving Industry There.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
That the old saying, "There is nothing new under the sun" is based upon fact, is always being proven; methods or discoveries which seem modern are found to have been utilized before. Even to what might be termed a "cranbsrry factory" and assembly line production of the fruit.
This has reference to the activities of a grower of the past century in the state of Maine, a grower who in his line of thinking and ingenuity appears to have been abreast or even ahead of today's thinking, in many respects.
Water-raking is generally considered to have originated in Wiscon- sin. C. D. Searles has told the writer he believes it was his father who was the first to water-rake in about 1906. The late Dr. Neil E. Stevens also gave Searles credit and refers to the method as a "late develop- ment". The writer suspects that many of those who harvested wild cran- berries in the days of pre-cultivation raked "wet" in the swamps with the little box-like short-handled scoop of that time, used from a standing- position, and certainly berries were handpicked in wet, wild marshes. Possibly it was from the gather- formerly was a considerably larger
ers of wild fruit in wet swamps that the Maine man conceived the idea the best way to pick cran- berries was in water. Certainly he built bogs deliberately designed to be water-raked long Eefore the method was developed in Wiscon- sin. And in Maine, a state which has never been prominent in cran- berry production!
A Man of Many Interests
The man who built these bogs was Albion E. Gile of Alfred. He seems to have been a man of many parts. Born January 29, 1826, died in 1892, he was twice a mem- ber of the Maine Legislature, and a man of whom the Gile genealogy says, "held about every public of- fice in his town." He farmed, con- ducted a grist mill, a tannery, a potash plant. He was of an in- ventive turn of mind, obviously of considerable mechanical ability, and a man who must have given a great deal of thought to that god of today, "efficiency". The Gile genealogy also adds it was he who intioduced cranberry cultivation in- to the section of Maine in which he lived.
Alfred is the shire town of York County, located in the southern part of Maine, near Sanford and southwest of Portland, the State capitol city. It is a town of 1,000 or a little less in i)opulation. It
Six
community. It is picturesque in a rural fashion, and of historic in- terest. It has the beautifully de- signed York County Courthouse, the county jail, a town green in the center of the village, with a stone watering trough left from the old- en days. The country is rolling, once heavily wooded, but now largely cut off. From the Gile bog Ossippi Mountain is visible. Lum- bering, farming, raising of live- stock, dairying are the occupa- tions. It is very much still un- r polled back country, not invaded to any large extent by tourists.
The Gile stock is of the oldest in Alfred, although there are only two families by that name there novv. The first male child born in Alfred was a Gile and the first wo- man to die there, in 1774. was a Gile. Today, and in fajt, for the rast several years, another Gile — Jerry A., with his sons, Alden and Wayne, are engaged in cranberry cultivation near the site of the Albion Gile bog. Jerry Gile is no direct descendant of Albion, al- though there could be a distant re- latirnship. Jerry Gile has made several trips to the Massachusetts cranberry area — one with Alden — has visited the State Experiment Station at East Wareham and some of the Cape growers. While he has as yet made no great strides
as a cranberry grower, isolated as he is in Maine, away from the real centers of cranberry growing, he is a true cranberry man at heart. He is vastly interested in the cul- tivation of cranberries.
The Albion Gile bog itself is be- ing slowly reclaimed by another Maine man, George R. Roberts, a GI of World War II, and his fath- er, George L. Roberts. So the interest in cranberry growing at Alfred, begun by Albion probably not long- after the Civil War, is having- a revival.
A It ion Built a Bog of Surprising Size Albion in his time built a bog of furpiising size. It is said to have consisted of 22 a.res, all in a sin- gle piece, completely enclosed by dikes. He did not sand, but did select his vines very carefully from the "most likely" looking of the native cranberry patches. Of course, Maine in many parts has a great deal of wild American cranberries. It was of Maine cran- berries (presumably) that John Josselyn, English Gentleman, wrote . his famous description of the American cranberry in "New Eng- land Rarities Discovered", after a visit to a brother at Scarborough ir 16.33. Albion planted the best vines he could find, "no two alike", it is said.
He built his beds as long- and nairow, rectangles, just as many do in Wisconsin, for water-raking. These b'eds were about 30 feet wide by perhaps 600 feet long. There were margin ditches, but no center or cross ones. Dikes ran length- wise between each bed, and around two sides of the entire bog was a canal or ditch.
Water was obtained from a round body of water called Shaker pond or, to give it its old Indian name, Massabesic, or actually from Shak- er brook running into the pond. Besides this source, he augmented the supply with two "waste water basins" or reservoirs. Shaker pond, incidentally, is a beautiful blue body of water, unspoiled by cottages. By it there formerly lived a colony of that religious sect known as Shakers, which gave the pond and brook their names.
At tlie upper end of the bog Al- bion built a gate house to take
I
JEURV A. GILE (Photo Courtesy Herald Evening Express, Portland, Me.
S?v«n
"BANKWALL" a typical old-fashioned Maine Farm H omestead.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
the water from Shaker brook. He built "boxes" or tunnels under the dike and into each individual bed, so they could be flowed, one after the other, for picking. Where the water spilled into the beds he built pits lined with stone to pre- vent wash, and in these it "boiled up". He also built his outside dikes with rocks at the bottom for strength.
Built Bog on Slant
The whole bog was built on a slant so the water could run off at the lower end and his berries could be carried by it on their way to the "factory" eventually.
Raking was done by a crew of half a dozen or so men. Wearing hip rubber boots, they raked the berries off the vines with steel rakes with wooden handles, like a garden rake. The teeth were blunt, presumably to avoid as much bruising as possible. Vines were always raked in one direction.
With the berries raked off, the
fruit was "boomed" along down the bed to the lower end. This was done with a plank, 25 or 30 feet lonj,', 10 inches high, set on edge. This "boom" was operated by three men, two with harnesses over their shoulders with drags attached to dogears at both ends of the plank, to pull it ahead. A third man walked behind to steady the boom, and so the fruit was floated down. From the lower edge of the bed the berries were floated into the outer ditch or canal and again down to the lower edge of the bog at the mill.
The Cranberry "Factory"
This mill, or part of it, to speak a'-curately, was set astride the brook itself. There was a water wheel, turned by the brook. The wheel drove an endless canvas belt which at intervals had dippers or buckets to scoop up the fruit. This belt went to the top of the mill, which was three stoi'ies high across the back, and in dimensions
about 40x20 feet. The berries were taken dripping wet to this top room.
There they were dumped on trays which had slits, and were tilted toward the south. The ber- ries were held onto the trays by cloth screens. On warm and sunny days the trap doors in the top were opened and the sun and air came in to dry the berries. Some of the chaff dropped through to the floors below. Berries were moved wherever possible through cloth chutes to eliminate bruising. "Picking" Room
Second step in this "factory" for cranberries was to drop the fruit down to the second story, where there were more trays. These were tilted in the opposition direction, that is north. This was the second drying stage.
Final phase was to chute the fruit down to the first floor, where there was a "picking" room, and a storage room. The ternr "pick-
Ei^ht
ing" room was seemingly used in the same meaning that a Cape Codder of old would have said "screening" room or more mod- ernly "sorting" room.
In "picking" the berries were placed in "picking" trays, which are described as having been of slated frames, with two "pickers" sitting at either side, doing hand "picking," or sorting, and when berries were "picked" they were pushed down to one end by a board and then into flour or sugar barrels, the common containers for cranberries in early days. These "trays" sound very similar in de- scription to the design of the first Cape Cod "cranberry screens," but are understood to have been of Albion's own development. Chaff dropped through the slits and dis- cards and then could be dropped through a trap into the brook and discarded, with no unsightly piles of spoiling cranberries.
The trays, about nine in number, were hinged to the wall so they could be pulled up out of the way when the floor was being swept or space was needed for some other purpose.
Because of the construction of the building this "picking" room was located directly over the brook which probably had a disadvantage in that moisture from the water below came up through the floor, but that is the way it was ar- ranged. There were also some of the drying trays erected on the outside of the building on stagings, with steps on either side for the workers. These were auxiliary dryers. One of the uses for these was when the mill interior was filled. Jerry Gile can remember, as a boy, sliding down the sloping stagings at the end of the day.
In summing up the cranberry operations of Albion, this ingen- ious cranberry "factory" was oper- ated by water power and gravity, the natural resources which were available to this Maine grower of so long ago, and he utilized them skilfully. 1 Everywhere he ceuld, in the mill he had rough spots covered with cloth to save the fruit from bruising. Albion would, ap- parently have been completely thrilled by the modern conveyors,
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CRANBERRIES
fORmfWIfflilWMMRYANDfOftBIGHll
INDIAN TRAIL has now demonstrated its abil- ity to obtain the top F. O. B. market prices both in years of rising prices and in years of declining prices. This performance is combined with minimum fees consistent w^ith aggressive merchandising and efficient grow^er service. It is good business to be in INDIAN TRAIL.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
motors, and the "tools" of all kinds available to the growers of the present. Maybe he wouldn't have been, but have preferred to develop his own devises. At any rate, he seems to have anticipated many of the modern theories of cost-cutting and time saving pro- duction in his own way, crude though it was.
Very last step in his program was loading the berries in the har- ries on two-wheeled hay carts and then hauling them 3 miles to the railroad at Alfred Village, or 2% to neighboring Waterboro. Much of his fruit, however, was disposed of locally.
As he grew older, his bogs were beginning to run out prior to his death. After this Alden K. Gile, father of Jerry, bought the entire property from Albion's widow, as his own property adjourned and he wished to protect certain water and other rights. Alden was a large general farmer.
Alden Giles
Alden had begun a bog of his own, one of 3% acres before he bought the Albion property and the two used the cranberry mill together. He didn't transport his fruit by water, however, but he did water rake his crop. His start
as a cranberry grower has been set as 1872.
This second early Alfred grower was not content with the vines of his native state, but brought in Early Blacks from Cape Cod, re- putedly from A. D. Makepeace and a Mr. Gaboon. At least these are the names as remembered today, and presumably the Gaboon was Cyrus Gaboon developer of the Black. There is a family story that Mr. Makepeace and Captain Gaboon once visited the Alfred bogs.
Shipped Berries to Cuba and Peurto Rico
Some of the first crops grown by Alden were handled through a Mr. Farnum who had an office at Fanueil Hall Market in Boston. A portion of his crops some years, through this Mr. Farnum, was put into new hogsheads filled with water to preserve the fruit, and shipped to Cuba and Puerto Rico. There the hogsheads were filled with molasses and so were utilized in shipments each way. Later Alden sold through Hall and Cole, that firm with long-established interest in cranberries, still doing business at the Boston landmark. His later shipments were in Cape God cranberry barrels.
In 1906 Alden sold out the cran- berry property, with Jerry's con- sent, as father and son were then carrying on an increased general farming business and had too many other interests to carry on the cranberry end. It did not seem important at the time, although later Jerry rather regretted the sale.
George L. Roberts The purchaser was the afore- mentioned George L. Roberts and he operated the bog for a time and then went to California and the bogs lapsed entirely, except for a few patches here and there. The son, George R., is now re- storing a portion of the bog in his spare time and has set out IV2 acres.
Jerry Giles But, Jerry must have a streak of the cranberry strain remaining in him, for a few years ago he wanted to take up the business again. Since the old property be- longed to the Roberts he used a piece of land just below his fath- er's bog. He built his bog on the same general pattern and has two acres in Blacks, his vines having been purchased from "Joe" Kelley of East Wareham, Mass.
The bog of Jerry is on made land, where the brook has filled in, as was the Albion bog. The loca- tion is meadow, rather than swamp land and would be called hard bottom.
Jerry has yet to produce his first big crop, and last Fall was fairly successful. Alden, who is 20, assists his father, which really makes three generations of Maine growers of one family, at Alfi'ed. Young Alden's principal interests are three; apples, cranberries and', dairy cows. Of the latter the Giles have a sizeable herd. Alden is the oldest of four boys, the others being Wayne, 18; Bruce, 15, and Keith, 13.
Jerry believes that while the
Early Blacks will produce well in
Maine, they do not grow as prolif-
icaliy as the native vines. However,
he feels they ai-e advisable there
for their early ripening qualities.
Gile Doesn't Worry
About Maine Frosts
While Gile has known Maine
■4
I
JEKUY (iILK, (center) his son, Alden left and George Richards stand at site of old "Cranberry Factory". (CRANBERRIES Photo)
temperatures to drop to as low as 40 below on two consecutive mornings, years ago, he does not worry about frost on his bog. Spring or Fall. He has plenty of water and , can cover up well in two hours or less, by gravity flow. The Alfred bogs are among the hills, and are relatively high for cranberry bogs. There is a bench mark on the farm with 272 feet, but the bog is at a lower elevation than the mark, perhaps 250 feet. Neither is Alfred too far from salt water, it being at Biddeford, a distance of about ten miles. Gile does not believe, however, that the hard Maine frosts are tempered any by this proximity to the ocean. He does admit that
the frosts, when they come are real frosts, yet with his plentiful water supply he does not consider them a handicap to his cranberry bog growing.
Jerry, Mrs. Gile, their four sons and his sister, Elsie, li\ e in a large, white-painted farmhouse, which dates from 1770, and has always been in the Gile family. There are big barns. Tall trees are in the yard.
The property is called "Bank Wall Farm" because solid stone walls entirely surround the prop- erty except on the front. It is in a beautifully situated valley with high hills around it and the Shaker Brook flowing down to Massahesic Lake.
Ten
(^ditMals
Vol. 16-No. 8 ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1951
\J ^;^HAiC«^8««,«^^^
INDUSTRY HAS ITS CHRISTMAS PRESENT ALREADY
inpHE cranberry industry has already re-
ceived its Christmas gift from Santa — this consisting of Strong Demand for Cran- berries, Higher Prices, and a Stabilized Market. Not in three or four years has Ole Kris Kringle been so kind to us. This Fall's market was the kind of thing grow- ers have been waiting for.
Last Fall there was a clean-up of fresh fruit, but nothing like the rush of buying which has been experienced this year. A relatively small quantity of fruit remained after Thanksgiving to be sold, the Ex- change stopping order taking before De- cember. Fresh fruit prices have been ris- ing all season, not falling. There has been heavy demand for processed berries.
This doesn't mean that the industry is making any "killing" this season. But we do appear to be once again squared away to do business on a sound basis. A major aim this year was to achieve stability again.
As this is written, in early December, a few growers may be holding back a little fruit to ring the bell of top prices. Natur- ally, everybody wants "top prices" in what- ever he has to sell, or at least nearly every- body does. But it is to be hoped there will be no "hold-up" selling this year. It is not good for another year to leave a sour baste in the mouth of the trade at season's end. There probably isn't enough fruit remaining to cause any danger this year, and so the season ends well.
NEXT YEAR CAN BE CRITICAL, TOO
CHOULD there be a considerably reduced crop next year, too high prices would be a thing to watch out for. Just what is un- reasonably high in these days of constantly rising costs and taxes is a most difficult thing to say. Certainly a laborer is worthy of his hire and a man who invests his cap- ital and his time in an enterprise, risky aftentimes, as cranberry growing is, is worthy of a reasonable profit margin.
But no grower in his right mind would want to see again a year of prices absurdly high. Now that the industry has once again restored confidence in the market no one should be greedy enough to tear it down again. Nobody wants the swing to
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor arid Publisher ' CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranbeiry Specialist Lonff Beach, Wash.
KTRFT M KTJAVTCK
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
B-i mutable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
giddy prices and then the sickening de- scent to disastrous prices and glut. And it would seem as if this lesson has been quite generally learned — casual conversations of many growers bear this out.
MERRY CHRISTMAS
<<T ESS than a million barrel crop will be a catastrophe", has been stated by M. L. Urann. Others have expressed opinions that we do not want any more small crops. Our merchandising plans are now geared to "big time." But next year's crop is in the making. We do not have the shipping container problem licked yet, nor harvest- ing— labor may be scarcer and almost cer- tainly higher.
However, this is the Yuletide. Let's be happy with our achievements of 1951 and wish all a Merry Christmas.
Eleven
■r '^^^ ^5?^***<*^<*
»,| --"S^^i-iV '^A'-f^'*
C & L Cranberry Bog Rake
Pruner and Rake make a combination for Econom- ical and Efficient Pruning of Cranberry Bogs. For information consult either
F. P. CRANDON
Acushnet, Mass.
Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
Acushnet, Mass.
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 Leonard St., Acushnet, Mass.
For the first time in cranberry history a POWER PRUN- ING MACHINE that will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY SAVER.
C. & L Equipment Co.
ACUSHNET, MASS.
F. P. CRANDON 1191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
*
Twelve
, ,„_.+
Constructive Approach
(Continued from Page 5)
ing.
On November 21st our supplies were at such a low point that we could not accept further orders and were forced to withdraw our quotations from the market. The price at that time was $19 per bar- rel. We have indicated to the trade that if we have any additional sup- plies, they will be priced at $5 a case or the equivalent of $20 per barrel.
The season has been quite dif- ferent than the past few years. First, we have had the unusual situation of a steady rising market for the fresh cranberries, whereby growers and the trade have been able to make a little money. It is also a little unusual to be complete- ly sold out on the 21st day of November.
The cranberry season, of course, is not completely over. The trade has booked a fair amount of fresh cranberries for Christmas, which are now being shipped and will probably continue to be shipped until about the 15th of December. It may be possible to take on a few orders, but as it looks now, the entire crop should be sold, shipped and delivered prior to Christmas. Entire Industry Aided We believe this has been an ex- tremely sucessful season for fresh cranberries. It could not have been accomplished, however, without the support of the entire industry. For one thing, the 1951 prices for fresh fruit would not have been possible if the processors had not needed a large quantity of berries. And as we pointed out before, these prices would not have been possible if growers had not been willing to accept the recommenda- tions of their respective sales agencies and hold back on ship- ments when the market was weak. The various sales agencies and in- dividuals concerned have attempted at every turn of the road to help stabilize the market and get bet- ter prices for cranberry growers.
By going through the season without a break in price, we have reestablished the confidence of the produce trade in fresh cranberries. As a result, we expect conditions next year will be quite different
than at the beginning of this sea- son when fresh cranberries in many places were merely an ac- commodation item. Next year, we expect they will want to handle fresh cranberries.
Constructive Approach
Now that their confidence has been re-established, we are in a position to handle a normal supply of cranberries in the fresh fruit market at reasonable, stabilized prices.
We believe the history of the 1951 cranberry deal points to the interdependence of the markets for fresh and processed cranberries. They both are needed and the ac- tivities of each have a very definite effect on the other. The season was successful because of a con- structive approach by all factors of the industry. We can now look forward with confidence to in- creased distribution in a stabilized market.
Situation Called ^^Bright" By NCA As '51 Year Ends
The price of Ocean Spray cran- berry sauce was advanced on December 1 from $1.70 a dozen to $2.00 a dozen (No. 3 can) and all other products in proportion. The $2.00 figure makes about an 18 percent increase. Telegrams to brokers wei-e sent out on that date, making the announcement.
NCA had expected to have about 200,000 bbls. on hand by December 31, assuming a reasonable quantity for Spring and Summer needs, in- cluding early September demand before the '52 crop conies in. Of- ficials now say there will only be about 136,000. This low supply, in combination with increasing costs of materials, made the advance de- sirable.
Total berries received this past harvest, and expected to come, are 455,900 barrels. November sales showed 46,719 cases to the Govern- ment. Increase in civilian sales are figured as up to 31 percent for the season just closing. Consumer demand has been increasing at a rate of about 30 percent a year and this year reached it's all-time high.
1950 Berry Pool
The 1950 ben-y pool is expected to be closed in mid-December, and it was said this has apparently earned $9.00 a barrel, of which there will be a 10 percent retain paid in 4 percent stock and about $1.00 a barrel more in cash.
The closing season was described as started normally and there was cautious buying by the trade. But the demand was under-estimated and by November there was a rush to restock supplies which had been emptied by high consumer buying.
The berry supply after the first of the year is expected to provide for about 1,500,000 cases of sauce for Spring and Summer, which is short of NCA sales needs. It does give enough for strong promotions of sauce with chicken during the Spring. The plan of cooperative advertising with NCA dealers, be- gun three years ago is to be con- tinued in 1952.
NCA calls the situation "bright"
iiiiiaiiiiniiiWiiHiiiiHiiiiBaiiiiHiJisiiiiiaiiiiisii
at the end of the year. The fresh fruit market has been steadied; the canned cranberry market reached a new high in volume. "This v*all be a good year for the growers."
MORE CHICKEN AND TURKEY IN 1952
A release from University of Massachusetts states a comnmttee of farm experts, who worked on poultry prospects indicate all phases of the industry for the nation will show increases in 1952. Committee estimated the number of layers on farms January 1st will be 2 percent greater than at the same time last year.
Turkey production is expected to total 56 million, 11 million of which will be in the smaller varie- ties of the bird. This is an in- crease in the total number of birds raised. However, the addi- tional numbers should not increase appreciable amount.
L
I
IDEAS
(They help in making the world go round)
Please tell us how we can make CRANBERRIES more helpful to you. Give us some ideas, suggestions.
I would suggest:
Name
Address '-
If you are hesitant about giving your name Just send along an idea, anyhow, to
CRANBERRIES
Wareham, Massachusetts
Thirteen
Puerto Ricans Thru, Leaving A Good Impression
The Puerto Rican contingent of agricultural workers in Massachu- setts and New Jersey all concluded their cranberry work by December first and returned to that American island or went on to work in more southern areas in the states.
The 240 workers in Massachu- setts were found to be very satis- factory, in the opinion of Frank Butler, chairman of the Cranberry labor Committee, which worked closely with the Massachusetts Di- vision of Employment Security. This opinion is heartily backed up by most, if not all, of those grow- ers who contracted this auxiliary supply to the ordinary sources. The
Above — An island worker wheels berries ashore, and below, another group scoops. Both pictures are taken at State Bog.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Fourteen
men were found to be willing and able workers, and there were no instances of "trouble" reported.
Without this labor the harvest period from picking to screenhouse work would have been considerably more complicated, and scarcity of labor would have been a far more serious factor in the Fall oper- ations. As it was, it was a pretty tight season for a good many of the growers.
Only objection to the arrange- ments of this year, Mr. Butler says, was that some of the men were un- accustomed to the climate and there was a good deal of sickness. Far more of the Puerto Ricans were on the sick list at times than local workers. As the contracts called for medical care and hos- pitalization, if necessary, paid for by the growers, this turned out to be more costly than anticipated.
Mr. Butler hoped that an ar- rangement for the return of these workers could be worked out for another year, but the medical phase would have to be modified.
More Attending Edaville Christmas
With the lights turned on at dusk, December 7th at Edaville, South Carver, more were attend- ing the 30,000 electric light Christ- mas-New Year illumination than last season. Visitors this year, pass through a first arch which
spells out, in lights against the night, the word "Welcome," and then under succeeding arches reading "Memorial to Ellis D. At- wood." Mr. Atwood was fatally in- jured in an explosion at Edaville a year ago.
Present for the opening, were 60 representatives of press and radio. A turkey and ham buff"et supper was served at 6. After this the news and radio men and women were taken on a trip over the five and a half miles of the "Cranberry Belt Line." As the 11-car train passed "Sunset Vista," showing a floodlighted white church with its reflections upon a flooded bog, the locom'otive whistle was sounded twice as a tribute to Mr. Atwood, whose grave in the South Carver cemetery is a short distance from that point.
"Peacedale," the traditional New England village, with a new grist mill and turning water wheel added, remains the highlight of the trip. Much interest was shown in a new "Santa's Workshop" at the North Pole. It shows the shop, the North Pole post office, and the barn for Dancer, Prancer, Blitzen and Vixen.
Display will continue nightly through January 2, with trains operating every 25 minutes, from
4:15 when the lights go on until 10:15. There will be a special mid- night observance on New Year's Eve.
fr
A new one-reel movie short, en- titled "Cranberry Harvest", will soon make its screen debut, but showings will be largely limited to areas outside the United States.
Filmed by Sound Masters, Inc., of New York for the Motion Pic- ture Division of the U. S. Depart- ment of State, the black-and-white sound movie covers cranberry har- vesting, screening, packaging and transportation, as well as kitchen scenes showing the preparation of cranberry dishes, with table set- tings.
The latter scenes were made in the test kitchen of the Fresh Cran- berry Institute, also of New York. Industry scenes were filmed on Cape Cod during the week of Nov. IV.
The movie is one of a series of films being shown abroad by the State Department to illustrate the American scene. Sound tracks will be made in 20 or more languages, including Chinese, Arabic, Indi- nesia, Hindustan and other Asiatic languages.
An English version will be shown in Canada and other parts of the British Empire.
Fresh From the Fields
Late Massachusetts
Official sunshine deficiency up to December first was 122 hours, a considerably unfavorable factor as to quantity of crop next season, but several points to the good on the side of quality for '52.
December started in with aut- umn weathei', and up to the 10th the degrees in excess of normal was 144, as recorded at Boston Weather Bureau.
With the mild weather a very
Fifteen
large proportion of acreage was still unflooded for Winter up to the 10th, and much bog sanding had been accomplished. Water sup- plies, while not sumptuous, are con- siderably generally adeouate. Rain- fall for mjnth had been .83.
As crop figures are computed there seems doubt that the 600,000 barrel production was actually reached, or if it was there is some amazement as to where the berries went so quickly. The contrast be- tween the surpluses of the past several years and the suddenly (de- veloped scarcity long before Christ- mas was rather amazing.
Station and Field Notes
(Continued from Page .3) that cranberry growers adopt sound forestry practices.
Marketing Problems and Recom- mendations— We recognize that light colored berries were shipped fresh at the start of this season which definitely retarded sales. We recomm'end that this situation be corrected another season.
Di.stribution — We wish to en- dorse a statement made by our cranberry committee at this con- ference last year; namely, the responsibility of placing high quality fruit in the consumer's hand rests with the grower. He is equally responsible for:
Sixteen
1. making every possible effort to raise good quality fruit.
2. for insisting that his product be properly screened and packed.
3. for making certain that his marketing agents effect an orderly flow of cranberries through chan- nels of distribution.
Sorting, Grading and Packing —
Our convmittee recognizes that cranberry industry has not changed its sorting and grading methods for many years. We know that present methods result in excessive injury to the fruit. The Depart- ments of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology are making important contributions to the in- dustry in this particular field. We recom'mend that their research be continued.
Advertising — We believe that the advertising programs of the cranberry industry have been high- ly effective. We also wish to en- dorse the work of the newly or- ganized Fresh Cranberry Institute.
New Products — Our committee wishes to encourage the develop- ment of new cranberry products as a means of increasing the dis- tribution of our crop.
Market Report — We endorse thi action taken by the Cranberr; Growers' Mutual in requesting ; U. S. Cranberry Crop Movemen report.
Philip H. Gibbs, chairman; J. E Beattie, secretary.
PROGRESS ON THREE LAKES, (WIS.) CANNERY
The canning plant at Threi Lakes, Wisconsin, in which Ver non Goldsworthy is interested, ha: been making some progress in tha surveyors are working on th water and drainage problems The first well will soon be put ii and the results will determine th location of the plant.
-INTERESTED-
in buying or leasing
Wisconsin Cranberry
property.
High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale.
Vernon GoEdsworthy
936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Jersey Lab Has Open House For Blueberry Men
I The 20th Annual Blueberry Open iHouse held on Dec. 1, Fireside res- taurant, Mt. Holly, N. J., was at- tended by slightly more than 100 ipersons. The session was a long one with 8 reports on the work of the year. Among the highlights were the following items.
Martin T. Hutchinson gave fig- ures showing that the Rancocas ivariety of blueberry is not immune to stunt disease. It is highly re- isistant, however, and sometimes when it is diseased the symptoms lare not visible. At other times, (the symptonrs are visible and are •similar to those shown by most other varieties. These data were obtained over a two year period by Igrafting diseased Sancocas canes ion healthy Cabot plants, and by Igrafting diseased Concord canes on Ihealthy Rancocas plants.
New Insect Menace
Philip E. Marucci spoke on the mew menace of a soil grub which Ihe refers to as a crown girdler weevil. The U. S. Dept. of Agri- 'culture specialists at Washington Ihave studied Mr. Marucci's speci- mens and find it is one of which no specimens exist in the National IMuseum. It may be found on in- Ifested plants by removing the soil Ifrom around the stump of the plant to a depth of 4 inches. If the grub is present, one will see irregular surface channels cut into the wood and among the debris filling these channels a grub may be found. Usually there is only 1 grub to a bush, and it is capable of killing a bush up to 6 years of age. Sometimes 2 or 3 grubs are found. Older bushes are checked in their growth but seem to be able to survive.
Austin C. Goheen gave a paper on the occurrence of blueberry stem- canker in New Jersey. This fungous disease is very de- structive to blueberries in North Carolina where some varieties are rendered unproductive in a few seasons. At present, there is no known control of the disease other than the development of resistant
varieties. Through the cooperative efforts of the New Jersey State Department of Agriculture, the United States Department of Agri- culture Blueberry Farmers' As- sociation, and the New Jersey Agriculture Experiment Station, a survey was made in 1951 to de- termine the extent of stem canker in New Jersey. As a result of this survey, it now appears that there are only a small number of in- fected plants in New Jersey as a whole and that only in two fields is the infection serious. It was ap- parently transported from North Carolina as planting stock. New Jersey conditions are apparently not especially favorable for the development and spread of the dis- ease.
William Boyd of the N. J. State Department of Agriculture pre- sented the record of the inspection and certification service given by the State to blueberry nurserymen. Of the 391 acres inspected in 1951, 362 acres were eligible for state certification. Of the 29 acres re- jected, 9 were rejected because of excess stunt disease, 12 because the growers were too busy with harvest to renrove the' diseased bushes as required by law, and
8 were rejected because they were too overgrown with weeds to in- spect. This is the 7th year that the State of New Jersey has pro- vided this inspection service. In that period of time, the amount of disease in all fields eligible for certification has been reduced to one-seventh of the figure in the first year of inspection.
Charles Doehlert reported on the effectivness of roguing as a method of controlling the spread of blue- berry stunt disease. Beginning 9 years ago with an 8 acre field in which the infection was 1 per- cent this field has been inspected each June and September and dis- eased plants have been grubbed out. For the past four years, the number of plants found with stunt disease has averaged one- twentieth of one percent. The work involved in a single inspection amounts to about 4 man hours per acre.
Home freezer odors can be dis- pelled by wshing the freezer with soda water, using 1 teaspoon bak- ing soda to each quart of warm watei'. If the odor persists, try vinegar, using about 1 cup to a gallon of water. — University of Massachusetts.
"PEACEDALE" on the EDAVILLE RAILROAD at i
SOUTH CARVER, MASS.
MRS. ELLIS D. ATWOOD
Seventeen
Cranberry Growers' Mutual Hears Report on Harvest, Marketing
The movement to fresh market or to ijrocessors, that is, the "clean-up" of the huge 1951 ei'an- berry crop, was well under way prior to Thanksgiving-, it was brought out at a meeting of Cran- berry Growers' Mutual, Wareham Town Hall, Thursday evening, Nov. 15th. Although this harvest is estimated by the Federal Crop reporting services as 914,000 bar- rels, or only seven ner cent below the all-time" record of 948,000 last year, reports from distributing- agencies showed that practically the only berries left unsold were Late Howes in Massachusetts, there being little or no fruit left in New Jersey, Wisconsin or the West Coast.
This, it was pointed out, was quite in contrast to chaotic condi- tions which have prevailed in the fresh fruit markets the past three years, with price fluctuations and serious breaks in the markets. This Fall stabilization had been achieved with advancing prices, as the season went along, while Nat- ional Cranberry Association had retained its original opening price and reported not only heavy mar-
ket demand, but heavy consumer buying- in processed fruit. Late Massachusetts Howes had ad- vanced to §18.00 a barrel from the opening- figure of $17.60.
Slightly more than 50 were pres- ent at the gathering. President Nahum Morse was chairman, and representatives of American Cran- berry Exchange, National Cran- berry Association, Cape Cod Cran- berry Cooperative, Inc., and an "unofficial" representative of Bea- ton's Distributing Agency, Ware- ham, were speakers.
ACE President Present
Present also was Theodore H. Budd of New Jersey, president of ACE, who mentioned the possibil- ity that Jersey and other states might be interested in having- the scope of the Mutual extended to the other cranberry areas.
Secretary Chester Robbins read reports of activities of the organi- zation since its formation last Win- ter, and Treasurer W. E. C. Warr, Jr., in his financial report, said the association had 123 paid-up mem- bers, with many others who had made an initial payment at the first meeting, or signified intention
of joining through the mail,- by telephone, or otherwise. Dues are $2 a year.
Mr. Morse said he felt the or- ganization had made an excellent start in performing its intended function in keeping growers in- formed of marketing conditions as they were progressing and in help- ing to attain a degree of stabiliza-
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
"A COMMON MEETING GROUND"
Last Spring- about 150 growers met at Wareham in the heart of the Massachusetts Cranberry area. They met to see -what could be done to improve the plight of the Cranberry Grower.
They were long time cranberry growers who were not only gravely concerned by the low returns of the past few years but were determined to "do something about it." As a result THE CRANBERRY GROWERS MUTUAL was formed.
The sole purpose for the existence of the Mutual is to improve the market for the grower and to provide a common and impartial meeting place for all phases of the industry — the growers, the selling agents, and the researchers.
We are convinced that every grower should have and wants a voice in this program. You need the Mutual and the Mutual needs you.
JOIN TODAY
THE CRANBERRY GROWERS MUTUAL
CHESTER ROBBINS, Sec
Box 603, Onset
I wish to help our Cranberry industry. Here's my $2.00 for dues for 1952. Please send me more details.
Eighteen
tion. He thanked all the distrib- uting agencies, cooperative and in- dependent, for their cooperation with the Mutual. "I think we have accomplished our little bit to the wonderful job in creating and keep- ing a stabilized market", he said. Light Berries Condemned
He then pointed out one serious error which had been made this year in the fresh fruit market. This was in sending out an early batch of light-colored fruit, slowing up movement to the trade, as it upset the consuming market, and many wholesale and retail buyers were on the point of declining fur- ther orders. "I am sure this slowed up the market in late September and early October.
"I am going to recommend that in the future growers must hold up and not crowd their distributors with fruit which is not marketable. Light-colored berries must be kept off the market, and it is not fair for the grower to unload these on his distributor. Growers must pro- vide storage facilities themselves, if necessary. It is not fair to the distributors to crowd them. We, as growers, must be certain that the buyer gets a sound, good- colored berry."
Harold E. Bryant, general man- ager of ACE, said he had to ad- mit that his organization was one of those at fault for pushing out light berries early in the season. He said the distributors, and par- ticularly the officers of the co-ops, were actually servants of the that growers do not "crowd" dis- tributors with such fruit.
He said he knew that to hold fruit for better ripening would create real difficulties for the growers, but it seemed to him this must be done more than ever be- fore. The entire marketing situa- tion has changed, he pointed out, with the advent of the consumer package.
Formerly a wholesaler, retailer, or other buyer, in accepting berries in quarter-barrel boxes, could and v/ould buy in advance of demand, and hold. With the cello bag and window box the market can no longer do this. He said the light berries earlier in the Fall had cost the growers a full "round of buy- ing" this year, in his opinion.
He said the trade fully expected prices to "break" this Fall as they had in the past, but they haven't yet. About all that is left to sell now, he said, are the Late Howes of the Massachusetts crop and if the Thanksgiving consumption turned out to have been good he felt the entire fresh crop might be disposed of before Christmas.
He complimented the Mutual up- on its operations in this, its first year.
The light-colored fruit placed up- on the market might not be entire- ly the fault of the growers, M. L.
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Urann said. Growers had picked light, as they usually did, this Fall, and had expected the fruit to color up in the boxes, as it ordi- narily does. For some reason or other it had failed to act this way this Fall.
Orrin G. Colley, president of Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc., with headquarters in Ply-
mouth, declared in 22 years of experience in the fresh fruit mar- ket he had never seen anything like the cooperation among the various organizations which had prevailed this year. He, for him- self, felt the Mutual had assisted greatly in this better relationship between all distributing agencies. He said his co-op was setting high
To You I
CRANBERRY I
GROWERS I
and I
SHIPPERS I
I
We Wish a Cheerful |
HOLIDAY SEASON |
EBEN A. THACHER |
Brewer & Lord I
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. %
fJahcock 6-0830 i
■»s,Wimmri
CRANBERRY BOGS and Property
FOR SALE
Four acres in two pieces, bearing; bog build- ing with storage cellar, tools, crates and screening equipment; a pump and piping for frost and irrigation, and water for flowage of the bogs.
Also wood-lots, uplands and house-lots in this property, on good residential streets in a Massachusetts town not far from Boston.
If interested address "G", c/o
CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE
WAREHAM, MASS.
standards of quality and was put- ting- a good share of its fruit into processing so that only the desired quality fruit would go out fresh.
Ralph Thacher, a representative of the Beaton agency, said he was not present officially as a repre- sentative of that independent agency, but as a member and di- rector of the Mutual. He added his weight to the general impression, however, that early light fruit had hurt the market this Fall. "There is absolutely no substitute for quality", he declared. This light- ness of early fruit had hurt sales perhaps even up to the present time, he thought very likely.
Speaking of light berries early in the season, he now said there are many "over-dark" and soft berries in the market in the so- called consumer package. "This is about as bad as fruit too light; no- body wants black and over-ripe fruit, either", he said.
New Containers Pose New Problem to Industry
It has become apparent within the cranberry industry that it is up against a tough question of balance in quality of fruit in the consumer package and in the defi- nite inclination by distributors and others to buy in smaller quantities and more frequently instead of in laiger sales at longer intervals.
Mr. Urann, speaking for NCA, said the goal of about 500,000 bar- rels put out under the Ocean Spray label would be reached, and that NCA was running ahead of its estimates in sales. He mentioned by-products, and said- the new dietitic sauce was being received better than the highest hopes, and in time this would open up a whole new field of outlets, he felt certain. The sauce added much to the diet of a diabetic, he said, and in fact many of the general public were beginning to ask for this pai'ticular sauce. The cranberry cocktail market is never satisfied, he added, and it is impossible to turn out enough of this, as berries of the right color are hard to obtain.
H. Gordon Mann, NCA general sales manager, said: "With pro- cessed fruit, we do know that cran- berries are moving at consumer level. And they are moving very fast this Fall. Consumer buying of 'Ocean Spray' is the largest and fastest we have ever enjoyed." He attributed this Fall and Winter buying, in part, to the fact there were heavy Spring and Summer sales of cranberry sauce, partic- ularly in combination with chicken or other fowl. He said this ad- vanced sale has proven to have had a definitely favorable effect upon the holiday buying of cranberry sauce.
Question Period
Latter part of the session was devoted to a question and answer period. H. Ernest Crowell of Den-
Twenty
nis said it was his observation that some of the early fruit was too light, whereas he agreed with Mr. 'i'hacher that some of the late fruit in tr.e mprket was "too dark and dismal". Mr. Robbins said it was really the growers' fault if they did not supply their agents with beiries of proper color and qual- ity. He said in his opinion it was very important that a grower stick with the distributing agency he started with all through the season. "It is not fair to them to have us fluctuate around. This is a cause of having them suddenly come u^i against "wild-cat" mar- keting operations.
There was discussion as to ad- visability of holding an open meet- ing in the Fall, either in late Aug- ust, September, or mid-October, so that growers might help their dis- tributors out in sales programs. Taking part in this was Louis Sherman of Plymouth. No decis- ion was reached.
Russell A. Trufant, North Car- ver, raised the question whether "flcats" should be figured in esti- mating;' the production. Mr. Urann said these floats were not figured 'r «pttirg the estimate of his own pro "lerties. Renewing his talk up- on NCA and this year's production, he said that by selling at the Sl.VO a case price it was believed that NCA growers would receive from the '.51 crop sales S12.00 net in their pockets. From this, of course, would be deducted growing, harvesting', and other costs.
E. C. McGrew spoke of the fact there was always a lull in buying between the first and second rounds, but he did urge growers not to crowd their agencies at this time. "Dick" Beattie, State Cranberry
specialist, concluded the meeting with a progress report upon devel- opment of the plan for Federal Bureau of Agricultural Economics to give market reports during the active season.
Tis Ttie A, Seasorb
^.To Be JoUjj**
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
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0r^ |
\ TO OUR MEMBERS and |
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f A 1 Within The Industry |
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THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY 9 Station Street TELEPHONE 200 Middleboro, Mass. |
THANKS, A LOT!
This fall we had a big" job on our hands — the prob- lem of stabilizing the market and restoring the confi- dence of the trade in fresh cranberries.
The market has now been stabilized and our en- tire supply has been held at a price level that will net good returns for growers and dealers alike.
We are grateful for your support. It couldn't have been done by the Exchange alone. It took the cooperative effort of growers, shippers and dealers to get this job done.
We can now face next year with renewed opti- mism in our next major objective to increase the dis- tribution of Eatmor Cranberries
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Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Mass. Water Supplies Low
Water supplies are still low, and as a result many bogs have not been flooded as of January 4. There are bogs, however, that could be flooded, but for some rea- son they are still exposed to the elements. Dr. Franklin and "Joe" Kelley suggest that growers make every eff'ort to flood their bogs and keep them flooded. Just a vvford of caution — where water sup- plies are limited and seepage is a problem, it would be well to watch weather forecasts and add to the flowage just before per- iods of low temperatures and high winds. Winter-killing conditions occurring in mid-December came uncomfortably close to causing real damage to vines and buds not protected at that time.
Cranberry growers attending the Rural Outlook Conference in Amherst heard first-hand accounts of shortages of certain materials and equipment. They included in their report a recommendation that growers estimate their nor- mal requirements and place their oi'ders early. It is good business and a word to the wise should be sufl^icient.
Winter Meetings Planned
The State Cranberry Advisory Committee met at the Cranberry Station December 5, to assist the E.xtension Service in preparing its educational program for 1952. We had an excellent representa- tion from the cranberry clubs, Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, Directors of marketing agencies, County Agents, Univer- sity of Masachusetts and Experi- ment Station personnel. The dis- cussion centered around the prob- lems of securing adequate supplies of seasonal labor, improving the
quality of our pack, and reducing production costs.
The advice and counsel of this committee is greatly appreciated. The following members were pres- ent: Louis E. Billings, Plymouth; Frederick W. Bailey, Island Creek; Gilbert T. Beaton, Wareham; Frank Butler, Wareham; Ralph Thacher, Hyannis; E. L. Barthol- omew, Wareham; Howard Hiller, Rochester; Ferris Waite, Ply- mouth; Homer Gibbs, West Ware- ham; Philip Gibbs, South Carver; Bertram Ryder, Cotuit; Arthur Handy, Cataumet; Nahum Morse, East Freetown; Chester Robbins, Onset; County Agent Leader, H. Sidnoy Vaughn, Amherst; Prof. Earl Cox, Amherst; County Agents "Bert" Tomlinson and Arnold Lane, Barnstable County; Dominic Marini, Plymouth County; Dr. H. J. Franklin, "Joe" Kelley, and the writer.
Crant>erry Exhibit
The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association is sponsoring an- other cranberry exhibit at the Union Agricultural Meetings to bf held in Worcester, January 8, 9, and 10. Arthur Handy of Catau- met is chairman of a special com- mittee in charge of arrangements. The asociation is also patricipat- ing in a Food Editors' Luncheon, sponsored by the Massachusetts Depaitment of Agriculture under the capable supervision of Louis Webster. The major agricultural commodities produced in the Com- monwealth will be brought to the attention of the press and radio people working with foods. Suit- able gifts of our products will be presented to the invited guests. We will hear more of this venture in the next issue of "Cranberries".
Cranberry Meeting
County Agents "Bert" Tomlin- son and Arnold Lane held their Cranberry Advisory Committee Meeting in December, and plans were made for a fine series of Winter club meetings and the con- tinuance of Summer clinics. "Bert" Tomlinson announced that his asociate, Arnold Lane, would be reasonable for the cranberry project in Barnstable County. The tentative dates for the Cape Club meetings are as follows: Upper Cape — February 12, March 11, and April 9; Lower Cape — February 13, March 12, and April 9. These will be supper meetings. The ccmmittee also recommended that the craniberry clinics should be continued, and that provisions be made for holding at least two of these clinics in the early evening during the fruit-worm season. These would be for the benefit of those who cannot attend the day- time sessions.
Assistant County Agent "Dom" Marini called together the Ply- mouth County Cranberry Advisory Committee in early January. "Joe" Brown has delegated the responsibility for the cranberry project in Plymouth County to "Dom" Marini, who replaced Lew Norwood last August.- "Joe" will continue to supervise the work. The tentative dates for the Ply- mouth County Club meetings are as follows: South Shore Cranberry Club — January 22, February 19, and March 18; Southeastern Cran- berry Club — January 23, February 20, March 17. Clinics and twilight meetings will be held at timely in- tervals during the Spring and Summer months.
Vernon Go^dsworthy
('ranlifrry Spei-ialist and Growor
\i. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Tw^
We all wish Arnold Lane and ■'Dom" Marini sucess in their new venture. We are sure that they wil enjoy working with cranberry growers and that the feeling will be mutual. They will have the counsel and advice of two expri- enced and extremely capable Coun- ty Agents, namely "Joe" Brown and "Bert" Tomlinson.
Labor Question
The question of seasonal labor is one of the first topics of dis- cussion when cranberry growers meet. Apparently many other agricultural groups are concerned over the labor problem for 1952.
The Commissioner of Agricul- ture, Henry T. Broderick, called together representatives of the various agricultural commodities, P'arm Bureau and State and Fed- eral Agencies involved to discuss ti.e problem. The cranberry indus- try was represented by E. L. Bartholomew, President of the C.ipe Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation; "Frank" Butler, Chair- man of the Cranberry Labor Com- mittee, and the writei-, Secretary of the Cianberry Labor Commit- tee. We learned that the Massa- chusetts Farm Bureau is sponsor- ing a labor program involving Puerto Ricans for its members, and that the Massachusetts Divi- sion of Employment Security will continue with their imported labor program. Both organizations out- lined their plans for importing Puerto Ricans for its members, and that the Massachusetts Divi- sion of Employment Security will continue with their imported labor program. Both organizations out- lined their plans for importing Puerto Ricans where local labor supplies are inadequate. The Cranberry Labor Committee, which has wide representation, will have the task of considering both propositions and selecting the one best fittted for our requirements. Commissioner Broderick experssed his desire that the two organiza- tions develop a cooperative plan in order to avoid duplication of effort.
Crete is about twice the size of Long Island, New York.
chipper To Dispose of Blueberry Prunings in the Row
by Richard P. Hartman and Harry Moulter
Fred Scammel, prominent blue- berry grower of Toms River, New Jersey, in cooperation with Rich- ard P. Hartman, Agricultural Agent, arranged a demonstration of a new machine which promises to help solve the problem of dis- posing of blueberry prunings with- out having to cary them out of the field. This demonstration was held at Mr. Scammell's field on Decem- ber 29, with an attendance of some 30 blueberry growers.
In addition to reducing the labor ordinarily required for carrying the prunings out of the field and burning them, the successful use of a chipper such as the one demonstrated has the added ad- vantage of returning the blueberry vi'ood to the soil in a form which will decompose easily and improve the organic matter of the soil. The chipper is narrow enough so that it may pass down the blueberry rows. Mr. Scammell's unit is mounted directly on the rear of a Bluebird blueberry tractor.
He backs it down the row so that the prunings are not first packed into the soil by the tractor tires. Two men pick up the brush, which the pruners have taken care to lay down in the row with the buds all pointing one way, and as fast as the men can pick it up it is pulled through the machine and reduced to chips about 2 to 2% inches long. Boughs of maple and oak as great as 3 and 4 inches in diameter went through the ma- chine very nicely. By means of an adjustment the machine can be set to make the chips smaller. It seemed to be true that clumps of tiny twigs were somewhat harder to push through the machine than the stiff, larger branches. It was also felt it would be wise to attach some type of safety guard so that a man could not accidentally get his arm too far into the hopper. Mr. Scammell's unit was driven by the power take-off of the
(Continued on Page 12)
Western Pickers
hcorjiorated 1172 Hemlock Avente
Oc$@s Bay, Oregon
The holiday season is over and, in starting the New Year we wish it to be a pros- perous one for you.
There is one way you can help toward your prosperity, and that is, buy a Western Picker. This is a true state- ment as we know from testi- monials and remarks by present owners. Mr. George Cowen, Spruce St., So. Mid- dleboro, made the remark "I would not sell my West- ern Pickers at any price if I could not replace them."
The Western Picker has come a long way, since it was first introduced in 1947. Today it is the only success- ful mechanical cranberry picker on the market and, as the market for a cran- berry picker is so limited, the Western Picker will be the only one obtainable.
Now is the time to think and act, about your 1952 harvesting problems.
Contact R. J. Hillstrom, Coos Bay, Oregon; Norman Yock, Grayland, Washing- ton ; Jerry Brockman, Ves- pers, Wisconsin ; Nahum Morse, Taunton, Mass., or F. W. Cook, So. Middleboro, Mass.
ThrM
;;,,«>ON.lCRANB«.v^,^,,^^^^>
ISSUE OF JAN.. 1952- VOL. 16. NO. 9
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St.. Waieham. Massachuseits. Subscription, $8.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 2(i, 194:i, at the post-o.Tice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 187S
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H,
MASSACHUSETTS
Severe Mid-December Storms
Winter hit the Southeastern Massachusetts cranberry area with the first recordable fall of snow on the evening- of December 14. Three or four inches fell before it turned to rain, with the result that one inch of snow was recorded at the State Bog the following morn- ing and .72 inch of rain. The 15th was bitterly cold with icy winds. The morning of the 16th brought a low of 12 in the shelter at the Cranberry Station, and the day, even icier winds. The recording on the 17th was 5 above (shelter), while other reliable thermometers in the open ranged from zero to 4-5 above.
The 18th brought rain, turning to icy sleet, which made extremely hazardous driving conditions. That night, with winds which reached 90 miles an hour at the Cape Cod Canal, was marked by an unusual Winter electrical storm. Lightning was extremely vivid and the thun- der so deep it shook buildings. Rainfall in that storm was almost tropical in intensity, totalling 1.5 inches. There was heavy rain and gale winds again the night of De- cember 20.
Some Winterkill Possible
The cold and high winds might have caused some Winterkill on any bogs which were exposed at the time.
Month on the Whole was Mild
December, however, as a whole was milder than normal, and the year ended with a considerable above-normal degree total.
Rainfall for the entire month as recorded at the State Bog, was 4.86 inches, with .72 of snow.
NEW JERSEY
December Warmer — Rainfall Double
The average temperature for the month of December, 1951, at Pemberton, N. J., was 38 degrees or 2.6 degrees above normal. The total rainfall was 5:65 inches, more than twice the normal amount of 2.46 inches. It was slightly warm- er at Chatsworth, where the aver- age temperature was 40.5 degrees. More rain fell at this locality, the total being 6.17 inches. ;
Review of 1951 Weather
The Summer of 1951 was unus- ually dry, there being a deficiency of 9.09 inches of rainfall from June through September. The fact that the average mean tempera- ture during these months was about 2 degrees cooler than usual prevented excessive droughth dam- age to cranberries and blueberries. An unusually rainy Autumn dur- ing which 7.53 inches more than normal rainfall occurred brought the year's total precipitation to 42.65 inches, only .36 below nor- mal. February, May, October, November, and December had more rain than normal, while the other months all had a deficiency. November was the wettest month with 5.99 inches of rain, while September was the driest with only 1.00 inche.
The average mean temperature was 54.1 degree, very close to t^e normal of 54.4 degrees. January, February, October and December weie warmer than normal, while all of the other months were cold- er. The temperature went above 90 degrees on 24 days (9 days in August) in 1951 and went below fieezing on 115 days (25 days in January). January was the cold-
est month, 36.6 degrees average, and July was the warmest, 74.3 derees average.
Cranberry growers in New Jer- sey had to contend with 9 frosty nights in the Spring season from May 3 to June 11, and only 7 in the Fall season from September 28 to October 25. Only about 5 to 7 percent of the berries were dam- aged by frost in the Fall, most of this being the result of tempera- tures which ranged from 17 de- grees to 24 degrees on the nights of October 24 and 25. Spring frosts on May 12, 13, 14 and on June 11 militated very greatly against crop production in N. J.
It was a year devoid of unusual extremes. The highest tempera- ture, 93 degrees, was recorded on 3 days — July 27, August 16 and 17 — and the coldest day of the year was 5 degrees on December 17. The most rain falling on a single day was 2.04 inches on De- cember 21.
Assoc. Research Specialist. Philip E. Marucci,
William Haines Weather Cooperator
William S. Haines became an official Weather Bureau Cooper- ator in 1950 with instruments at his home at Ethelbert Haines and Brother Bogs located at Tran- quillity, which is 6 miles south of Chatsworth. "Bill" has agreed to give us his figures each month so we will include, as we have done above, his average temperature and rainfall in this brief weather summary. We will not include a comparison with "normal", since there have not ben enough records at his location to establish a nor- mal.
^•"f
Ample Winter Floods
Due to recent abundant rains?, there is more than enough water for flooding bogs. During the per- iod of December 11 to 21 the ground remained frozen and there was a total rainfall of 4.68 inches. Heavy run-off sesulted because of frozen ground. Swollen streams caused some dams and gates to wash out. It is noticeable in the sandier parts of bluebery fields that a good many bushes do not have a normal set of fruit buds be- cause of dry weather in June, July, August and September, when there was an accumulated deficiency of 9.09 inches of rainfall. However, ai. present this does not seem to be serious enough to promise any marked effect on next year's crop. C. A. Doehlert
WASHINGTON
Final Crop Estimate
Final 1951 crop figure for Wash- ington has been estimated by D. J. Crowley as 56,300 barrels. This would include all sources, co- operative and the few inde- pendents. (This is 200 less than the January Government figure.) Disposal to NCA cannery was 52,- 000 barrels, about 300 to a cannery at Vancouver and Cranguyma Farms held out about 4,000 barrels for its own processing use.
New Warehouse at Cranguyma
Cranguyma is building a new warehouse and a small processing plant where this unit is to put out juice concentrates and other spe- cialty items. It is expected the building will be completed in a month or so. The processing work will be headed by William Pilz, who received the necessary train- ing at Oregon State College.
Growers Much More Cheerful
Dr. Crowley notes that Wash- ington growers are very much pleased with the crop of '51. Ex- cept for some unfavorable weather during the blossoming season, the lemainder of the year was dry and hot. Berries were not as large as usual. There could probably have been 10,000 more barrels if it was not for the fact that many of the smaller growerse in the Grayland aiea have! been working away from
the bogs during the depression and consequently had to neglect frost, insect and weed control. The bogs of the late Rollo Parrish have been out of production entirely. They are now under control of Miriam Parrish who is expected to either sell or get the bogs back into production.
Colder Winters
With a little snow on the ground, about two inches, during the first of January not much work was being done, but there is lit- tle snow of any duration in the coastal cranberry district and it was expected this would soon van- ish and things get under way. There has been more cold weather in Washington in the past two years than in the last 20 winters.
Expects More Production
Since the years of depressed prices seem to be over, at least for the immediate future, there is expected to be an upturn in pro- duction because of the better feel- ing of the growers. They do not seem to think that there has been over-production in the years just past, but that the trouble has been diff'iculties within the industry it- .';elf. Crowley now expects some increase in Washington crops dur- ing the next three or four years.
Long Beach Cranberry Club
Long Beach Cranberry Growers' Club rnet on December 8 for the annual smorgasbord and election of officers for 1952.
The following were elected: president, W. H. Morton; vice- president, Don Tilden; secretary.
Mrs. D. J. Crowley; treasurer, Mrs. Charles A. Nelson.
In charge of the refreshments was Mrs. Joe Rowe, assisted by Mrs. C. A. Nelson and Mrs. Joe Richardson.
Year-End Estimate Of the Total Crop Is Third Largest
U. S. Crop Reporting Service in the January report set total cran- berry production as 932,500 bar- rels. This was the third largest on record. Two previous higher were the record 984,300 crop of last year and the 840,400 one of 1949. The total ten-year average (1940- 1949) is 728,200.
Massachusetts is estimated at 590,000, below last year but above the average. New Jersey's crop was estimated at 76,000, below last year, but very slightly above the average. Wisconsin production of 190,000 was below last year but again still above average.
Production of Washington 56,- 500, was both above last year and above average. Oregon, 20,000, well above last year and above average.
Labor Department figures for several months of last year (1951) put the average hourly earnings for the entire bituminous mining force of 400,000 men at close to §2.25 an hour — five cents an hour higher than for the highly paid construction industry, and about 40 percent higher than the average for workers in all manufacturing industries.
Comfort costs so little with
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Mass. Cranberry Man Sees Good Example in Florida Orange Mutual
R C Everson, Interested in Cranberries for More Than 50 Years, Operates Small Citrus Grove in South Each Win- ter—Has Been With United Cape Cod Cranberry Com- pany Since 1910.
By CLARENCE J. HALL It could be that, as you read this, cranberries are being grown upon a Florida porch. K so, the operations would be centered around K. C. Everson of Manomet (Plymouth) Massachusetts, who has been busy with cranberries, most of the time, for 60 years or so. The growing would be only "cranberry talk", with some of Mr. Everson's fellow Massachusetts growers, but it would be animated, even though the aroma of his orange groves would be pleasant in their nostrils.
Born in Hanson May 6, 1878, the son of Richard Everson, cranberry grower, Mr. Everson has been around cranberry bogs since he was ten or so; since 1908 he has been with United Cape Cod Cranberry Company and Marcus L. Urann, and has for some years supervised more than 350 acres of UCCCCO bog. He's not tired of cranberries yet, and only spends from December to the end of March with his Florida oranges. He says it is better to be a cranberry man than a Florida orange man, as a life profession — at least to his liking. His father had built a 15 acre berries from the Makepeace Wan-
bog at Hanson in 1896 and in 1897 invented a cranberry scoop, which Mr. Everson says was the parent of all scoops of the Massachusetts type. He obtained a patent on it — a twelve-toothed affair made of maple — and let the patent lapse in 1907., after which others turned to scoop manufacture.
Was a Picker at 10 Years Old Mr. Everson gained his first cranberry experience when about 10 or 12, handpicking for E. A. Gorham of Bryantville. Of course in those days "everybody" often turned in a hand in the harvest, men, women and children raking the fruit off with their hands. A few years after this he worked for his father. By 1904-05 he had a bog of his own, one of four acres. He attended p-rade schools in Han- son and then Whitman High school. He lived in Hanson until 1917 when the Everson property was taken as part of the site of the Plymouth County Hospital.
In Business as Teamer Before he was 21 he was in bus- iness for himself — teaming — and cranberries constituted a large pai't of the "freight" he carried each year. He hauled the fruit with a 16 ft. -long wagon which held 96-lb. barrels, driving four horses. He teamed far and wide. He hauled
kinco bog in Carver to Parker Mills at Wareham. For Mr. Gor- ham, Perley Reid and Hobart and Fernald of Pembroke, among oth- ers.
"Then (in 1908) along came Mr. Uranr into the cranberry business and I went with him and have been with him ever since", Mr. Everson declares. He worked for the United Cape Cod Cranberry Com- i.any in building the Mayflower Grove bog at Kingston, a property of 200 acres. This was the first unit of the Company. He helped in the building of bog in Pembroke, Carver, and in Manomet. He as- sisted in the building of the brick screen-house at Hanson, and var- ious additions. He worked on present NCA plants at Hanson and Onset, the Sandwich Freezer and the Barnstable freezer.
From his home on Cape Cod ave- r,ue at Manomet he now has entire supervision of the bog at May- flower Grove, the big bog at Man- omet, 135 acres; one at Island Creek, Kingston, 25 acres; and one at Marstons Mills on the Cape, 8 acres. He generally has a crew of about 20 under his direction. Interested in Scientific Improvement He is much interested in assist- ing in scientific experiments and
i
there is a test plot at the Manomet bog where Dr. F. B. Chandler has set out all the types of the new hybrids. It was at this bog, writh Mr. Everson's assistance, that Dr. C. E. Cross began a number of his early kerosene weed control experi- ments and for many years he has kept weather records for Dr. H. J. Franklin, jotting down low and high temperatures, dewpoints, etc.
Mr. Everson is much in favor of the idea of getting a better berry, which will be a better producer and a better keeper. For the pres- ent his favorite of the standard varieties is the Early Black. "The Early Black vines produce well, year in and year out, and you can get them picked early and out of the way early. I like them."
He has done a tremendous lot of frost flowing and every other kind of bog work in his many years. Lately he has given up a little of his frosting to assistants. There is good water at all the bogs he supervises. Manomet has about 100 acres of reservoir and grav- ity flow; Island Creek has a gas pump, Kingston has gravity, and Marstons Mills a pump. Irish Bog Builders Great Workers
When the earlier bogs were built, conditions, naturally, were much different than today, he recalls. Native Cape Codders were the first bog builders, and then these were supplemented by Irishmen, before Finnish and Cape Verdean workers came in. He recalls that a great deal of the bog labor from about 1890 until 1910 all through south- ern Plymouth County were men who had immigrated from Ireland, or their parents had.
"They were tremendous work- ers", he said. "They worked like 'the devil' for a dollar and a quar- », ter a day. They were mostly sin--B gle men, and practically all of them came from or around Boston. They would make a good two or three weeks' pay and then go up to Bos- ton. Every single time they would come back broke."
These men and the native work- ers lived in bog shacks. During the Summer, particularly at pick- ing time, whole families came up from the Cape and stayed,
S'S
Is Another who Liked the Puerto Ricans
Speaking of labor, Mr. Everson says he found the Puerto Ricans who worked in Massachusetts this past season excellent workmen. "They were young, willing and in- telligent." He should know, as he handled about 50, 30 for National, to go out to various members, and 20 for the United Company. He feels the bringing in of labor is vastly important and that labor will become an increasing problem for cranberry growers. When the Jamaicans were in Massachusetts several years ago, Mr. Everson was one who assisted in their sup- ervision at the Plymouth camp. He found these men valuable, too, but there were none better than those from the American island of Puerto Rico.
Mr. Everson has seen the entire evolution of harvesting, from hand picking to snaps and scooping with the scoop invented by his father, to machine harvesting, including
vacuum pickers and the Western. He has tried out the vacuum ma- chines, which he does not think practical, to the Westerns, which he does consider good, although "there is room for improvement." He has seen cranberry work pro- gress from days of horses to its present mechanism. He himself owned one of the first cars in Han- son. This was a Jackson, right- hand drive, with steps up the back and "all covered with brass." He bought this in 1910. His father was one of the Stanley Steamer pioneers.
Complete "Canning" Man He is a thorough believer in co- operation. He is a stockholder in United Cape Cod and in National Cranberry Association. He is a member of the new Cranberry Growers' Mutual and of the Flor- ida Citrus Mutual. He was work- ing with Mr. Urann when he be- gan canning in about 1910, first as Ocean Spray Preserving Company, privately owned by United, and
then through the cooperative Cran- berry Canners.
He is a complete "canning" man. That is, he thoroughly believes the day will inevitably come when all cranbenies will be sold in cans. "This won't be tomorrow, but it won't be too many years, either", he avers. "More and more women are making meals out of cans. You just can't stop this trend. That's all there is to it."
He admits he likes home-cooked cranberry sauce, the way his wife makes it, better than processed, just as he prefers a fresh orange to the frozen juice. But every- thing is coming in cans these days, and he feels that it is the way it will continue, and increase.
He is all for one over-all coop- erative. How this may come about he is not pi'epared to say, but he considers it vitally necessary. "And all members should be 100 per cent members. It's not good sense otherwise." He has been getting some ideas of cooperation from his
Mr. and Mrs. Everson have recently observed their 50th wedding anniversary.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
SevfD
Florida orange growing and par- ticularly in the past three that the Florida Mutual has been in oper- ation.
He has been going to Florida practically every Winter for the past 25 years, and his father con- ceived the idea before him.
On December 15th last, he and Mrs. Everson started out over the road for Tangerine, which is in the central part of Florida and right in the orange belt. It so happened they left with the first snowfall in Southeastern Massachusetts. A few days before, Mr. and Mrs. Everson had celebrated their Gold- en Wedding anniversary in their comfortable new home on Cape Cod avenue. Mrs. Everson is the former Lena M. Hill of Hanson. They have one daughter, Evelin, Mrs. Robert Sampson, whose hus- band is head electrician at the Ply- mouth Cordage factory. The cou- ple has three children and live next door to the Eversons.
Only Small Orange Grower Mr. Everson doesn't consider himself a real grower of oranges; ho always was, and intends to re- main a "cranberry man." But he does own 10 acres of orange trees, which, he says, is just about the equivalent of owning 10 acres of cranberries. "Decidedly a little fellow." He does, however, make enough — seme years — from his groves to make a substantial addi- tion to his income tax. He pro- duces between 3000 and 4000 box- es. He has 19 grapefruit trees from which he sells the fruit, and one lemon tree.
Of course orange growers are troubled with frosts, although not as often as cranberry growers. But when he gets a freeze at Tan- gerine he "doesn't do a darn thing, just goes to bed — not like cran- berries." He is a member of the Mt. Dora Growers' Cooperative, a large one, which in turn is a mem- ber of the Florida Mutual. The Co-op does all the work for him. It takes care of the grove, picks and sells.
Orange growers were in the same situation as the cranberry growers until the Mutual was formed three years ago. Prices weie up and down, too often down, Mr. Everson
says. The Mutual has only 100 per cent membership. About 92 per cent of the growers and sellers belong to the organization, he says, leaving only a small number "out in the cold." The Mutual puts a "floor" under selling prices and tells the growers when they can ship. It has men in the field all over the country watching the orange market. It is set up as an instrument in which cooperation between all parties can function, and it depends on all citrus inter- ests in Florida working together. Cranberry Men Can Learn From Florida Mutual
Florida citrus growers in 1950 received 139 million dollars for their season's crop. The cran- berry deal id much smaller, but Mr. Everson feels the Mutual appar- ently has established a stable in- dustry. He hopes for a similar stabilization in cranberry growing.
While actually his orange grove proposition is more of a hobby as far as he is concerned, he says growers of citrus fruit are beset with many similar problems. The going price of a grove by acreage has fluctuated, as has cranberry acreage. A grove is now worth from $1,000 to $3,000 an acre, and like a bog, its value depends upon its record of production. A small amount of fruit appear upon a tree the first year or two, but a tree is considered in its prime at fifteen years, which is nearly four times as long as it takes a cran- berry bog to reach maturity. Many much older than that con- tinue to produce profitably.
The growers have trouble with occasional frosts. They have in- fects and have to practice controls two or three times a season. In- sects, as in cranberries, are on the increase. Also an orange grove needs fertilizer twice a year.
He recalls the days when insects were little regarded by cranberry growers. As a matter of fact, he says that when he first started to grow cranberries he hardly knew there was such a thing as an in- sect until one year. He had then observed a beautiful crop coming along and did not visit his bog again for nearly a month. When he saw it the next tinie it w^s
completely brown, "burned up." All prospects had been destroyed by blackheaded fireworm. He im- mediately gave it a does of arse- nate of lead. "We didn't have the knowledge of insecticides in those days that we have today and we really, in general, didn't think too much about the bugs. We had no Dr. Franklin to tell us what to do then."
During his Winter vacations in Florida, Mr. Everson is often vis- ited by other growers from Massa- chusetts, gathering up a little of the southern sunshine. These fre- quently include Arthur Atwood of Middleboro, Harrison Goddard of Plymouth, and Fred Megathalin of Nantucket. He has entertained Marcus Urann and others. They sit on one of the porches (there are four verandas around the ten-room house, so that at least one will al- ways be on the shady side), and with the orange trees growing right up to the house, talk cran- berries, as do cranberry men every- where talk cranberries.
Growing oranges, Mr. Everson says, may be called his hobby, "unless it is growing cranberries." But oranges or no oranges, he, ac- companied by Mrs. Everson, will be turning back north -by April 1st, or maybe a little before. He wants to be back in Massachusetts again and ready for frost and other Spring cranberry work.
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
NORTH CARVER, MASS. CARVER 64-11
CULVERTS
Prefabricated FLUMES
PUMPS
El
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Vol. 16 - No. 9 ISSUE OF JANUARY 1952
" "" ' ' ' ' ■ I II ^^ ■ II — ^^^
IT IS GOOD WE CAN FEEL ENCOUR- AGED, STARTING 1952
AS 1951 began few of us would have be- believed that at the start of 1952 we would be having a cranberry scarcity — that the slogan for this coming season should be: "Grow all the cranberries you can". Apparently there will be a market for them. The industry has done a re- markably fine job in disposing of surpluses and of marketing last year's big production at prices which have kindled confidence in the business once more.
We, that is, the industry as a whole, by good, sound and aggressive merchandis- ing programs has succeeded in building up a substantial market for cranberries, both fresh and processed. If the crop next Fall is to be smaller, as now seems to be indi- cated, every effort should be made to grow as much fruit as is possible, that the mar- ket may not be disappointed. There are ways of increasing production per acre, and, after all, that is the most profitable thing for the grower to do.
We have experts to tell us how to do this. For instance, read some of the sug- gestions of Dr. C. E. Cross in this issue as to the "how." Our researchers in all the areas can tell us a good deal worth know- ing if we heed their advice and add that to practical growers' knowledge. There is little in the cards for 1952, at least so far to indicate that labor costs are going to drop any, and probably will keep on going up. Help will probably be scarcer. We need to utilize as much labor-saving ma- chinery as finances permit.
Getting out of the hole the industry has been in the past three years was not due to any one force within the industry. National Cranberry Association has for some years now put on an intensive mer- chandising program, designed to stimulate use of cranberries the year around, and we believe this is really "snow-balling." Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange is now merchan- dising well, and with increased plans for the coming year. Independents cooperated in a stabilized market. We believe the Cranberry Growers' Mutual in Massachu- setts justified its organization. The Fresh Fruit Institute deserves credit for gaining good publicity within its sphere. The whole industry functioned more as a team.
CRANBERRIES - WARERAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Sabscription $8.00 per year
AdvertiainE rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY • Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
It had to. It was driven by desperation.
As to market outlook, this has been rummed up as: "The demand for farm products, as well as most other goods and services, is expected to continue strong in 1952, as employment and income rise still further. . . . Farm prices will, of course, depend not only upon demand, but pros- pective supolies." This doesn't sound dis- couraging for cranberries.
AS to the world outlook, that is, primarily world pe?ce, we can all read the head- lines for ourselves and discover the views of serious thinkers. And this goes for the donT^stic picture of politics and taxes, too. We hope those who are leading the nation know where they are taking us or. at least, hope to take us to, and that this is no farther ofl!" the path, as foresaw by our Founding Fathers, than at present.
Nin«
PRODUCTION INCREASE IS DESIRABLE IN 1952, DR. CROSS TELLS MUTUAL
Speaking Before Meeting of Cranberry Growers' Mutual On Cape Cod He Explains How
Steps which cranberry growers might take to increase production in 1952 were outlined by Dr. C. E. Cross of the East Wareham Ex- periment Station at the first Win- ter meeting of the Cranberry Growers Mutual at Cotuit on the Cape, December 12. Also speak- ing interestingly was Chester A. Crocker of Barnstable, who had recently been to Barnstaple, Eng- land, as the official representative of his town during the Festival of Great Britain.
Presiding was Charles N. Savary of Cotuit, a director of the Mutual. Both Dr. Cross and State Cran- Berry Specialist "Dick" Seattle commended the Mutual upon its achievements in its first year of activities.
The talk by Dr. Cross follows:
From all the data available, the cranberry market is just as strong as the rising prices indicate. It is probable that at $18-$25 a barrel for berries and .$4 a case for sauce, that 1,000,000 barrels could be sold and consumed from the 1952 crop. This is, indeed, good news for the Cape Cod cranberry growers, who since 1947 have been forced to ne- glect certain chases of bog main- tenance by the lacl^ of income from the heavy crops of this period. To profit from the experiences of these depressing years, it would appear wise at this time to analyze the present happy situation to dis- cover, if possible, what course of action will perpetuate the present outlook.
Smaller Prospects for 1952?
What is the crop prospect for 1952? The situation in Wisconsin is not cleai'. Some reports have in- dicated that bud formation was greatly retarded by the short and cloudy growing season of 1951, which so reduced the size of ber- ries that its crop was markedly less than 200,000 barrels. Other reports indicate a rather heavy set of buds of small size — the size ap- parently related to the abnormal cloudiness and wetness of the
Ten
growing season. On the whole, it does not appear that Wisconsin's production in 1952 will break any records.
Neither does it appear that Mas- sachusetts' production will be as high in 1952 as in the two preced- ing crops.
Sunshine (the chief weather ele- ment in the production of the Cape crop) was 122 hours below normal for 1951 at the end of November. In the months of May, August, September and November (the months in which sunshine exerts its greatest influence on the crop) the sunshine was within a few hours of average. October rain- fall, though only 2.8 inches at the State Bog, was probably more helpful than appears, because it was supplemented by frequent flooding of the bogs for frost pro- tection; and the hours of sunshine were 35 below normal — so drying cut of cranberry vines during Oc- tober harvesting could not probably have done much injury. It now appears probable that the coming Winter will be more mild than nor- mal, a condition that may increase the 1952 crop by preventing injury to the vines from oxygen defic- iency. It looks on this basis, as if the 1952 crop in Massachusetts will be average or slightly better than average and probably of good keeping quality. Supply May Not Equal Demand
With New Jersey and the West Coast not expected to show a great change from recent years, it is difficult to see how the supply of cranberries in 1952 can equal the market demand for them. There will be those who think the time is ripe for a "killing", that is, raise the price to obtain profits denied since 1947. This could not be done without the elimination of large numbers of consumers who have made the cranberry market what it is. Those agents who are now selling the crop, both fresh and processed, are qualified to judge at what price the entire crop
can be sold. Let them do it! And it would seem sensible to suggest that the grower commit himself, now or soon, as to which agent will sell his fruit, and having decided, support that agent with the best quality fruit he can raise, and all he can raise, harvested when ripe, and stored with care. There is very little excuse for the expendi- ture of millions for advertising and publicity if the result is to be squandered in a mad scramble for excess profits. If the growers sup- port a carefully planned marketing program, there is no reason for this favorable marketing situation to change.
Another factor that would con- tribute to the continuation of sta- bility and well being in the cran- berry business would be the in- creased production of quality fruit in 1952. With the return of opti- mism, Massachusetts' growers are once again sanding their bogs. They are planning to do more work on the bogs next Spring and Summer. And the more of this work done before the harvest in 1952, the greater will be the crops of 1953 and 1954, but the smaller will be the crop of 1952. The chief point that should be made is the urgency of maximum production in 1952.
Steps to Take for '52
1. Sanding. By all means, sand the bogs (many of them are in great need of it), but in sanding, remember that the burial of vines will reduce the coming crop. If the sand is thrown hard, it is pos- sible to apply Vs to % of an inch without materially reducing the immediate crop prospect. If this sort of spi'eading is not available, the grower should consider the use of a garden rake or other tool to hook up buried tufts of vines.
The prospect is not good for the development of thick ice this Win- ter. There may be short periods in which the ice may reach a thick- ness of 3 to 5 inches, in which case the prepared grower may be able to cover at least small acreages by wheelbarrow. It provides an excellent opportunity to rake out the stones in gravelly sand, rather than using the slower method of screening. If the sand melts its way through the ice quickly (8 to
S days) there is little danger of the development of oxygen defic- iency injury from the exclusion of sunlight. If, however, cold weath- er and /or the fall of snow tends to prolong the period of darkness beyond 5 days, the grower should seriously consider pulling the water from under the ice. Usually, ice sanding results in a very uni- form layer of sand that sifts down around the vines without burying any uprights. If it can be accom- plished without inducing a defic- iency of oxygen in the water sur- rounding the vines, little or no damage is done to the prospective crop.
2. The Winter Flood— The first two weeks of December were ab- normally mild, a condition that might make the buds susceptible to injury from low temperatures near zero. Apart from this hazard, the Winter flood will be applied largely to prevent the Winter kill- ing of the vines. Usually, sub- Jfreezing temperatures must persist »day and night for 3 successive days to kill cranberry vines. This should be a guide for the time of flooding the bogs. It is generally considered good practice not to flood the bogs deep enough to put i.all vines underwater. If the bog is not level it seems best to leave the highest areas partly exposed in order that the lower areas be 'flooded no deeper than necessary. The heavier crops are usually har- vested from areas covered by a relatively shallow Winter flood.
All bogs whose history shows a tendency to algae or slim growth should be treated with copper sul- ihate (as recommended in the Weed Chart), as soon as ice is thick enough to support a man's weight. Caution should be used near streams or ponds containing fish. If the copper is used prompt- ly along all ditches, there is little likelihood the algae will spread over the bog proper.
The length of time the Winter flood is held can influence both the size and quality of the coming rop. Generally speaking, it ap- pears best to withdraw the fiood just before April 1st, or hold it until about May 25th, avoiding Afithdrawal between these dates. Evidence has been accumulating
/0nir
C & L Cranberry Bog Rake
Primer and Rake mrke ? crm' i "t o ^r.y Ern^or^ ical and Efficient Pruning of Cr..nbcir.. Bo-s. Ftn information consult either
F. P. CRANDON
Acushnet, Mass.
Tel. Rochester 89-.3
H. G. LEONARD
Acushnet, Mass.
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
C. & L. EQUIPiVIENT CO. 191 Leonard St., Acushnet, Mass.
For the first time in cranberry history a POWER PRUN- ING MACHINE that will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY SAVER.
C. & L. Equipment Co.
ACUSHNET, MASS.
F. P. CRANDON 1191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
Elevaa
that favors the pulling of the flood on March 20th rather than April 1st or later: (1) no Winterkilling has been reported after this date;
(2) it lengthens the Spring season, giving more time for raking, sand- ing, and weed-control operations;
(3) it appears to "harden off" the vines by subjecting them to low temperatures, and this in turn re- tards the development of buds so that they are resistant to all but the hardiest frosts.
If, to increase the chances of raising good-quality fruit, the grower decides to hold the Winter flood late, it is better to keep the flood relatively deep in April and May. The deeper the water, the slower it is to get warm, and cold water has a greater capacity for holding oxygen in solution than warm water. The crop is likely to have better keeping quality if the Winter flood is maintained continuously from Winter until late May, than it is if the Winter flood is removed to give the vines a two or three weeks' "breather" in early April.
3. Raking. With the return of prices to a profit-making- level (expected in September, 1952), it becomes increasingly important that growers harvest as high a percentage of the berries they raise as possible. It is reliably esti- mated that 15% of the berries are lost in scooping a crop of 40 bar- rels an acre; 20% are lost on a crop of 60 barrels an acre; 25% on crops of 80 barrels an acre; and up to 30% on crops exceeding 100 barrels an acre. Add these per- centages to the Massachusetts crops actually sold in 1950 and 1951 to see how nearly the State came to producing 750,000 barrels! It is thought that carefully raked bogs, with the runners pruned off, at least where abundant, can be .scooped more easily and with few- er berries lost. If the Bucking- ham-type rake is used for this work, it should be drawn in two diiections fat right angles to one another) through the vines, and the blades kept as sharp as it is possible to keep them.
1. Ditching. After catching up on the sanding of bogs, grow- ers will, likely, try to clean their bog ditches. It is many years
since many were cleaned, and if the drainage of a bog is increased by cleaning more than 3 inches, care should be taken to wet the bog during Summer dry spells that last more than 7 days. Dry weather, combined with a lowering of the water table of 2 inches, often causes the berries to be very small, and may even injure or kill the vines. Funds available for ditch- cleaning in 1952 should be spent in providing better drainage for low spots, and for the chemical spray- ing of the shore ditches and lat- erals in the higher parts of bogs.
5. Weed Control. In the Spring of 1952, growers should try to complete the spraying of kerosene and Stoddard for weed control by May 10th or 12th. If this can be done, little or no harm should be done the prospective crop.
e. Fertilizers. There is a pre- vailing impression among cran- berry growers, and among staff members at the Station, that be- cause the bogs have been at least partially neglected the last few years they will respond with vigor to applications of fertilizer next June after the last frost flooding. It is thought that the 1952 crop could be increased by applying fertilizer wherever the vines are thin or' the uprights short and small. It is the speaker's opinion that fertilizer should be applied wherever needed, regardless of the weed growth — there can be no sat- isfactory crop of berries nor any permanent weed control until a vigorous vine-growth has been established.
7. Insect Control. Too many crops are still being lost or re- duced because of insects. Satis- factory methods are now known for controlling nearly all cranberry insect pests, but heavy losses still occur because insects are not dis- covered until after they have done much damage, or until it is too late to treat them with best results. The weevil (snout beetle), green span-worm, and blunt-nosed leaf- hopper have been on the increase in the last few years, and should be looked for with an insect net on warm and sunny days a few days prior to the time recommended for treatment on the Insect Chart. Generally speaking, growers are
apt to apply the first fruit worm treatment too late. If the worms eat one or two berries before they are sprayed with insecticide, they are much harder to kill; in fact, require more expensive insecticides for their control! In times of poor cranberry prices it is often best to delay some insect control measure to gain the time needed to make a blanket treatment for two or more pests, thus stretching the funds to obtain a fair control of all of them. In the better times expected ahead, it will be necessary to treat each serious infestation as it develops at the right time and with the best insecticide. Because of the appar- ent urgency of raising a crop in 1952, the speaker thinks it would be better to treat root grubs with cyanide and defer to 1953 or 1954 the Summer-flooding of bogs for grub control.
8. Harvesting. Massachusetts growers should consider well their two chief advantages in the nat- ional cranberry market — the bright (even dark) red color of their ber- ries, and the superior keeping qual- ity of their fruit. The early bar
vesting of partly-colored berries does not encourage a consumer to look for Cape Cod berries if half- ripe berries are the ones she gets. The canneries can make good cran- berry sauce of partly-ripe berries only after these have been given prolonged storage. Though Early Blacks keep longer and better if picked before they are fully ripe, Howes do much better if picked when ripe. In 1952 let us plan to supply our fine market with fine fruit. Cape Cod cranberries can be the best cranberries; you grow- ers know how to raise them, will you?
BLUEBERRY CHIPPER
(Continued from page 3 )
tractor motor when the load on the chipper is increased. The items of transmission of power, governor, etc., are in addition to the cost of the chipper, which is about $650. Mr. Scammell feels that he will save enough in his ordinary expense bill for the re moval and burning of brush to more that pay in the long run for, the cost and operation of the chip per.
Some growers quite naturally oruiered if a pick-up arrange- jiunt f uuld be developed so that L would be unnecesary for men to pick up the prunings and put thcni into the machine. This, of course, would v«ry likely introduce much more soil and gravel and might make it necessary to build a heavier, more rugged, and dif- ferent type of chipper as has been done for apple prunings. Only the future will tell if such a thing can be practical. The cutting knives used in the present machine are removable. Moreover, they are so ilaced that they may be sharpened ight in position without having o go through the process of re- noval.
Cranberry Festival ^hoto Awards Are Announced
One hundred and thirty dollars m cash awards were mailed to the ucky winners in the Cranberry i'estival Amatuer Photo Contest nth major prizes going to Mrs. Sdith Foster of Plymouth, Emily M. Childs of Plymouth and Dr. F. 3. Chandler of East Wareham. National Cranberry Association irovided the awards and the 3roekton photographer, Henry Oickson, Plymouth photographer, nd Betty Buchan, publicity editor f the cranberry growers coopera- ive.
The complete list of prize win- ers follows: Class 1 — Harvest Icenes and Bogscapes: 1st pi'ize, 3dith Foster, Plymouth; 2nd rize, Walter Childs, Plymouth; I'd prize, Marion M. Babcock, Mil- an; honorable mentions, Gustav A. Cnudson, Staten Island, N. Y.; Irs. M. K. Hearn, Wareham; Mary I. Townsend, Brockton.
Class 2 — Cranberry Queen: 1st rize, Emily M. Childs, Plymouth; nd prize, Aileen G. Bondar, Mal- en; 3rd prize, George Packard, rockton; honorable mentions, [arion M. Babcock, Milton; Mrs. dith Foster, Plymouth.
Class 3— Festival Time: 1st rize, F. B. Chandler, East Ware- if am; 2nd prize, G. L. Neal, Hol-
ook; 3rd prize, Mrs. Margaret
K. Hearn, Wareham; honorable mentions, Esther Polansky, Rox- buiy; Herheit A. .Sweet, Stoneham; Walter Childs, Plymouth; Bruce Buncombe, Brockton; Mrs. Thomas F. Carroll, Cranston, R. I.
This is the second year that the photo contest has been sponsored by National Cranberry Association
at Festival Time and the response has ben so enthusiastic that it is expected to iipciui,,- a regTiiaT fes- tival event. Photos could be en- tered in any one of three classes, and the prizes in each class were first prize, $25; second prize, $10, and third prize, |5. Honorable mentions were $1.
\\mkii\uuL
CHANBERRIES
fOft THOSE WIIH fiOIH MfMOflY AND fOftKIGHIl
INDIAN TRAIL has now demonstrated its abil- ity to obtain the top F. O. B. market prices both in years of rising prices and in years of declining prices. This performance is combined with minimum fees consistent with aggressive merchandising and efficient grower service. It is good business to be in INDIAN TRAIL.
Craiikrry Sroiers, Inc.
WISCONSIN
Mead-Witter WISCONSIN RAPIDS
NOW IS THE TIME
To Try Some Constructive Thinking And Planning Far The Coming Season
What to budget for weed control, insect control, sanding, and other bog "musts". It is an excellent time to review those seldom-checked insurance policies. Are they up-to-date, are they adequate, are they written at the lowest possible cost?
Call on us for experienced assistance in making this review.
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
TUr*.
Mrs. Eleanor Beaumont
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
NEW CLERK ASSUMES DUTY AT MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRY STATION
Replacing Mrs. Edmund (Lauk- ka) Tamagini, who was the first junior clerk at the Massachusetts Experiment Station, East Ware- ham is Mrs. Eleanor Beaumont of Buzzards Bay, Mass. Mrs. Tamagini, who would have com- pleted five years in February, re- signed to accept a position as pri- vate secretary in a Wareham bank.
Mrs. Beaumont is a native of Iowa, having been born at Ames Isle, where she attended school. For a time she was in California
Fourtem , .. . ,
and then spent six years in Chicago, where she was employed in the offices of the American Steel Foundation, Nash Motors and for a plastic surgeon. Her husband is employed at a Wareham store. Mrs. Beaumont began her new work December 17.
Things have surely come to a pretty pass. In these modern times a farmer goes to bed and turns oflf the electric lights in his home and turns them on in the hen house.
'Dan" Rezin is New Presiident For Wisconsin Sales
Dan Rezin of Warrens has suc- ceeded Miss Jean Nash as presi- dent of the Wisconsin Cranberrj Sales Company. Craig Scott, alsc of Warrens, was elected vice presi- " dent succeeding Newell Jaspersor of Cranmoor at the annual meet- ing of the unit at Wisconsin Rap' ids, Wisconsin, December 13. C. D Hammond, Jr., was re-elected sec- retary and treasurer and con- tinues as general manager.
New directors of the Companj are H. E. Olson, Mather; R. C Treat, Tomah; William Harkner Millstrom; Vernon Goldsworthy Sturgeon Bay. Rezin and Scot are also on the Board and Ralpl Sampson, Wisconsin Rapids, ii carry-over member.
Harold DeLong, Mather am Tony Jonjak Hayward wen elected delegates to the America) Cranberry Exchange and Lloyi Rezin of Cranmoor re-elected as ; director of National Cranberr Association.
The meeting was attended b 70 grower members and thai wives, and there was the annus banquet and entertainment attenc ed by about 100 persons.
Harold E. Bryant, ACE geners manager, in cora'menting on th fact that returns to the grower were better in 1951 than in th past several years, said if th present trend towards stabilizatio is maintained, prospects for 195 are favorable.
Lester Haines, Chicago managt for the ACE mid-west sales als discussed the marketing situatioi
Miss Nash, as a tribune to he service as president, was prt sented with a travelling bag.
ill
I
CORPORATION FORMED
TO COMMERCIALIZE
WISCONSIN PEAT
Recent investigation of the soi! in Oneida and Vilas counties, e: pecially around Thunder Lake i Northern Wisconsin is expecte to develop into a peat busines In order to harvest the peat corporation, the Three Lakes Pel
Id
'roducts Company, tias been oimed by Vernon Gokisworthy, "red SadoTvske of Three Lakes and lyde Paust of Milwaukee with an nvestment, it is said, of S50,000.
Upon completion of a building or processing, packing and ship- ing, the new company will employ 1) ut 15 people for six to nine lonths of the year. Operations re expected to begin this Winter.
The corporation, accoi-ding to Iiildsworthy will utilize the peat ejiosits, believed to be 15 feet et'P in the vast Thunder Lake lai sh area, part of which is now 1 iianberries and also other de- .isits.
Operations will consist of ex- L\ating the peat, drying it and riming it through a shredder. It
ill then be packaged in amounts f from one to 50 pounds, and line shipped in bulk by rail to lilwaukee, Minneapolis, Chicago lid St. Louis. Goldsworthy says U'le is a strong demand for peat inducts for mulching by garden-
s, wholesale florists and green- nuses. The company, with its tice at Three Lakes will hire a 'search chemist to seek new tilization of peat.
^ICA, Makepeace, ^nd Bank Are Sued y Mass. Canner
Tape Cod Food Products, Inc., ;,' Hyannis, Mass., filed a civil suit ji Federal Court at Boston, j'ecember 28, against the National jiranberry Association, the A. D. t akepeace Company of Wareham, (; ass., the United Cape Cod Cran- I'rry Company of Hanson, the Hy- jiinis Trust Company of Hyannis I id three individuals, alleging jiolation of the Sherman Anti- 1 rust Act.
I It was alleged that the defend- ints collec'dvely collaborated to urce the plaintiff out of business, Hereby monopolizing the cran- I'rry market.
i The individuals named are Mar- is L. Urann, the president of CA, John C. Makepeace of Ware- im, treasurer of the cooperative id Walter B. Chase of Hyannis, esident of the Hyannis Trust.
The allegation said that up to 1946 the Cape Cod Food Products had been mainly concerned in manufacturing and selling marma- lades, sauces and jellies, but in 1946 entered the cranberry busi- ness. In that year the plaintiff alleges NCA and the other defend- ants embarked on an illegal scheme to monopolize the cranberry in- dustry and to dispose of the plain- tiff as a competitor.
Cape Cod Food Products charges that NCA flooded the m'arket with its products, offering dealers and wholesalers large rebates and dis- counts that the plaintiff was un- able to offer.
Mr. Urann in a statement to CRANBERRIES denied the allega- tions "in total."
GOLDSWORTHY HOPES
FOR WISCONSIN LOW
BUSH BLUEBERRY
Development of a commercial low-bush wild blueberry for Northern Wisconsin may be in the
wind for Vernon Goldsworthy and several other cranberry growers of the Three Lakes district of that state. Goldsworthy has selected 100 wild plants the past year, se- lections being made with regard to the size and color of the fruit and the character of the plant it- self.
"Early next Spring," Golds- waithy says, "the plants will be dug up, pruned and transplanted under comnwrcial conditions. The work will be done early as the blueberry is one of the first plants to begin to grow in the Spring.
He is under the belief that where frost can be controlled, in- sects eradicated and scientific pruning carried out the growing of the low bush in Wisconsin can be made a profitable, commercial business. He considers the high bush of commerce not hardy enough for Wisconsin conditions, and he feels it does not have the flavor of the low bush.
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IDEAS
(They help in making the world go round)
Please tell us how we can make CRANBERRIES more helpful to you. Give us some ideas, suggestions.
I would suggest:
Name
Address
If you are hesitant about g:iving your name just send alon^ an idea, anyhow, to
cranberrie:
Wareham, Massachusetts
Fifteen
BiilHil
lilH:!mil!HilllH9l
yimiiHuiiHiii
THE YEAR JUST PASSED WAS A BETTER ONE FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS
1952
LOOKS PROMISING YOU SHOULD RECEIVE CRANBERRIES EACH MONTH TO HELP IN YOUR CRANBERRY GROWING
SPECIAL OFFER
Non-Subscribors Only
14 monfhs for the price of 12
$3.00
To CRANBERRIES Magazine,
Wai-eham, Massachusetts
I accept your special offer of a 14 months subscription to CRANBERRIES for only S3.00.
Enter subscription for:
Name
(;ity, town
State
Enclosed is
IIIHIIIiailllHIIlllilllipillipilliPMllMIMBIIIHinipillHIIIIHI
FIFTY YEARS OF RESEARCH Fifty years of research in the irnprovement of fruit, vegetablesJ nuts, and oi'namentals have brought almost unbelievable changes .t(^ these crops.
Dr. J. R. Magness of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agri-j cultural Engineering, U. S. D. A., speaking at the Bureau's Golden Jubilee celebration late last month contrasted production of these crops at the turn of the century with that of the present. ThenJ fruits and vegetables were grown on general farms near the big cenJ ters of population. Farmers had only the crudest methods of con-J trolling diseases and insects. There were severe losses from brown roi of peaches, black rot of grapes San Jose scale, and bitter rot ol apples. For fruit in the Winterj people depended largely on hom'q canned goods or dried fruits fror California. There was little com-l mrecial canning. Only 10 millionl boxes of citrus fruits were pro- duced annually. Now production exceeds 150 million boxes. Very few Winter vegetables were ship- ped from the South. Fresh vege- tables for Winter were forced un- der glass. There was very little refrigeration for storing perish- ables
OUTLOOK FOR U. S. AGRICULTURE IN '52 OUTLINIED BY USDA
As the result of price increases, farm production expenses in the United States for 1951 were esti- mated by the United States De- partment of Agriculture as about 10 percent higher than in 1950. In 1952 a further rise of five per- cent over 1951 is predicted, accord- ing to "Farm Economic Facts,"
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
• INTERNATIONAL Harvester
and CONTINENTAL Red Seal Industrial Engines
• LAWRENCE Propeller Pumps
• DEMING Centrifugal Pumps
Sale and SeAaict
SiziMB
issued by Massachusetts Extension Service.
In g^eneral, supplies of most products used in farm operations are expected to be adequate to meet production needs in the com- ing year. Probably exceptions are fertilizer, farm machinery, gal- vanized metal and aluminum pro- ducts and certain iiesticides. In view of possible shortages of these materials, early ordering is recommended.
A smaller supply of farnv labor and a moderate increase in farm wages are expected in 1952. Be- cause of the losses of farm work- ers to both industry and the armed forces, the supply of year-round workers will continue to be tight and seasonal needs may have to be met by recruitment from outside.
Estimates are that defense in- dustries in the country may absorb about 2% million additional workers by the end of '52. Since employment is now near a mini- mum level, most of the remaining additions to defense industry em- ployment will probably come through shifts from other in- dustries, including agriculture.
Production of farm machinery was generally adequate in '51, but
the rate of production in the last half of the year was considerably less than in the first half and pro- duction in the first quarter of 1952 will be at an even lower rate.
Use of electricity in this coun- try— mainly generated from coal — will double in the next 10 years, according to a Washington offi- cial.
fMdiim^jm.
ELECTRICITY Can Make 1952, a Better Year For You.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
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30C
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LOOKING AHEAD
Through cooperation the Cranberry Market was stabilized this season, enabling your Sales Agents to sell the entire 1951 crop allocated to the Fresh Fruit Market, at advancing prices, before the close of the year.
Additional membership in the Cooperative, with increased tonnage, would result in even better re- turns to all Members.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
>oc
9 Station Street
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THE CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE
TELEPHONE 200 Middleboro, Mas*.
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30C
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Jlaue ^044. a Qaal jjOA. 1952?
The New Year, with all its challeng-e and oppor- tunity, also brings with it the responsibility of select- ing the right goal and charting the shortest route to attainment of that goal.
During the past three years, NCA's goal has been to expand the cranberry market to take care of the large surplus of cranberries that a series of bumper crops had piled up in freezers. 1951 saw the achieve- ment of that goal with a consumer demand that in- creased 78/f in three calendar years.
In 1952, NCA will continue to direct its efforts to expand the year 'round market for cranberries so that bumper crops need never again hold the anxiety for growers experienced in the past.
Help to make your future brighter and more secure by making NCA's goal your goal. When you join the cooperative 100' <^, you benefit by its accom- plishments 100%.
Best Wishes for A Happy and Prosperous New Year
National Cranberry Association
Hanson, Massachusetts
^ (X) 'sa-Qijii 'is^auoiv
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
AUTO
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
EQUIPMENT
CRANBERRY SEP. MFG. CO. Wareham — Mass.
Pumps
Dusters
WiieeSbarrows
Screening Machinery
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rnckland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
• INTERNATIONAL Harvester
and CONTINENTAL Re'l Spnl Indii~(rial Engines
• LAWRENCE
Pif>pp!lir Pumps S> nE:MING
Ccr ( rit'iiffal Pumps
BRICGS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
Expert 'VS'orkmanship Only Genuine Partd used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emergency
Portable and All Applications
Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced
Alan Painten Co.
Estalili.shed 1922 Tel 33( HANOVER, MASS.
ELECTRICAL
FOR SALE
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
JWAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
"CRANBERRIES- ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
FOR SALE
Two small bogs, both sanded this fall. Both with good water supply and good drainage.
Can be purchased separately, if desired. Contact
RALPH THACHER Hyannis, Mass.
FOR SALE
Complete set angle iron plant- ing cleats, belted to oak planks to fit CLETRAC TRACTOR
Plants strips 5 ft. wide.
LAC COURT CREILLES
CRANBERRY ENTERPRISES
Stone Lake
Wisconsin
Major Jersey
Bogs Change Hands
The Whitesville Company, N. J., incorporated by Stanley Switlik, has purchased the cranberry prop- erties of J. D. Holman. There were approximately 800 acres involved in the transaction, including over 400 acres of cranberry bogs. This property is considered the third largest in New Jersey.
Edward V. Lipman has been en- gaged as genei'al manager by the Whitesville Company. The tem- porary address of the corporation will be 8 Edgebrook Road, New Brunswick, N. J., until permanent headquarters are established.
Mr. Switlik is widely known as the leading parachute manufac- turer. He has been interested in cranberries for a number of years, having built and operated bogs near his home at Cream' Ridge, N. J. Mr. Lipman was formerly New Jersey Director of Grower Rela- tions for the National Cranberry Association, Bordentown.
1
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Cranberry growers will be pleased to learn that two mem- bers of our Experiment Station Staff have recently received promo- tions. Dr. Chester Cross is now Associate Professor of Research, and George Rounsville holds the position of Technical Assistant. We wish to congratulate these men on their well-deserved promotions. Oxygen Content Low
The problem of oxygen deficiency in the Winter flood has caused very little concern since 1948. Our Win- ters have been unusually mild re- sulting in very little ice and snow. This season has been no exception, as of February 1, at least. Tem- peratures have been well above normal since December; however, we have experienced another fac- tor which offsets to some degree the matter of temperature. The hours of sunshine for January are definitely below normal, according to Dr. Cross. Here at the State Bog, George Rounsville recorded precipitation as snow, sleet, or rain on twenty of the thirty-one days in January.
Why do we rr.'sntijn the deficit in hours of sunshine with temper- atures averaging above normal ? Simply this, oxygen deficiency con- ditions were experienced at the State Bog, January 15 and 16. George Rounsville has been taking oxygen samples all Winter, and on the above dates the oxygen con- tent in the flood waters under only 2 inches of ice was 3 cc's per liter, which is below the danger point according to Dr. Bergman. A few growers checked theii- bogs dur- ing this period and experienced the same conditions, with the result that the Winter flood was with- drawn from something over 200 acres. The oxygen dificiency was probably not of sufficient length to cause damage to the buds. How-
ever, this experience could be du- plicated in February, should we en- counter cloudy weather and more "snow ice".
Dr. Bergman points out in Bul- letin 402, page 13 that cranberry vines are injured more severely from oxygen deficiency that fol- lows a large crop, rather than a small one. This is because the carbohydrate reserves in the vines are either used up, or greatly re- duced in the production of a large crop, according to Dr. Bergman. Growers Should Check Bogs
Based on our experience in mid- January, we believe growers would do well to check their bogs for oxygen deficiency during periods of prolonged cloudy weather, even though there is only an inch or two of ice.
Green Scum
If tem'peratures continue above normal and we experience more sunshine, green scum could be a real problem. We have already seen a little of it in some ditches. Probably one of the most depend- able guides as to whether a bog needs treatment is to review the history of scum on a bog in ques- tion. Some Bogs for particular reason are troubled by scum near- ly every year, while others, like the State Bog, seldom have to be treated. The copper sulphate treat- ment is very effective. Probably the cheapest method of applica- tion is to take advantage of any ice we may have during February and early March and broadcast fine crystals of copper sulphate on the ice. The recommended am'ount is 10 lbs. per acre. It is often necessary to repeat treatments in the early Spring, using 4 lbs. of coarse crystals for each aci-e-foot of water. The usual technique is to place the coarse crystals in a
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
burlap bag and tow behind a boat, or distribute evenly in the bog flowage some other way. Many growers are using the float boat to tow the crystals over their bogs, and also break up dead scum fol- lowing a reflow of a treated prop- erty. Changing the water in early April and exposing the bog to air for approximately a week helps control scum. We should keep in ( mind that copper sulphate is some- times harmful to fish life. A rea- sonable length of time should elapse before draining off the Win- ter flood into a fish pond or stream after treating for scum.
New Charts Nearly Ready
The annual task of revising the Insect, Disease, and Weed Control Charts is nearly completed, and the new charts will be mailed out by County Agents in March. The experience and observations of the growers who assist with this work are a tremendous help to the Ex- periment Station Staff. Everyone joins in the discussion, and the final control recommendations are based on the collective experience and observations of the group. CCCA Sponsors Another Display
The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association sponsored another fine educational display at the Union Agricultural Meetings held in Worcester early in January. Arthur Handy of Cataumet was appointed chairman of a committee on arangements. He and his com- mittee are to be congratulated for their fine exhibit. A sample of cranberry juice was given to those visiting the booth, and there was also an apportunity to buy cran- berry products. In addition to the cranberry display, the Association
(Continued on Page 3)
Wisconsin 1952 Crop Tentatively Predicted For All-Time High
A record crop was tentatively forecast for the state of Wisconsin before members of Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation, January 16th attending the annual meeting at Elks Club, Wis- consin Rapids. About 50 mem- bers heard Leo A. Sorenson, sec- retary and treasurer and general manager of Midwest Cranberry Co-operative say that an industry committee estimated production might reach 275,000 barrels in '52.
This would be 45,000 barrels more than the previous Wisconsin high of 238,000 in 1948. Estimates are based on heavy bud on the vines as they went into Winter flood, added to new acreage ex- pected to get into full production.
Henry E. Bain, Wisconsin Rap- ids Cranberry Specialist, described elaborate fruitworm experiments on several of the marshes last Summer. Fruitworm is a particu- larly difficult insect for the Wiscon- sin growers to fight, he said, be- cause of its uneven spread over marshes. This uneven infestation means "it is almost impossible to get accurate checks on measures you have taken," Bain added.
He described the life-cycle of the inseat, and suggested spreading insecticide poisons at the stem end of the berry where the worm enters
(Continued from Page 2)
also assisted in sponsoring a lunch- eon for Food Editors and Rep- resentatives of the Press and Radio. The major agricultural qpmmodities in the State were rep- resented at this luncheon. The pur- pose was to acquaint these people with the various agricultural en- terprises of the Commonwealth. The guests were presented suitable gifts, which of course included cranberries. The Cape Cod Cran- bery Growers' Association is in- debted to the various sales agents who donated the cranberries used at both e luncheon and exhibit. E. L. Bartholomew, President of the Association, the growers, and their wives, who assisted with the project, should be com'mened for a job well done.
the fruit. Frequent rains last Summer often washed off poisons that had just been applied and les- sened the killing effect on the in- sects. But where insecticide cov- erage was heaviest, the infestation was lowered.
An early cold snap last Fall, Mr. Bain said, when many marshes had no snow cover may have re- duced the number of fruit worm larvae that will over-Winter.
"The state is proud to have a S4,000,000-a-year cranberry indus- try," E. J. Chambers, State Ento- mologist at Madison told the growers. "What you do in the way of insect and weed control, how- ever, will determine whether your marshes succeed or not this Fall. The cranberry industry needs to have research done on the life- cycles and habitats of insects that affect its crops. Many insecticides are in short supply this Summer and should be ordered promptly. Steel for containers is also diffi- cult to obtain."
Atomic Age Benefits
He continued that the atomic age is bringing new and revolution- ary controls. Geiger counters can now ti'ace the underground move- ments of radio-active worms. Can- adian scientists are developing virus diseases which it is hoped can spread by airplane and there- by kill forest insects.
A suggestion was made by Br. R. H. Roberts, University of Wis- consin, horticulturist, that petro- leum fractions, called solvents be used to combat weed growth. Non- weedy bogs are tremendously more productive than those with weeds, he said. Weed control methods must be varied to kill both late and early starters. Wm. F. Huffman, Jr., President
William F. Huffman, Jr., Wis- consin Rapids, was chosen presi- dent of the association; Ralph Sampson, Wisconsin Rapids, vice- president; C. D. Hammond, Jr., secretary-treasurer.
Following the meeting the mem- bers viewed the film, "The Cran- berry Story."
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avertire
Coos Bay, Oregon
Cranberry Growers, Attention ! !
Have you started thinking about
your 1952 Harvest? If not, v/hy not ?
Get away from labor worries and do your picking, raking and pruning all in one operation by Western Pickers, the only sucessful harvesting machine made, doing three j?bs in one.
Think of it, when you are through picking, you don't have to go back on your bog again un- til the next season. You pick your crop from Vz to Vs cheaper and you save on your raking and pruning from 15 per acre up. A statement was put out by a large cranberry concern "If you pick your berries by machine, you will have to process them."
This is not the truth, if your Western Picker is properly ad- justed and driven at a proper speed, a larger percentage of your berries will go as fresh fruit, than the berries picked by hand scoop- ers.
You don't have to believe us, in making these statements. Go to your State Bogs if you are in Washington on the Pacific Coast or Massachusetts on the Atlantic Coast. They are there to give you an unbiased answer to your ques- tions. They have made tests and comparisons that is their job, you will get the truth, and that is what we want you to have.
To Massacuhsetts Growerys:
Nahum.' Morse will be at the shop in So. Middleboro every Saturday during February for showing and discussing the Western Picker and remember March 1st is the dead- line for getting a Western Picker at the reduced price. (ADVT)
Thr«»
ISSUE OF FEB, )952 — VOL. 16, NO. 10
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription. $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26. 1943, at the post-o ice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Little Ice Sanding Possible
Growers in many instances were hoping for a cold January, that is for sufficient ice, for sanding and by truck preferably. They didn't get it. A few, particularly in the interior got wheelbarrows on the ice for a day or two now and then. Heaps of sand by the bogsides in most instances, still stood ready unspread.
January Mild Month
So mild, taken as a whole, was the month that there was practical- ly no frost in the ground, at least along the coastal bogs. The ground might be frozen for a day or two but not for long. This is most un- usual for Massachusetts.
Coldest recordings for the month at the State Bog were for January 30 and 31, when five above was registered on both days. Tem- perature for the m'onth at Boston on January 31 was a plus 159 de- grees above the normal, or an aver- age af about five degrees a day. More Rain Than Snow
First part of the month was particularly gloomy and overcast with storm following storm, but the storms brought mostly rain rather than snow. Total snowfall for the month (State Bog) was 9.87 inches and rainfall was 5.09. Plan Spring Work
A degree of cautious optimism continues with the growers and they plan a good deal of bog work this coming Spring. On some bogs, which can be reflooded, water will he let off in March and April for early Spring sanding. Growers are getting into the market for bog again and it is understood, generally speaking, practically no
four
really good bog is for sale.
WISCONSIN
Ice Sanding
A very considerable amount of ice sanding is being done this Win- ter. Part of this activity is due to the fact the practice has been neglected to a rather sad extent the past three years.
Expect New Plantings
New plantings are expected in the Spring are indicated, how much as yet not known.
Looks Like Grood '52 Crop
As concerns next year's produc- tion, budding for 1952 looks ex- ceptionally good. Sunlight was on the short side, however, as there was an extremely wet Fall.
Exchange Receives Two Contest Awards
An award of merit for distin- guished service in industrial journalism has been bestowed on Lloyd Williams of the American Cranberry Exchange, editor of its company house organ, "Cranberry World".
The presentation was m'ade by the Massachusetts Industrial Edi- tors' Association at the Hotel Shel- ton Roof Garden in Boston, Jan- uary 10, as the concluding cere- mony of a contest to determine the outstanding industrial house or- gans. Nineteen company maga- zines, lepresenting some of the largest firms in New England won awards, with Cranberry World placing 6th with a numerical rat- ing of 97. Vice-President Homer L. Gibbs represented the American Cranberry Exchange Board of Di-
rectors at the presentation.
Meanwhile, at the annual meet- ing of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives in Chicago, January 14-17, the Exchange was awarded 2nd place in a contest to determine the best product adver- tisement placed by a farmer co- operative in 1951. The advertise- ment, which was prepared by the Batten, Barton, Durstine and Os- born agency, was four-color ad for fresh Eatmor cranberries featuring the 10-minute sauce recipe appear- ing in the November issue of Woman's Day, Family Circle, Everywoman's and American Fam-
iiy.
Bandon Growers Optimistic Over 1952 Prospects
Rosy optimism as to the future of the cranberry industry was ex- pressed at the annual meeting of the Bandon (Oregon) Cranberry Growers' Co-op January 11. The meeting was held at Masonic Hall, following a pot luck supper.
Officers elected were: Floyd Shortridge, president; Frank Zion, vice-president; Elmer C. Gaunt, secretary-treasurer; George V. Cox and Robert Cheatham, mem- ber of the board of directors.
Plans were discussed for im- proving the cannery at Coquille to facilitate the handling of the crop of the area which is increasing. It was reported that approximately 13,000 barrels were processed dur- ing 1951 which just about doubled that in 1950. Estimate for the crop in 1952 is for 20,000 barrels.
Jersey Growers Hold Annual Winter Meeting
By Charles A. Doehlert
The annual Winter meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held at Fenwick Hall, Pemberton, N. J., on January 26. There was an attendance of 82 persons. The new officers elected were President, Archer Codding- ton, Toms River; First Vice- President, Theodore H. Budd, Jr., Pemberton; Second Vice-President, Edward V. Lipman, New Bruns- wick; Seci'etary-Treasurer, Charles A. Doehlert, Pemberton.
President Haines made a strong point of the fact that the "cran- berry depression" had the good re- sult of bringing the cranberry growers together. He further said, "I believe that the next year may tempt many growers to stray from a sound marketing program. How- ever, we should remember our lessons of the past and heed them well."
D. 0. Boster of the N. J. Crop Reporting Service stated that New Jersey's 1951 cranberry crop was 76,000 barrels and the average price to the grower was $12.60 a barrel.
Dr. William H. Martin, Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, sent a paper outlining the new plan of work at the Ci-anberry and Blueberry Research Labora- tory. C. A. Doehlert and P. E. Marucci will remain at the Pem- berton Lab., while M. T. Hutch- inson will spend the Winter at New Brunswick and the Summer at the Laboratory here. Hutchin- son and Marucci have been trans- ferred to the Department of En- tomology under the direction of Dr. Bailey Pepper, while Doehlert will continue in the Department of Horticulture under Dr. N. F. Chil- ders. Up to 1952 all three men were in the Department of Horti- culture. Also, two Extension Spe- cialists, Ernest Christ and Ord- way Starnes, have been assigned to assist with the Extension Work through the County Agents.
Joseph J. Masiello, Treasuj-er of the N. J. Citizens' Tax Study
Foundation, gave a stirring and highly informative talk on the weaknesses and inequalities of our taxing system. He pointed out in many ways how farmers, home owners, and certain other groups have to carry a disproportionate share of the tax load. "The crux of tax revision," Masiello con- cluded, "is that real property — land, buildings, etc. — with an as- sessed value of six billions ac- counts for two-thirds of all State and local taxes, while other types of wealth — stocks, bonds, cash, etc. with an estimated value of twenty billions are largely escaping taxa- tion because of full or partial tax exemption."
Fungicide Report
Austin C. Goheen of the U. S. D. A. reported on his fungicide tests for 1951 as follows: "No fungicide in any schedule, with or without sticker, had any effect upon the amount of blossom blast except sulfur, which definitely caused an increase in this factor. Fermate, Zerlate, Dithane Z-78, Dithane D-14 plus ferric sulfate, and nranganese ethylene bisdithio- carbamate gave very good control of field rots; Orthocide 406 and bordeaux mixture gave good con- trol; and wettable sulfur, Natri- phene, and 2 formulations of Crag gave only slight control. Fermate, Zerlate and bordeaux mixture caused somewhat earlier ripening than occurred in unspraysd berries, while Dithane Z-78 and the 2 Crag fungicides delayed ripening slight- ly. Sulfur and the 2 Crag fungi- cides caused a definite decrease in production, while Zerlate caused
a slight increase in the crop. Ther^ was no significant effect upon berry size by any of the fungicides tested. The addition of sticker to the fun- gicides did not affect the control of rot, or maturity, or size of the berries, but it did cause a slight decrease in the production. The schedule starting at mid-bloom con- trolled field rot slightly better than the schedule starting at dan- gle stage."
Cranberry Scale M. T. Hutchinson of the N. J. Experiment Station reported on his work with the cranberry scale. He stated, "As shown in this year's experiments, the use oof DDT al- lowed a considerable increase of scales in the experimental plots at Medford, where it was used. This was probably due to killing adult parasites as they came into
(Continued on Page 15)
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FRESH CRANBERRY SALES FACING AN ECONOMIC TREND IMPOSSIBLE TO BUCK
That is the Opinion of Kenneth Garside, Massachusetts Grower — He Says Future of Industry lies in Processing and Co-operation — Holds Several Offices, including Secretary-Treasurer of the Council.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
That sales of fresh cranberries are working against an economic trend — almost impossible to "buck" — is the considered opinion of Kenneth Garside, cranberry grower of Duxbury, Massachusetts.
Mr. Garside is secretary-treasurer of the Cranberry Growers' Council, Inc., and a director of the National Cranbei-ry Association, a representative of that processing co-op on the Board of Directors of the American Cranberry Exchange. In August he was elected second vice-president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. He was formerly a director of the New England Cranberry Sales Company.
"There is a trend towards processed foods of all kinds, practically all fruits and vegetables, which all food businesses concerned must recognize," he avers. Generally speaking, most cranberry growers have usually thought that processing was only the "tail of the dog" in the cranberry business. Mr. Garside believes that the situation today is just the other way around. "In 1951 60 percent of our production, that is, the berries sold through the Council, were allotted to processing. There will always be cranberries sold on the fresh market, but by far the greater quantity will go to processing to meet this consumer demand which has been rising for some years now."
Canning More Profitable for bound to die."
Grower Doesn't See Single Co-op Soon
Although convinced in his own Mr. Garside does not see a sin-
mind that processed cranberries will eventually replace the bulk of fresh fruit sales, Mr. Garside says he holds no particular brief for processing, just because it is pro- cessing. He believes, "I really do not care whether cranberries go to the fresh market or into cans. I'm in cranberry growing to make a living and I feel that in most years I can make more money through processing my crop than in having it sold on the fresh mar- ket." As Mr. Garside raises ber- ries of good quality on his bogs at North Duxbury, he should not be prejudiced in this respect.
He is strongly in favor of co- ops, yet he says, "I do not think that there is anything holy about the co-op as such, but a co-opera- tive is about the only way in which a small unit such as a farmer or ci'anberry grower can market suc- cessfully. Alone he cannot baigain on favorable terms with the large chains and groups of super mar- kets which sell the bulk of the food today. I know that a co-op can do a better job for a grower than he can, trying to go it on his own. If through inefficiency or excessive overhead, for instance, the co-ops don't do a better job, they are
gle "over-all" co-op in the cran- berry industry, at least not in the near future. He believes that the present Council provides a pretty good set-up for the time being, anyhow. A principal reason in saying that he does not anticipate a consolidation between NCA, ACE, and others soon is the prob- lem of investment involved in such a union. The present stockholders of NCA naturally would not be willing to relinquish their invest- ments in the canning plants and other assets of NCA without com- pensation, and the amounts in- volved are very substantial.
In the line of production, Mr. Garside is definitely interested in utilizing all modern methods and equipment, all that is worthwhile. This belief may be, in part, due to his college and subsequent work experience as an engineer.
Is Chemical Engineer
He was born in Holyoke, Mass., February 2, 1905, the son of Arn- old L. and Mary G. Garside who were of New Bedford. His father was in the textile mill business, and, when he was about ten, the family moved to Taunton, Mass., where his father was associated with the Whittenton Mfg. Co.
After graduating from Taunton High School, Mr. Garside attended Harvard University, graduating from the Engineering School in 1927, and continuing study at Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a master's de- gree in chemical engineering. Next he went into the employ of the Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp., with headquarters in Pough- keepsie, N. Y. There he held sev- eral different positions of an en- gineering nature over a period of seven years, finally being superin- tendent of gas operations in the company's Kingston (New York) division. However, he says that he didn't see any bright future then for a young man in utilities with F. D. R's Tennessee Valley Pro- jects and such, coming into the picture and anyway decided he wanted to be more on his own. He left the utility in May 1937, to rr-'anage the cranberry property in North Duxbury now owned by Mrs. Kenneth Garside, the former Alice Hawes, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick B. Hawes of New Bedford.
Now Operating 40-50 A.
The property consists of 405 [ acres of which 110 had been in cranberry bearing. Under previous managements it has been known as the South River Bog and as the Consolidated Cape Cod Cranberry Company ("Five C. Company"). The bogs date from 1880 and 1890 and according to local legend were built in large part by the late Horace Magathalin, famous bog builder and cranberry grower and in the earliest days were financed by Snows and Cahoons from the Cape when the operation was a stock company.
Mr. Garside decided to concen- trate on keeping up and improv- ing the best sections of this old cranberry bog, permitting the poor- er sections to run out or be used as reservoirs. There are between 40 and 50 acres in bearing and about 25 acres more needing vari- ous degrees of rebuilding. About 100 acres of reservoir are filled by the South River. All flowage is by gravity, although water from 17 acres is pumped back for re- use. Bogs are set about 20 per-
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Mild on the plants, but tough on diseases, "Fermate" fungicide helps you get better yields of clean fruit from every acre of bog. Du Pont "Fermate" is highly effective against cranberry leaf spot and certain fruit rots that attack the crop. Does not burn young leaves, is safe to use even in hot weather, is compatible with other spray and dust chemicals. Use "Fermate" with "Marlate" for an ideal insect- and disease-control pro- gram.
iSee your dealer for full information and supplies of these Du Pont Chemicals. Ask him also for free booklets on "'Fer- mate" "Marlate," Du Pont Weed Killers and other pest- control products. Or write to Du Pont, Grasselli Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Delaware.
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. . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY
(Continued from Page 6)
cent to Early Blacks and 80 pre- cent to Howes.
Production has been increased from about 1200 barrels in 1937 to about 3000 barrels at present. The Duxbury Cranberry Company, as it is known, is along the northern fringe of the southeastern Massa- chusetts cranberry district, there being only a few other bogs more northerly along the coast. The soil there is semi-hard bottom to some extent which he feels, at least in part, ace aunts for the quality and size of the fruit. There are few insects or diseases present, the bluntnosed leaf hopper which spreads false blossom is being con- stantly kept down. Root grub, which was a problem, has been suc- cessfully met by cyaniding or flow- ing the entire property twice dur- ing the past 14 years. There has been no fireworm and only an average amount of fruitworm. Span worms and false army worms sometimes cause trouble. In bringing the bogs back to good production, Mr. Garside has relied largely on cyanide and flowage for control of grubs, sanding, fertilizer and chenrical weed control.
Frost Losses Rare
This is not a cold spot and it is found that temperatures run about as forecast by Dr. Franklin at the State Bog. Any frost losses have been rare and of no great im- portance except in the serious frost in the Spring of 1944. Sprinklers are used to a minor extent on the high end of one bog which is not level and have given satisfactory protection down to 22 degrees, the lowest temperature reached during their use. They are used success- fully with portable hose for irriga- tion also.
Uses, Likes Western Pickers
Two Western Pickers were en- gaged in the hai-vest this Fall and one in 1949 on an experimental basis. Another has been purchased this Fall, so well is Mr. Garside sold on this mechanical harvester. To the complaint raised by some as to excessive bruising, he believes that bruising is unnecessary, if the machine is properly operated. Much depends on the operator, he says. "In most places the Western
Ei»bt
can do a better job of picking than I can by scooping. I think it im- proves production by removing much unproductive wood." In 1950 using hired m'achines and oper- ators, harvesting costs were less than scooping, amounting to about 90 cents per barrel landed in the screenhouse. This Fall he figures he operated the machines for about 20 cents per barrel to pick, 20 to wheel ashore and 20 to screen the vines and chaff, a total of 60 cents per barrel without depreciation. He feels that these figures can be bettered.
Some years the berries are screened at the bogs and some- times sent to NCA for this pur- pose— which ever fits the needs of NCA. Screening is done in a three-story screenhouse which dates from 1865 — the building does-as it was once an old barn in another location. The old "Five C Company" used it as a cooperage shop and upon the loss of their screenhouse by fire in 1913, "un- pegged" (the wooden pegs hold- ing the structure were taken out) the structure, moved the pieces to the bog location and re-assemled the building using the same pegs. Two Bailey separators with six belts and a crew of six women and three men are used in the packing house in season.
Labor is a big problem with cranberry growers — and becoming a bigger one all the time — one good reason why Mr. Garside is so n:Tich in favor of mechanization and chemical weed control.
Done Much of Own Recent Work
For many years he has em- ployed two or three men year round, six steadily during the growing season, but in the more recent unfavorable years he has done all the work, even to sand- ing, using one and occasionally two assistants. Duxbury being a Sum- mer resort, labor is particularly scarce and wage rates are usually higher than in Carver or Ware- ham. This year he employed three of the Puerto Rican laborers and found them "excellent", the only superiors being possibly the Ger- man POW's used during the last war.
Honest Difference of Opinion
Returning to the matter of con- centrating upon processed cran- berries, instead of fresh fruit by the industry, Mr. Garside believes _ that the unhappy diff'erences be- ■ tween the two major cranberry co- operatives a few years ago arose primarily because of sincere dif- ferences of opinion concerning the trend of demand for cranberries and cranberry products. That was his own position. He follows the NCA belief that the future of the industry lies prim'arily in pro- cessing and in cooperation. "It has been said," he asserts, "that when processing takes up to 50 percent or more of a crop, that that par- ticular industry is in danger. I do not feel that this is true as long as the growers control the market- ing of their product through their own processing cooperative. There must always be strong cooperatives within the cranberry industry." He added that he did not believe that NCA was right in every decision but strongly feels that the pro- cessing cooperative is the salvation of the cranberry growers.
While he may differ with M. L. Urann now and then, Mr. Gar- side is emphatic in the statement that "I think that Mr. Urann has done more for me and for every cranberry grower than any other individual." He feels that Har- old E. Bryant, general manager of ACE, is doing a good job in stabilizing the fresh fruit market and in keeping ACE directors in- formed of marketing conditions. He attested to the abilities of the late A. U. Chaney, and to Chester Chancy and Arthur D. Benson and the loyalty of many growers to them.
Thinks There Will Always be Independents
He does not beli've that all will ever join in a single cooperative, human nature being what it is. Nor does he believe this would be desirable, even. He feels, as do others, that reliable independts are an asset to the exten that they provide stimulation, keep a coop- erative on its feet and from becom- ing complacent.
As a former director of the New England Cranberry Sales Company
(Continued on Page 10)
Vol. 16 - No. 10 ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 1952
/CRANBERRY growers have pulled them-
selves out of the marketing mess they were in by their own "boot straps." Or so it appears. From all the areas we re- ceive reports growers are feeling "rosy" with a successful year under their belts after the past lean ones.
This is fine. Self-confidence or, in this case, renewed self-confidence, is an asset in itself. Likely the industry was too de- featest for its own good, and its discour- agement spread to buyers of cranberries.
The industry won a battle last year, but it hasn't won the war yet. There are diff'icult years ahead. But the best part about this is that growers themselves ap- parently realize it. They are encouraged, but we do not see signs of foolish hilarity — not as yet.
Growers know that we are in a tight war-time economy, even though President Truman doesn't admit we are at war. They know that costs are expected to rise this year. Prices are bound to, if wages go up again. Labor will be scarcer and probably higher-priced. Cranberries may gross more, economists say, but costs of produc- tion will "up", too, so the industry does not expect a high net.
If the crop does turn out to be small, only average, which seems open to some question, the situation will obviously be even more tense, since a cranberry market demand, it is confidently believed, has been re-established . Here is where the grow- ers will need to keep their heads.
It does look as if they intended to. As everybody knows, they are far more inter- ested in marketing than they have been in years. In Massachusetts the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, which has grown in re- spect in this first year of its efforts, has been an unofficial watchdog over market- ing agencies. It has no inherent power except its power to observe the marketing picture, as it progresses, and to make sug- gestions.
Markedly evident now, it seems to us, is an attitude by the growers, as individ- uals, to get along with the other fellow. They seek some sort of cooperation among themselves. There are bound to be con- flicts. Such as the very important matter of crop allocation — not just between the two major co-ops, but an industry-wide allocation, so that the total crop of the country may be disposed of to the best
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor an<l Publiiil r
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barn.- table County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
advantage.
There can be, and are, absolutely hon- est different evaluations of the situation. An article in this month's issue quotes the opinion of one prominent Massachusetts grower, and his belief as to the large ex- tent processing will take over the crop will be disputed by many. There seems little coubt that the demand for prepared or semi-prepared foods is here to stay and will increase. On the other hand, the present improved marketing of fresh fruit in pound packages, attractive on display, should greatly help the fresh fruit demand.
This difference of opinion is healthy, as long as it is not conducted with bitter- ress and is accompanied, as seems appar- ent, by the sincere desire of all growers to work together, cooperative or independ- ent.
Nina
Allocation of Crop Between Fresh and Processed Is Discussed
MR. CARSIDE
(Continued from Page 8)
and as a director of NCA, NCA representative on the ACE board of directors and current director, secretary-treasurer of Cranberry Credit Corporation he has seen much of the "inside" workings of the cooperative field. As a director and secretary-treasurer of the Council he is in an even better position to see all sides of the cran- bery position. The other eleven membei-s of the Council are:
Homer L. Gibbs, West Wareham, Mass.; John C. Makepeace, Ware- ham, Mass.; Daniel C. Rezin, War- rens, Wis.; Clarence A. Searles, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; Theodore H. Budd, Pemberton, New Jersey; J. Rogers Brick, Medford, New Jersey; Elthea E. Atwood, South Carver, Mass.; Marcus L. Urann, Hanson, Mass.; Fred L. Lange, Black River Falls, Wis.; Isaac Har- risonrison, Crosswicks, New Jer- sey; J. Edwin Warness, Grayland, Washington.
Mr. Garside is a member of and the first secretary-treasurer of the South Shore Cranberry Club. He is a member of the Grange. In community affairs he maintains an active interest, being chairman of his local town planning board and having been a member of the school committee for six years, five years as chairman.
Mr. and Mrs. Garside live in their own home in Duxbury village with their youngest daughter, Caroline, aged twelve and a stu- dent in Duxbury Junior High School; Elizabeth, age seventeen, is a senior at the George School, a Friends' school near Philadelphia; Anne, age twenty, attended An- tioch College, is now married and also a student at the University of Chicago.
For non-cranberry interests, Mr. Garside takes satisfaction in an interest in the affairs of his town. He has, also, he says, a "much neglected interest in music, chiefly orchestral and photography."
Singapore, in 1891 a swamp in- habited by a few Malay natives, now is a city of 1,000,000 people.
Plymouth Countv Growers Hear Prospects are Good for 1952, but Costs Will Rise and High Efficiency Will Be Necessary.
"Report of Marketing Condi- tions in '51 and Prospects for '52," was the title of panel discussions held at the first winter meetings of Plymouth County Cranberry clubs at Kingston Grange Hall, the evening of January 22 and at Rochester Grange Hall, January 23, an afternoon meeting. As reports of '51 and prospects for '52 were heard, growers obviously were far more cheerful than a year ago, before the successful marketing of the crop of last Fall.
The attendance also heard a re- port on "Business and Agricultural Outlook for 1952," prepared by George Westcott, Extension Econ- omist, University of Massachu- setts. The report pointed out that farmers (which would include cranberry growers) had held their own in the economy of the country in '51 and would hold their own in '52. However, it was stated the farmer must be even more efficient in use of his labor, his equipment and in marketing. A higher gross return may be expected but ex- penses will also be higher, so little increase in net is expected. Economist Sees Favorable Outlook in '52
About 26 percent of family in- come rather consistenly goes for food, "whether there is boom or depression." We are in a "war- time" economy now and prices al- ways rise in times of war, but so do wage,. Specifically as to the cranberry outlook, it was said, re- turns were higher last year than in several previous, and it was ex- pected this favorable trend would continue in '52, especially so, if the short crop now anticipated by some does materialize. Professor West- cott gave this talk at Kingston. At Rochester it was repeated by Associate County Agent Dominic A. Marini. Mr. Marini replaces "Lew" Norwood who resigned last year and has been assigned by Di- rector J. T. Brown of Plymouth County Extension Service to spe- cialize in cranberries. It was his first appearance before growers of
the county.
President at Kingston was Presi- dent L. F. Billings, with about 45 attending, the meeting being pre- ceded by a supper. President Rus- sel Makepeace was in the chair at Rochester with about 65 being present and this meeting was fol- lowed by a supper.
Panel Discussion Optimism
The panel consisted of Harold E. Bryant, general manager of ACE, Orrin G. Colley, manager. Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Plymouth and Nahum Morse, presi- dent of Cranberry Growers' Mu- tual.
All expressed optimism, although with some remarks of caution. Chief interest as shown in the question and answer period was in future allocation and in trends in packaging, "cellophane bags, vs window boxes."
After discussing marketing of the '51 production and saying that thanks are due the growers foi being willing to hold back fruil when requested, he said he thought the industry could look forward tc a series of "good years." But, h« said the proper balance betweer fresh and processed sales must b< maintained and this can be a deli cate matter. He felt it was aboul right last year and the industrj should be thankful the processors were ready to take more than hall the crop. He said thanks were du« to all marketing agencies for theii good conduct last year, he espe cially praised the Fresh Fruit In stitute for its work and the Mu- tual in keeping "tabs" on the mar- keting situation.
Growers Must Have Confidence In Selves
He urged growers not to lose confidence in themselves — that thi.- is quickly reflected in the market and that last year the market ii October fully expected that cran berry prices would break, "bul they didn't." He said he felt mucl of the past trouble had been inter nal within the industry, and thai if everyone within it adopted aT,
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attitude of " 'live and let live,' and fresh fruit doesn't try to kill off processed and vice versa, we can go down the road ahead together with confidence."
Asked if he thought it advisable for the fresh crop to be disposed of before Thanksgiving, Mr. Bryant said that generally speaking he thought not. It would be better if berries were available through Christmas and until shortly after New Year. Later sales he thought not advisable, as there would be too much shrinkage.
Packaging
As concerns packaging he said ACE sold its crop 65 percent in cellophane bags, 20 percent win- dow box and 5 in wood. The cost of the window boxes was estimated as 50 cents more a barrel, but he said same markets dem'anded their cranberries in the bags and some in the cartons, and ACE tried to meet whichever was desired.
"Spirit of Cooperation Very Marked" — Colley
In marketing last year's crop a spirit of cooperation within the in- dustry was very marked, Mr. Col- ley said, and in this he felt the Mutual had played a tremendously important part, on a very small budget. Crop allocation is most important and it was first thought by the Council that the allocation of its members would be on a 50- 50 basis, but it turned out more went to the processors.
"Good selling of the crop," he said, "mean, a good quality prod- uct, with a package which has eye appeal and therefore buy appeal." He said he expected production costs this year to be the highest ever, and that first a grower must think of achieving a satisfactory net for himself, and take all neces- sary steps to assure this. He told growers, however, not to expect "too mnach."
He strongly urged growei's- to choose their selling agent early and to stick with their choice. In the event of a short crop, there would be cash buyers come into the mar- ket and atempt to tempt growers with a few extra dollars a barrel, but that such buyers could, vdth only a small barrelage, disrupt markets which agencies within the
Eleven
industry had built with care to have confidence in cranberries as a stable product.
In packaging he said the Cape Cod Co-op had sold about 80 per- cent in cellophane, 1% percent in wooden boxes and the rest in win- dow boxes. "We pushed cello be- cause of its lower cost."
The matter of an advantage in window boxes in that these could be placed in freezers by the con- sumer and kept indefinitely was brought up, but it was also pointed out that cello bags have been used for this purpose with equal success.
As the Mutual had been praised by both speakers, Mr. Morse said he felt very "flattered." He told growers they should make up their minds as to allocation themselves, and that last year was the first time growers as a whole had taken such an intense interest in marketing, and this was as it should be, since the berries con- cerned were their own. He said growers should make up their minds early, also and be sure they were satisfied in their own minds.
Both Big Co-ops Should be Maintained
Prices were about right for mar- ket conditions last year, he said, and he would deplore a too high
opening price. The two present principal co-ops should be main- tained at "all costs" as they were important in maintaining the bal- ance between the two kinds of selling, fresh and processed. He praised the efforts of every shipper in Massachusetts to maintain good marketing conditions throughout the selling season. He said it took courage on the part of these agents to pull the industry out of the delicate situation it had been in.
Discussion
The panel discussion in a fast debate brought out a number of pertinent points. Much was said concerning allocation. G. T. Bea- ton of Beaton's Distributing- Agency said he thought allocation should be on a 50-50 basis. Others argued for one more flexible. Mr. Colley said he understood NCA members were expected to net $18 from the '51 crop, and to corres- pond the ACE price would have to have been $24 or $25 a barrel, which would have meant a retail price of .30 cents or more a pound. Mr. Bryant said he was not ready to concede processing could pay a higher price each year over a ten-year period. He said he was confident the industry can sell more
fresh fruit than it has.
What Body Can Allocate?
Talk was turned toward a sug- gestion that the Council might be extended to take in more mem- bers than the coops, but it was brought out it was probably illegal for the Council to take in any ex- cept co-ops. There was then the suggestion allocation might be done through the Mutual, as the Florida Citrus Mutual legally takes in all growers who wish to become m-embers.
In his talk, Mr. Colley brought out the fact that Massachusetts berries of all varieties last Fall seemed not to have taken on colon normally after picking. Dr. Frank- lin said this did seem true, and it; fc might be because of the higher' ( than normal temperatures of thel' Summer which continued late intc the Fall. A certain amount of cold' is necessary for color, he said.
There was continued interest ii one over-all co-op.
A review of the report of th Cranberry Committee at the Out look Conference at Amherst, wa read by Philip Gibbs, who prepare* it, at Kingston and at Rocheste by Mr. Marini, substituting fo Mr. Gibbs.
President Makepeace announce! the theme for the next two meet
a
The Panel — left to right: Nahum Morse, Harold E. Bryant, Orrin G. Colley
Twelve
ngs of each club is to be "How
0 Cut Production Costs." He also |aid he had just returned from a rip to Wisconsin and there the ■rowers were all out and sure they ^ould have a larger crop next ear, at least 250,000 bbls.
«Jew Plymouth lounty Agent Aeets Growers
Newly assigned to cranberry ork in Plymouth County, Massa- lusetts is Dominic A. Marini, re- !ntly named associate county ?ent, attached to Extensian Serv- e headquai'ters at Brockton. Mr. arini succeeds "Lew" Norwood, ho is now engaged in Extension Mvice marketing research. Marini was born in Acton, Mass., otober 5, 1925. He attended hools there, graduating from cton High. He then served 18 onths in the Navy as seaman dur- g the last war stationed in the tlantic area, making two trips to irope.
He entered University of Massa- usetts at Amherst, majoring in ericulture, which is study in arket gardening. After gradu- ion he was employed by the At- ntic Commission Company in 5W Jersey working out of Jersey ty. He was engaged in pre- ckaging am'ong other duties. August first of last year he was 'Pointed to the Extension Service aff.
He lives with his wife at East •idgewater. For hobbies, Mr. arini is fond of classical music id is building up an album of ch records.
I'esh Cranberry listitute Adds wo Members
Two new companies are added
1 the membership of the Fresh ( anberry Institute as this non- lofit, promotional organization (tered its second season.
The addition of Habelman Broth- ti of Tunnel City, Wis., and the < pe Cod Cranberry Company of |ymouth, Mass., brought repre-
Dominic
A. Marini
(Cranberries Photo)
sentation in the Institute :f sales agencies handling fresh cranberries nearly to 90 pei-cent of the in- dustry total.
Russell Makepeace of Wareham, Mass., president of the Institute, announced the acceptance of the new mem'berships at the organiza- tion's first annual meeting, which was held in the oflfice of the A. D. Makepeace Company, Wareham.
Representatives of member agencies attending the meeting heard reports on last season's ac- tivities, and elected nine members to the Institute's board of directors for the 1952 season.
The new board includes Mr. Makepeace and Harold E. Bryant, representing the American Cran- berry Exchange (New Bedford, Mass); M. C. Beaton of the Beaton Distributing Agency (Wareham); George Crowell of the Cape Cod Cranberry Company; Orrin G. Col- ley of the Cape Cod Cranberry
Cooperative (Plymouth, Mass.); William Decas of Decas Brothers (Wareham); Anthony DeMarco (Hammonton, N. J.); Kenneth Habelm'an of Habelman Brothers; and Howard Morse of Morse Broth- ers (Attleboro, Mass.).
Officers re-elected include Mr. Makepeace, president; Mr. Beaton, vice-president, and Theodore H. Budd of Peni'berton, N. J., secre- tary-treasurer.
The new executive committee in- cludes Messrs. Makepeace, Beaton, Colley and Habelman.
PERSONAL
Dr. Chester E. Cross of Massa- chusetts Cranberry Station attend- ed the annual meeting of the Northeastern Weed Control Con- ference at the Hotel New Yorker, New York, January 2-4. This takes in an area from Michigan west to Virginia south. Dr. Cross read a paper on "Cranberry Weed Control."
Thirtam
Webb Arpin
(Oanberries Photo)
FORTY ACRES OF NEW PROPE^.TY !N NEW JERSEY TO BE PLANTED THIS SPRING
This Project, which Also Provides for Blueberry Growing Be<?un' by Arpin, Calls for 80 Acres of Cranberries in All — Arpin Once Famous Name in Wisconsin Industry.
An important new development in the New Jersey industry is the formation of the Arpin Cranberry Company of Chatsworth, and the planting this Spring of 40 acres, with the expectation that 40 more are to be put in. There will alsa
be -30 acres of blueberries, 11 al- ready having been completed.
The Arpin Cranberry Company was organized January 1, 1949 with four partners. The partners are Daniel J. Arpin of Chatsworth, his two sons, Webb L., also of Chats-
worth, and Laurence C. of Berke- ley, California and Bruce Walkup of San Francisco.
The All-pins are originally of Wisconsin, where the father of Mr. Arpin senior, Edmund P. Ar- pin, was one of the pioneer cran- berry growers of that state and president of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company for about 16 years.
The new development is at Shoal Branch, near the Haines cranberry properties. The site was selected by Mr. Arpin, senior, who is in the nursery and the pulpwood business. With some knowledge of cranberries, he visualized the site as perfect New Jersey cranberry land and after advise that it was, the company was organized.
The area was dammed and then flooded for two years, clearing, ditching and the installation of 11 flood gates and diversion of water into the project has been com- pleted.
Set to Early Blacks
Last month Webb Arpin was in Massachusetts buying vines for the planting, the vines purchased being Early Blacks. This variety only will be utilized for the present, at least. The vines will be disced in.
The president of the company is the elder Mr. Arpin, while Webb is secretary, treasurer and general manager, being on the job to do the actual work. Both Webb and Laurence and their father and mother also were born in Wiscon- sin Rapids. Laurence now is en- gaged in the heavy construction business with a side line in cosme- tics in California. Both boys at- tended the University of California, where Laurence majored in busi- ness administration, while Webb studied architecture for three years before serving in the Navy. After discharge he returned to the Uni- versity of California, but later was urged to go to New Jersey by his father. Mr. Walkup is an attorney in San Francisco. Webb is man-ied to the former Esther Bandlin of Wisconsin Rapids.
Before the partnership was formed the National Cranberry As- sociation was requested to investi- gate the 150 acres of property in- volved and give an opinion of it's possibilities. A committee of three,
Fourtcfttl
Isaac Harrison, Joseph Darlington and Edward Lipman investigated thoroughly and pronounced it ex- cellent for raising cranberries and estimated the water supply as suf- ficient for flooding purposes. The bottom is part savannah and part peat. The company owns stock in NCA.
Charles A. Doehlert of the Jer- sey cranberry laboratory has visited the property as have many others. For much practical advise and help Webb feels grateful, he says to "Bill" Haines of the Haines cranberry properties.
It will be Webb who will be the management, and he says, "I started out to be an architect, but I find myself a cranberry grower. However, I guess it is alright."
Jersey Meeting
(Continued from Page 5)
the DDT plots, as 40 percent of scales in adjacent plots were found to be parasitized. At the end of the season large number of scales in the DDT plots were also found to be parasitized, but the para- sites were at a younger stage there, indicating that the parasites had only recently become active. Since the last DDT spray was ap- plied (Aug. 1) it had enough time to weather off and be ineffective in killing the adult parasites.
"The apparent increase of scale in the Fermate plots, as reported to you in August, did not continue through October, so that it is doubtful if Fermate has a real effect upon the scale population.
"We have increasing evidence that dry lime sulfur will not con- trol cranberry scale in New Jer- sey, whether it is grower applied or experimentally applied.
"To summarize our attempts at chemical control: no sprays have so far controlled adult scales; however, the young crawlers have apparently been killed by 2 sprays of either matacide or parathion applied at the beginning of July and the beginning of August.
"Pending further experiments, control of scale by late holding is being recommended for 1952. So far we have observed control by this method on only 1 bog.
Dr. F. B. Chandler of the Mas- sachusetts Experiment Station
\\nJiaH/fruijil
CRANBERRIES
IT'S JUST BUSINESS ARITHMETIC!
A sales agency devoted wholly to Wisconsin cran- berries PLUS proven performance in good and bad years PLUS top market prices MINUS minimum cost to growers PLUS complete and unexcelled grower service EQUALS the sensible answer for Wisconsin cranberry growers — INDIAN TRAIL.
For those with both memory and foresight.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
staff was at the meeting and added to the discussion about the cran- berry scale problem.
The meeting was concluded with a lively panel discussion on the subject: "Will we be able to save our water supply ?" The moderator of the panel was John E. Cutts of Vincetown. Other members were Joseph H. Palmer, Isaiah Haines, Murray F. Buell (Rutgers Univer- sity), Henry C. Barksdale (U. S. Geological Survey), O. W. Hart- well (U. S. Geol. Survey), and George R. Moorhead (N. J. Dept. of Conservation and Econonric De- velopment). Many basic facts con- cerning the hazards and threats to the South Jersey water supply were brought to light.
Mr. Barksdale was asked to de- scribe the plan submitted by Joseph H. Palmer, member of the State Board of Water Policy and Supply, which provides for the pre- servation of the N. J. Pine Area as a future source of pure water safe from contamination. "The basic features," Mr. Barksdale said, "are (1) to use the huge un- derground reservoir by means of planned spacing of wells, (2) con- trol to prevent destructive drilling and pumping, (3) restriction of en- roachment by industry with its
for
Satisfaction
at harvest time
jerthMrs
You can always depend on International Plant Foods for fine quality, efficient drilling and the crop-producing power that gives you extta yields and profit. See us now for prompt delivery of recommended grades of Intcr- -;.;ional Fertilizer.
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORPORATION
p. 0. BOX 230 - WOBURN. MASS.
Fifteen
resulting contamination of water resources, (4) piping the water out of tile area to the points of usage, and (5) royalties for the use of ground water drawn from private lands based on water used and suitable land-use practices. This plan provides for a method of con- trol which would preserve our last large water supply safe from con- tamination and at the same time preserve the land for its best uses, forest, farm', and recreation."
CRANBERRY QUEEN ■ APPEARS OFFICIALLY AT CHARITY BOUTS
Miss Barbara Louise Patterson, of Wareham and Boston, National Cranberry Queen m.'ade an official appearance at New Bedford, Mas- sachusetts, Januai-y 25, where she was introduced at a "Golden Gloves" championship contest. The bouts were for charity.
Miss Patterson was introduced by Lloyd Williams, merchandising manager and editor of "Cranberry World," American Cranberry Ex- change.
Does 1 hour's SNOW SHOVELING -r^.^ in 5 minutes!
# Self-propelk-d, two-wheel posilivt forward drive Jari Rotary Snow Plow clears 16-in swath, whirls snow away by rotary action Kotary rake chews packed snow for easy •■emoval. open front spe cially desiRnod to handle slushy snow Aak for demonstration
TWO ATTACHMENTS AVAILABLE Sickle-l>arattachment. for cuttinK weeds brush, lawns; spraypr ntlachrnonl fo» odd-job spraying
:^lipjji
CO.
im WASHINGTON BTEEET WEST NEWTON 6Si MASS.
While your bogs lie snug under a good Winter flood, take time to go over your insurance.
A good program of sound cover- age is better and cheaper than hit- OT-miss scattered policies.
EBEN A. THACHER
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Croad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
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DEAS
(They help in making the world go round)
Please tell us how we can make CRANBERRIES more helpful to you. Give us some ideas, suggestions.
I would suggest:
Name
Address
i
'iiiinii
If yon are hesitant al?out jriving- your name just send along an idea, anjhow. tr>
CRANBERRIES
Wsreham, Massachusetts
s
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Sixteen
MAN'S FIGHT ON INSECTS
The endless war between man and insects has been dramatized by many writers, and some have gone so far as to predict that insects will be here a long time after man is gone.
Insects have the advantage of numbers, Entomologists estimate that there are more than a million different kinds of insects on the earth, and that the total number would be a figui-e so large that it wouldn't have any meaning.
Insects multiply with incredible speed, and they have the further advantage of being able to adapt themselves to almost any condition. This accounts for the fact that in- sects have been present on this planet much longer than man and have seen many form's of life ap- pear and disappear.
(USDA Report)
Without the use of insecticides many products now enjoyed by the American public would no longer be found in our markets. The fruits and vegetables of high quali- -ty now reaching the consumer are not accidental. They are available by vii'tue of carefully planned and
executed control of insect pests and plant disease through the in- secticides and fungicides. (Ex- cerpts fronT National Agricultural Chemicals Association News.)
NEW JERSEY REPORT
For the fourth straight month rainfall was above normal in Jan- uary with 5.16 inches, and temper- ature was 3.5 degrees above nor- mal.
KEEP UP WITH THE TIMES!!
Make more use of ELECTRICITY in your Home - in your Bog Work
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
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Cranberry Growers Council, Inc. Welcomes Members Through Its Local Units.
A membership in the New England Cranberry Sales Company entitles a grower to membership in the council ,the organization that each year allocates the total crops of its members between the American Cranberry Exchange and the National Cranberry As- sociation.
An additional membership in the cooperatives means more stability to the cranberry market.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
Q.
9 Station Street
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THE CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE
TKLKPHONK 200 Middleboro, Mass.
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TIME FOR DECISION
For the past two years we have been unable to obtain a final decision on the status of the Cranberry Grow- ers' Council and relationship between the Exchange and National until late summer or early fall, just prior to harvesting. This places an impos- sible operating condition on both cooperatives. With the crop now marketed and conditions favorable for next season, there is every reason for an early decision on the relation- ship of the two organizations. The Council contract automatically expires March 1st. We have the time, and we hope the ability, to arrive at the necessary decisions prior to that ex- piration.
^/^i...^^^.^^— ^
American cranberry exchange
(x) -ss-SK ''43JdqaiY
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CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
AUTO
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
— SEPARATOR — Wareham — Mass.
Pumps Sprayers Dusters Wheelbarrows Screening Machinery
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
» INTERNATIONAL Engines
• LAWRENCE Propellor Pumps
• DEMING Cp"trifneal Pumps
• Mcculloch and home- lite Power Saws
• NATIONAL Sickle-Bar Mow-
BRICCS & STRATTON,
CLINTON, WISCONSIN,
LAWSON, and HERCULES
ENGINES
E-xpert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used
Engine Driven Generators
For Emersency
Portable and All Applications
Power Mowers and Tractors Serviced
Alan Painten Co.
Kstablished 1922 lel. 334 HANOVER, MASS.
CHRYSLER
Induslriol Enfinci
"HORSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
general INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Two small bogs, both sanded this fall. Both with good water supply and good drainage.
Can be purchased separately, if desired. Contact
RALPH THACHER Hyannis, Mass.
FOR SALE
Complete set angle iron plant- ing cleats, belted to oak planks to fit CLETRAC TRACTOR
Plants strips 5 ft. wide.
LAC COURT CREILLES
CRANBERRY ENTERPRISES
Stone Lake
Wisconsin
ELECTRICAL
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
MIddleport, New York
FOR RENT
POLLINATION
100 strong double decker col- onies of bees for rent. Orders taken now.
Bee-Wise and get an extra 10 barrels of berries per acre by using strong colonies of bees.
LEWIS KENCES
612 Pond Street
So. Weymouth, Mass.
Tel. Weymouth 9-3811-W
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Frost-warning applications have been mailed out to the growers who have used the telephone sys- tem the last few years. If a grower has not received an appli- cation, but is interested in this service, please notify Mrs. Ruth Beaton, Treasurer of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, Wareham or the writer. There is considerable detail involved in ar- ranging the telephone frost-warn- ing service. In order to insure prompt and efficient service, the applications must be returned immediately.
Control Charts
The 1952 Insect, Disease and Weed Control Charts have been printed, and growers should receive their copies from the County Agents' offices by the middle of March. Extra copies are available at the County Extension Offices or here at the Cranberry Experiment Station.
We suggest that growers review the important Summary of Pest Control Recommendations listed at the top of the chart. Blanket con- trol measures and flooding treat- ments are summarized in this sec- tion. Be sure to review the final paragraph of this summary which explains the use of the insect net. When two or more treatments are listed, they are arranged in order or preference. Timeliness and thoroughness of the application, plus a knowledge of the insects, diseases, or weeds, to be controlled, are the keys to the success of these charts.
The major revisions made in the Insect and Disease Control Chart are outlined as follows:
Th first revision in the body of the chart was made under the heading Weevil. A 10 percent DDT DUST applied at the rate of 50
lbs. per acre was added under late-spring treatments. The new
chart states that states that in- insecticidal treatments for Weevil are more effective when made dur- ing the heat of the day.
The next change was made under the section on Fruit Rots. Instead of the trade-name Fermate, which has appeared on the charts for several years, the material will now be referred to under its chemical name Ferbam.
The section on the Blunt-nosed Leafhoppers was revised slightly. Because of a minor printing error in last year's chart, the timing of insectieidal treaments may have been misleading. The new charts point out that insectieidal treat- ments should be. made the "last week in June on bogs drained of the winter water early in April." If the 24-hour flooding treatment is used, flooding should take place "as soon as the first few blossoms open".
Major Revision
The major revision was made under the F'ruit Worm section. The new insecticide Ryania was re- moved from the charts because of unsatisfactory results last year. However, experiments with this material will be continued but stronger concentrations will be used. Rotenone applied as a spray was given first preference in the new chart, followed by Rotenone Dust, Cryolite Dust, and Cryolite Spray. If Cryolite is to be used as a spray for the first treatm-snt, the amount should be limited to 6 lbs. in 100 gals, of water, applied at the rate of 400 gals, per acre. Some "blasting" of the blossoms may oc- cur if a stronger concentration is used in the first application. For the second treatment, the amount
of Cryolite may be increased to 7 lbs. in 100 gals, of water, applied at the rate of 500 gals, per acre.
The final revision of the Insect J and Disease Control Chart dealt | with the Cranberry Scale. The Dry Lime Sulphur treatment was re- moved from the chart because it seemed to be unreliable. The only treatment which has proved ef- fective is that of holding the win- ter flood until the middle of July. This treatment is similar to the flooding treatments recommended for the control of Root Grub. How- ever, in the case of the Cranberry j Scale, the winter flood is not re- fl moved in early spring but is held through until the middle of July.
Weed Control i
The Cranberry Weed Control ' Chart received its share of atten- tion at the revision meeting. Growers are urged to study the General Notes on Weed Control at the top of the chart. Note No'. 6, Spray pressure was added to the chart. It states that "if the nozzle pressure exceeds 100 lbs., the noz- zle should be held high enough to avoid driving the spray into the vines".
The Weed Index should simplify the problem of locating individual weeds on the chart. Treatments are listed in order of preference. The major revisions are as follows:
The Caution mentioned under the section on Iron Sulfate was re- vised to read: "The addition of salt makes iron sulfate more toxic, and about one-half as much of the mixture is needed". The new chart states that Pitchforks can be treated effectively up to June 10. The final sentence outlining the control of Green Scum was revised and now reads: "Complete drainage
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
IJ. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1 . Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Two
of the bog and ditches in early spring, exposing bog to air for one week, helps to control this trouble."
A new grass was added to the list of weeds controlled by kero- sene. It is known as Poverty (Jrass. Dr. Chester Cross tells us that it is a clump-former bronze in color, and is found especially on the high or hard-bottom areas of bogs, late in the Summer or early Fall. The kei'osene application was increased for controlling Coarse Bramble. Carex Species and related sedges. The new charts suggest an appli- cation of 600-800 gals, per acre for these particular weeds. When treating Cut, Manna, and Cotton Grass with kerosene following a late-holding of the winter flood, it is suggested that there is less damage to the new growth if ap- plications are made when temper- atures are below 65 degrees.
The major change in the Weed Control Chart was made under the section on 2, 4-D. Only one type of 2, 4-D is recommended for con- trolling Three Square Grass ac- cording to Dr. Cross. His experi- ments with the different formula- tions have shown that the Trie- thanolamine salt, 4 lbs. acid per gal. is the safest form to use on bogs. He recommends a dilution cf one part 2, 4-D to two parts of water when treating Three Square Grass. Rubber gloves are sug- gested for those handling this ma- terial.
Finally, when treating Ditch Weeds with Animate, it is sug- gested that ditches be drained, and the weeds sprayed or sprinkled un- til liquid runs off.
If the Experiment Station Staff can assist growers with their in- sect, idisease, and weed control problems, let us know.
Ellen Stillman Appointed NCA Vice President
Miss Ellen Stillman has been ap- pointed Vice President of National Cranberry Association at a meet- ing of the cooperative's Executive Committee. Previously Director of Advertising, Miss Stillman will
continue to direct the company's national advertising and publicity progiams.
The young- executive first be- came associated with the company while still attending high school and she continued her work there while studying- advertising and publicity at Boston University. Her duties have covered all phases of the department which she now heads, working in close correlation with sales and promotion.
She is a cranberry grower her- self, with bogs in Hanson and Scituate. During- recent years when the series of bumper crops pro- duced a surplus of berries, she originated the "Chicken and Cran- berry Campaign" to increase year 'round sales of Ocean Spray pro- ducts. Now in its fifth year, the campaign has already boosted sales over SS'/c during the spring and summer months, once consid- ered off season for ci-anberries, and chicken and cranberry sauce are now served together as natur- ally as the traditional turkey and cranberry sauce.
OFFICIALS OF ACE, NCA VISIT WEST COAST
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Guests at the Long Beach Penin- sula Cranberry Club (Washington) regular meeting- last month were Harold E. Bryant, Gen. Mgr. ACE, and Lester Haines of the ACE Chi- cago office. Both gave instructive talks on cranberry marketing.
On February 13, M. L. Urann, president of NCA, Miss Ellen Stillman, new vice president, and J. E. Glover of the sales staff met with Washington growers at a smorgasbord lunch. Mr. Urann gave a very detailed account of the 1951 marketing- operations, as well as speaking of the outlook for 1952. Miss Stillman explained the NCA advertising program and Mr. Glover spoke briefly.
The peanut is a member of the same plant family as the lovely sweet pea. However, the peanut bears its yellow flowers under the soil in order to ripen the seed. The peanut, therefore, is not a part of the plant's root system — it is simply a ripened seed.
Have you thought much about the service you get when you buy a Western Picker?
How about the first year when you don't know anything about your Picker? A call to Western Pickers, Inc., will bring an im- mediate answer to your question or a man will be out to your place in two hours.
How about your repairs and breakdowns? We replace all de- fective parts and rr.'ake the changes ourselves without any cost what- soever to you.
After the first year our shops and experience are available to you at a very reasonable price.
Have you ever thought what a financing load this puts on a young- manufacturing company like West- ern Pickers ?
To get experienced men we have to employ them for most of the year at higher than common wages. We must do this in several parts of the United States. If we pro- duced a lot of pickers every year this would not be outstanding, but in a small Industry like Cranber- ries it is remarkable. What do you imagine this single item of wages to specialty men amount to in a years time ?
Sometim'e when you haven't much to do, sit down and try to figure out what you would do if you were in a business like the Western Pickers is. After you had thought about the research costs, commission costs, instruction costs, repair costs, labor costs, outmoded parts costs, and costs of getting vital materials in these perilous times, would you think that you would do better or worse than Western Pickers has, in trying to fill a niche in the Cranberry In- dustry.
Needless to say, we are very curious about these matters.
(ADV.)
ThrM
:;;^,,T>OWLCRMBfR«v^,^^^^^^^
ISSUE OF MARCH 1952— VOL. 16. NO. 1 1
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., V/a; i-hani, Massachusetts. Subscription,
$3.00 per year.
Entered as secund-class matter January 26. 194;^, at the post-o ijt- at V/aveham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C. J. H. |
MASSACHUSETTS
Worst Blizzard in Generation
Cape Cod had its worst snow- storm in a generation on the night of February 27th and one of its snowiest months in February in many years. The blizzard of the 27th was the worst Dr. Franklin said he had seen in his 4.3 years at the Experiment Station.
Cape Cod proper was hit worse than other sections of New Eng- land, as it occasionally is, snow on the level being measured from 14 to 18 inches, and drifts were up to 15 feet, blocking highways and marooning hundreds. Cars were stalled everywhere. Snowfall in that storm was recorded as 11% inches at the State Bog.
Total of snow for the month was 20% inches, this falling in a series of storms one after the other, 31/2 on the 18th, 2 on the 19th, 3% on the 21st. There was only slight rainfall.
The month started off with the temperature 9 degrees above zero on the first and then the next ten days were abnormally warm, while the rest of the month was season- able in temperature. The excess for the first ten days was more than 10 degrees a day as recorded at Boston. March opened with an- other brief but bitter storm which left three inches in a very short time.
Oxygen Deficiency Such excessive snow (for the Cape) had two effects upon the bogs. It stopped any work which was in nrogress and in all prob- ability caused an oxygen deficiency effect for the vines. Observations were being made to determine the extent. Damage had been feared to be building up in January be-
cause of the unusual warmth of the month and the winter as a whole.
Many Growers Pull Water A number of growers, as the snow began to accumulate, pulled the water and let the ice drop, leaving the snow for protection, which was considered a wise move. So warm had been the winter, in fact, that some growers who could have flooded had not done so at all, although they had watched ■weather conditions closely. The result of this practice and the pull- ing of water because of the snow was that a good deal of acreage was drained of flood waters by March first.
WISCONSIN
Favorable Winter
Winter conditions for Wisconsin are considered as generally having been favorable. There should be little damage from oxygen defic- iency, although there is still some worry about the amount of winter- kill damage that was experienced during the exteremely cold spell in November.
Snow Stops Sanding Some winter ice sanding was done this year but the program' was stopped by a very heavy fall of snow toward the end of Febru- ary. Following that, growers could do little except wait for the spi'ing break-up.
NEW JERSEY
February Warmer
February weather at Pemberton was slightly warmer and consider- ably drier than normal. The aver- age temperature was 35.9 degrees, or about 2.3 degrees higher than normal. Only 1.99 inches of rain-
fall occorred on three rainy days, which is .66 inches lower than nor- mal.
February was one degree colder than January of this year. There were only four days in which the temperature did not go to freezing, or below, as compared to 10 such days in January. The highest temperature recorded was 55° on the 4th and the lowest was 16° on the 14th.
February was the first month in five months in which the rainfall did not exceed normal. It was the third consecutive month in which the temperature was above normal.
At Chatsworth the weather was very similar to that at Pemberton, the temperature averaging 36.9° and the rainfall totaling 1.83 inches.
Increase in Blueberry Scale
An increase of various kinds of scales on blueberries has been ob- served by many growers. The dis- tribution of the insects in most fields is rather spotty. The Ex- periment Station is studying this problem. A spray of superior oil at the rate of 3 gallons per 100, using at least 400 gallons per acre, is recommended. Growers are ad- vised to watch their bushes closely and to treat infested plants even ii only a small percentage are af- fected. The spray should be ap- plied any time after March 1, but before buds completely open. Control Charts Proofs have been received from the printer for the cranberry and blueberry nest control charts. It is hoped that the finished charts will be in the mail about March 15. New Extension Program Ernest Christ and Ordway Starnes, both of the Extension Ser- vice, have begun their cranberry
Four
and blueberry program. Both men are joining Doehlert in his month- ly visits to growers with the Agri- c-uitural Agents of Atlantic, Bur- lington and Ocean Counties. This will help Christ and Starnes in getting acquainted with the var- ious properties. Growers who have problems which require per- sonal visits should notify the Agri- cultural Agents or C. A. Doehlert. Personal The Pemberton Laboratory wel- comed a visit from CRANBER- RIES Editor and Mrs. Hall on their way back from Florida. The Halls also visited some cranberry growers while in the state.
WASHINGTON
Daffodils in Bloom
The winter has been generally mild, and with the beginning of February a few daffodils were starting to bloom.
Activity on bogs last month was quite wide-spread. Some of the older bogs in the Grayland district are being sanded. There is some reclamation and replanting in the Long Beach area. Carl Brateng has had a shovel working on his bog. The shovel also worked on the Wilson Blair property. Mc- Farlins will be the variety re- planted on both bogs. Personals
Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Lewis, Sr., and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lewis, Jr., of Wisconsin were Feb- ruary visitors to the Long Beach cranberry area, where they have made many trips and have many friends.
Dr. J. Harold Clarke of Cran- guyma Farms has been visiting on the East Coast, planning to visit Washington, New Jersey and New York.
COINCIDENCE
On a postcard from St. Peters- burg, Florida, Herman G. Geb- hardt, well-known cranberry grow- er of Black River Falls, Wisconsin, writes after reading the R. C. Everson article in a recent issue that he "was born the same day, some month and same year as Everson. I have picked cranber- ries each year since 10 yeai's of age (as had Everson) and my win- ters in the South are 2.3, much the same as Everson."
Cranberry Industry Is Booming As War of the Rebellion Rolls Up
Wareham Comes into the Cranberry Orbit with First Assessed Bog — 1860 Saw Cape's Greatest Population and Beginning of End of Its Maritime Interests
(Thi.s is the 14th installment of the History of the Cranberry Industry.)
By CLARENCE J. HALL
As the dark clouds of the Civil War were rolling inexorably over the horizon of the nation, the cranberry industry continued to progress.
Most steadily on the Cape, in Massachusetts, but in a few other areas the upswing went on. "It was not until near the year 1860 that the cranberry industry was commenced in earnest in New Jersey", wrote J. J. White in his book. Out in Wisconsin there was a hint of what was to come in that state. A Mr. Peffer is credited with beginning cultivation in 1853. He found the vines grew readily from cuttings, "even in clay soil," but he found difficulty with frost heaving the ground and covering the vines with muck where he had scalped the marshes. He seemed to have continued, however, until at least 1870. One E. N. Daniels bought land for cranberry purposes fronr the Carey Brothers, who a few years later were to harvest their fabulous crops of wild fruit which started the industry in the Badger State.
Everywhere in the cranberry regions recruits were falling into the ranks of the industry, increasing acreage. New communities were swelling the resoui-ces of the cranberry army. The War of the Rebel- lion was not to dampen cranberry enthusiasm, but to continue the boom, with high prices for cranberry land and crops, as did World War II. "Lands (on Cape Cod) that had Price, "whereas, if the price was
been considered worthless and not worth taxing rose rapidly in value and 'bog holes' that could not have been given away before, brought !?50 to SI 00 an acre." wrote 0. N. Holmes of about this period. Prices Up
It was true, as he continued, quite a number engaged in the business at once, but many of them ran wild, and without any knowled. of the business had their lands poorly prepared and finally made a failure in their attempts. But, he concluded, "many continued and had their lands re-prepared."
That year of 1860 cranberries were scarce, and on November 13, the BARNSTABLE PATRIOT said "nice" cranberries were com- mandine a price of S15.00 a bar- rel: "any person who owns a hun- dred barrels can exchange them for a good farm."
The fruit retailed at Boston fron? 12 to 17 cents a quart, being bought from producers at $4.00 a bushel. The BOSTON COURIER obsei-ved this was too costly and that not one family in a hundred would buy cranberries at that
the former one of |1.50 a bushel, or the six cents a quart, what they are worth, the story would be a different one."
The COURIER also reported that a Mr. Allen in Burlington County, New Jersey, who had a ten-acre bog had sold his crop for $4.00 a bushel. The acreage of that county, showing how Jersey was picking up against the Cape in cranberry production was given as 150, "and which, at that price, has sold a crop for $90,000, ten times what the land is worth!"
Maine Cultivation Prior to War
THE NEW ENGLAND FARM- ER in March of 1860 brings in at- tempts at cranberry culture in Maine, quoting the Maine State Board of Agriculture as referring to a Mr. Dill "who has a small bog in which there is warfare be- tween a specie of laurel and the cranberry." The Board states he had plants from wild Maine meadows and from West Bridge- water, Massachusetts, the "Bell," the "Cherry", also "Bugles" from Minnesota.
(Continued on Page 18)
Fiv*
WINTER SWEET CORN IN FLORIDA IS VENTURE OF MASS. CRANBERRY MAN
By CLARENCE J. HALL
A Massachusetts cranberry grower of considerable prominence and a leader in Plymouth County agricultral affairs — and his wife — at this writing are literally up to their ears in Florida sweet corn. The couple is Mr. and Mrs. Howard B. Hiller of East-Over Farms Rochester.
"Hub" Hiller is senior supervisor of approximately 150 acres of Hiller bogs, owned by the Hiller family along the SippicSn river, these quite consistently producing about 6,000 barrels of berries a year. Co- operating with him in the management is his younger cousin, Lewis Hiller. Besides the bogs Hiller operates a dairy farm and ice business.
East-Over Farms where he lives in one of the dwellings, is prac- tically a community in itself, with an interesting historical background which will be considered later.
Florida Sweet Corn
But, for the moment to get back to his venture in Florida corn growing. And this is strictly a venture, Hiller admits. Even con- siderable of a gamble for possibly high stakes. Sweet corn growing on a commercial scale is some- thing new for Florida, and Hiller is among the earlier ones engaged in this field "in on the ground floor." He didn't start until last year. He wasn't making any money in cranberries, (in the cranberry depression) so he hopped to Flor- ida for three months in the winter.
He had been to Florida a num- ber of times in years past and he had talked with agriculturalists and others there. He heard of the sudden "sweet corn culture." Ten years ago sweet corn was a rarity in that "State of the ' Sun." The last two seasons Florida has more than 28,000 acres in corn and has shipped about 200 million ears each season. The vegetable industry in Florida is a 8150,000,000 a year business with more than 350,000 acres devoted to the raising of vegetable crops. So the corn busi- ness is, as yet, relatively minor.
The new corn industry was built on a three-point program: hybrid corn, worm control with DDT, and pre-c^oling of the corn before being shipped out of state.
It was the introduction of the hybrids into Florida that really started the trick. A hybrid known as Goiden Cross Bantam was said to have been the first and others followed, such as Golden Security which is the kind Hiller is growing.
Operates at Homestead
He operates at Homestead, in Dade County, below Miami and just at the entrance 'to the Florida Keys. HonTestead is having a boom in farming and in vacationists and has changed greatly in the past several years.
The land used for corn and other vegetables is mostly re- claimed— from the Everglades. Some of it is below water part of the year. Soil he describes as a marie. "It doesn't require any lime, but it needs about every- thing else."
The Hillers lease the land they operate. Last season Mr. Hiller was in with Herbei't Holmes of West Bridgewater, Mass., and Bronson Tucker of Marion. They worked 150 acres. They didn't make any money but they didn't lose too much either, he says. He is charging this loss up to experi- ence, as he thinks he learned quite a lot. With Tucker and Lond:n, a tomato grower from Pennsyl- vania, Hiller has had planted 80 acres to corn and 30 to tomatoes. The venture is something of an investm'ent. Land at Homestead can be boug'ht, but the price is $650 an acre, and Hiller is funda- mentally a cranberry grower.
Growing corn in Florida wasn't found to be any easier than grow- ing ci'anberries, or operating a dairy farm in Massacuhsetts. Weeds were tough with lush growth and refused to be turned under, even when heavy plows, powered by caterpillars were used. He is now using a selective weed killer, a pre-emergent spray which
contains 2-4d. There is also a post emergent weed killer.
Corn Has Many Enemies
There are birds, mice, rats and rabbits as soon as the corn is up. Then there is the wireworm. The wireworm is followed by web worms, stalk-borers, fall army- worms, corn-silk flies and ear- worms — all enjoying sweet corn, even as you and I. DDT was rela- tively effective when properly ap- plied as a spray or dust. This is required on a 72-hour schedule from the time silks emerge until the crop is harvested. Earworm is the most difficult to control and the problem is not lessened by the fact that in Florida there \re as many as 7 broods a year as compared to only two or three in Massachu- setts.
Uses Duster Designed by St. Jacques
Last year Hiller and his part- ners battled the insect enemies with a high-clearance duster de- signed and developed by Emil C. St. Jacques, whD is well-known in the cranberry industry as the pro- prietor of Hayden Separator Company of Wareham. Lights were installed and dusting done at night when the air was quiet and heavy Florida dew made a good sticker. To add to the troubles of Florida corn growing there is a leaf disease called He- liththosporiurrc turticum, or, as some growers are said to call it "Helluva-mess-of-Sporum.". This Fungus can wipe out entire fields.
"You can see, my wife and I are not going to Florida for a va- cation, as so many do. We're going from cne job to another." And they do work, both having become expert corn "packers."
Labor is plentiful in that re- mote section of Florida, but cost- ly, and in an effort to lesson the expense, St. Jacques was again called upon to design and con- struct a corn picker and packer. This machine will travel through the fields at a speed of one-eight of a mile an hour. The corn moves from field to packers on conveyor belts, where it is graded and packed in crates. Filled, the crates are trucked to a pre-cooling house, where they are U. S. gov- ernment inspected, and passed
Six
The East-Over Farms Home of Mr. and Mrs. Hiller
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
through a cold water bath of 40 deress or less. For shipment the corn goes in cars or trucks with the load top-iced, in addition to the cooling by usual bunker ice. Corn should be all harvested by March. Last year the season was greatly retarded, which was one reason why the crop wasn't profitable.
According to Mr. Hiller, ap- parently, one of the greatest as- sets of this new business is to ship out early, before corn from other parts of the country is in the mar- ket. Of course, say, if there is a heavy frost in Texas, this damage to the Texas corn would make the Florida men sorry, but it wouldn't hurt the Florida corn market any.
Florida Frost Night
One of the reasons for the se- lection of Homestead by Mr. Hil- ler is that this very southern town is about as frost-proof as any place in the U. S. However, there are frosts there once in a while. As a cranberry grower, fighting a frost is nothing new to Hiller.
For years he has taken personal charge of flowing the Hiller bogs.
He experienced a Florida frost scare on the evening of February 4th last year. This experience was interestingly described in an article about the Hiller corn growing by Lew Norwood, former Plymouth County Agent, writing in an issue of the Farm Bureau publication. He wrote that the day started off with radio and newspaper warnings of possible frost. During the day conditions continued to be just right for trouble. Preparations at Homestead were made all day long. Old tires were placed around vegetable fields to give a blanket of smoke when lighted, this to give a few extra degrees of heat. Some growers had pails and buckets of sawdust soaked with oil. Some had army-surplus fog machines and orchard heaters. At 11 p .m., the forecast for Homestead was for 27-.34 degrees with frost.
It was a long night at Hom'e- stead, just as such nights are end- less on a cranberry bog. But at
5 a. m., the next morning there was a rustling of palms in a breeze, the sky was overcast. The tem- peratures was up to 40. There had been a day and night of anxiety, but no frost. Does this remind you of many a cranberry frost night? Mr. Hiller is a member of Amer- ican Fruit Growers' Inc., selling his own corn under the "Blue Goose" label. His tomatoes he sells at auction, after they have been graded and passed by State and Federal inspection.
Hiller Independent Cranberry Grower As concerns his cranberry mar- keting affiliations he is an inde- pendent. For many years his crops have been handled by the Beaton Distributing Agency, Wareham, as were Hiller Brothers crops before he took over. He is a second generation cranberry man. The bogs were started in about 1910 by his father, Robert B. Hiller and his uncle, Isaac, both of Marion. They operated as Hiller Brothers. They, too, were in the livery sta-
Seven
ble business, Marion village, (which was originally a part of ancient Rochester.) "Hub's" father also bought horses, making long trips to the West, as far as St. Louis. There he bought, sometirr.'es in carload lots and then the animals were sold from the livery stable at Marion and sales stable at Fair- haven. The brothers also were in the coal and lumber business.
The Hiller Brothers became in- terested in the cranberry idea as well. The idea came about chiefly through the late "Lee" Handy, prominent Wareham grower, who was always talking up the cran- berry business to anyone who would listen. The brothers bought East-Over Farms to control Leon- ard's pond as a water supply for the bogs they intended to build. In buying this farm they acquired an extremely interesting and his- torical location. The farm itself consists of about 150 acres (with the entire Hiller lands several hundred more) lying along and adjacent to Mary's Pond road. This road — first an Indian trail, then a bridal path and later wagon and stage coach highway, was a principal way from Plymouth to New Bedford.
Historic East-Over
Incorporation of Rochester dates from 1679. Early references are found to a mill in the town as early as 1683. This is presumed to have been at the present Hiller property. But it is certain there was one there, a few years later, and this was known as "Sippican Mills."
There was first a grist mill and from the same Sippican stream which turned its wheels, Mrs. Hil- ler obtained electricity by means of a modern water wheel generator and stora:j;e batteries. Actually he still does obtain electricity from this same water "race way," but now it is more of an auxiliary to power from a utility company.
The Sippican Mills site was later obtained by a Charles H. Leonard, who was a whale oil merchant of New Bedford. It was he who built a great country estate there, and probably gave the area its name of "East-Over," since it is east of New Bedford.
Some of the earliest houses of Rochester were established in this vicinity, "something of a village being formed," history says around these Sippican Mills. There was apparently an iron foundry and a grist mill as well as an early flour mill. By 1821 there was said to have been a forge, a drop hamnrer shop and a foundry to fashion by trip hammer from native iron ore what were known as "blooms," or masses of iron in oblong shape which later became nails in Ware- ham.
Mr. Leonard built an elaborate mansion there supposedly from, or replacing one built as early as 1756. His date of remodelling is given in a drawing as 1850. There were greenhouses in which tropical plants were grown, hot-house grapes, curving driveways, the whole being classically landscaped. .$66,000 in Stone Walls
In this area of Leonard's pond there was (and still is) an ancient tavern. There was a schoolhouse, a blacksmith's shop, a store. All the driveways are, bordered by cut stone fences. These stone walls were said to have cost S60,000 dol- lars and that with labor at §1.00 per day. The stone was cut on the place.
Before the Hiller Brothers took over, after Mr. Leonard, the prop- erty was owned by John J. Rhodes of New Bedford, another weathly man as had been Mr. Leonard. Tills Mr. Rhodes, was a horse en- thusiast. He built a half-mile race track on the property.
The Hiller Brothers when they acquired this property built a 15 acre bog. This is still the largest piece. There are now about 12 in all. The smallest an acre.
The vines, the Hillers have set out are about 45 percent Howes, 50 of Early Blacks and the other five made up of Voses' Pride, a fruit little planted but formerly well thought of. A few "Perry Reds," something resembling- an Early Black and probably a local natural berry and a few "Hall Ber- ries." The "Perry Reds," Mr. Hil- ler says at times are beautiful fruit and at other times do not keep very well.
Hiller's father purchased his
brothers share of East-Over Farms proper and went into the dairy business.
Howard B. Hiller, born in Mar- ion, June 13, 1893, went to Tabor Academy, a private prep school there and then to the University of Maine to major in agriculture with a special training in dairying. He had worked at the farm and decided he wanted to dairy and grow cranberries. When he was graduated from Maine in 1917 he began to work for his father and uncle. When they passed away he took care of the Hiller interests, farming and cranberries, for both sides of the Hiller family.
The bogs are built in a series, or a chain. But they have some differences and adivantages over many a chain of bogs. One is that they are all relatively small. There is a most unusual flooding arrangement, or at least, it is not common in Massachusetts. Water pours down a stone-lined raceway from the mill pond, and from there, a canal takes it around the edges of the various pieces. There is also another canal or ditch from the pond which takes it around the bogs into a swamp used as a reservoir,and still another, from a little pond called "Humphrey's Mill Pond, where are the stumbled ruins of another mill. There is one gas pump for use when water is abnormally low for flooding. Another, so that water may be pumped back into the swamp re- servoir.
Beautiful Water System
With the brook, canal and race- way, all bogs can be flooded, or the water released individually with- out going through any other. There is an 8-foot drop fronr Leon- ard's Pond to the lowest end of the bogs. The Hillers have a lease to take water from Humphrey's, since it is too small to be a state- owned body of water; while there exists the same privilege for the much-larger Leonard's, because that is a body of water artificially created. With bogs so small, much acreage can be sanded directly by a bog railroad along the shore.
Appi'oxmiately 100 more acres of bog may be put in, and, in fact,
(Continued on Page 20)
I
Beautiful, placid Leonard's Pond, under a skimming of ice. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
The stone-walled Race Way from Leonard's Pond, warehouse showing in background.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Nin»
EARNED
ALLOCATIONS
By Russell A. Trufant
The writer is deeply disturbed by the growing smugness and com'- placency appearing among the cranberry growers. True, we have many reasons for satisfaction with the present status of the industry. We are assured that the carryover is likely to become a shortage; that the Fresh Cranberry Institute is working wonders; that the new Mutual (Massachusetts) can be an influence for orderly marketing; that the strong solidarity among the shippers will continue to stabilize the market as it did this season.
Does all this justify our sitting back now and letting George do it? Remember that th? canners have at times sh;wn a tendency to, shall we say, hoard cranberries? And that they are still under ef- fective one-man control; and an in- dividual is more likely to pull a boner than a group, just as he is more likely to make a lucky stab. Less stability than a group. And that the Institute has but one sea- son to which it can point with pride. Our Mutual was intended to follow the pattern of the Flori- da Mutual; their returns on or- anges have dropped from around $3.75 to nearer fifty cents a box despite the Mutual. The Florida Exchange had to drop a $33 million deal with Snow Crop. The account reaching me sounds like the usual mem'ber disloyalty. And our vaunted 1951 market could have been broken badly by the ill-ad- vised shipment of but a car or two. "Eternal Vigilance" No, the price of Freedom and well-being in every way, is eternal vigilance. Vigilance that no situa- tion be allowed to develop which might disrupt our present happy relations and set the industry off on another dog-eat-dog debauch. Let us then look to the foundations of our present harmony, and con- sider how they might be safe- guarded and improved. The cor- nerstone of our harmony would seem to be the orderly allocation
between the fresh and the pro- cessed markets. We have some- how muddled through this matter in the Council, with arguments here and concessions there, to reach a tardy but liveable balance each year. This last season, es- pecially, it seems that everyone g:t just what he wanted by the final allocation. There seem to have been just enough berries to go around, with no market starved or overloaded.
If our present harn-vony breaks out into war again, the cause is likely to be somewhere in the allo- cation system. The seeds of trouble are in there right now, and we should be gettim; rid of them. For example, in 1951 the National 100 percent members' crops went about 20 percent fresh to 80 percent pro- cessed, while other members of Council split about 50-50. The reason given, to avoid long ship- ment of berries for canning, is a bit of double-talk which would seem to mean that the small North Chicago plant cannot handle 60 percent of the Wisconsin berries, so to avoid shipping Wisconsins East for canning and back for sale, Massachusetts berries were canned instead and shipped to or beyond Chicago. That does not ac- count for the seeming discrimin- ation between 100 percent members of National and other Massachu- setts members of Council. If there is any great disparity be- tween National's returns and those of other Eastern growers, there is a beautiful seed for trouble.
If, as som.'e growers claim there is still a mai'ked difference be- tween screening costs for fresh and canned berries, Wisconsin has been deprived of some cheap screening, as well as all Eastern Council members except National, which has been unduly favored. It would seem wise to try to avoid a recurrence of this situation.
We are now in the shadow of the possibility of a short crop. If we have one, both the fresh markets and the canners will howl that
their market is being starved for the benefit of the other side, if any arbitrary allocation is set solely on the basis of jawbone belligerence. Either or both sides would be likely to kick over the traces and vsrreck our applecart. We should now be taking steps to establish an orderly, rational and perhaps permanent method of setting the annual allocation. Flat Statements We are frequently met by flat statements that there is more money for the grower in canning, or in fresh fruit, according to who is doing the talking. These state- ments are meaningless unless they specify the allocation conditions they are talking about. Suppose, in 1952, that (if you can imagine it) the allocation was set 90 percent canned and 10 percent fresh. To move that volure'e, the price in cans would have to go back to §1.50 or so, with returns to growers somewhat similar to the $2.08 of the 1949 canning pool. On the other hand, the scarcity of berries in the fresh market would boost them up to a fantastic price as a luxury or prestige item. There would be more money in fresh for the grower.
Reverse this, and imagine an allocation of 10 percent canned and 90 percent fresh. The shoe would be on the other foot, with fresh fruit being dumped and the scarce cans bringing the fantastic prices. So it all depends on the al- location. Let us hope we never try either of these extremes.
But perhaps they mean that the growers would be beter off if all fruit was canned, or all went fresh. That is as unlikely as having every single grower in one single cooperative. There would be enough outsiders to prevent the occurrence of either.
Right here it might be well to comment that it is cheaper, easier and simpler to dump fresh fruit than to dump processed or process- ing fruit, if any needs to be dumped. We actually have dumped fresh fruit as recently as 1950. The nearest we have come to dumping caned stuff has been to donate it in a place where it may or may not have lost the sale of undonateil (Continued on Page 12)
Ten
(^ditMals
Vol. 16 - No. 11 ISSUE OF MARCH 1952
WE START ONCE AGAIN
M
ARCH is the month when the winter wraps start coming off the bogs and marshes ; growers start heading back north irom Florida, Arizona and other warmer I'limes than the cranberry districts. The bogs have rested, so have the growers.
This is our real start of the new year — and we anticipate, as do many growers, that it is to be another generally satisfac- tory year, as was last season. Not another year in the red or on the borderline of pay- ing operations.
There is some talk of over-confidence in the industry — that a single good year has so elated some growers they have for- gotten the sorry lessons they learned the past three or four. We do not believe that. That isn't the way we hear it.
We see growers and hear from grow- ers from all the areas, and we do not see the signs of bullishness. We really are sur- prised at the number of growers who vol- unteer the remark that if the crop is short- er this year, "I don't want to see prices go too high. We'll be in the same mess all over again if 'they' get them up too far."
The "they" can be pretty much the growers themselves, influencing their dis- tributors that they are not demanding too much. And from what we can gather, growers have actually learned the lesson that bust so often follows boom. However, it is human nature that even lessons learned the hard way can be forgotten. "Stabil- ization" is perhaps an over-worked word, but that is what the growers we talk with seem to want. And to keep that point in mind all through this coming season is de- sirable.
MORE PRECISION
Most readers have probably observed the notice we have been printing in recent issues asking for "Ideas" to make this magazine more interesting and valuable. We have in enough responses now to get some definite thoughts upon what growers do want. Greatest request was along the line of more precision in operating cran- berry bogs. A desire for technical advice and suggestions, from the experts. A de- sire to learn how to do things more effic- ientlv than before, if possible.
CRANBERRIES, therefore, will attempt
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALI^-Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Orejion
Massachusetts
DK. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Direclor Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Warehain, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnscable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Pemberton, New Jersey
Station
to obtain more technical material in the future. This is where greatest interest seems to lie, and that is a good thing.
CONGRATULATIONS, MISS STILLMAN
TT is not too often that a woman comes to a position of leadership in an organiza- tion national in its operations. The cran- berry industry has. and has had in the past, its share of capable workers of the often- called gentler sex.
We are referring, of course, to the ap- pointment of Miss Ellen Stillman as vice- president of NCA. This would seem to be a definitely well-earned advancement for Miss Stillman, and we off"er our congrat- ulations both to her and to NCA and its members.
Eleven
EARNED ALLOCATIONS
(Continued from Page 10)
berries. If you dump frozen ber- ries you are dumping freezer costs along with them; if you dump pro- cessed berries you dump sugar and cooking costs, as well as the screening and packaging costs which may or may not be dumped with fresh fruit. In other words, once a berry starts through the freezing or processing plant, it is too late to dump it.
Danger in 50-50 Allocation There is danger also in accept- ing the rigid 50-50 allocation which some growers favor. That makes no provision for following the whim of the houswife or any other changing marketing condi- tions. The returns from either fresh or canned berries might climb well above returns from the other side, and cause enough swing of independents to the high side, perhaps at the wrong time, to up- set us again. Such a swing would inevitably extend to members of the low side co-op, and work irre- parable damage by intensifying the hard feelings which would develop.
Need "Fool-Proof" Allocation
So we need a fool-proof method of allocation which would be good no matter how conditions might change. Such a system should be planned to work with nature and the supply-demand law as closely as possible. Just as the grower tries to work with nature by choosing a gravity-flow reservoir as beter than a pumped supply, so we should let human nature help us rather than try to strait-jacket it. And our aim should be to in- sure approximate equality between returns from' canning and returns from net to the grower. That way lies stability. Most of our jealous- ies cancel out if it makes no dif- ference to the pocketbook.
In devising a way to balance these markets, it might be well to speculate on how one over-all co- operative would do it, if there was one. The writer is foolish enough to believe the officers would watch the returns from either side and gradually increase the allocation of the side showing the best re- turns. The increasing supply to
the high side would tend to dimin- ish its rate of return, just as the decreased supply to the low side would increase its profits, tending to reach and maintain an equili- brium. Over-correction at any time would show up in the returns for that season, and dictate a change the other way the next year. Any trend in consumer pre- ference would show up and be fol- lowed in the same way. It is con- ceivable that such a system might eventually result in choking one market off entirely; about as pos- sible as a blizzard in July, due to the inevitable independents.
We could adopt just such a sys- tem of "earned allocations" in the Council right now. The prices ob- tained on both fresh and processed markets for the 1951 crop will be well established by allocation time in August 1952. The last crop went about 60-40. If one side paid the growers 10 percent more per barrel, chaff basis, that side should be rewarded by an increase in its allocation for '52 the increase being half of its 10 percent advantage on '51 returns. If canners were high payer, the '52 allocation would be 65-35; if fresh paid more, 55-45. For 1953 we would adjust the 1952 allocation the same way, and so on. Float Situation Merits Attention
The adoption of such a system, while desirable, would not be a cure-all by means. Every other possible point of friction should be anticipated and oiled up in ad- vance. The off-again, on-again float situation merits attention. The role of National's partial- contract members in the allocation system should be studied through. Perhaps their contracts could be drawn to follow the "earned allo- cation" system. In figuring Na- tional returns for allocation pur- poses, any ^carryover should be valued at a very low, perhaps zero, value per barrel. We should make every effort to take full advantage of the possibilities inherent in the Institute and the Mutual.
The adoption of such a system of "earned allocations" would not bo without its problems. For ex- ample, how to figure on and com- pensate for the activities of tne
non-members of the Council. Off- hand it would seem that as long as National continues to be the only significant canner, the entire crops of its partial-contract members should be figured just as if they wei'e 100 percent nrembers. This might be expressed as assuming that all non-Council growers were NCA growers. There would be other points in figuring returns to the grower on an equitable, com- parable basis. That might involve storage costs, hauling costs, screen- ing costs, packaging costs and ship- ping costs, as well as shrinkage. Furthermore, note that the NCA barrel of 100 pounds differs from the NECSCO volume barrel as well as from the ACE four-case barrel of 96 over-weight packages.
Hope for Stability
Our hope for continued stability rests in some allocation arrange- ment which will insure approxi- mately equal returns from the growers' berries, however market- ed. It does not lie in any system which would try to condemn any grower to market his crop in a less profitable manner than his neigh- bor. There seems to be two ways to do this. We either all belong to one cooperative, which is as possi- ble as our all belonging to the sanvj church, or we balance the market- ing methods by some means such as this system of "earned alloca- tions."
Quality an Ideal
Another ideal to work towards would be the balancing of quality between fresh and canned goods. Did you ever see an unsalable can of Ocean Spray on a retail coun- ter? Think that one over. Is there any way we can assure the consumer of as uniform a quality of fresh berries? There is an ob- jective for each and every one of us who puts a berry on the fresh market, or has anything to do with handling them on the way, or sells them.
The white cf an egg will remove chewing gum from cloth, hair, or hands without ill effects. Just rub it on the gum and let stand for a few minutes. — University of Mas- sachusetts.
Twelve
Cranberry Growers:
STOP INSECT AND DISEASE PESTS
With These Outstanding Du Pont Chemicals
MARLATE®lnsecticide
controls insects the safe way.
Here's the basic chemical for insect control on cranberries: Du Pont "Marlate" methoxychlor insecticide. Controls fireworms, leafhoppers, fruitworms, tip worms, San Jose scale crawlers and girdler moths. You can use "Marlate" safely early in the season, for it doesn't bum tender foliage. And you can use "Marlate" up to within a week of harvest for insect control, without a toxic resi- due problem. Effective in dusts or sprays, compatible with other chem- icals including "Fermate" fungicide.
FERMATEFungicide
prevents leaf and fruit diseases.
Mild on the plants, but tough on diseases, "Fermate" fungicide helps you get better yields of clean fruit from every acre of bog. Du Pont "Fermate" is highly effective against cranberry leaf spot and certain fruit rots that attack the crop. Does not burn young leaves, is safe to use even in hot weather, is compatible with other spray and dust chemicals. Use "Fermate" with "Marlate" for an ideal insect- and disease-control pro- gram.
See your dealer for full information and supplies of these Du Pont Chemicals. Ask him also for free booklets on '^Fer- mate," ''Marlate," Du Pont Weed Killers and other pest- control products. Or write to Du Pont, Grasselli Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Delaware.
ON DU PONT PEST-CONTROL PRODUCTS
'ECU. s. PAT.OPr
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING
. . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY
Final Winter Meetings Held by Cape Cod Clubs
New nrechanical equipment was the main subject of the February Club meetings on the Cape. Pro- fessor Earl Cox of the Agricul- tural Engineering Department University of Massachusetts, ex- plained the hydraulic sanding equipment with the aid of colored slides. Basically, this consists of a pump, plastic tubing, and an in- jector. The pumps used in the experiments have been O. C. D. pumps or equivalent, operated around 100 pounds pressure. Plas- tic tubing three inches in diameter is attached to the pump and the injector. At the injector, the cross- section diameter is reduced to % of an inch, and the water is forced in space for a distance of two to three inches where it enters an- other pipe with a bell flare 1-% inches in diameter. If the space through which the water passes
sand will flow from the injector. Three-inch plastic tubing from the injector carries the water and sand mixture onto the bog where it is spread by two operators from two- inch plastic tubing which is easily attached at 100-foot intervals. Hydraulic Spreader Experimental
To date, the work with the hy- draulic sander should be considered experimental; however, Mr. Cox said one O. C. D. pump and a crew of five men at the bog should be able to sand two acres per day, provided the hauling crew kept a continual supply of sand. He also stated the injectors might be placed at the sand pit, if it were not too far away.
Bin Cranberry Storage
Mr. Cox then presented five sheets of mimeographed data of storage studies made at the State Bog on cranberries. The cranber- ries stored in bins were as good as those taken in boxes directly to the screenhouse. The bin storage was studied as it later might be an economical and convenient way to handle berries from a mechani-
cal picker. The studies of removal of field "heat indicated the most firm berries were from berries stored continually at 35 degrees or 45 degrees. However, all .meth- ods of removing field heat appear- ed to be better than taking the berries from the field directly to the screenhouse. The data on the percentage of berries which might be taken from only the top bounce board was over 78 percent for both Early Blacks and Howes.
Professor Cox spoke briefly on the ditch cleaner, which is under construction and will be tested early in the spring.
Beattie Gives Some Tips
J. Richard Beattie, Extension Cranberry Specialist, spoke on Production Problems for 1952, stressing the importance of stay- ing with your sales agent. He em- phasized the need of placing orders early for equipment and supplies. Growers were warned to watch for scum, which had already been ob- served on some bogs. The care taken in sanding will help to maintain the production in 1952.
is kept filled with sand, water and
DON'T THINK
we are giving ourselves any Blue Ribbons — but we do try to give "Blue Ribbon" service
to our members, to the industry, to the consuming public. To give the best possible service is the duty of any co-operative worthy of the name.
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company
(A Cooperative)
WISCONSIN RAPIDS
WISCONSIN
Fourtean
Mr. Beattie also said that care in pruning- and raking greatly reduce the number of beiries which were left on the bottom of the bog. He al.so stressed the importance of proper timing of insecticide appli- cations, which might be improved by having your equipment ready and by cooperating with your neighbor.
Dr. Chandler answered questions on fertilizer and Dr. Franklin was called upon for comments.
At the Upper Cape Cranberry Club meeting there was a growers' panel. Mr. Leeman described his method of rebuilding by plowing and harrowing for two summers. The following spring, two inches of sand was applied and the vines hill set.
The Lower Cape had a colored sound movie in place of the panel. Both programs were arranged by Arnold C. Lane, Associate County Agricultural Agent.
CUTTING PRODUCTION COSTS
The growers' panel "Cutting Production Costs", was the main ary. George Rounsville of the
Cranberry Experiment Station told of his successful experience with lliiee other growers in neighbor ■ feature of the Plymouth County (Mass.) Club meetings for Febru- hood cooperation. Between them they have a number of pieces of equipment, which they use to- gether for spraying, dusting, and harvesting. As all of them are part-tinre operators, the work has to be done nights or Sund'ays. Nevertheless they have been able to get very good timing on all of their treatments. Little or no hired help has been used for the spray-program. A small fee for maintenance and repair is paid to the grower owning the equipment. The total acreage owned by these growers is only twenty acres, and hired help needed for sanding, weeding, etc., is shared by the growers. Mr. Rounsville felt other growers could enjoy this type of cooperation, but believed the oper- ators should live and have their pi'operty quite close together.
Pruning and Raking Costs
Frank Crandon of Acushnet talked about mechanical pruning
and raking as a method of cutting cost. The mechanical pruner which Mr. Crandin and Mr. Leonard have constructed has eight verti- cal cutter bars which cut a swath 36 inches wide. The pruning ma- chine will prune an acre in two hours. The power rake will re- move the prunings from an acre in an hour. The combined cost of pruning and raking, therefore will be S15 to $18 per acre. Dr. Chandler on Fertilizer Costs
Dr. Chandler of the Cranberry Station said there are two ways of reducing fertilizer costs, one, by reducing the price paid for fertilizer, and the other, by reduc- ing the cost of application of the material. He pointed out that a unit of nitrogen from sulfate of amonia costs less than a unit of nitrogen from. nitrate of soda, and said that sulfate of ammonia was equally effective for control of moss, according to Dr. Cross. Dr. Chandler then told of methods of reducing the cost of application by applying fertilizer in the flood water, sprinklers, or sprayers. Slides were used to illusti'ate the
ANNOUNCEMENT
The pump which I developed and showed under test (with the help of Pro- fessor Cox) at the Growers' meeting at Wareham two years ago, has been installed near Plymouth and may be seen in operation by appointment. This pump fea- tures low first cost, low installation cost (no spiling, no concrete, wet-hole setting) , low maintenance repair and replacement cost (wearing parts mass-produced), and 100'^' salvage value. This pump raises an acre of water four inches an hour, or four acres one inch an hour, etc. IT PUMPS EITHER WAY. Direction is re- versed by crossing the belt the other way.
Automatic gates — NO FLASHBOARDS. Heads now proved up to six and a half feet static, with less than ten horsepower.
Of course the industry needs such a pump. But before I enter the battle for materials and parts just now, it is important to know whether the growers in the industry want such a pump right now, and are willing to back their needs with their money. Building single units would be expensive ; with orders for three units I would start building six. It might take three months to build that first lot.
Cost of the pump would be about $500. Installation with a truck crane runs less than a day. Please do not ask for other sizes ; let me develop one size at a time. My interest in larger sizes will depend on the acceptance of this first size.
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT North Carver, Mass. Carver 64-11
Fifteen
application of anhydrous ammonia and phosphoric acid in the flood watei'.
"Custom" Spraying and Dusting
Raymond Morse of West Ware- ham spoke on "Custom Spi'aying- and Dusting". He stressed the im- portance of making early arrange- ments in order to obtain the best timing of application. Mr. Morse said that his goal was to do the best job as economically as pos- sible. He mentioned the desira- bility of the grower having his own equipment in operating con- dition as an insurance measure to be used when it was impossible to get proper timing from custom spraying or dusting. Jack Conley of Wiggin Airways added to Mr. Morse's comments by giving in- formation on the use of the heli- copter in custom work.
Professor Cox presented the same information at the Plymouth County Clubs that he presented at the Cape Clubs. Since this was
leported under the Cape meeting in this issue, it is not included here.
Butler — I^alior This Year
Frank Butler of Wareham gave the grower a great deal of infor- mation on the labor situation. This year, help from outside continental United States may be obtained through the Mass. Employment Association or The Farm Bureau Federation, or the growers may contact directly the laborers they had last year. Mr. Butler said there were a few improvements being made in the Mass. Employ- ment Association contracts. He read a letter from the President of the Farm Bureau Federation and a sample contract. Mr. But- ler expressed the appreciation of the labor committee to the Mass. Employment Association for the fine work they did last year.
At the Rochester meeting, the President, Russell Makepeace, re- ported on a recent moth meeting,
PRUNfNG and RAKfNG - CRANBERRY BOGS
We have found in a good many bogs all that is necessary is raking to remove the dead vines, while in others it is necessary to prune and rake.
The C & L pruner and raker are fitted to do both efficiently and economically, raking from $4.00 to $6.00 per acre, pruning and raking from $18.00 to $18.00 per acre.
If yon desire to have your bog either raked, or pruned and raked, this Spring, we advise you to con- tact the C & L Equipment Company as soon as pos- sible. All indications are that we will have more work than we can possibly do this Spring.
F. F». CRANDON
1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-.S
H. C. LEONARD 191 Leonard Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 34.3.32
stating that some acreage in both Barnstable and Plymouth Counties ■ i need to be re-sprayed. The in- '■ " festations have been traced to acreas not sprayed, and he urged growers in adjoining counties to work to have their counties sprayed.
MASSACHUSETTS GROWERS HOLD LABOR MEETING
Massachusetts cranberry growers who anticipated they might need "imported" labor this season at- tended a meeting March 4 at the A. D. Makepeace office, Wareham, and heard representatives of Mas- J sachusetts Farm Bureau Feder- 'M ation and Massachusetts Division of Employment Security discuss types of contracts each was offer- ing. Nearly 25 attended, mostly larger growers. Frank Butler, chairman of the labor committee, appointed by Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, presided, and "Dick" Beattie is secretary.
It was pointed out the only out- side labor to be made available would be farm workers from Puerto Rico, the same as last year's highly successful program. Con- sensus of opinion seemed to be that none would be needed this spring or summer, with local labor appar- ently plentiful because of unem- ployment in New England mills. However, it was felt that with in- creasing defense work there prob- ably would be a need for the Puer- to Ricans by Fall.
James Mansfield represented the Mass. Division and Walter Viewig the Farm Bureau.
NCA PLANS FOR COQUILLE
Plans for increasing the facil- ities of the cannery at Coquille, Oregon, are under way by NCA. In that area a crop of around 15,- 00 barrels for '52 is anticipated, of which 12,000 will go to the canning plant. There are also plans to pack the Dietetic cranberry at Co- quille. It is announced this new product is taking on very well on the Coast. It was reported the food editor of the San Francisco Examiner mentioned the new sauce and received hundreds of phone calls as to where it could be ob- tained. Coquille already has much of the equipment that would be necessary for the packing.
Slzt»
JOE BROWN
Host on WBZ-TV'S
"DOWN TO EARTH" Show
Joe Brown, county agricultural agent for the Plymouth County (Massacuhsetts) extension service, is the first New England county agricultural agent to direct a regu- lar television program marking the initial steps of using television as a means of disseminating extension service information.
The "Down to Earth" program is carried over WBZ-TV, Boston, Channel 4, each Thursday at 9:30 a. m. Previously, the program has been viewed at 12:30 p. m., on the same day; but to assure a regular time on the day's program, the Massachusetts extension service television committee is promoting the program as a means of inter- preting agriculture, homemaking, and youth programs to the view- ing audience.
County Agent Brown, a regular contributor to the New England Farm Hour radio programs under the direction of Malcolm McCor- mack, was requested by Station WBZ to direct the new "Down to Earth" show and to serve as mas- ter of ceremonies for the telec^.st. The programs under his direction have been operating since Decem- ber 1, 1951; and it is expected that they will continue indefinitely.
Director James W. Dayton of the Massachusetts extension serv- ice has given full support to this experimental television project and views the experiences and results with enthusiasm as a means of
reaching thousands of people who othe)-wise could not be infor'jied.
In addition to extension servict personnel from county and state offices, farmers, homemakers 4-H club makers, and representatives of other agencies are used in the te'e- casts. Though no definite pattern of telecast has been fornrulated, it is generally agreed by the com- mittee that the program will be di- rected to the general viewing audience rather than to specific groups of commodity intei-ests.
Programs have included such subjects as "Know Your Extension Service", "Make the Best Bettc- in 4-H Club Work", "Apples Today and Tomorrow", "Your Milk Sup- ply", "Farm and Home Safety", "Christmas Greens", "Flowers in the Home", and "Home Conven- iences".
In commenting on the experience to date. County Agent Brown sum- marized the results when he said, "To me, television is a fast-moving series of interviews and dem'onstra- tions with an abundance of visual aids, preferably live subjects whenever possible; and it is amaz- ing how much material it takes for a half-hour program".
The producer is Wendell A. Davis of the WBZ television pro- duction staff. Malcolm McCormack of the New England Farm Hour
radion fame assists County Agent Br^wn in arranging' the protjriipi. Karle S. Carpentei-, visual aids specialist from the University of Massachusetts, contributes much to the program through making available visual aids and assisting with other details.
The committee in charge of the "Down to Earth" television show are . . . J. T. Brown, Plymouth County agent, chairman; Miss San- tina Riley, Norfolk County home dem'onstration agent; Mrs. Cosette Kane, Middlesex County assistant club agent; Robert B. Ewing, Ply- mouth County club agent; A. F. MacDougall, director, Middlesex County extension service; Earle S. Carpenter, specialist in visual aids. University of Massachusetts; and Charles E. Eshbach, director of the New England Extension Services Marketing Information office, Bos- ton.
Wind and water erosion takes not a "run of the mill" load of soil material, but the most fertile particles in the soil, according to the Soil Conservation Service. Soil scientists say that a cover crop which is pastured will not only hold the soil in place, but will also return to the soil about half as much more organic matter as one not pastured.
IRRIGATION
+ FLEX-0-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE
* RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS
* GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS
* SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS
Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Cp-, Mass.
Tel. Osterville 719
Seventeen
CI?ANBERRY INDUSTRY
(Continued from Page S)
Ml-. Dill was apparently Major; Scwai-d Dill and he is thought to have first planted at the town of Phillips in 1851, but on land not cleared. However, in 1857 he did prepare a bog and planted on muck three to 8 inches thick, and had tried to kill hardback by flooding, without success. He had obtained (uttings from West Bridgewater, and cuttings from William Fowle of Strong, Maine, and a "basket" of cuttings from Wells, Maine. He had found the Strong berries i-mall, those from Massachusetts "larger with runners'' and the cut- tings from Wells "in between."
He eventually marketed a var- iety which cam'e to be known as "Dills," probably from a native Maine selection, which for many years sold at premium prices in local markets.
These facts bring Maine into the cranberry picture prior to the Civil War. The story of the
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YOU SHOULD RECEIVE CRANBERRIES EACH MONTH TO HELP IN YOUR CRANBERRY GROWING
SPECIAL OFFER
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"Wing Bog," at Madrid Station, Phillips, Maine, which produced what was believed to be chiefly "Dills," was told in the August 1947 issue of CRANBERRIES.
The Alfred, Main Story
There were still other early bogs in Maine. Notably, was one at Alfred, supposedly also begun be- fore the war. This bog has long since run out, but there is bog building and in operation there now. The man who developed this old bog appears to have been a man of remarkable vision, harvest- ing on the flood, long before water- raking was conceived in Wisconsin, and handling the crop, in screen- ing and packing by factory-like methods. (This seems to be a fascinating cranberry story, which was told in December 1951 CRAN- BERRIES along with the present developments at Alfred.) Brewster Boom
Just as Harwich increased in cranberry holdings prior to the war, so did its next lower neigh- bor, Brewster, which had been set off from Harwich in 1803, because, it has been written, Brewsterites objected to having "all the money for roads spent up in the present Harwich section." No tax records are available befoi'e 1860, but in that year many are assessed for cranberry property actually nearly half, of those taxed at all, were taxed for cranberry property, 42 out of 102, assessed. Heading the list in size of bog is Dr. Samuel H. Gould who had 4% acres. Other large owners were the Win- Esjows, who had bogs at "High Brewster" and which also extended into Harwich at Pleasant Lake. There was William Winslow 4 acres, Nathaniel, 2%, Kenelm with 2%. Others included Nathan Cros- by, 3 acres, and Elisha Foster, 3.
The Smalleys
The first grower of Brewster is generally believed to have been Anthony Sm'alley, father of James A. Smalley, already mentioned as being- a pioneer in Plymouth Coun- ty. It has been noted in the 1859 list that J. A. Smalley led the production with 90 barrels and that year also raised 18 barrels in Den- nis.. His Brewster bog was at
West Brewster, just off Route 6, not far from the Dennis line. This was originally a peat swamp, and in earlier days the peat was cut for fuel. There was a large hole in the center, where the peat had been cut out.
James Anthony for a time had been employed in the Shiverick shipyards at East Dennis. His "Smalley Howes" variety came from Bassett's Swamp at East
Dennis, the same swamp which produced the Howe, developed by Eli Howes and his son, James Paine Howes.
Brewster growers of the earli- est days, it has been recalled by old cranberry men of the toviTi, gen- erally spread sand, but their sand- ing schedule was not as system- atical as it is on the best operated bogs today. Many of the earliest gave beach sand as first prefer-
While your bogs lie snug under a good Winter flood, take time to go over your insurance.
A good program of sound cover- age is better and cheaper than hit- or-miss scattered policies.
EBEN A. THACHER
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
\\wbaHfuUl
CKANSrnRIES
Are You Being Fair to Yourself?
If there was available to you a sales agency that obtains the top market prices, and combines this ability with minimum fees and unexcelled grower ser- vice, would you be fair to yourself if you did not investigate? There is such an agency. You are invited to make inquiries from INDIAN TRAIL.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
Nineteen
ence, in accordance with Mr. East- man's reconmiendation, especially when their bogs were close to the shore. Although frost flowing was done very early, it was not general, ''^ne reason was, not many had r;ccess to ponds or streams, and i'o.- nother Brewster is close to salt Vvuter. Bogs were not bothered muj:, by fall frosts.
(To be continued)
MUTUAL TO MEET MARCH 27
The Cranberry Growers' Mutual is to hold its first annual meeting, Thursday evening, March 27, at Wareham, (Mass.) Memorial Town Hall. This will open at 7:30 and the annual election of officers will take place.
It is hoped to have a panel discussion by representatives of American Cranberry Exchange, National Cranberry Association and other groups, as to marketing plans for 1952. Prof. Fred E. Cole, University of Massachusetts has also been invited as the prin- cipal speaker.
HILLER BOGS
(Continued from Page 8)
a start was made upon an addi- tional 15, but this has not been continued. Incidentally, the Killer's have put in about 600 blueberry plants and plan a total of about 5 acres. This plot is between two of the bogs, where they feel, the steam from the flooded vines will be of assistance on frost nights.
Near the old grist mill, there is a two-story screenhouse, with basement, the structure being about 100 by 40 feet. There are two Bailey Separators. A carload of cranberries has been packed in a day when sales were largely in quarters. The Hiller screening is still done there, but for celleo- phane, the fruit goes to the huge Beaton screenhouse at South Ware- ham.
For harvesting there is a crew of about 30, which mostly remains unchanged from year to year. As Mr. Hiller employs several men at East-Over he can use his farm workers on bog work at times and at other times some of his cran- berry workers in farming. There is a bog foreman, Tom Sunonium,
Twenty
himself a grower who has worked with the Killers many years and helped to build many of the bogs. However,, the Hillers, Howard and Lewis always do their own frost work.
As for the dairy farm, it is a pleasure to go into a big roomy barn, nrodernly-equipped with milk- ing machines. There are about milked at a time. He keeps a bull milked ata time. He keeps a bull or two and a Tom cat.
On the farm are five houses, four barns and office and storage rooms and of course a modern milk-house, where the product is prepared for retail routes in Mar- ion and Wareham. In his bog
work and dairy he uses the most improved practices. He has served his maximum time as Trustee, Plymouth County Aid to Agricul- ture (Extension Service) as Di- rector, Plymouth County Farm Bu- reau and during the war was a member of the AAA Plymouth County Committee. He is now a member of Plymouth County Dairy Committee, Agricultural Council, two cranberry committees and Di- rector at Large of the Massachu- setts Farm Bureau, from the Southern Area, which includes Barnstable, Bristol, Norfolk and Plymouth Counties. He is nearly always at the Rural Outlook Con- ference in Novmeber as cranberry
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Tel. Carver 95
HUBBARD
FERTILIZERS - INSECTICIDES
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER
Raymond Morse
West Wareham, Mass.
National Cranberry Association
Onset, Mass.
United Cape Cod Cranberry Company
Hanson, Mass.
Beaton Distributing Agency
Wareham, Mass.
George Briggs
Plymouth, Mass.
John Shields
Osterville, Mass.
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY
Portland, Connecticut
ESTABLISHED IN 1878
"delegate," and has frequently been in conference at the State Depart- ment of Agriculture. He is re- garded as one of the most popu- lar farm leaders in his state.
His Son to be Cranbery Grower
He is a member of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation and of the Southeastern Cranberry Club. He holds no town office in Rochester, except the an- cient and now relatively minor one of "fence viewer", (but for many years was a member of the finance committee).
With Mrs. Hiller he lives in one of the houses at East-Over. A daughter, Mrs. Richard Carr lives in another. His son, Robert, last year graduated from the Univer- sity of Maine and intends to con- tinue the work of his father and grandfather as a cranberry grower.
The Hillers have a summer cot- tage at Aucoot Cove, Mattapoi- set, not far away. There he has a Herreshoff and a motor boat. His hobby is boating and fishing.
How his Florida sweet corn venture will turn out, he probably
won't know until it is all over. to try to produce another crop of But he will be back, getting ready cranberries by the end of March.
TIME
and MONEY
in your
CRANBERRY
WORK • in
your HOME
I
Use ELECTRICITY
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
Meseisi«ci!:=8r5»es=ccsoeatic^^
Eatmor Cranberries
This cooperative is the property of cranberry growers just as the bogs are their property. It is owned by them and their neighbor members. It oper- ates solely to serve them. Anything that can be done to keep it strong — good times and bad — actually means that cranberry growers are helping themselves and their neighbors to greater success. A member has a real stake in his co-op — it's his business — and it will rise or fall depending on how he uses it.
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSEnS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative"
OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRY SAUCE IS A FAVORITE HOLIDAY DISH
FOR
EVERY
HOLIDAY
Next to Thanksgiving and Christmas Comes Easter
And Here's Why -
Easy to put together store displays like this near the meat department remind shoppers that cranberry sauce is good with the Easter ham and turkey.
Ocean Spray's nationwide advertising campaign suggests cranberry relishes for the Easter turkey — a glistening cran- berry glaze for the baked ham.
People want something special for a special day, some- thing to delight the eye and the taste, and something that's easy to serve.
Sure, They Want
Oceanjptoif
Be a Member of the Co-operative That's Building a Solid Year- Round Market for Cranberries
National Cranberry Association
Hanson, Massachusetts
(X) -8S-8W '^9^9uaiY
O T -". jt -r --. r«
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
2 4 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass.
Tel. AR 6-6100, 5-6101
INSECTICiDES
CHRYSLER
Industrial Engines
"HORSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
ELECTRICAL
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
IRRIGATION
i)iiiiDiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiniiDiiiiiiiiiiiiaiii]£
I SKINNER SYSTEM |
I IRRIGATION HEADS |
□ n
I CHAMPION Portable Tubing =
9 in Steel or Aluminum □
= Helpful Literature Gladly Sent =
1 GEORGE N. BARRIE f
I 33 Station Street |
= Brookline, Mass. =
□ o
-illDliiiiiitiiiiDiiiillllltllDilllllllllliaillllr;
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Two small bogs, both sanded this fall. Both with good water supply and good drainage.
Can be purchased separately, if desired. Contact
RALPH THACHER
Hyannis, Mass.
Bought and Sold
Barnstable County Bogs
For Sale — 10 acre bog with home and large lake acreage — 20 acres excellent bog open to ofl'er. Other listings needed.
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor — Main Street West Harwich — Tel. 1195
FOR RENT
POLLINATION
100 strong double decker col- onies of bees for rent. Orders taken now.
Bee-Wise and get an extra 10 barrels of berries per acre by using strong colonies of bees.
LEWIS KONCES
612 Pond Street
So. Weymouth, Mass.
Tel. Weymouth 9-381 1-W
= KEROSENE
i
J. W. Hurley Co.
• COAL
• NEW ENGLAND COKE
• FUEL OIL
Water White
-KEROSENE-
For BOGS
(METERED TRUCKS)
24— hour Fuel Oil Service
Telephone 24-2 149 Main St. WAREHAM
BE A SUBSCRIBER TO
CRANBERRIES
Classified Directory (Cont.)
VOLTA OIL CO.
Distributor of the Famous
TEXACO
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For your Bog
Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R
Plymouth, Mass. Hedge Road, North Plymouth
|
Attention Growers!! |
|
for your Spring weed control we offer |
|
water white kerosene "GRADE A" |
|
metered trucks Stoddard Solvent |
|
SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. tel. 93-J |
Water White KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
TANK TRUCK SERVICE
and
HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING
Arranged.
NATHAN G. ROBY
Carver, Mass.
Range and Fuel Oils TcL 95
Bottled Gas and Appliances
CULTIVATED BLUES
GROWING IN THE
STATE OF WASHINGTON
Cultivated blueberries have been increasing in importance in recent years in the State of Washington. Acreage harvested in 1948 was 220; in 1949 it was 240; in 1950 it was 260 and in 1951 it was 325 acres. Production rose accordingly over that period. About one half of the blueberry acreage is lo- cated in Pierce and King counties, although neither county had more
Two
than 100 acres in 1951.
Many other types of berries are raised in the State. These include strawberries, red raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, currents, blackcaps, boysenberries, logan- berries. However, from a dollar standpoint, it is estimated in 1951 that the value of the wild huckle- berry picked by people in the state was greater than any of the forementioned crops. (Horti- culture in the State of Washing- ton, U. S. D. A.)
Ceese to Be Used As Weeders On Cranberries
Vernon Goldsworthy Buys a Flock of the Birds, to Try Experiment at Thunder Lake Marsh, Wisconsin.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Vernon Colds- worthy of Wisconsin, ^vho is forever ex- perimenting with something or other, has come up with this new one for the cranberry industry — geese as weed kill- ers. He writes his flock is already to start work. The following account is from the newspaper at Three Lakes, Wisconsin.)
A unique deparlure In weed-kill- ing will be added to the activities on the Thunder Lake Cranberry Marsh at Three Lakes come spring.
A bit of old world charm will be silhouetted against the evening skyline as Indian boys head home- ward herding flocks of geese before them.
"Geese will be experimented with this spring in an attempt to cut the cost of weed control", an- nounced Vernon Goldsworthy.
"While the use of geese in weed control is not new in the cotton and tobacco industries, to my knowledge this is the first time in the history of the cranberry in- dustry that geese have been used", continued "Goldy" as he is known throughout the cranberry grow- ing circles of the state and nation.
Geese being strictly vegetarians by choice prefer the tender green shoots of the grass and weeds in early spring. When properly hand- led, they will graze over consider- able area with a low overhead cost to the grower.
Use of geese, of course, is limited to the early spring and late fall seasons as damage would result to fruit and vines during the sum- mer fruit season.
Strawberry growers throughout the United States are rapidly em- ploying these feathered weed pull- ers at considei'able saving in man- agement costs. Cotton growers, as well as tobacco growers, are high in their praise of geese. Strangely though, geese fail to continue their weeding once the plants grow be- youd the height where the bird can no longer see over the field, hence their service is limited in the cot-
(Continued on Page 4)
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The frost season is here again, and arrangenients have been com- pleted to send out frost warnings over the telephone and radio. The Cape Cod Cranben-y Growers' As- sociation is sponsoring the popular telephone relay system. If there are growers who are interested in this service and who have not re- turned their frost applications, please do so at once.
Three radio stations will be send- ing out frost warnings as a public service feature. We believe that this service is an excellent supple- ment to the regular telephone re- lay system. The following radio schedule has been prepared:
Growers realize, of course, that these frost warnings are intended to serve only as a guide. Dr. Franklin's frost formulas indicate the minimum temperatures likely to occur over average areas of the bogs in the cooler-than-average lo- cations— not the lowest tempera- tures that might be expected. We suggest that growers review the subject of frost as prepared by Dr. Franklin in his Bulletin 402, "Weather in Cranberry Culture", particularly pages 34 through 67. Dr. Franklin's Preliminary Keep- ing Quality Forecast has been mailed to growers through the County Agents' offices. It is as follows:
"In view of the weather factors up to March 26, it appears that the keeping quality of the Massa- chusetts cranberry crop for 1952 is likely to be good. This fore- cast may be modified by weather factors during the next three months. We know certain bogs
produce poor quality fi-uit regard- less of favorable forecasts. Special fungicidal treatments or holding the Winter water late are in order for such bogs."
We have a timely suggestion from Drs. Franklin and Cross, who tell us that this is the tim'e to treat grubs, poison ivy, chokeberry and wild bean using PDB Crys- tals and sand, as outlined in the new Insect, Disease and Weed Control Charts. Sodium Cyanide is also effective in controlling grubs, and there is less damage to the prospective crop, compared to the PDB and sand treatment.
E. L. Bartholomew, President of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association announcees that the regular Spring meeting of the As- sociation will be held April 24, 1952, at the Wareham Town Hall. The morning session will start at 9, when the doors will be opened for inspection of equipment and educational exhibits under the di- i-ection of Kenneth Garside. This has always proved to be a popu- lar feature of this meeting. A light lunch will be served at noon, followed by an excellent speaking program with Dr. Franklin in charge. President "Bart" Barth- olomew invites all cranberry grow- ers and their families to attend this meeting.
There is another special occa- sion that will be of interest to cranberry growers. On Wednes- day, May 7, at 1:30 p. m., the A. D. Makepeace Company will re- ceive the "Tree Farm Award" for outstanding achievements in forest management. There is only one
other recipient of this award in Plymouth County. It is a distinct honor and one that brings credit to the cranberry industry. The ceremony will take place at the A. D. Makepeace Company Mill in Tihonet Village, Wareham, Mass. Senator Edward Stone will be the master of ceremonies and will make the presentation. There will be exhibits of products manufac- tured from local timber, a short speaking program, and will con- clude with a forestry tour. All cranberry growers are cordially invited to attend the ceremony.
A new cranberry season is here, and with the increased activity around our bogs comes the possi- bility of serious accidents involv- ing personnel and equipment. Wouldn't it be in order to practice safety measures, even though it requires time and planning ? Ac- cidents are costly!
Massachusetts Bogs Change Hands
Massachusetts bogs are moving hands again, attesting to the better feeling in the industry.
Dr. Leonard V. Short of Lexing- ton has bought the bogs of the Walton E. Hall Estate, Duxbury, mangaed by Lincoln Hall.
Francis Merritt foreman of the Ellis D. Atwood Bogs in South Carver has bought the 7% acre bog of Martin Thomas, from his widow, Mrs. Mary Thomas, on Holmes St., ,in West Carver. This is a "side line" for Mr. Merritt, who will continue bog management of the Atwood properties.
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Station Place |
Dial |
Aft'n. |
Eve. |
||
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WBZ Boston |
AM |
FM |
2:30 |
9:00 |
wk.days |
|
1030 k. |
92.9-46-7 mg. |
9:30 |
Sundays |
||
|
WOCB West Yarmouth |
1240 k. |
94.3 mg. |
3:00 |
9:30 |
|
|
WBSM New Bedford |
1230 k. |
97.3 mg. |
3:00 |
9:00 |
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
TkfM
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Our first pickers sold in 1949, were $1,250. Then to encourage the N. E. S. Co., pool we reduced the price to §1,050 and there it has remained.
You know the cost of materials in 1952 are much higher than in 1949.
Magnesium, alunrinum, steel, rubber, motors have all raised in price, since 1949, and the Western Picker, Inc., has absorbed these price raises and not passed it on to you, as most other companies have. You also have a better ma- chine today than in 1949. Better built and easier in operation.
We feel we have been very fair with our customers and will con- tinue our policy of free service to first year buyers.
We hear remarks or complaints, that the Western Pickers is too high in price. Let us take some figures and see if that is true.
A grower with 15 acres of cran- berries producing 75 barrels to the acre will have 1,125 barrels. The cost of scooping would be $1,687.50 at $1.50 per barel. You pay for a Western Picker at §1,050 and have $637.50 over to pay for oper- ating the Picker and other ex- penses. If you have 50 barrels to the acre you can still pay for your Picker and have $75 over. We cannot see why the Western Picker is called an expensive machine, you pay for it with the money you have to pay out in any case.
(ADV)
Geese as Weeders
(Continued from Page 2)
ton and tobacco fields, Goldsworthy points out.
About six or seven geese per acre are employed and herded around rmich the same as livestock. This ability to herd geese is one of the factors which make them fav- orable to use on cranberry marshes, says Goldsworthy.
"Other users fence the areas and then tempt the birds to move across the field by placing grain or some other delicacy at the opposite end. However, at Thunder Lake, we will attempt to herd them around much the same as the Hol- landers do in an attempt to save the cost of fencing. In this way we can protect them from foxes, turtles or any other of the water animals which prey on water fowl," analyzed Goldy.
Comparative cost per acre of weed control enters into the final analysis as chemicals cost upward into the hundred to two hundred bracket to control wire grass and ■other weeds that prove bother- some in the growing of cranber- ries. The use of geese eliminates chemical weed killers and chemical fertilizers, he adds.
" A small breed of geese is used mainly for this type of work. We have a flock of 50 so-called Chin- ese geese, which weigh around ten pounds on the average. These are preferred to the larger Toulous variety since they don't damage the plants as rapidly", Goldsworthy explained.
Perhaps the time will come in the history of American conven- tions when we will find the wad-
dling goose synonymous with Thanksgiving and cranberries, in- stead of the now accepted turkey gobbler, Goldsworthy concluded.
TO DRY BERRIES ARTIFICIALLY
Vernon Goldsworthy at his Thunder Lake marsh in Wisconsin this year plans to experiment with drying some of his berries artifi- cially this year. He has made ar- rangements with a firm which dries grain artificially. The drying will be done at the marsh.
CRANBERRIES IN WASHINGTON STATE
Most recent issue of "Horticul- ture in the State of Washington," (U. S. D. A.) says of utilization of fruits in that state: "Most im- portant of the berries processed, from the standpoint of tonnage are the strawberries. The bulk of the crop is now quick frozen. Although not second in tonnage, cranberries rank high in importance. Direct canning or freezing to be canned later, takes most of the cranber- ries. Of the 1950 crop 175 tons were sold fresh, 1,225 processed. ('51 figures not available yet.)
BETTY BUCK AN SPEAKS ON A PANEL OF EXPERTS
Miss Betty Buchan of the Na- tional Cranberry Association was a speaker at the 2-day conference of the Industrial Editors' Associ- ation April 16-17 at the Hotel Bond, Hartford, Conn. She spoke on the afternoon of the 17th on a panel of experts on the subject, "Can you compete with T-V?" Her topic was, can a "trade jour- nal" compete in interest with T-V?"
PRELIMINARY (MASS.) KEEPING QUALITY FORECAST
On March 28 Dr. H. J. Franklin's preliminary keeping quality fore- cast for the 1952 Massachusetts crop was given out. It follows:
"In view of the weather factors up to March 26, it appears that the keeping quality of the Massachusetts cranberry crop for 1952 is likely to be good. This forecast may be modified by weather factors during the next three months. We know certain bogs produce poor quality fruit regardless of favorable forecasts. Special fungicidal treat- ments or holding the Winter water late are in order for such bogs."
Most important factor of those indicating a good crop was that the total sunshine of last year was below normal which is favorable to quality of fruit, although not of size of crop. What the final report will be will depend much upon the temperatures of March, April, May and June. March has gone and with highter than normal readings was on the unfavorable side.
Four
ISSUE OF APRIL 1952-VOL. 16. NO. 12
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943. at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
March, Warmer, Wetter
March was a month that came in like a lamb and went out even a little more lamb-like. It was warmer than normal, precipitation was slightly above normal. Rain- fall at the State Bog was recorded as 4.51 inches; a year ago record- ing was 4.50. Coldest day was on the second, with a reading of 13, while the warmest day was the 23rd with 55.
Each month since last October has produced more precipitation than normal.
More Bog Work
An unusually large amount of acreage was pulled out from under the Winter flood early this year, a week or ten days earlier than normal.
This was due in part to the mild weather and in part to the con- tinued optimism of the growers and a desire to get bog work done.
Sanding has been going on al- most everywhere, there being no comparison with the amount of work being done last year.
WISCONSIN
Was a Good Winter
Weather was beautiful the last two weeks of March and snow and ice were fast disappearing, and a general break-up of ice on bogs was anticipated by about April 15. Temperatures were in the 50's the last few days of March and there were two rather severe thunder- storms with a lot of rainfall.
All in all the past Winter was considered very good for the vines and oxygen damage sustained should be minor. Growers, how-
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN TO RETIRE
With reluctance CRANBERRIES magazine publishes the news that Dr. Henry J. Franklin, director of Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station at East Wareham will retire during this coming year, probably in the Fall. He reaches the retirement age on February 10th, 1953.
Dr. Franklin has been at the Station since September 1, 1909. He has devoted his entire life to cranberry work, and is today recognized as the foremost authority upon cranberry culture. Born in Guilford, Vernront, his college training was as entomologist and it was in that field that he did most of his first important work for the industry.
Since that time he has written many important bulletins upon many subjects pertaining to cranberries, including a number of insect publications and a notable work on weather in cranberry culture. When he first came to East Wareham, as the first "cranberry specialist" he was a solitary worker. Today at the station as associates are Dr. Fred- erick B. Chandler, soils; Dr. Chester E. Cross, weeds; Dr. H. F. Berg- man, U. S. D. A., a senior pathologist (part time at the station); State Cranberry Specialist J. Richard Beattie; cranberry specialists, "Joe" Kelley and George Rounsville.
CAPE GROWERS' SPRING MEETING APRIL 24
Annual Spring meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation is to be held Thursday, April 24 at Memorial Town Hall, Wareham. This is the gathering which many growers look forward to, as for the past several years, there has been an exhibition of cranbeiTy equip- nrent and supplies of many kinds.
This exhibition will be held in the morning, starting at 9, in the town hall basement and on the town hall grounds. Kenneth A. Garside of Duxbury is chairman of the committee in charge.
Lunch will be served by the Mom's and Dad's Club of the Metho- dist Church of East Wareham.
Following the lunch there will be a brief business session. Then the meeting will be turned over to Dr. H. J. Franklin and his staff at the Experiment Station for discussion of various phases of cranberry culture.
ever, are still waiting to see what damage was suffered during the late October freeze. There is bound to be sorrre damage, as in- jury was already reported before the marshes were put under for the Winter. In most cases the dam- age seems to have occurred on marshes which had been combed or pruned.
Long-Range Fertilizer Program
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany has set up a program with the Extension Service of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin pertaining to fertilizer research on the cranberry marshes of the state. This pro- gram will be in charge of Profes-
(Continued on Page 18)
Flv«
The Pine Region Hydrological Research Project for New Jersey
Jack McCormick
Botany Department
Rutgers, the State University of
New Jersey
Water has been rapidly becom- ing a critical factor in the thickly- settled areas of southern New Jer- sey and adjacent Pennsylvania. Eyes are now turning to the Pine Region, the last untapped source of supply. Water, and lots of it, is the life blood of the cranberry industry — and so there is an in- creasing concern among the cran- berry growers.
The Pine Region of southern New Jersey is a vast area of over a million acres blanketed with poorly formed pines and scrub oaks. Within this desolate vege- tation nestle the fertile, productive bogs of the cranberry growers, the sandy plantations of the blueberry growers, the ever-lighted buildings of the poultryraen, the noisy saws of the pulpwood cutters and crate- makers, and the quiet homes of the residents.
Clues Being Culled
In general, the quality of this forest is poor, the result of dis- appointment, disinterest and care- lessness. Wildfires kill or injure millions of trees annually making them worthless. Out of this de- vastation the forester has been able to cull clues that may eventu- ally lead to the development of a productive, profitable forest of nearly pure pine. By periodic, pre- scribed burning of relatively small areas the intensity of the fires will be considerably reduced, reducing injury to the pine trees; dry tin- der will be removed, lessening the danger of accidental fires; and by cuttings in connection with burns, the less valuable oak trees will be greatly reduced in numbers.
The artificial development of a chosen type of vegetation on so great an area involves many more factors than just the trees. A study must be made of the ecologi- cal implications of prescribed burning, that is, of the relation of living things to one another and to the new surroundings that m'an is desirous of creating. How will the bushes and herbs that grow beneath the trees be changed?
Sis
How will the water beneath the surface of the ground be altered? Will the animals inhabiting the area be benefited by better feeding conditions? Will the insect enemies and diseases of the cultivated cran- berry and blueberry find an ideal breeding place in the altered vege- tation? Will the bumblebee, polli- nator of the cranberry, be bene- fited or destroyed? At the present time no one can answer these questions or the multitude of others that have arisen and will arise. Parsighted civic, commer- cial, governmental and educational organizations including the cran- berry and blueberry growers have joined together to make possible research projects aimed at increas- ing our knowledge of the bearing of prescribed burning upon all phases of plant and animal life of thee Pine Region.
One phase of this research is designed to study the effects of and alteration of forest type on the reservoir of water that lies be- neath the surface of the sandy soil of the Pine Region. (This study is being initiated as a co- operative project between Rutgers, the State University of New .Jer- sey and the U. S. Geological Sur- vey.) Work is now under way. The first part of the work is to delimit the territory of the drainage areas or watersheds of three small streams located in the Lebanon State Forest. Soil diff^erences and similarities will be mapped on the areas to facilitate the comparison of forest plant comm'unities which will be measured quantitatively and qualitatively. These measure- ments will be made in such a man- ner that they can be repeated at any time after two of the water- heads have been prescribed burned. In this way an exact basis of com- parison will be established to meas- ure the changes in plant life on the area. These plants intercept rain- drops and hold snow on their bodies; they give off tremendous amounts of water to the atmos- phere. They affect their surround- ings in many other ways. By bal- ancing the data obtained before burning and from the burned or unburned watershed, with those
obtained fi'om studies several years before burning of the other two watersheds, scientists will be able to determine in which con- dition of forest growth benefits are greatest. A number of wells will be driven throughout the three drainage areas to measure fluctu- ations of the watertable, while gauging stations will be established I on the streanrs to determine any changes in stream flow during the study.
Within the past few months in- formation of general interest has been presented to the public by means of television broadcasts and panel discussions. The interest of other men of science has been aroused by a series of technical papers about the vegetation of the Pine Region and through a sym- posium before the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science at its Chi-istmas-time meeting at Philadelphia. Already entomologists have indicated a de- sire to study the long-range effects of burning on the population of insects, especially the bumblebees. Men interested in the management of wildlife have expressed the wish to begin field investigation of the relationship of an alteration of the vegetation to the deer and other animals in the Pine Region. Many other phases of research have been suggested and it is hoped that they, too, will receive the attention of the experts in various fields.
FOOTNOTE:
Mr. Jack McCormick holds the "Bar- rett Pine Region Fellowship" in the Botany Department, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. This fellow- ship was established by the Barrett Di- vision of the Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation in support of the Pine Re- gion Hydrological Research Project. Other groups including the American Cranberry Growers Association have con- tributed generously to the support of the program. The funds have been given to the University. The U. S. Geological Survey is matching all funds raised lo- cally. The total contributed in the first year of the project has been $2,225.00. In addition to the Barrett Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation and the American Cranberry Growers Association the following have con- tributed: Atlantic County Board of Agri- culture, Burlington County Board of Agriculture, Flintkote Co., Grower's Cranberry Company, Hammonton Co- operative Fruit Auction Association, New Jersey Blueberry Farmer's Association, Southern New Jersey Developmnt Coun- cil, and Miss Elizabeth C. White. The work is under the general supervision of Professor Murray F. Buell of Rutgers University and Mr. Henry Barksdale, U. S. Geological Survey, Ground Water Division, Trenton, N. J.
CRANBERRIES A GOOD BUSINESS TO BE IN SAYS GROWER OF LONG EXPERIENCE
"Herb" E. Dustin, Director of New England Sales Company, After 30 Years Would So Advise — Declares People Will Always Eat Fresh Cranberries of Good Quality. By CLARENCE J. HALL
"The cranberry industry is a good business to be in. I'm still con- vinced of that. Given quality fruit, at a reasonable price, people are always going to eat cranberries."
This is the opinion of Herbert E. Dustin of Rochester, Massachusetts, a director of New England Cranberry Sales Company for the past six years, and a grower with about 25 years experience behind him.
"I could honestly advise anybody to go into it," he continues, "if they keep their eyes open, really know what they are doing and are willing to work. Cranberry growing has been pretty good to me. But you've got to know what it is all about, especially if you start without much capital and do a lot of the work yourself. It's not the easiest of occupations to choose."
Started With Little
And, in a way, that would sum up his experience as a cranberry man. Starting more or less on the proverbial shoestring and then working hard — often very hard — he finds his career has been one he has enjoyed and can recommend to others. A young-looking 52, he now operates about 100 acres of bog for himself and others, and from this acreage has produced as much as 5,000 barrels a year. Dur- ing this time he has trundled wheel-barrows of sand, built and repaired flumes, built bog for him- self and others and sat un night after night during many a frost season.
However, Mr. Dustin didn't act- ually start with nothing in the cranberry business. His father owned a bog. Mr. Dustin, Sr., started by building two aci'es with two partners and enlarged it, be- fore his death, to about 18 acres. It is on this bog which "Herb" has
now made into one of 25, that he got his cranberry start, and it is one of those which, as part owner, he still operates. His father, El- mer Alton Dustin, came to Massa- chusetts from Antrim, New Hamp- shire, where he was a blacksmith. His two partners in the bog which they built off County St., in Ro- chester in about 1900, were Rudolph Weller and Ernest Hath- away.
Dustin's father had continued his occupation as a blacksmith in Mas- sachusetts and was employed at the then large, and prosperous Tremont Nail Company at West Wareham and also at the Parker Mills (nail) Company at Ware- ham. He, himself, therefore did not give much attention to the bog. First Hathaway and then Mr. Wel- ler managed the operations. As their finances improved more acreage was put in. It was set to only Early Blacks and Late Howes.
"Herb" was born in Rochester,
October 4, 1899, this being in a section called Pierceville, but in many ways the area is more closely associated with Wareham. The Dustin house is just over the town line from Wareham. One side of County Street at this point is in one town and the other side in the other. Dustin attended school at Pierceville. After this he learned the machinist's trade at Tremont and then, for some years was a crane operator at the Keith Car (freight) Manufacturing Company at Sagamore on the Cape. Began Cranberry Growing About
1920
In about 1920 this large plant was closed down and dismantled, the Cape losing one of its most famous industries and Dustin turned to cranberry growing.
Quite naturally he had always known of cranberries, as Pierce- ville is pretty much of a cranberry neighborhood, and from his ex- periences on his father's bog, where he had picked cranberries by hand as had most other boys of those years — at least, at times.
He entered the employ of the Slocum-Gibbs Cranberry Company, and also began adding to his fath- er's bog area, for himself, and building bog for others. He in- creased the Dustin bog property until it became its present 25 acres and also building 10 acres which are his own. His own is adjacent to what is known as "Pig Hill Road." This is by an ancient Ind- ian Cemetery, there being Indian headstones there.
He worked on a bog built for the late Bion C. Merry, former Ware- ham Superintendent of Schools, a
USE
AGRICO : /oi* Cranberries
A QUALITY FERTILIZER FOR A QUALITY CROP
For the name of your nearby Agrico Agent Call or Write
The AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
North Weymouth, Mass. or Harold L. Eldridge, 64 Gibbs Ave., Wareham, Mass.
Telephone Weymouth 9-2640 Tel. Whm. 168-W
9fven
))roperty of about 20 acres, and, which is near "Old Tuck," a cran- berry property of long standing. This bog today is the property of the son of Mr. Merry, Perley and his wife, Catherine, who live in Manhassett, Long Island. Mr. Merry is with the Van Heusen Shirt Company, and Dustin has charge of this property.
When Dustin's father died a few years ago the original Dustin bog was kept in the family and owned by one brother, three sisters and himself and is known as the "Es- tate" bog. This he operates for the estate. He also is in general charge, under Ruel S. Gibbs of Wareham, former president of N. E. Cranberry Sales Company; the Slocum-Gibbs properties mak- ing up about 45 acres.
Handles About 100 Acres
These make up the 100 acres which he handles -and all are in Rochester in the general neigh- borhood of his home. He lives in a house he had built next to that of his father.
His crops are harvested by scoop, by labor which comes to him year after year, or which he some- times recruits from Providence. These recruits are mostly steva- dores, and he uses 35 or 40 work- ers, about three quarters of them are men. He says he has found no real trouble in getting sufficient harvesters, and his crew is made up pretty much of the same menr- bers year after year. He was not one of those who last Fall found it necessary to use the Puerto Rican farmers.
Berries from his own, and the estate bogs are screened in a screenhouse he had built at the Indian Hill bog on the Sippican River and it is from branches of this river that he draws his water into reservoirs. The warehouse he built in 1948 is a wooden structure 40 feet by 50. The building has three layers of insulation between the inside and outside walls. He designed the screenhouse so that ducts would give excellent circu- lation, letting cool air in at the sides and foul air out at the top. He is insistent upon quality fruit and knows the importance of giv- ing every possible aid to this fac- tor while berries are in storage.
Elfht
Thre Bailey separators make up his screening equipment and he can put out 100 barrels a day. That part of his crop which is to be cellophaned he sends to N. E. Sales Company packing house at nearby Tren.'ont or to Plymouth.
In producing his crops he uses helicopters and ground dusters. He believes thoroughly that bees assist greatly in pollination and keeps ten swarms. "I can say from knowledge that bees help a lot. Where bees are thickest, you get the most berries." He also favors birds around his bogs to assist in his insect control and there are bird houses all around.
Is Recognized as "Practical Cranberry Man"
His abilities as a practical cran- berry man ai-e well recognized. He has assisted Dr. Franklin in dust- ing at the State Bog and has built flumes for Dr. Franklin when he operated the Lowell Cranberry Company bog at Carlisle. His rec- ord is attested to further by the fact he has maintained an aver- age crop per acre of 55 barrels for the past five years.
One thing Mr. Dustin would con- sider himself to be, is a "quality fruit" man. There is no substitute for quality fruit, he is convinced. Also he is primarily a "fresh fruit" man. All things being equal, he would probably rather see the cranberries he raises going to the fresh fruit market — as berries of good quality, "beautiful berries" so- to speak than in cans. How- ever, he is forced to the conclu- sion that a large part of the cran- berry crop of the country will be going to the consumer processed. He, like many another, recognizes the consumer demand for a ready- to-serve product — "out of a can." In his opinion, nevertheless, "I cannot see the fresh fruit market vanishing. I don't believe it ever will. Some people will always want their cranberries fresh and not processed, to make their own sauce, and all those ever-increasing variety of new uses for fresh fi-uit."
Mr. Dustin has two daughters, both married, Jeanne (Mrs. Harvey MacNeill) whose husband is em- ployed at the Tremont Packing
House of New England Sales, and Eloise (Mrs. iDavid Fraher) of Parkwood Beach, Wareham. Mrs. Fraher is an honor graduate of Boston University. He has three grandchildren, Herbert and Gary MacNeill and Michael Fraher. His wife, the former Ethel Burgess of Fall River, passed away in 1949. Affiliations
He is a member of the Rochester finance committee. He is a thirty- second degree Mason, member of Aleppo Temple, Boston, and a Past Patron of Agawam Chapter, Eastern Star, Wareham and a member of the East Rochester Con- gregational Church.
Likes FMshing as Hobby
Many a cranberry grower is an ardent sportsman, and "Herb" Dus- tin is among that number. He has a Summer cottage at Cromesett Point, Wareham, where he spends as much of the year as possible. He likes any kind of fishing, salt water or fresh, and also hunting. He goes after all kinds of game and has made trips to New Hamp- shire and Nova Scotia for deer. He owns a boat which he keeps at his cam-p, and much of the time dur- ing the Summer will find him out of doors, engaging in some form of sport.
As a long-time member of NECSCO, and currently director, he has been closely watching mar- keting conditions, especially fresh, through the years. He says he is much pleased with the turn of affairs the past year, and is look- ing forward to many more good years for the industry, while he enjoys life with his family and many friends.
ANNUAL MEETING OF
NECSCO APRIL 17
CARVER TOWN HALL
Annual meeting of the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany is to be held Thursday, April 17, as usual at Carver Town Hall. Meeting will open at 10 a. m., and at noon there will be luncheon.
Reports of officers of the cor- poration and of American Cran- berry Exchange will be heard. Election of officers, directors, dele- gates to ACE and NCA will be held.
SOME PERTINENT SUGGESTIONS AT MUTUAL MEETING
First Annual Session of Mas- sachusetts Group Brings About Interesting Discus- sion — Re-elect Entire Slate of Officers.
That independent distributors of cranberries use some form of al- location of the crop (in Massachu- setts perhaps through Cranberry Growers' Mutual); the long-term anticipation of consumer trends; that a definite date be set for first shipment of cranberries, to avoid green berries in the market, were three suggestions brought out at the first annual meeting of Cran- berry Growers' Mutual, Wareham Town Hall, March 27. These ideas were those of Harold E. Bryant, ACE, M. L. Urann, NCA and G. T. Beaton, Beaton's Distributing Agency, respective^".
More than 100 acreended this meeting, the program of which in- cluded a panel discussion, with Mr. Bryant, Mr. Urann, Mr. Beaton, Orrin G. Colley, Cape Cod Cran- berry Cooperative, Inc., and John Decas of Decas Bros, taking part; a talk upon achievements of Fresh Fruit Institute by its president, Russell Makepeace and Robert Knox (New York office); an ad- dress by Prof. Frederick E. Cole, University of Massachusetts and election of officers.
Re-elect All Officers
In the election the entire slate was chosen to serve another term. Officers are: president, Nahum B. Morse, East Freetown; vice-presi- dent, Ernest Shaw, Carver; secre- tary, Chester Robbins, Onset; treasurer, W. E. C. Warr, Jr., Wareham, the four and the follow- ing make up the board of directors; Alfred L. Pappi, Wareham, Arthur Handy, Cataumet; Charles Savary, Cotuit; John S. Shields, Osterville; Robert Hammond, East Wareham; Louis Sherman, Plymouth, L. B. Billings, Kingston.
Allocation Duty of Growers
Opening speaker, Mr. Bryant said he thought that of all the mar- keting problems of the growers, allocation was the most important;
Officers of the Mutual; standing, left, President Nahum B. Morse; right, Vice-President, Ernest Shaw; seated, left Treasurer, W. E. C. Warr, Jr., and Secretary, Chester Robbins. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
that this be a proper one between fresh and processed to suit the con- ditions of the year. This matter of allocation is strictly the "job" of the grower, he said. "You growers will want the advice and recom- menations of the sellers, but the real job is yours. If there is a shortage you've got to determine what part of your berries goes to each market. It costs you money to overflood either market or to deprive either market of a suffi- cient supply."
He noted that the Growers' Council will allocate the proportion of its members, the two major co- ops. "Why not have the non-mem- bers, the independents in some way make the same approach as the Council does? These other agencies could perhaps be directed, or advised by the Mutual as to achieving a proper balance."
Speaking to the members, he added, "This is your duty, your obligation — don't give it up."
As concerns this year's Council allocation, he recalled that more berries went processed last year than fresh and he hoped more of the '52 crop might go fresh, but this should be determined fairly by quality and market conditions as they are foreseen. At present it is too early to say what allocation may be desirable.
Urann Would Look to Future Mr. Urann said he completely agreed with Mr. Bryant as to the importance of allocation, but that he would go beyond that. "The real question for us is not for a single year, but to look ahead so that we can sell a 1,000,000 or a 1,500,- 000 barrels to best advantage as between fresh and processed. The more berries we sell the more
Nin*
money we get. Consumers today are more conscious as to how they spend their money. There are many surpluses of commodities. We must give the consumer what she wants, a quality product and in the form she wants it.
"Our real question is to build a stabilized market in the years to come — to see to it that a market for cranberries lasts, to build our industry so that it will be safe and profitable forever."
Must Be Qaulity— Colley
Speaking on packaging Mr. Col- ley said the growth of the super- market type of retailing has prac- tically ended the sales of fresh cranberries in quarter-barrel boxes as all growei's are now aware. "Packaging can be done either at the point of production as we do with cranberries, or at the point of distribution as with, for in- stance, meats. To package at the point of distribution throws a tremendous amount of responsibil- ity upon the producer. We didn't formerly have to be too concerned over a few soft berries, when we shipped in bulk. But today a few poor quality berries can kill a sale and also repeat sales.
"As to the type of package best suited for cranberries, I really don't know. Cello has probably more eye appeal and is cheaper than window boxes. But some dis- tributors perfer the cello, others the window box."
He concluded that the future of packaging is in giving the consum- ing public what it really wants and that the most important thing of all is that cranberries be a real quality product, so they will sell and sell again. Warns Against "White" Berries
Mr. Beaton said there has been much talk of quality for fresh fruit, but this qaulity is just as important for processed, also and especially in a whole sauce, which must have good color. He said he felt the Cape excelled all areas in raising good colored cranberries. He cautioned against shipping white berries in any form, and re- ferred to last year's early ship- ments, some of which were too light for the market and nearly wrecked the early buying.
He then said he saw no point in each agency trying to beat the other in getting on the market first and made the suggestion that
possibly a date could be set, prior to which no berries would be ship- ped fresh. This would be done by some authority qualified to judge when the first berries were fit to ship, and, he said, he saw no harm even if a considerable number of cars or trucks were sent off to market on that single date, in fact "it might be a good thing."
There is not much difference in keeping quality between cello and window boxes, he said, and ber- ries will normally color no matter how they are packed. He took is- sue with statements that the wood- en box is entirely going out, as he said there is demand from quantity users, such as hospitals, prisons, big hotels.
He said he wanted to make a statement as to the Mutual, that he had in doubt as to what it was accomplishing, but after seeing the attendance there that evening, with the number of growers gathered, he was sure it was accomplishing a great deal.
F. O. B. Pricing
Mr. Decas spoke on F. 0. B. prices. He said:
"I believe there is a definite
(Continued on Paffe 12)
Mutual panel group; left to liglit, Marcus L. Urann, John Decas, Orrin G. Colley, G. T. Beaton; speaking, Harold E. Bryant, partly obscuring Russell Makepeace from the camera's view and President Nahum Morse. (CRANBERRIES photo)
Ten
^dit^als
Vol. 16 - No. 12 ISSUE OF APRIL 1952
[^ *;;^Hum*8««,<tesjH^
A REAL JERSEY WATER PROBLEM
VI/'E feel exceedingly privileged to publish the article, "The Pine Region Hydro- logical Research Project in New Jersey" in this issue. To the cranberry growers of that state this water question is considered of vital importance. It could mean the ending or near ending of cranberry grow- ing in Jersey.
Some growers there with whom we have talked believe the threat is immed- iate; others that it is of more concern to the growers of the future. It seems that "The Pines" of New Jersey is losing its isolation — and rapidly. The cranberry men fear there is too much encroachment or threat of encroachment by industry, with the heavy demands many industries make upon water supplies. They fear the loss of water to residential development. They know that the heavy cutting of pulp- wood is damaging water sources, necessary to the growers of cranberries and blue- berries.
The whole matter has been a main sub- ject of discussion at several meetings of the American Cranberry Growers' Association. We do not feel the growers wish in any way to stop progress. But neither do they want to see the cranberry industry taken away from them. They are trying to find a solution suitable to all. The seeking of this solution is being gone about in a high- ly intelligent and commendable way.
We know the cranberry industry as a unit does not want to see Jersey eliminated or nearly eliminated. Many of the grow- ers there are and have been for several vears trying to obtain better production. We will present interviews with four of these in coming issues.
T'HE Cranberry Grower Mutual of Massa- chnsetts has completed its first year, and if it has not done anything else it has provided a forum where, upon occasion, representatives of cooperatives and inde- pendent distributors can get together and talk over cranberry marketing. We be- lieve the Mutual has accomplished more than this, but this is important — it was said even this could not be done.
But now there have been several such sessions, a notable one being the annual meeting reported elsewhere in this issue. The distributors, in friendly fashion (with
CRANBERRIBS - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription 13.00 per year
Advertisine rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barn.stable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Pemberton, New Jersey
Station
hostilities, if any, below the surface), dis- cuss various angles of marketing in the presence of as many growers or the public as care to attend. The growers learn a great deal. They have the opportunity to ask any distributor, independent or co- operative, any question they see fit. Cul- tural matters are not brought up. these be- ing left in Massachusetts for meetings of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and the four cranberry clubs. It's the sell- ing end that is all important.
Note two of the suggestions made : one that non-members of Growers' Council find some means of making a logical allocation for independent berries, and another that no cranberries be shipped before a certain set date, to prevent light fruit from being placed on the market. Seems like there might be merit somewhere in these ideas.
Eleven
Mutual Meeting
(Continued from Page 10)
trend towards that kind of market- ing and we should do whatever we can to develop it. Plans for a strong fresh fruit market through- out 1952 should be, and probably are, in the making. We have a well organized advertising program to stimulate consumer demand and in my opinion we need a program to stimulate firm and orderly move- ment of fresh cranberries into our markets. I think the answer could be F. 0. B. pricing. Of course, I realize that all berries cannot be priced at shipping point, but the time has come for us to con- centrate on F. O. B. sales — other- wise we could find ourselves out in left field.
"As you know, Decas Bros, is not a large shipper — we handle just so many berries and not many of them are shipped to jobbers — that is the reason we have been doing a satisfactory marketing job for our growers. We have also had the good fortune to make some excellent connections, especially with some of the Chain stores, and they always buy F. O. B. Decas Bros, has only two jobbers and they did a fine job in 1951.
"There are always the uncertain- ties— but in any event the shippers have a responsibilty to the grow- ers to do everything they can to see that they get an adequate price for their berries. We will be in a better position to keep the growers posted and give them some idea of the returns we expect to make on their berries if the ber- ries are shipped F. O. B. The pro- cessors have their objectives — the fresh fruit shippers must have their's also.
"Last year we cooperated fully, as did other shippers, and by all working together we had a stabil- ized market. This year we can go further, we can start building con- fidence in the fresh cranberry in- dustry anrong the jobbers, brok- ers, and wholesalers, — no more weak approach to our marketing seasons and holding back waiting for the price to break. We can help to create the demand! Naturally there will be peaks and slowing down of the trade — but with F. O. B., pricing I believe you will
find a healthier fresh fruit mar- ket."
Makepeace Explains Institute
Russell Makepeace told of what the Fresh Fruit Institute had ac- complished in obtaining publicity for fresh cranberries during its first year. He mentioned it was originally made up of American Cranberry Exchange, Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Morse Brothers of No. Attleboro, Decas Bros, and Anthony DeMarco of New Jersey, and that since its formation two more units have been added, Habelman Bros, of Wisconsin and Cape Cod Cranberry Company of Plymouth.
He explained that the idea behind the institute was that if a group of growers could be gotten together desirable cranberry publicity could be obtained in various media, magazines of general interest, trade magazines, daily and weekly newspapers, television and radio. He said each member was assessed 2 cents a quarter or 8 cents a bar- rel. To a question, he replied that better than 90 percent of fresh fruit marketed was now rep- resented in the Institute.
In setting up the Institute he said Robert Knox, formerly editor of ACE "Cranberry World", was selected as New York manager be- cause he had an advertising agency and knew cranberries.
He presented Mr. Knox, who with slides showed how much pub- licity had been obtained, naming some 13 magazines with individual circulation as high as 4% million. Services of clipping agencies had been obtained, and, he said, liter- ally "baskets-full" of clippings had been received and that fresh cran- berry publicity had blanketed the country as never before. Professor Cole
Prof. Cole told the membership that in all farm organizations two things were of great importance for success, one is selection of the proper ofliicers and the other is membership relations.
In such an organization as the Mutual, he declared even though all members were in competition with each other in selling their crops, they can accomplish a great deal by working together. "It takes high intelligence to under-
stand the need to cooperate and you growers have the responsibility to take the time, and have the understanding to do this."
As an expert on marketing of fruits and vegetables, he said that a grower does not want too high a price at the start of the season — that it is not the opening price which counts, but the building up to a "peak." He stressed the necessity for a complete distrb- ution and for quality. He men- tioned the pre-cooling of cranber- ries. Also, that perhaps frequent buying in small quantities by re- tailers might keep the product fresher, than though a large quan- tity was kept in a store under im- proper temperatures for best keep- ing.
Other brief speakers were Cran- berry Specialist J. Richard Beattie and E. L. Bartholomew. At the recess cranberry cocktail was served by NCA.
New President Is Journalist and Cranberry Grower
William F. Huflfman, Jr., Recently Made Head of Wisconsin State Cranberry- Growers' Association, Fol- lows Father's Footsteps. William F. Huffman, Jr. of Wis- consin Rapids, Wisconsin, is that rather rare combination, as was his father before him, of being a journalist interested in cranber- ries, or to put it the other way,
Twelvt
& cranberry grower interested in journalism.
Mr. Huffman was elected presi- dent of the Wisconsin State Cran- berry Growers' association for a one-year term on January 16 of this year. This obviously gives him a position of some importance within the cranberry industry. In case there is confusion within the mind of any reader, with so nrany cranberry organizations, the Wis- consin association corresponds to the Cape Cod Cranben-y Grow- ers' Association in Massachusetts, or the American Cranberry Grow- ers' Association of New Jersey.
He was born June 2, 1924 at Wis- consin Rapids, attended grade schools there and was graduated from Lincoln High at the Rapids in 1942. He received a bachelor of science degree in agricultural journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in February, 1950. He saw three years with the U. S. Army, 1943-45 and was in the European Theatre 22 months, 1944-45.
He is the secretary of Huffman Farms, Inc., with 35 acres in cran- berries at Biron, Wisconsin. His mother, Mrs. Louise Huffman is president. This property was founded in 1939 and developed by his father, William F. Huffman, Sr., who died in September 1949, and who was well-known in the cranberry industry and in news- paper and radio circles. The fore- man at Biron is Donald Whitrock and the assistant foreman is Mar- vin Taschner.
In marketing affiliations the Huffman Farms, Inc., is a member of Cranberry Growers', Inc., which sells its fresh fruit under the label of "Indian Trail."
Mr. Huffman, Jr., is at present a reporter on the Wisconsin Rap- ids Daily Tribune of which his father was editor. "Bill" Huffman devotes the major part of his time to the newspaper business and is also working at radio station, WFHR of the Rapids, and at the Huffman Farms.
He is married to the former Phyllis Jean Rasmusson, Wauwa- toba, Wisconsin, which is a suburb of Milwaukee and Mr. and Mrs. Huffman have one daughter, Polly Mae 19 months old.
He comments, as president of the Wisconsin State Cranberry Grow- ers' Ass|ociation that Wisconsin Growers might take note, that "the association could sure use the $3 menrbership dues."
Cranberries, Forty Years After
EDITOR'S NOTE: The following inter- esting article is the substance of a talk before Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers* Association, August 15, last. Dr. Peltier is technical consultant for Cranberry Growers, Inc., of Wisconsin Rapids, marketing under the trade name "Indian Trail".)
By George L. Peltier
On August 15, 1911, as an Agent in Entomology in charge, of cooperative work between the Wisconsin Agricultural Experi- ment Station and the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, I presented a paper on "Recent Investigations
of Cranberry Insects" before your association. Returning to address you after 40 years, what have been some of the major changes and ad- vancement in cranberry culture
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT | |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON. MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
8-3050 |
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Murray Hill |
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156 E. 44th Street. |
2-6490 |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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Greenfield |
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6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES. Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison | |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
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Topaz |
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2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
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Tel. Carver 64-11
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Thirte««
during this interlude ?
Of course the most impressive change is that of manpower vs. the machine. In the old days bogs were literally carved out by hand, a slow and back breaking pro- cedure by cheap and many times unreliable labor. The expansion of established bogs or carving out new ones was a major undertaking involving a matter of several
years. Today with bulldozers, shovels, and numerous other nrech- anical devices, it is really amazing how many acres of raw marsh can be prepared for cultivation in one season with a minimum of human effort, although it may be presumed that the total cost per acre of planted beds is greater than under the hand system.
Another growing season is underway- You will have one less worry if your Insurance is in capable hands.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL
DUSTING AND SPRAYING
NORWOOD, MASS.
Basically Culture Same
Basically the cultural practices are much the same today, as well as the numerous hazards of weath- er and weeds, pests and prices. Two of the old hazards however, have been almost forgotten, i.e. fire and lack of water. Through the years by better overall cultural procedures, the elimination of some hazards, inTprovements in the con- trol of pests, and by judicious use of fertilizers, yields have more than doubled and could be trebled if all the growers would utilize to the fullest extent the informa- tion and "know-how" available.
So far as varieties are concerned the natives are gradually yielding to the named varieties. During my Summers at the old Cranberry Ex- periment Station, (1908-11) all of the then known named varieties were on test, as well as many se- lections from native vines. Of the latter only one stands out today, i.e. the selection developed by An- drew Searles, a variety making up quite a substantial amount of the present acreage. Of the named varieties MacFarlines and Howes seemed to have best withstood the test of time.
Speaking of names, it is of ex- treme interest to note that the sons, grandsons and in a few in- stances even great grandsons of the early pioneers, still carry on — Searles, Bennetts, Potter, Whites- ley and others — while but few nanres such as Gaynors have dis- appeared from the list of the pio- neers. In the Summer of 1908 a recent graduate of the University of Minnesota served on appren- ticeship at the old experiment sta- tion and later was to inaugrate the movement of cranberry culture into Northern Wisconsin. I refer of course to Charles Lewis. Weeds Long-Range No. 1 Problem
Owing to the nature of the areas surrounding the planted areas, na- tive marsh grasses, reeds, rushes, shrubs and even upland weeds have plagued the grower over these many years. In my estimation weeds are still the number one long range problem. True at the turn of the century hand weeding could be afforded at the prevailing wage of one dollar per 10 hour
Fourtctn
day. The introduction of mechani- cal clippers was made possible with the advent of small, light gasoline engines, which have served well in holding down the height of weeds and preventing seed forma- tion, but at best it is only a make- shift, until a program of success- ful weed eradication is possible. Perhaps within the present decade, synthetic chemical compounds will be discovered, with enough se- lectivity or specificity in their ac- tion to kill weeds without injuring the vines. While a nun^er of herbicides are now available, none are as yet selective enough to war- rant extensive weed eradication on planted areas.
Fertilizer Information Meager
After looking over the data at the College of Agriculture collected over a period of 50 years on fer- tilizers for cranberries, one is as- tounded at the meagerness of usable information. The main rea- son for this state of affairs is the fact that the soil composition of bogs is not uniform, as the under- structure may consist of deep or shallow peat of different origins, while others have admixtures of muck, and sand. In fact there is no such thing as a homogenous soil structure on any bog in Wisconsin. The same statement, in some in- stances, would be even true of in- dividual sections. Owing to these extreme variations, it is obvious why fertilizer tests have failed to yield consistent data, the results of which could be applied uni- versally.
The need for soli amendments, micro-elements and inorganic fer- tilizers is imperative for increas- ing yields of high quality fruit, but apparently each grower must be able through tests and observa- tions determine his own needs sec- tion by section on the basis of the soil understructure.
Organic Insecticides
With the introduction of organic insecticides in the last decade, the use of inorganic chemical poisons has largely disappeared, because the newer synthetic compounds have proven to be much more ef- fective, when applied at the proper time. Although the total losses from insects are not as high as
' B^^^^^^^»^ U 9^^^^0
chanberr/es
IT'S JUST BUSINESS ARITHMETIC!
A sales agency devoted wholly to Wisconsin cran- berries PLUS proven performance in good and bad years PLUS top market prices MINUS minimum cost to growers PLUS complete and unexcelled grower service EQUALS the sensible answer for Wisconsin cranberry growers — INDIAN TRAIL.
For those with both memwiy and foresight.
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Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
- PRUNING and RAKING - CRANBERRY BOGS
F. P. CRANDON 1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD 191 Leonard Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 34332
We have found in a good many bogS all that is
necessary is raking to remove the dead vines, while |
m
in others it is necessary to prune and rake. i
The C & L pruner and raker are fitted to do both |
efficiently and economically, raking from $4.00 to i
$6.00 per acre, pruning and raking from $15.00 to |
$18.00 per acre. |
If you desire to have your bog either raked, or |
pruned and raked, this Spring, we advise you to con- |
tact the C & L Equipment Company as soon as pos- i sible. All indications are that we will have more work than we can possibly do this Spring.
FiftMo
formerly, yet they are still too high in spite of more effective in- secticides and improved equipment
for their application. Intimate knowledge of the seasonal sequence of the insect pests plus proper
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM
USE
RYANiA
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
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BOG PROPERTY
I Near Carver Line in Middleboro, Mass. App. 22 I aci-es bearing Bog, Reservoir, Pump Houses, Packing
House, Foreman's House, Bog Equipment, Swamp and
Timberland total app. 200 acres.
Also app. 12 acres in Manomet (Plymouth), Mass., with Packing House, Foreman's quarters, and Bog equipment.
For particulars write or phone:
HARRISON F. GODDARD,
RFD Box 208, Carver St. Carver 12-3 Middleboro, Mass.
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timing of insecticide applications will reduce losses to a minimum.
Two problems have been encoun- tered recently with the use of or- ganic insecticides that must be carefully considered by the grower: (1) the development by selection of resistant strains of insects to these potent insecticides and (2) the total destruction of natural insect parasites.
The only fungicide that has come through more than 50 years of effective service is Bordeaux mixture, which can be labeled "old faithful" since annual applications at the proper time will hold dis- eases to a minimum. The incidence of leaf spots and particularly fruit rots rises and falls with certain environmental factors, which of course cannot be predicted in ad- vance.
False Blossom Mystery
False blossom in the early years was a mysterious and insidious dis- ease that took its toll of native vines. This disease was the sub- ject of my senior thesis, although it was exactly 25 years (1935) later that the true nature of false blossom was discovered together with the vector (blunt nose leaf hopper) which transmits the dis- ease from vine to vine. The re- duction of this vector by proper insecticides has now reduced false blossom to a minor disease in most bogs and is no longer a matter of major concern.
At the turn of the century hand picking predominated. Raking was a suplementry operation, consist- ing primarily in harvesting low yielding or wet sections. With the advent of improved rakes and methods of harvesting, there dis- appeared one of the long standing social customs i.e. the nightly en- tertainment of the family groups who made up the picking crews. Within a few years I visualize the efficient machine picker which in turn will supplant the hand rakes. Thus as in all phases of our daily contacts the "machine" marches on, at the expense of the many simple pleasures and intimate associations that used to accompany the labo- rious tasks on cranberry bogs.
Sixteen
Cranberry Growers:
STOP INSECT AND DISEASE PESTS
With These Outstanding Du Pont Chemicals
MARLATE' Insecticide
controls insects the safe way.
Here's the basic chemical for insect control on cranberries: Du Pont "Maria te" methoxychlor insecticide. Controls fireworms, leafhoppers, fruitworms, tip worms, San Jose scale crawlers and girdler moths. You can use "Marlate" safely early in the season, for it doesn't bvirn tender foliage. And you can use "Marlate" up to within a week of harvest for insect control, without a toxic resi- due problem. Effective in dusts or sprays, compatible with other chem- icals including "Fermate" fungicide.
FERMATEFungicide
prevents leaf and fruit diseases.
Mild on the plants, but tough on diseases, "Fermate" fungicide helps you get better yields of clean fruit from every acre of bog. Du Pont "Fermate" is highly effective against cranberry leaf spot and certain fruit rots that attack the crop. Does not burn young leaves, is safe to use even in hot weather, is compatible with other spray and dust chemicals. Use "Fermate" with "Marlate" for an ideal insect- and disease-control pro- gram.
See your dealer for full information and supplies of these Du Pont Chemicals. Ask him also for free booklets on ''Fer- mate," ''Marlate," Du Pont Weed Killers and other pest- control products. Or write to Du Pont, Grasselli Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Delaware.
DEPEND PEST-
DU PONT PRODUCTS
"EG J. S.PAT. OFF.
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING
. . . THROUGH CHEMISTKY
fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Page 5)
sor Hull of the Extension Service. Present plans call for an exten- sive research program which will be conducted over a period of years.
Cranberry Drier Being Built
Growers are interested in a new
piece of machinery which is very
much needed, a drying machine.
One is being developed but is stiil
in pilot operation. It holds much promise, but is not expected to be fully developed this year, but by another year it may be ready for actual use in drying of berries.
Changers in Frost Warning
State Frost Warning Sei-vice will be in operation on May 1, with Arthur Wolford the meteorologist in charge. Mr. Wolford replaced Mr. Milligan when the latter be- came ill. Some rather radical
IRRIGATION
+ FLEX-0-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS + GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS + SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FIHINGS
Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Coil, Mass.
Tel. Osterville 719
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
•
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymouth, Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
changes are being made in the dis- tribution of the service in the ex- pectation of increasing efficiency at minimum of cost to the growers. Water Surplus Wisconsin this Spring has a heavy water supply, even a sur- plus and water was being let off the reservoirs so as to take care of the watershed that comes down when the Spring thaws are really underway. In fact the State water table is probably quite a bit above normal, and this build-up has been taking place the past two or three years due to excessive rainfall and heavy snows.
NEW JERSEY
Marcti, Wet and Cold
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing March was very wet and cold. The average tempertature was 39.8 °F which is 2.3 °F below nor- mal. There were 20 days in which the temperature fell to freezing or below. The maximum tempera- ture was 64 °F on the 31st and the minimum was 6°F on the 2nd.
Precipitation was 5.05 inches, which is 1.46 inches or 41 percent more than normal. A measurable amount of rain fell in 9 days. Eight inches of snow fell on March 1st and it remained on the ground for 4 days.
Winter, Milder and Wetter
The Winter months (December through March) were milder and wetter than normal. Extremely low temperatures occurred infre- quently. The temperature dropped to below 20 °F on 20 days and went below 10°F on only 5 days. The lowest temperature was 5°F on December 17.
Only 8 Snow Days There was snow on the ground for during the Winter and the total snowfall was only 15.9 inches. There was snow on hte ground for only 11 days.
Cranberry Bouquet
The consumer package of cran- berries shows the greatest pro- gressiveness of any N. E. food producing group — "and the Cape Cod people deserve a lot of credit."
Control of winged and ground vermin has been practiced since the 15th century.
Eighteen
CRANBERRY INDUSTRY IS BOOMING
Cont. from 14th Installment in March Issue
First Chatham Cranberry Assessment
First assessed bog in Chatham — although there are believed to have been earlier attempts, was that against John Atwood, in the year 1861 when he was taxed for 7/16 of an acre. Mr. Atwood, as were not few of the cranberry men then — and now — were among the "first citizens" of their comnrunity. Mr. Atwood never became a grower of consequence. In fact he had no time to, his death occurring Jan. 30th, 1864, at the age of 75, so that he began cultivating when about 70 years old.
He was born August 20th, 1789, the son of Sears and Azuba At- wood. He was the grandson of Joseph Atwood, who built the old- est house still standing in Chatham (in which John lived) in 1752, or 1756, as that latter date is given when Joseph, in his will disposed of his "mansion" house. Since 1928 this has been owned and is in use where historical relics are on dis- play.
When Atwood was assessed for his bog he also was listed as own- ing 33 acres of farm land, as well as this typical Cape Cod house with gambrel roof. The property extended from the Stage Harbor road to Mitchell's river, which is an outlet fi^om Mill pond into Stage Harbor. The bog was on salt marsh on the river. No one today linows whether he sanded or not, but he must have, as the location was salt meadow and even in late years there were evidence of sand having been spread there. It could not have been flooded as there was no fresh water near.
In 1840 Mr. Atwood had been one, with others, who organized the Chatham Wharf Company which accommodated vessels at Stage Harbor. With his death, this bog did ont lapse as it was assessed to his youngest son, Samuel M. At- Atwood, born, 1835, who pre- sumably carried it on until 1898. "Courtin' Talk" Whether true or not, there is an old tale concerning Mr. Atwood
and this historical house. John At- wood married a second time, and is said to have promised the new Mrs. Atwood a new house. As time went on the new house was not built, however, and he is said to have finally frankly admitted the new house was simply "courtin' talk." He did build an ell and made other improvements to the ancient house, as he was a carpen- ter by trade.
California Gold Into Cape Cod Cranberries
Just as most areas of the set- tled parts of the country had had their share of "Forty Niners," so had the Cape. Some were made richer by the trek to the gold fields, some poorer. One of the former was Nathan Smith of West Barnstable. He had sailed around the Horn to California, but by 1860 was back again and, accord- ing to report, quite a bit richer, putting money into cranberry growing.
He was first assessed for cran- berry bog in Barnstable in 1860, and in five years had increased his holdings to 12 acres, assessed true value at |2,000.
The bogs of Mr. Smith at West Barnstable were among the best known properties on the Cape dur- ing the latter half of the century. By the 70's he was employing so many harvesters, his annual pick-
ing season nieant a considerable fall income to residents of the West Barnstable area. Other resi- dents of West Barnstable have re- called this period and of Mr. Smith as being a man of influence in the upper Cape industry.
He was born in 1805, the son of Nathan and Betsy Smith, and like so many of the earlier Cape cran- berry men traced his ancestry back to the first Cape Codders, in his case to Ralph Jones, who was of Barnstable in 1654. The bogs have been abandoned long since. Mashpee's First Bog
Another Cape Cod area which is believed to have a member with- in the Cape cranberry "clan" be- fore the Civil War, was Mashpee, the Indian District, the cranberry growing of which will come into the story a little later. Mashpee's first grower is generally thought to have been Virgil Collins.
Collins was the keeper of the general store there, selling grocer- ies, hardware, tobacco, and many other items. He was at one time paymaster for the Mashpee Manu- facturing Company, and owned a share or two of this concern de- vised for the betterment of the Indians and which was to produce cranberries itself.
Collins, so tradition goes, went down to Bulkin's Cove in South Mashpee and obtained some wild
HUBBARD
FERTILIZERS - INSECTICIDES
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER
Raymond Morse
West Wareham, Mass.
National Cranberry Association
Onset, Mass.
United Cape Cod Cranberry Company
Hanson, Mass.
Beaton Distributing Agency
Wareham, Mass.
George Briggs
Plymouth, Mass.
John Shields
Osterville, Mass.
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. 1. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY
Portland, Connecticut
ESTABLISHED IN 1878
Nineteen
vines, setting them out in a maple swamp of about an acre and a half in extent, which he had cleared. He never utilized any of the "developed" varieties, yet among the wild vines there were two kinds, one which ripened early and one a little later, the latter having a "red-black" look. These wild vines selected from near salt water were agreed to produce ex- cellent quality and Mr. Collins' son, Charles, has stated the first crop was sold for no less than $27.00 a barrel.
Collins died in 1875, but his bog was continued after his death and its second owner after Mr. Collins was Oliver M. Holmes, whose 1883 speech has been so often referred to.
50-Acre Project
In the year of 1860 one of the largest Barnstable County cran- berry projects was in the making, according to the BARNSTABLE PATRIOT. This was at Hyannis-
port, by J. H. Coffin and others. The PATRIOT went on, that a large part of this could be over- flowed, and portions of this, "are oifered for sale to any who wish to experiment . . . Mr. Coffin de- serves credit for his perseverance and enterprise in attempting to convert this almost worthless swamp into a meadow of cranber- ries."
Another noted event of that year seems to have been a severe frost on the last night of October, "one of the coldest nights for that sea- son of the year that the oldest residents can remember." The Cape wakened on the following morning which was a Monday, to find the grounds thick with white frost, ponds frozen entirely over, and it was feared the crop — which had been only half picked by that date — would be seriously affected. Wareham Had Bogs Prior to Civil War Before the Civil War, and prob-
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I accept your special offer of a 14 months subscription to CRANBERRIES for only $3.00.
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Enclosed is
ably during the 50's Wareham, to- day the acknowledged center of the industry as a whole, came into the cranberry picture. Earliest tax record which may be found is that of 1861. That year lists a single cranberry grower, Freder- ick Augustus Stewart, with five acres and a valuation of $20.00. This was put down as the Weston (Daniel) lot.
To have had five acres assumedly in bearing by '61, Stew- art must have begun at least by the late 50's and there were known to have been several other little patches where cranberries were cultivated to some extent, at least, which were not taxed in the mid- century decade.
This Mr. Stewart is recalled as a peddler of milk from Rochester, later living on Elm Street, Ware- ham, which is the main highway (Route 28) to the Cape. This was near the present Maple Spring Rd. Although not taxed in 1861, Mr. Stewart's brother, Henry M., who was a cooper, working at East Wareham, is known to have had a bog, also along the Maple Spring stream and near the bog of Fred- erick in that year.
Some others having small bogs in Wareham, according to histori- cally-minded Charles L. Bates, Wareham town clerk, were Prince Burgess of East Wareham, who had a little patch on the Burgess farm; James Williams, also East Wareham, owning a little piece at Onset; Samuel Besse, a bog on the former Briggs farm on Route 28, and Bradford Bartlett.
The bog was later incorporated into the "Great Bog," formerly owned by United Cape Cod Cran- berry Company.
These locations are where there is much valuable cranberry acreage today and coincidently not far from the State Cranberry Experi- ment Station at East Wareham. For other early bogs there was also the "Star" bog on the Maple Spring road, although this was probably begun a little later by the Nickerson brothers of Harwich. Barnstable County Decline The final year before the terrible wai- between the states saw Barn- stable County with its largest pop.
'wenty
ulation of the past century 36,000, (after which it declined) and a great change in the economy was becoming evident, according to Historian Charles F. Swift. Its greatness in things maritime was beginning to end, this dying of shipping interests to be greatly accelerated by the war. It was the ending of the era of the cap- tains as the lords of the Cape, but before going on with the story of the industry during the struggle, the accounts of some of these re- tired captains of Harwich and particularly the Pleasant lake cul- tivators of such importance, will be told. TO BE CONTINUED
Girls generally make the great- est gain in weight at twelve and thirteen years, say nutritionists at the University of Massachusetts. Biggest weight-gains in boys come around their sixteenth birthdays.
April Showers !
As Beneficial as April Showers Is
ELECTRICITY
IN YOUR HOME
IN YOUR CRANBERRY WORK
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
Flying fishes are a staple of the diet on Barbados Island.
.^ff^ACSW^ ^
"Most businesses are owned by one group of peo- ple and used by another.
A CO-OPERATIVE is owned by the same people who use it.
Since one cannot make a profit out of oneself, they conduct their business on a non-profit basis. Member- ship in a genuine CO-OPERATIVE is always open to all. Join and support yours!"
Eatmor Cranberries
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY I SALES COMPANY
h ' 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
RARIN' TO CO!
This is a positive invitation to cranberry growers everywhere to market their cran- berries through the American Cranberry Ex- change.
A sound beginning was made in 1951. We are out to go places in 1952 and hope you will be with us to make this another profit- able season for fresh EATMOR Cranberries.
AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE
5 South Sixth Street New Bedford, Mass.
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE
Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74. Mass.
Tel. AR 5-6100. 5-6101
INSECTICIDES
CHRYSLER
Industrial Enginet
"HORSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
lECTRICAL
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 6Z6
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
IRRIGATION
^iiiiaiiiiiiiiiiMniiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiii
I SKINNER SYSTEM | I IRRIGATION HEADS I
I CHAMPION Portable Tubing |
9 in Steel or Aluminum 9
= Helpful Literature Gladly Sent =
I GEORGE N. BARRIE f
= 33 Station Street =
I Brookline, Mass. =
^iiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiT. FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Two small bogs, both sanded this fall. Both with good water supply and good drainage.
Can be purchased separately, if desired. Contact
RALPH THACHER Hyannis, Mass.
Bought and Sold
Barnstable County Bogs
For Sale — 10 acre bog with home and large lake acreage — 20 acres excellent bog open to offer. Other listings needed.
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor — Main Street West Harwich — Tel. 1195
FOR R£NT
POLLINATION
100 Strong double decker col- onies of bees for rent. Orders taken now.
Bee-Wise and get an extra 10 barrels of berries per acre by using strong colonies of bees.
LEWIS KONCES
612 Pond Street
So. Weymouth, Mass.
Tel. Weymouth 9-3811-W
i KEROSENE
=
J. W. Hurley Co.
• COAL
• NEW ENGLAND COKE
• FUEL OIL
Water White
-KEROSENE-
For BOGS
(METERED TRUCKS)
24-hour Fuel Oil Service
Telephone 24-2 149 Main St. WAREHAM
BE A SUBSCRIBER TO
CRANBERRIES
Classified Directory (Cont.)
VOLTA OIL CO.
Distributor of the Famous
TEXACO
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For your Bog
Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R
Plymouth, Mass. Hedge Road, North Plymouth
Attention Growers!!
for
your Spring
weed control
we offer
water white
kerosene "GRADE A"
metered trucks Stoddard Solvent
SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY
Wareham, Mass. tel. 93-J
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
Water White KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
TANK TRUCK SERVICE
anc
HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING
Arranged.
NATHAN G. ROBY
Carver, Mass.
KaiiKe and Fuel Oils Tel. 95
Bottled tias and Appliances
SUPPLIES
LOANS
THE NATIONAL FARM LOAN ASSOCIATION of Bridgewater
2 Central Square Bridgewater, Mass.
Federal Land Bank Loans 4M!% Lont' Term. Tel. .5377
CLUB MEETINGS
Four instructive cranberry club meetings were held in Massachu- setts during March. The Lower Cape club met at East Hai-wich Methodist Church March 12, and
the Upper Cape at Bruce Hall, Cotuit, March 13. Both were sup- per meetings with good attend- ances.
The progi'am for both was a talk by Harold E. Bryant, ACE upon "Cranberry Prospects for 1952," and Ferris Waite, NCA, upon the same subject.
South Shore club met March 18 at Reed Memorial building, Kings- ton and Southeastern Club at Ro- chester Grange Hall, the latter being a supper meeting.
J. Richard Beattie gave a report
CORRUGATED BOXES
of Special Design
Manufactured for cran- berry growers for over fifteen years.
J.&J. Corrugated Box Corp.
Fall River, Mass. Tel. 6-8282
on "Gypsy Moth Control;" Mr. Waite reported on "Marketing Conditions and Future Prospects;" Dr. Chester E. Cross on "Weed Control from Management View- point," and Dr. Franklin on "Major Revisions on Insect and Disease Charts." This was probably Dr. Franklin's last apearance before these organizations.
Two
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Makepeace "Tree Farm" Award
John C. Makepeace was honored at a recent meeting for outstanding achievements in forest manage- ment. He was presented the "Tree Farm Award", which included a suitably inscribed mounting. The Lot Phillips Company of Hanover is the only other recipient of this award in Plymouth County. It is a distinct honor, and the first to be made to a cranberry grower. The presentation was made by Arthur T. Lyman, Commissioner of Con- servation. The occasion will be re- ported in detail in next month's issue of "CRANBERRIES".
Foreign Visitors
The Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion was host to a group of 14 for- eign students on May 8. We had an opportunity to show them something of our cranberry indus- try. They were very much inter- ested in our business, and were kept busy converting gallons per minute of our pumps into litters per hour; to say nothing of pounds per acre into kilos per hectare. We were delighted to have them, and were gratified by their appreci- ation. (More next month.) Frosts
The first general frost warning was released April 21 by Dr. H. J. Franklin. We then enjoyed a brief respite from threats of frost, be- cause of a real "nor' easter" which lasted several days. Following this storm, the weather turned cold and warnings have gone out daily from April 30 to date. May 5. Temper- atures of 16 to 17 degrees have been recorded on a bog in Middle- sex County, while temperatures of 18, 19, and 20 degrees have been common on bogs in Plymouth and Barnstable Counties. Sixteen warnings have been released through May 5, A quick check q|
our weather records show that ex- tended cold period is not unusual. Last year sixteen warnings were released during approximately the same period; in 1948, seventeen warnings. These figures include both the afternoon and evening forecasts. The telephone and radio frost warning services are oper- ating smoothly. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association has a few more subscribers to the frost service than a year ago. We sincerely hope that the frost acti- vity reduces in tempo; otherwise, our rather ample water supplies at the start of the season will be de- pleted.
Weed Clinics
The four weed clnics held re- cently in Barnstable and Plymouth Counties were well attended, con- sidering the threats of frost, at each of these meetings. Plots were set out ten days before the clinics, demonstrating the effectiveness of various chemicals. Growers had an opportunity to see the results of the various weed treatnTents. Du- plicate plots were made at the meetings so that the growers could see how the chemicals were ap- plied. Dr. Cross discussed the im- portant points in a weed control program and devoted some time to the identification oof early spring weeds. As usual, Dr. Cross did an excellent job in presenting his sub- ject. A brief summary of the key points discussed are as follows:
1. Good drainage — first essential in any weed control program.
2. Encourage good vine growth as a method of checking weeds.
3. Carefuly measure areas to be treated and amounts of chemicals to be used.
4. Try to complete kerosene work by May 12-14 on bogs drained of their winter flood in early April.
5. When treating cut (sickle), manna, and cotton grasses fol- lowing a late holding of the vnnter flood (May 25) with kerosene, drain bog ditches, wait 3 days, then spray kerosene during the next 4 days. Try to apply when tempera- ture is below 65 degrees.
6. Vines should not be trampled for one week before and after the kerosene treatnrent.
7. Watering pot technique of ap- plying kerosene is still excellent for small areas, or for spot treatments.
8. Stddard solvent is still in the experimental stage but looks prom- ising for controlling asters, small brambles, rushes, and sand spur- rey. MUST NOT BE USED ON NEW GROWTH. Best results when air is humid.
9. Iron Sulfate is one of our most useful weed killers. Can be used on fern-infested areas before they appear.
10. 2-4D— Only one type of this material is recommended for con- trolling three-square grass. The new formulation is known as Triethanolamine salt, 4 lbs. acid per gal.; it is the safest form to use on bogs or around shores and ditches. Small amounts of 2-4D left in sprayer can kill vines — wash out equipment thoroughly using soap, amnronia, or both.
11. The "hockey stick" technique is one of the more popular meth- ods of applying 2-4D to tall weeds over the vines.
12. 2-4D is still in the experi- mental stage but appears to be effective in checking woody plants, such as hardback, meadow sweet, and bayberry.
No. 1 Pest— Root Grub
We have an insect note from Dr. Franklin reminding growers that the cranberry root grub is still our number one insect pest. It should not be overlooked in planning spring's work. The three effective treatments still include the use of PDB Crystals under sand, Cyani- dizing, and Flooding. For those who will be flooding to control grubs. May 12rl5 is the date to re- flow bogs, and hold until July 15-20. Liquid Fertilizers
Dr. F. B. Chandler has been en- deavoring to cut the cost of ap- plying fertilizers to our bogs. He
Thrt*
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Cranberry Growers: Attention :
You have been thinking and discussing the idea all Winter of picking your 1952 crop with a Western Picker, if you have decided to pick mechanically. Then now is the time to get in your order.
We did not buy a lot of material this year and we know from the interest taken in our machine by the grow- ers we will not have enough machines to go around. You should get your order in now with a $150.00 payment and be sure you will have a ma- chine this Fall. If you feel you can not afford to buy a Western Picker, why don't you see the Production Credit representative in your dis- trict, as we understand it, Production Credit was set up to aid the farmer in purchas- ing labor-saving equipment.
This is not a monthly pay- ment plan, but a two or three crop payment plan with low interest rates.
We cannot give the ad- dresses of Production Credit officers in Washington, Ore- gon, or Wisconsin. Grow- ers living in these localities can get that information from your local bank or County Agent. The Farm- ers' Production Credit Assoc, in Massachusetts is at 163 High St., Taunton, Mass.
Get your order in now. This Fall may be too late.
(Advt.
has been working with liquid fer- tilizers and has applied them in flood waters on various bogs dur- ing the last few years. Growers interested in liquid fertilizers should contact Dr. Chandler.
Cape Cod Growers In Big Annual Spring Meeting
Speakers Tell of Progress in Past Two Years — Growers Urged to Keep Bogs in Good Shape, to Grow Ev- ery Berry Possible — Hom- er L. G i b b s Re-elected President.
The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association held its annual Spring meeting in the Wareham Town Hall April 24.
The meeting was preceded by ex- hibits in the basement and out- doors, as in previous years. The commercial exhibits were much the same as in past years, except an increase in the large equipment, that is, bulldozers and tractors. The Experiment Station exhibit consisted of a display of weeds and soils. The soil exhibit was ar- ranged to show the movement of water or lack of movement in sands, the method of measuring water movement and the amount of space which could be occupied by ail.
The business meeting had the usual reports and the reports of some special committees. Russell Makepeace reported an increase of .32 or 33 in membership. Gilbert Beaton showed a sketch and gave a preliminary report of the com- mittee which is making plans to honor Dr. Franklin at the Summer meeting. The president, E. L. Bar- tholomew, said the day of the August meeting would be known as "Dr. H. J. Franklin day".
The Mom and Dad Club of East Wareham prepared a luncheon for those present.
The afternoon progi-am consisted of reports by the Cranberry Sta- tion, staff and staff members from Amherst. This program was un- der Dr. Franklin's direction. Dr. Sieling, Director of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, told how ably the Cranberry Station had been conducted. He also said the experiment stations had a tremendous task to increase production of all food to feed the people of the United States, the
rate having increased to 7,500 births per day. The Director of Extension, James Dayton, made some very interesting comments and then expressed the hope that some 4-H cranberry clubs would be organized in the near future.
Save Vitamin Dr. C. R. Fellers, head of the Department of Food Technology, presented figures on the compo- sition of cranberries. He said up to 60% of the vitamin C could be saved in home prepared cranberry sauce, while all of it is lost in com- mercial canning. Studies in his department indicated a better re- tention of vitamin C when stored at low temperatures. Dr. Fellers described the Apple Cranberry Juice which has been developed in his department.
Prof. Cox of the Department of Agricultural Engineering stressed the importance of handling berries as little as possible, and the im- portance of removing the field heat as soon as possible. In Prof. Cox's studies, about 85% of the berries went over the first bounce board and he felt it would be desirable to eliminate the remaining bounces. He also briefly described the ditch cleaner which he is developing.
J. Richard Beattie reported on the gypsy moth spray program, expressing the need to have thej adjoining areas sprayed to keep the gypsy moths from reinfesting the area.
Dr. Cross explained the experi.^ ments to kill cranberry scale bj oxygen deficiency, after which he talked about the new herbicides.' He said CMU should not be used at rates of more than one nound per acre. Dr. Bergman recom- mended ferbam or bordeaux to control the fruit rots of cran- berries.
Drainage Needed
Dr. Chandler compared the crops in different cranberry-producing regions and showed that increased drainage gave increased crops. He then referred to Dr. Franklin's bulletin which indicated high rain- fall was detrimental to the pro- duction. Prof. Chandler then pointed out that the crops of the past seven years were above the ten-year average for each of those years, and that these years were all considered as dry years. Dr. Chandler then explained how poor- ly some peats drained, and also that some sands drained very poor- ly. With improvement in drainage and water management he ex- pressed the belief that cranberry crops could be greatly increased, even up to 250 barrels per acre.
The last speaker, Dr. Franklin, outlined the supplement to the in- sect bulletin and the new] cranberry variety bulletin. Wisconsin is rec- ommending the use of 40% Ryania
\^ *:;o^'*»^"*-"'"'«4..,l^^
ISSUE OF MAY 1952— VOL.
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3 00 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3 187S
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
April Warmer, Drier
April was a month with a few degrees above normal in temper- ature, which would have an adverse effect upon the keeping quality of the crop, in the opinion of Dr. Franklin. The difference is not too bad, still, it will not be to the good.
Rainfall was a little below nor- mal, total recorded at the State Bog being 3.07 inches. Normal for April is 3.85. Most of this rain fell in the closing days of the month, the first part being dry. It is said at the State Bog the rain of the month will make little dif- ference to the crop either way. Bogs Earlier
Bogs were greening up at end of the month and were quite a bit ahead of normal.
Dr. Franklin recorded no frost damage for April, although there were several. The two of most consequence were on the nights of April 11 and 16.
First Bad Frost May 1
First really bad frost occurred on the morning of May 1. Temper- atures as low as 19 were recorded in the Wareham area. Average was probably 22. Forecast in the
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
evening was for 20. This was a "black" frost in some bogs, depend- ing upon the degree of humidity. Water was used wherever it was available. There was probably some injury to the crop. Much Bog Work Growers are ordering much more equipment and insecticides ferti- lizer this year than in several past years. They are concentrat- ing on sanding, weeding, and insect control. Considerable ground spraying will be done.
WISCONSIN
Early Ftost Warning
First frost warning for Wiscon- sin was issed on May 2nd. This is one of the earliest frost forecasts on record. Reason for this was that temperatures for April were considerably above normal, and on April 28 the official temperature at the Rapids was 94. The temper- ature for seven consecutive days was above 80.
Opinion of growers is that, as of the first of May vines are ap- proximately two weeks ahead of last year. The damage caused by the sudden drop in temperature last fall was not as serious as was first indicated, it is believed, but it will have some adverse influence on the crop. Oxygen deficiency was very minor.
Water
Reservoirs are beginning to feel the effects of lack of rain and if this condition continues for any great length of time the water supply for frost flooding could be seriously affected.
A number of growers this spring are putting on Spring reflows. This practice had more or less been done away with the past few
years. However, due to the ex- tended warm spell these reflows were not held as long as the grow- ers intended, for fear it might hurt the budding.
Could Be Much Insect Trouble
In general, condition of the vines is good. From advanced
weather forecasts, that is long range forecasts, and the good over- wintering for the insects, all indi- cations in early May pointed to the fact the insect infestation can be above average. This prospective situation is also aggravated by the fact that control of insects on the marshes during the summer of 1952 was seriously hampered by a wet season, so that many control measures were not effective. If early May high temperatures con- tinue growers will be combatting insects much earlir than usual. All Marshes Early
An interesting observation is that all marshes in the state appear to be early. Usually the northern marshes, such as those at Three Lakes, Hayward and Spooner, are about ten days to two weeks behind the central and southern marshes in the spring. This is not true this year. Winter floods were with- drawn from the marshes in most cases between April 10th and 20th.
WASHINGTON
Most Frosts in Years
More frosty nights have oc- curred this spring than any year since 1922. Temperatures as low as 23 were reached at least twice during the last three weeks of April, and there were 25's on six occasions. Bogs not protected by sprinklers have taken some injury.
(Continued on Page 22)
The Cranberry Story of Long Island — Two Bogs Remain
Editor's Note. This is the first of two installments, this one mostly concerning the "Big" bog at Manorville and its manager, James S. Laird, of Carver,
Mass.)
by
Clarence J. Hall
Long Island, lying mostly off the coast of Connecticut, but belonging to th<" state of New York, has been one of the cranberry cultivating areas of the country for nearly a century. Before that — on this often-called "fabulous" island, elongated, narrow, in length 118 miles from rugged Montauk Point, its western extremity out in the Atlantic, to its eastern boundary, Brooklyn, in the Metropolitan New York area, and from 12 to 23 miles wide — cranberries grew naturally.
Members of the 13 tribes of Ind- ians, who were the original inhabi- tants of the islana and presumably the first white settlers of the 1600s, gathered cranberries. The fruit still grows in its native state at a few points and is harvested each fall.
References to berries by some of the early writers about the island and in reports of explorers and first settlers may be found in his- torical research, in both the Eng- lish and Dutch languages. These writers speak of finding "berries plentiful", but there is no way of knowing what berry, but presum- ably the strawberry, huckleberry, blueberry, cranberry and possibly the small wild beach plum, were found.
There have been many bogs cul- tivated on the island, the first dat- ing from about or shortly after the Civil War. Today there are two properties under cultivation, both in the township of Brookhaven, one very fine indeed, and the other in process of rejuvenation.
The larger, at Manorville, pro- duces from 2500 to 300 barrels an- nually, and the other, at Calverton, about 500. The first is that of the George W. Davis Corporation, dat- ing from 1887 , and the other, the so-called "Brown bog", now being rebuilt by a new owner, Joseph Hackel, of Riverhead, and built, it is believed, sometime shortly prior to that date. Manorville has 42 well-kept acres in bearing. The Calverton bog, while formerly hav- ing 35, now has about 10 producing.
Both are on the Peconic river, along which at one time there were well over 100 acres in several pieces, and are a part of the town of Riverhead, which is the county seat of Suffolk County, one of the richest farming areas in the na- tion. There is little mention of cranberries in the early records of Brookhaven, according to George Shaw, historian of the town of Brookhaven, which was founded in 1655. Records of the town go back to 1657, but the area of Cal- verton-Manorville was in the Man- or of St. George, owned by the Tangier family and its assigns un- til 1788, which would be a reason for lack of historical record con- cerning cranberries. Prior to the 1788 date the district did not be- long to any township.
Historian Shaw is of the opinion that ci'anberries were too sour to have been very much used by early settlers of Long Island, who had sugar from the West Indies in very limited amout, depending to a great degree on molasses for sweetening. However, this would be a matter of interpretation, as in many an- other area, as in Massachusetts, the same conditions as to sugar would have prevailed and cran- berries were generously used by first comers, records prove.
Cranberries, it must be con- agricultural industry of Long Is- land, as they do in the main centers fessed, cut no great swath in the of cranberry growing elsewhere. Merely to read some of the agri- cultural statistics of Long Island is to find why this is so.
The farm income from Long Is- land is estimated at no less than $55,000,000 annually, three-quar- ters of which is produced in Suf- folk County, that county compris- ing about two-thirds of the island in area, and is the third largest county in the United States. Long Island is noted first for its pota- toes, speaking in agricultural terms, then its cauliflower, a big second, and also beans and peas. "Long Island ducklings" are fam- ous the world over, and the island is called the "duck center of the world". Sixty percentof all ducks in the United States are raised in Suffolk, to the tune of about $8,000,000 annually. Brussels sprouts were first cultivated there in this country, being introduced from England. And who hasn't heard of "Long Island oysters", especially the "Blue Points"? Greenport, in Suffolk, lays claim to being the "oyster center of the v/orld".
Most of the cauliflower industry
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymoufh, Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
is centered in the town of River- head, where huge beds of the plant stand brightly green over the roll- ing countryside — acre after acre. It might be mentioned here that the cranberry growers could, to good advantage, take a page from the book of the cauliflower growers as concerns sprinkler irrigation, as fast as their finance permit. Over- head irrigation whirls everywhere. As for the ducklings, which are White Pekin originally imported from China, some of the most fam- ous farms are in Calverton. As a matter of fact, more than one for- mer cranberry acreage has been flooded and turned into a duck pond, where the birds are now seen by the thousands.
A little of the Long Island his- tory may not be amiss here. Dis- covered by Henry Hudson in 1609, while he was searching for a north- ern passage to India, the western end, closest to New York, was set- tled by the Dutch, while the east- ern portion was settled by people from New England. The territory was claimed by both Dutch and English until 1673. Towns of the outer part of the island are in- clined to resemble those of New England, especially Connecticut. There are a number of ancient windmills, such as those at ultra- fashionable Southampton, where is the home of John Howard Paine, author of "Home Sweet Home". These mills are similar to the few remaining on Cape Cod, while there are mills of Dutch type on the innermost portion. As in many parts of the United States, place names are often of Indian origin. It is at the Indian place named Amagansett, not far below Mon- tauk, that wild cranberries are still most often harvested among the dunes by the shore and in the swamps. At Amagansett there twists a narrow road called "Cran- berry Hole Road."
Much of the island is covered with oak, except for a section near the center which is known as the "Pine Barrens". This is the same designation for a large part of the cranberry-growing sections of New Jersey and there the topography does resemble the South Jersey cranberry lands — flat, with white sand and scrub pines.
Although, as stated, the cran-
Mighty Montauk Light guards tip of Long Island, where wild cran- berries still grow. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
berry is indigenous to Long Island, the cultivated vines there today are practically all of Cape Cod ori- gin. The Cape Cod method of harvesting, that is, from a kneeling position, is practiced at Manor- ville, while the New Jersey way of scooping, standing up, is used at the Hackel bog.
The north side of the island, in which general ai-ea the bogs lie, near the middle, from east to west, was built up by the deposits of two glaciers of about 4,000 years ago. The district contains great rocks which were brought down from the mountains of New England. This is more fertile land than the south- ern slope. The soil of both bogs
is not peat, but similar, to savannah bottom.
In this and a following chapter the story of the two remaining bogs will be given, beginning with that at Manorville.
Manoi-ville is a village of about 800 people, 65 miles from New York City.
The entire property of the George W. Davis property consists of about 3,000 acres. Forty-two are devoted to cranberry growing and are kept in the most beautiful condition. The bog was built by the late George W. Davis, a New York broker and sportsman. Long Island, of course, is the habitat of the sportsman, whether duck or
S»v*»
goose hunting, fresh or salt water fishing, or game hunting.
In the last century Mr. Davis made a hunting trip to Long Is- land, according to his daughter, IMrs. Herbert Johnson, and noticed wild cranberries growing there. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mr. Davis' mother coming from Chatham, he had spent much of his time on the Cape and was fa- miliar with cranberry cultivation. He enjoyed growing things and did not want to always remain on Wall Street.
He became interested in the pos- sibility of cranberry cultivation there on Long Island, as at that time there were already cranberry properties. He engaged Mr Mills from Mattituclc, Long Island, to build bogs for him. Whethei' Mr. Mills had had Cape Cod experience or not is not now recalled, but the vines set did come from the Cape area.
Following his interest in the bogs, Mr. Davis built a big manor house at Manorville and at this estate was able to engage in both sports and cranberry cultivation. Upon his death the property went to his daughter, Alliene, now Mrs. John- son. Her husband is also a New York broker. They maintain the
mansion at Manorville, although their winter home is at Tenafly, New Jersey. Mrs. Johnson is now the owner and operates the George W. Davis cranberry property. Mrs. Johnson, incidentally, finds Cape Cod and Long Island very similar in many respects.
The Manorville bogs make up a long and narrow cranberry prop- erty, approximately a mile in length and about 400 feet at its greatest width. It is on both sides of River road. The bogs are set mostly to Howes, with about 15 in Early Blacks and 8 in Matthews.
The Davis property is a direct member of American Cranberry Exchange and ships on order of that cooperative, but the berries are sold under its own brand name of "Blue Diamond", mostly in New York city. Long Island cranberries have long been recognized for their size and quality, and often com- mand a premium price.
The bogs at Manorville are man- aged by a Massachusetts man, James S. Laird, formerly of South Carver. He has spent his whole life in the cranberry business. He has been on the job there since 1927, and has produced many good crops.
In the fall of 1950 the Manor-
ville property arew 2,900 barrels, but this past season production was only about half of that, the worst season in 25 years. This was due to severe winterkill during the 1950-51 winter, because of lack of water for sufficient coverage.
The lower end of the bog is flood- ed from Swan pond, which is about j 60 acres in extent and formed byJ surface water. The water is I pumped on by a Packard motor j engine and a Jaugua pump. It is I pumped back to the pond during frost season. The upper end is covered by gravity from the Pe- conic river and the water is not salvaged.
Sand supply is excellent, but it has been found more economical to purchase the material by the yard. "It is good, coarse sand, the equal of any sand back home for cranberries", Mr. Laird declares.
Temperature range on Long Is- land is more moderate than in many other parts of the United States. Summers are often cool, with winds from the surrounding waters, and the water masses also temper the cold of winter and bring less snow than inland along the Atlantic seaboard. Long Island, in fact, is considered to be a meeting place for equatorial and arctic
White brick screenhouse at Manorville bogs. Elfht
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
species of birds.
Spring frosts come a little ear- lier to Long Island, in the opinion of Mr. Laird, than in Massachu- setts, and they average two or three degrees less severe. "Neither do we have as many spring frosts. The bogs here come into bloom about a week earlier. We seem a little more advanced all during the season than on the Cape."
He added that fall frosts were not as bad, either. There is not much ice on the bogs — not enough for winter ice sanding. All sand- ing has to be done by wheelbarrow over planks.
Even though the season is ear- lier, harvesting is not started until around Labor Day, about the same as on Cape Cod. Completion of harvest is about October 12. Me- chanical harvesting has not been tried as yet. Scooping is done by local labor, pickers being either men or women, and the same group at Manorville remains fairly con- stant each season.
Weeding is done at Manorville still by the older fashion of manual labor, not by means of chemicals. Yet a very thorough job is done, it is evident. Vines on the bog are short, well sanded.
False Blossom has been some- thing of a trouble, although its presence was not known until the disease was spotted by "Joe" Kel- ley of the East Wareham Experi- ment Station during a visit there. However, it is now being kept well under control by DDT dust for the bluntnosed leafhopper, dust being spread by a Stearns biplane. Black- headed fireworm is troublesome, but this is being combatted with M-P dust supplied by A. D. Make- peace Company, Wareham. There is a little fruitworm, but so little that nothing is being done, or deemed necessary for control. The bog is also spared that vicious in- sect which has caused so much trouble in Massachusetts, the gyp- sy moth.
Screening and packing of the crop is done in a two-story, white- washed brick warehouse, 150 feet long by 40 feet wide. The first story of this is below ground level on two sides. This provides cool storage for the berries. The har- vest box used is a rather odd, long and narrow wooden box holding a
quarter barrel. These are stacked in storage to provide plenty of air space. Screening is by a Bailey separator. Finally, the fruit is packed in one-pound cellophane bags, the packaging machine being that of the Hayden Cranberry Sep- arator Company of Wareham, Mass.
Mr. Laird was born in South Car- ver and attended the schools there. His father, Joseph W. Laird, Sr., was a cranberry man, taking care of Carver bogs. It was but nat- ural that Laird turned to cran- berry work. He was employed by the Slocum-Gibbs Cranberry Com- pany at its Carver bogs; by the late Walter Myrick, and earlier than that for that old-time bog- builder, John Fisher, of Wareham.
During World War I he put in 17 months overseas with the U. S. Army in the engineering corps. Returning, he continued bog work. He went to the Long Island job in 1927, his going being largely in- fluenced by the late well-known "Ben Porter", for a long time associated with American Cran- berry Exchange, and for a while ran the New York store of that co-op. He is married to Ida Mae Atwood, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Atwood of South Carver. The couple have a son, James, Jr., a daughter, Mrs. Lillian Murdock, four granddaughters and three
grandsons. The granddaughters are Patty Mae Laird, Dorothy Laird, May Murdock and Betty Ann Murdock. The grandsons, James Laird, 3rd, Albert Murdock, Jr., and Bobby Murdock. James Laird, Jr., is also employed by the Davis log interests.
The two families live in white houses beneath pleasant, tall oaks near the screenhouse.
Mr. Laird is a cranberry grower in his own right, owning a prop- erty of 12 acres, partly in Taunton and partly in Raynham, Mass.
For recreation he has duck hunt- ing in the fall, and ice fishing, sohietimes, in the winter. He is keen on both.
Does he like living on Long Is- land?
"Yes, I do very much. I like the climate and almost everything down here better than back home."
However, the writer was aware of the fact that he asked a lot of questions about "how are things back home?" and inquired after many friends in his area of Mas- sachusetts.
Men in the armed forces eat more meat than do civilians. At the present time soldiers are aver- aging .324 pounds of meat per year, which is more than double that eaten by the average civilian in one year.
IRRIGATION
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+ SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS
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VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Cp-, Mass.
Tel. Osterville 719
tilaa
Favorable Reports And Enthusiasm as N. E. Sales Meets
Speakers Tell of Progress in Past Two Years — Growers Urged to Keep Bogs in Good Shape, to Grow Ev- ery Berry Possible — Hom- er L. Gibbs Re-elected President.
Marked enthusiasm about cran- berry prospects, coupled with the urging' of several speakers to pro- duce as large a crop this fall as possible, highlighted the annual meeting of New England Cran- berry Sales Company, Carver town hall, April 17.
John C. Makepeace, in reading his report as treasurer, said this
Treasurer Makepeace report was the most gratifying in several years and that nearly $300,- 000 in company indebtedness to banks had been paid off in the past two years.
He said: "If we can go at that rate for another year we will be in pretty good financial condition.
I urge everyone of you to give your bogs the best possible treatment. Do not let th^m get run down. I urge you to grow every berry pos- sible. One of the worst things we could have happen this fall is to have a crop which is too small. I repeat, don't let your bog get down. Don't."
President's Address
The president's address by Hom- er L. Gibbs was also encouraging. He said:
"I wish to welcome members and friends at this, our annual meeting. After three years of tough going we are on the road to better cran- berry times. The past year saw the fresh fruit market stabilized and the season ended on a rising market.
"This left the dealers friendly to- ward cranberries and will help us during our coming 52nd season as an organization. The allocation made by the Cranberry Growers Council was as nearly perfect as could be, and I wonder how we would have fared if there had been no Council.
"This season cranberry growers should do all in their power toward producing a normal crop. I would
be more distrubed by a small srop than a normal or large one.
"The Sales Company has made good progress during the past year and we can again begin feeling op- timistic. I want the officers, di- rectors and particularly the <3f?jce personnel to know that we appre- ciate their co-operating and untir- ing labors. I should be very remiss if I failed to thank John Makepeace for his ceaseless efforts for our good the past year. Believe me, he has spent more time than most of us can realize. Thank you again, Mr. Makepeace."
Miss Sue A. Pitman Miss Sue A. Pitman, who is as- sistant treasurer and executive vice president, read her reports. She commented upon the good work done last fall by the Puerto Ricans assigned to screenhouse work. She said the frequent meetings called by ACE General Manager, Harold E. Bryant, were most helpful. "Please be loyal to your co-oper- ative. By your efforts it will rise or fall."
She then referred to a biograph- ical booklet recently issued about the late A. C. Chaney and Chester
I rOYF) [{ WILLLA.MS, editor of Cranberry World, setting his camera to photo Miss Sue A. Pitman and Franklin G. Harlow checking balloting list. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Ten
E. Chaney.
ACE Officials Speak
Manager Bryant in his talk stressed the need for a fair balanc- ing- of the allocation this year. Other speakers of the ACE staff included E. Clyde McGrew, Lester Haines of the ACE Chicago office. The usual lunch provided by the Company was served.
Election Results
President, Homer L. Gibbs; 1st Vice-President, George Briggs; 2nd Vice-President, Robert C. Ham- mond; Executive Vice-President, Clerk, and Assistant Treasurer, Sue A. Pitman; Treasurer, John C. Makepeace.
Board of Directors
Wales H. Andrews, Middleboro; Fred L. Bailey, Kingston; Arthur D. Benson, Middleboro; George Briggs, Plymouth; E. W. Burgess, Plymouth; J. Foxcroft Carleton, East Sandwich; Arthur H. Chand- ler, Marshfleld; Frank H. Cole, North Carver; William E. Crowell, Dennis; Herbert E. Dustin, West Wareham; Ernest C. Ellis, Buz- zards Bay; Dr. H. J. Franklin, East Wareham; Homer L. Gibbs, West Wareham; Ruel S. Gibbs, Wareham; Carroll D. Griffith, South Carver; Robert C. Hammond, East Wareham; Eino W. Harju, Marion; Walter Heleen, West
Wareham; Robert E. Hill, Carver; John G. Howes, Middleboro; Fred S. Jenkins, West Barnstable; Jos- eph L. Kelley, East Wareham; Victor E. Leeman, West Barnsta- ble; Nahum B. Morse, East Free- town; Francis H. Phillips, Ply-
mouth; Walter E. Rowley, West Wareham; George E. Short, Ply- mouth; Albert A. Thomas, Middle- boro; Paul E. Thompson, Middle- boro; Russell A. Trufant, North Carver; Herbert J. Vaughan, North Carver; Homer F. Weston, Carver;
J. C. MAKEPEACE delivers his report. To his right, president Gibbs; foreground. Miss Pitman. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Members study their ballots. Foreground Philip (.iblis, seKiiul to his
iiKhi. Kuel S. Gibbs.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Eleven
H. F. Whiting, Plympton.
Executive Committee
Homer L. Gibbs, ex oificio; Ruel S. Gibbs, George Briggs, Robert C. Hammond, Carroll D. Griffith, Joseph L. Kelley, Paul E. Thomp- son, William E. Crowell, George E. Short, Homer F. Weston.
Nominations for Directors to the American Cranberry Exchange : Homer L. Gibbs, George Briggs, Robert C. Hammond.
Nominations for Directors to Ci-anberry Growers Council, Inc.: Homer L. Gibbs, Arthur D. Ben- son.
Average per capita meat con- sumption has jumped 14 percent in the past 21 years. In 1931-36, the average was 130.8 pounds, and for the years 1946-50 it was 148.9 pounds per person.
ACE Meets, Hears Good Reports and Elects Officers
One of the most successful fresh cranberry seasons in recent years was highlighted at the annual meeting of the American Cran- berry Exchange in New York city.
General Manager Harold E. Bry- ant reported that revenue from sales totaled 13,897,622, an in- crease of over $600,000, despite the fact that the sales volume of fresh cranberries was only 234,607 bar- rels as compared to 308,929 barrels in 1950.
The ratio of expense to sales was materially reduced during the year, an average of 9.13 per cent com- pared to 13.35 per cent in 1950.
FOR PRE -FABRICATED FLUMES
SEE
R. A.TRUFANT
The gross return averaged $16.61 a barrel, while the net combined average return to the state ship- ping units was $14.95 per barrel compared to $9.20 a year ago.
A five-year sales promotion ad- vertising and merchandising pro- gram was approved by the Boai'd through which the Exchange plans to build increased distribution of Eatmor cranberries.
Theodore H. Budd, Sr., of New Jersey, was re-elected president; Homer L. Gibbs, of Massachusetts, first vice president; Harold S. De- Long, of Wosconsin, vice-president; George Briggs, of Massachusetts, vice president; Harold E. Bryant, Executive vice president; E. C. Mc- GreW, secretary; and K. F. Pratt, treasurer.
Two new directors were elected at the meeting, Thomas Darling- ton of Whitesbog, New Jersey, and Tony Jonjak of Hayward, Wiscon- sin.
Hydraulic Consultant
Tel. Carver 64-11
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
J.,
GROWERS' COMPANY., N. RE-ELECT MR. BUDD PRESIDENT
Optimism reigned at the Fifty- seventh Annual Members' Meeting of the Growers' Cranberry Com- pany, held in the office building in Pemberton April 15th, to review the 1951 season's business and elect the officers for the oncoming year. Manager Walter Z. Fort gave a detailed report on the past fiscal year's business and expense. Following this report, election of delegates took place. Theodoi'e Budd and Thomas Darlington were elected as delegates to the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange; Vinton Thompson was elected delegate to the National Cranberry Associ- ation; and Mr. Budd was re-elected delegate to the Cranberry Growers Council. Edward Crabbe and Alli- son Scammell of Toms River, Thomas Darlington of Whitesbog, and Francis Sharpless of Medford were re-elected to the Board of Di- rectors of the Growers' Cranberry Company.
Harold Bryant, General Manager of the American Cranberry Ex- change, gave a. most encouraging- talk on the future of the cranberry industry and what the growers themselves could do to make and keep the outlook of the cranberry industry a bright one. Following
T«r«W»
reports from other members of the Exchange the meeting was ad- journed and all retired to Fenwick Hall for luncheon.
At the re-organization meeting of the Board of Directors after lunch, Mr. Budd was re-elected president, Vinton Thompson, 1st vice-president, Thomas Darlington, 2nd vice-president, and Walter Z. Fort, secretary-treasurer as officers of the Growers' Cranberry Com- pany for the ensuing year.
NCA Executive Committee Hears Good News
The N. C. A. executive committee met at Hanson, Mass., April 21st and voted a iVc dividend on com- mon stock. The dividend will be paid May 20th to all common stockholders of record as of April 30th.
Mr. Urann reported on the re- sults of the Easter promotion which included advertising, radio spots, besides the publicity on food pages and radio and television pro- grams. He had sent a question- naire to the brokers 92 of them) and had received answers from about half of them prior to the meeting. All brokers reported ex- cellent Easter nromotions of Ocean Spray and told of such sales in- creases in the retail stores as the following:
during promotion
Per week
18 V2 cases
18 cases
24 cases
the largest
Normal per week
3 cases
4 cases 3 cases
Managers reported movement of Ocean Spray at Eas- ter since the beginning of Easter promotions.
Miss Ellen Stillman talked about the Easter promotion which sug- gested cranberry glaze on ham or cranberry sauce with turkey, if turkey was on the Easter menu. The radio spot announcements were added for the first time.
Mr. Urann also announced that Russell E. Apling has been hired as assistant manager at the Hanson plant. He was born in Carver, where his parents are now living. He was with Stokely Bros, from 1939 to 1950.
In 1942 he went to Oklahoma, processing strawberries. He also has packing experience at Joliet, Illinois — peas and beans. In 1943, he returned to New Bedford as manager, and when Stokely closed the New Bedford plant he was
asked to go West, too. He stayed in the area because of his parents. Mr. Mann reported April sales as ahead of civilian sales last year and ahead of the schedule set for the month.
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BOG PROPERTY
Near Carver Line in Middleboro, Mass. App. 22 acres bearing Bog, Reservoir, Pump Houses, Packing House, Foreman's House, Bog Equipment, Swamp and Timberland total app. 200 acres.
Also app. 12 acres in Manomet (Plymouth), Mass., with Packmg House, Foreman's quarters, and Bog equipment.
!> For particulars write or phone:
HARRISON F. GODDARD,
RFD Box 208, Carver St. Carver 12-3 Middleboro, Mass.
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You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
1tlrt«(f
One of New Jersey's Busiest Cranberry Men Has No Doubts About Jersey's Future
He is Anthony DeMarco, v/ho Operates His Bogs, Sells His Own Crop, Trucks "Tru-Blu's" and Other Crops to Mar- ket:— Is an Original Member of Fresh Fruit Institute, and Tries to be a Cooperator for the Cranberry Industry.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
A real hustler, who has no doubts about the future of the New Jersey cranberry and blueberry industries, is Anthony DeMarco of Hammonton, New Jersey. He has a three-pronged stake in the two businesses.
First, he is a large grower in his own right. Second, he is one of the few growers anywhere in the industry who markets his own fresh fruit. Third, he distributes his own berries over a wide area, and hauls to market a large proportion of the Tru-Blu blueberries of Jersey. He also is a buyer and shipper of other fruits and vegetables of his state, and operates a sizeable trucking industry.
Has a Logical Interest in Cranberries
Mr. DeMarco has been a grower only eleven years, but he came by his interest in cranberries logically. His father, Rocco, for many years, was foreman of a cranberry property at Chatsworth.
Of his various activities, Mr. De- Marco says, he enjoys most the actual growing of a crop of cran- berries. "I like to start a fresh plantation and watch it grow — to progress — watch it and work at it fi'om the start, and to see it through to the production of a crop. I can do that on my bog. It gives me genuine pleasure and pride to start from scratch, as you do in growing any fruit or vege- table, and then to end up with a crop which is satisfactory. I guess I just like to see things grow."
Cranberry growing was not Mr. DeMarco's first choice of a career. Born in Hammonton 48 years ago, he attended school there, and then went to the Philadelphia College Of Pharmacy. Graduated in 1926, be was a druggist for about five years. But, he found he didn't like the confinement of store work. He Had been raised on a farm (near Hammonton) and was accustomed to an active, out-doors type of liv- ing.
So he went into the buying and shipping of fruits and vegetables, the shipping being through the DeMarco Trucking Company, Inc. In this phase of his enterprise, he
owns about a dozen big, modern trucks. He buys, sells and hauls North Carolina strawberries in the early Spring, and then, most lines of Jersey fruits and vegetables as they come along. In the Winter he specializes in New Jersey sweet potatoes. He does his own selling, personally, mostly by telephone.
The cranberry bogs he bought eleven years ago were formerly owned by the Chatsworth Cran- berry Company. This property was where his father had been em-
ployed since Anthony was born. Has 300 Acres Under Cultivation
At Chatsworth he has a total of 300 acres under cultivation. Of this acreage he has completely re- built nearly half. He grows Early Blacks, Howes and some Centen- nials, but concentrates on Blacks. There were a few Native Jerseys. Nearly all of these have been re- planted to the other varieties. His production has increased.
The portion of his crop, which he disposes of as fresh, he sells anywhere in the country, to brok- ers, chain stores; under the brand name of "Lake Shamong Cran- berries."
He is a member of NCA, so his canning fruit goes to that co-op- erative. He says he feels it un- necessary to join ACE to handle his fresh crop. "Being in the pro- duce business, I feel it advisable to handle my own fresh fruit." Tries to Work in Cooperation
However, he believes he does, and intends to, work in the closest harmony with the fresh fruit and canning co-operatives. He is one of the original members of the Fresh Fruit Institute, started last year, understanding the value of concerted effort to move more fresh fruit. He does not sell fresh
ECAS BROTHERS
Growers Of
Cape Cod Cranberries
Phona 147
WAREHAM, MASS.
cranberries for others. Merely his own.
It is his opinion that both the major cc-ops are now doing a fine job in their respective fields. It is his thought, advertising of cranberries should be increased. It is his conviction that NCA, with it's greatly expanded sales could easily use all the berries produced in New Jersey, and that canning will continue to increase over the proportion of the Jersey crop whish is sold fresh.
"Always Will Be a Fresh Fru't Market for Cranberries" Yet, "I think there will always be a lot of cranberries sold on the fresh fruit market — if we produce good, quality fruit. Cranberries must be a commodity which will stand up in the market in compe- tition with other store items."
"I'm Not At All Discouraged" To the question as to how he felt about the future of the indus- try, and in particular, about New Jersey, his reply was; "I'm not at all discouraged as to the cranberry business as a whole. Every busi- ness has its ups and downs. We should not be too discouraged when it is down, or too elated when things are looking up.
"I do not like to see cranberries selling too high. The industry has gone through three tough years due to over-pricing and freezing berries which should have been sold fresh."
"I think New Jersey will con- tinue in the industry, and will in- crease its production. We can grow cranberries as economically as th:;se in any other area — if we really go at it strenuously. We haven't woi'ked at growing cran- berries hard enough in the past."
As if, in proof of his contention, Mr. DeMarco operates his bogs himself. He is not afraid of hard work. He has a foreman, but he handles the management — and loves the job of ci'anberry growing. He does his owti frost work and oversees other controls toward producing a better crop.
His main bogs are in four groups. They are flowed from a branch of Wading river, at Good Wateir Run, Jake's Spong, Oak Meadow and Speedwell Meadors.
Mr. DeMARCO relaxes at his desk during interview.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
(Wading river is' one of the cran- berry water sources threatened with water loss.)
Much of his older acreage has never been sanded. Mr. DeMarco, like many of the more progressive Jersey growers, favors complete rebuilding of as much acreage as financial means permit, and then concentrating work upon this acreage, letting portions badly run out remain unworked. That is, un- worked until there is sufficient re- turns from the renovated pieces to justify work upon them.
He does not sand, after renovat- ing before replanting. He does sand after the new vines are grow- ing, when he believes this is de- sirable. On some bogs, he says he has found sanding very helpful and intends to do more. For more convenient and better management he has divided some of his bogs
into smaller sections.
Has Some New Bogs
Certain of his bogs date from only 1949, '50 and '51. These were planted on virgin soil. The vines were machine planted.
Attesting to the recognition as a grower he is receiving, is the fact that the annual Summer meeting of American Cranberry Growers' Association of August 30th last year was held at his Chatsworth property. The meeting was in his new sorting house. A tour of his property, following the meeting was a feature of the day.
This sorting house, of cement block is one which any grower, anywhere, could envy in it's mod- erness and arrangement.
The sorting house, itself is 42 feet by 110 feet. It consists of separator room, sorting room, and packing room. There are two stor-
FiftMB
age houses 42 feet by 90, and 30 by 60, respectively, with overhead doors so that trucks can enter and there is free access for the stack- ing of boxes. The two store houses are connected to the separator room, one store house on either side, the entire building being in the fornr of a cross.
Mr. DeMarco is a family man and has two sons, one, 21 who is a law student and the second, 13, who thinks he might like to grow up to be a cranberry grower. He also has a daughter, 10. Relaxation
Mr. DeMarco at one time had a fondness for gunning, but now finds that his business and his relaxa- tion are the same thing. That is, he doesn't need any hobbies be- cause he so thoroughly enjoys his work in his several enterprises.
He is active politically and is a Freeholder of Atlantic County (a position which would correspond to County Commissioner). This is an elective office and he has held it for a number of years. Jeijsey Water Situation
As concerns the New Jersey water situation, he is among those who believe this is worsening steadily; that there is noticeably less water available each year. He foresees no immediate lack of water, but from his personal ob- servations, he finds water scarcer each year.
"If I can notice this change over a period of 25 years or so, what will the situation be in another 25 or 50 years ? Maybe, we growers of the present do not have to worry too much about our supply. But, what about our successors? The water situation in Jersey is really a serious matter to us, growers of New Jersey."
MASSACHUSETTS BLUEBERRY GROWERS MEET
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The foregoing poem is by Mrs. Alice M. Howard of Cataumet, Massachusetts, wife of a retired lighthouse keeper. We print it through the courtesy of Robert S. Handy of Cataumet. He sent it to us.)
The Secret World
By Alice M. Howard
The Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers held their spring meeting at the State Bog in East Wareham. Several changes to the constitution were discussed.
A r<^seai-ch committee is being formed. Prof. Bailey spoke on the mcLhod of handling and introduc- ing new selections of blueberries. Prof. Kelley gave a pruning dem- onstration.
There is a secret world buried deep in the heart of Cape Cod in the
Winter, A quiet, lonely country of great beauty and strength. "Enter at your own risk," the sign says.
And only a tried and true jallopy of ancient vintage should venture here. This is no path for the parade of sleek and shining coaches of chromium
and painted tin.
This is a sober, humble path of loneliness and meditation,
A path of sand and mud and twists and turns and bumps.
It is Cape Cod's own Lake Country,
Her cranberry bogs, flooded and frozen,
Miles and miles of frozen lakes, nestling in her woods,
Stretching white and still among her hills and valleys.
It is a deserted world.
Such a world might be the No Man's Land between Man's day on earth and his eternity.
Feathery white pines and Cape Cod's own sturdy scrub pines whisper together gently.
Their's are the only voices in this still white world.
Purple vines line the road on either side, and heaps of ruby berries lie here and there.
There have been people here, for here stands a barn and there a shed, and over there a tiny dwelling.
But no smoke curls from the little chimney.
Even the birds have gone deeper into the woods.
And no tiny chipmunk or squirrel runs across the path to mar the Win- ter stillness.
What will be the outcome of this journey?
Will these curving roads lead us once more to the busy life beyond, Or are we, indeed, suspended here to listen and to learn the secrets of this silent land?
A lone gull finally flaps away from a tall tree just ahead. Around that curve beyond, we glimpse a white cat, scurrying around
one of the little houses. Even the animals share the scenic whiteness of this hidden world, For now a white angora goat is tethered by a little house. And finally we see children playing near. "Is it far," we ask, "to the main road?" "Oh yes," they smile, and wave us on.
On past the dike where the road is lower than the lake upon the right, But level with the one upon the left. On and on, around another bend. But the spell of the hidden Winter world is passing. The main road back to living must be near.
The silence is less deep.
The whiteness turns to gray and green and black.
The black is the ribbon of firm, hard road of every day travel.
The strong, quiet, beautiful land lets us go.
Easily and gently we enter again the roadways of Life,
But we have seen the secret world buried in the heart of Cape Cod.
Now it is in our hearts, too.
— Alice M. Howard
Sixtcra
^dit^als
Vol. 17 - No. 1 ISSUE OF MAY 1952
POLITICS AND CRANBERRIES
POLITICS, or less flippantly speaking, the
selection by voters of those to hold high office in this Presidential election year, are shot full of vitamins. As full as are the cranberry growers of 1952.
This seems to be one of those years in which gj:owers in all areas are more full of energy, fight, and the desire to produce the best quality fruit and the biggest crop than ever before. Emphasis is upon keeping good bogs up and bringing back those which have run down, and upon aggressive marketing. Growers are being urged to produce every quality berry they can.
The fear of the best informed is that we may not have a crop large enough to meet demand. Nobody now knows what produc- tion will be. If it should turn out to be a million barrels (which is highly unlikely), nobody seems alarmed. Such a prospect would have scared the industry only a few years ago. Now we have renewed confi- dence in our distributing agencies.
But back to the far more important business of electing the best officials to governi us ; it certainly is no secret that peo- pel are more interested in "politics" than in many a year. They should be. Our choice this year is of greatest importance, as you have been told by many others more qualified than we.
For the fun of it, or perhaps we should say as a matter of interest to the industry:
"How do cranberry growers feel as to who should be the next President of the United States?" Who are you for?
Elsewhere in this issue is a coupon which we hope our readers will clip, answer the questions, and return. We believe it v/ould be improper to sign these.
We will tabulate those returned and publish the result next month. We hope we will get enough to make it worth while. This may indicate whom the growers, or such portion of them as are our readers and who reply, prefer to be their next pres- ident.
It was with the deepest regret the indus- try received last month the announcement of the coming retirement of Dr. H. J. Frank- lin. It is a regret shared by all.
Over many, many years we have consid- ered "Doc" Franklin a respected personal friend. Like others, never have we called
CKANBERRIB6 - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSVm
Subicription IS.OO per j*mi
AdTcrtiiins rat« upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconain
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Mascachusetta
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham. Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agant
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
on him in vain for assistance.
We know Dr. Franklin can never for- get cranberry growing, although he has plans for his retirement years. At the moment, there is keen concern as to who will replace him. We feel it should be a man with cranberry experience to carry on the work he started. No one will ever "fill" his particular niche in the cranberry world.
T'HIS issue of May, 1952 marks the begin- ning of our 17th year. Many have sub- scribed from the very start. To these and to those who have read CRANBERRIES a shorter time we extend our appreciation.
We felt in 1936 there was a need among cranberry growers for a medium of impar- tial information. Now we are more sure of it than ever.
9*VMltf*f
Weed Letters By Dr. R. H. Roberts Of Wisconsin
EDITOR'S NOTE — The two following letters were sent out to Wisconsin cran- berry growers by Dr. R. H. Roberts, Department of Horticulture. University of Wisconsin. Madison. They are pub- lished because they may have escaped the attention of some Wisconsin growers and may be of interest to growers of other areas.)
CRANBERRY WEED LETTER NO. 12
An item which has not been well
enough emphasized in connection with the weed problem is the very great effect which weeds have upon j"ields. We are accustomed to more or less weedy marshes and rarely realize the large amount of berries that are generally produced on good vines standing in open sunlight. The reason weeds reduce the crop is poor pollination of shaded and wet blossoms. Dry air is needed for good shedding of pollen and effective pollination. Moderately vegetative vines mak-
Another growing season is underway-- You will have one less worry if your Insurance is in capable hands.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
» ..
HUBBARD
FERTILIZERS - INSECTICIDES
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER
Raymond Morse
West Wareham, Mass.
National Cranberry Association
Onset, Mass.
United Cape Cod Cranberry Company
Hanson, Mass.
Beaton Distributing Agency
Wareham, Mass.
G*orge Briggs
Plymouth, Mass.
John Shields
, „ Osterville, Mass.
D. L. HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY
Portland, Connecticut
ESTABLISHED IN 1878
ing .5 to 4 inches of growth and having good light because of no weeds, usually bear 125 to 200 ber- ries per square foot. The number of berries per square foot found this summer on vines growing in good stands of various weeds is shown below. The numbers are in comparison with each 100 berries per square foot on nearby vines (maybe only 3 or 4 feet distant) in the open, without weeds.
Per sq. ft. Check, on a basis of 100.0
Bunch grass 31.2
Bunch grass and fern 8.7
Fern 21.8
Heavy vines, no weeds 19.8
Red grass 36.4
Sickle grass 15.7
Slough grass 26.1
Star grass 30.1
Wide leaf 20.9
Wide leaf and heavy vines 6.5
Wire grass 29.1
Also, berries growing in the shade of weeds are of poor color and often small.
The very great reduction in yield caused by even moderate stands of weeds raises this ques- tion: Is it not more practicable to clean up the better areas to obtain high yields and income that goes with it, instead of first concentrat- ing on the worse grass areas and maybe only getting moderate re- sults for a considerable time?
This does appear to be clear: Such spraying as is done should be thorough and effective. It will give yields which will finance a full clean-up.
Many marshes have killed most of the easy-to-kill weeds and this makes the most efficient solvents necessary. It is especially neces- sary to use a good boom which will give an even coverage and not per- mit streaks. Very few booms built for applying insecticides are good for applying weed killer. As dis- cussed in Letter No. 11, a double row of nozzles is needed to insure complete coverage.
CRANBERRY WEED LETTER NO. 13
One rather general practice has appeared for a long time to be questionable. This is the use of nitrogen fertilizer on vigorous plants. Maximum production oc- curs with about 3 inches of annual growth of uprights. Vines making
pifhtMO
more growth than this produce fewer berries. Why give these kind of vines nitrogen and force more growth and particularly increase weed growth ? On the other hand, nearly all marshes have areas, as sand islands, which make less growth. These spots tend to be- come yellowish in early July. They need a top dressing of 75 to 125 pounds per aci'e of a quick nitro- gen. This would greatly increase berry size, as well as give better budding.
Some suggestions on the general policy of weed control:
1. It may pay best to clean up the rather clean areas, as produc- tion can be most improved there. Areas with bad weeds commonly make too much growth and yields would be moderate even with very few weeds until vine growth is shorter.
2. A spring- reflow may delay weeds more than the cranberries, making weed control less efficient.
3. New non-fruiting beds can be cleaned up by July 1 and still get blossom buds from new uprights from below tips scorched by the Stoddard.
4. As to material, it seems best to use a fortified Stoddard if the tough weeds are to be controlled. Common ones are: Northern wire, star, sickle, and satin grasses, rag- weed, blue joint, St. Johnswort, etc. Two gallons of Blu-Kem con- centrate per 100 gallons of Stod- dard is recommended for the late- starting weeds.
5. Wire grass can be sprayed early while the cranberries are thoroughly dormant. Applications on late weeds should not be later than the green bud stage unless it is decided to gamble on some early buds and let the weeds get up enough for better killing.
Unsatisfactory results are gen- erally due to:
1. Streaked killing because of poor booms.
2. Applications following sand- ing when late weeds are covered and cannot be hit with the spray.
3. Failure to wet young shoots of such plants as star grass under heavy vines.
In Colonial times more than 90 per cent of our people were produc- ing food for themselves and the rest of the people.
\\tuumifuul
CRANBERRIES
NOW IS THE TIME TO PREPARE FOR BETTER CRANBERRY MARKETS. CASH IN WITH TOP PRICES AND MINIMUM FEES IN
INDIAN TRAIL
Put a "ceiling" on your sales costs. Why pay more? Inves- tigate today.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
- PRUNING and RAKING CRANBERRY BOGS
We have found in a good many bogs all that is necessary is raking to remove the dead vines, while I in others it is necessary to prune and rake.
I The C & L pruner and raker are fitted to do both
I efficiently and economically, raking from $4.00 to
I $6.00 per acre, pruning and raking from $15.00 to
I $18.00 per acre.
I If you desire to have your bog either raked, or
I pruned and raked, this Spring, we advise you to con- 1 tact the C & L Equipment Company as soon as pos- sible. All indications are that we will have more work than we can possibly do this Spring.
F. P. CRANDON 1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD 191 Leonard Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 34332
NlnatM*
HIGHER CROP YIELDS IN THE FUTURE
/ If the past 25 years is a mea- |sure of how plant research can 1; help meet food needs of a growing ji population, this nation can look li forward to hundreds of improved 'i crop varieties producing much i) higher yields and better quality if feeds and foods than those now I grown, a plant scientist of the U. I S. Department of Agriculture de- ' Clares.
The scientist is Dr. K. S. Qui- senberry, assistant chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. In the past 25 years Federal-State research has produced and released to farmers 293 new varieties of wheat, oats, and barley, 67 of sorg- hum, 25 of flax, 76 of various legumes, and 48 of grass. USDA, the State experiment stations, and commercial seed companies have released about 350 corn hybrids. These add up to a total of 859 new varieties of field crops during the period.
Corn hybrids have increased
yields by at least 30 percent or a total of % billion bushels annually. The hybrids also have stronger stalks, grow and mature more uni- formly, and in some cases are more resistant to insects and dis- eases. New wheat varieties give in- creased yields because of earliness. Winter-hardiness disease, and in- sect resistance, stiff straw, and other desirable characters. Higher yielding soybeans account for in- creases of 20 percent in soybean production, and 10 percent more oil. New disease resistant legumes, such as Ranger and Buffalo alfalfa and Kenland red clover, are ac- counting for higher yields of for- age, niore livestock production, and soil enrichment.
These gains indicate how today's improved varieties will help farm- ers meet production goals in 1952, but they will not do the job in 1977, says Dr. Quisenberry. While plant scientists are busy creating new ci'op varieties, nature is busy producing new diseases to attack them. Crop scientists still have too little infonnation on what in- sects or diseases may apear if an
"FATHER-OP-YEAR" TO EAT CRANBERRIES
Chicken and cranberry sauce has been selected as the official fare for Father's Day by the Nat- ional Father's Day Committee and will provide the main dish at the Father's Day dinner, Waldorf- Astoria, New York City, May 27, NCA announces.
This dinner honors the "Father- of-the-Year". Anticipated is nat- ionwide coverage on newsreels, television, radio and newspapers.
Novel Cranberry Relish
Wash and pick over one pound cranberries; rinse one cup seedless raisins. Wash one whole lemon and cut in quarters; remove seeds. Put cranberries, raisins and lemon (peel, membrane and all) through food chopper, using medium blade. Add one cup sugar. Let stand an hour or longer in the refrigerator before using.
entirely new variety becomes wide- ly grown, or if farmers adopt a new farming practice. (USDA)
We of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Co., are proud to belong to the American Cranberry Exchange and the National Cranberry Association, the two or- ganizations without which chaos would be prevalent in the cranberry industry today.
We are proud of the service our local is perform- ing for the membership, we are too busy doing a job to personally canvass members of other selling organ- izations realizing we would only stand to gain a few malcontents and eccentrics.
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company
(A Cooperative)
WISCONSIN RAPIDS
WISCONSIN
Jw»»tf
Cranberries Are Featured at Big Boston Store
A "salute" to Cape Cod and Massachusetts cranberries during the week of April 28 was given by Jordan Marsh of Boston, the fourth largest department store in the nation. NCA, with the help of the the Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, had a miniature bog planted in one of the large Washington street display win- dows. This meant that the throngs constantly crowding Boston's busi- est street, saw real vines growing, although the berries, because sea- son, were imitation.
"Pickers", two feet high, were harvesting with miniature scoops. Picking boxes were handy to the workers.
The store fashions featured cran- berry pickers' play clothes. One display showed a huge dish of cranberry sherbet. Cranberry scoops and cranberry products were found throughout the store. In the exhibit hall was a cranberry booth where the visitors each day tried Cranberry Juice Cocktail. They bought Ocean Spray products.
The color movie, "The Cranberry Story", was shown continuously. Jordan's announced the "salute" by ads in newspapers, on the radio and television. Cranberries are a part of Cape Cod and the promo- tion did much to further spread the fame of cranberries.
On hand to assist those inter- ested were Miss Betty Buchan, NCA's publicity director, and oth- ers of the Hanson office.
DO YOUR BEST TO CONTROL YOUR PESTS"
Dr. Henry J. Franklin, director of the Massachusetts Cranberry Station, whose retirement was an- nounced last month, made his final appearance before the Southeast- ern Cranberry Club at Rochester Grange hall. There were talks on the probable general cranberry shortage this fall. Dr. Franklin placed a bit of verse before the club members.
It was this: "Do your best To control your pests,"
TROL
^ Cranberry Root Grubs ^ White Grubs * Poison Ivy ^ Chokeberry ir Wild Bean
use
SOLVAY
TRA0e-Mfl«K REG. U. S. PAT. OFF.
PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE
The Massac/iusefts Cranberry Exper'imenf Sfaiion Charts recommend Para-dichlorobenzene for treating Root Grubs, White Grubs, Chokeberry, Poison Ivy and Wild Bean. For best results, bogs should be treated in April or early May. Ask for details.
••mi^» SOLVAY para-dichlorobenzene
FOR TREATING CRANBERRY BOGS is distributed by
THE CRANBERRY TRADING POST
• Onset, Mass.
• Hanson, Mass.
• North Harwich, Mass.
PnilllV PlirP nilflPinU allied chemical & dye corporation
dULVAT dALtd UIVIolUN 45 muk street, boston 9, mass.
Fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Page 5)
WASHINGTON
Cranguyma Open House
Cranguyma Farms had an open house in the new processing plant on May 3. Pictures were shown and refreshments served. The gathering was not limited to cran- berry or blueberry growers but was open to everyone in the Long Beach area.
Surpifse Party
On April 27 most of the mem- bers of the Long Beach Cranberry Club gave a surprise housewarm- ing at the B. B. Sanders new home at Nahcotta. The new house is on a ridge overlooking the Saunders cranberry property. The home is modern in all respects. D. J. Crow- ley made an appropriate talk in presenting a gift.
Install Sprinklers
Carl Brateng and John Sacks have installed new sprinkler sys- tems this spring. Charles Grinr- stead is also working on one.
NEW JERSEY
April Mild, Much Wetter
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing April was alightly more mild than usual but rainfall greatly ex- ceeded the normal for this month.
The average temperature was 59.9° F. which is 2.2° above nor- mal. Temperatures were about normal throughout the month. However, a warm spell from the 18th through the 23rd, during which the daily maxira'um was above 75°, brought the average temperature for the month above normal. The maximum tempera- ture during the month was 88° on the 2nd and the minimum was 32° on the nights of the 8th and 10th. 6th Month of Above Normal Rain
April was the 5th month in the past 6 months that rainfall was gr eater than nornral. The total amount of precipitation was 6.29 inches or 2.03 inches above the average for April. There were 13 rainy days in the month including 6 successive days (23rd-28th, incl.) during which 4.20 inches of rain fell.
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM
USE
RYANIA
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL
DUSTING AND SPRAYING
NORWOOD, MASS. RAY MORSE. Agent Tel Wareham 420
Twenty-tifo : . -jii; ; j.__.
Cranberry Growers
CTAND PESTS
With These Outstanding Du Pont Chemicals
ARLATE'lnsccticide controls insects the safe way.
Here's the basic chemical for insect control on cranberries: Du Pont "Maria te" methoxychlor insecticide. Controls fireworms, leafhoppers, fruitworms, tip worms, San Jose scale crawlers and girdler moths. You can use "Marlate" safely early in the season, for it doesn't burn tender foliage. And you can use "Marlate" up to within a week of harvest for insect control, without a toxic resi- due problem. Effective in dusts or sprays, compatible with other chem- icals including "Fermate" fungicide.
FERMATE®Fungicide prevents leaf and fruit diseases.
Mild on the plants, but tough on diseases, "Fermate" fungicide helps you get better yields of clean fruit from every acre of bog. Du Pont "Fermate" is highly effective against cranberry leaf spot and certain fruit rots that attack the crop. Does not boiil young leaves, is safe to use even in hot weather, is compatible with other spray and dust chemicals. Use "Ferm.ate" with "Marlate" for an ideal insect- and disease-control pro- gram.
See your dealer for full information and supplies of these Du Pont Chemicals. Ask him also for free booklets on "Fer- mate," ''Marlate," Du Pont Weed Killers and other pest- control products. Or write to Du Pont, Grasselli Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Delaware.
"tSuS.PAi.OFF-
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING
. . . THROUGH CHEAHSTRr
At Chatsworth, records taken by William S. Haines, Jr., show a slightly warmer weather than Pemberton's and almost identical rainfall. The average temperature was 51.1° and 6.28 inches of rain occurred.
Frosts
Frost damage in April was threatened on only one night, April 30, when bog temepratures of 23-25 occurred. Fruit buds, how- ever, were small and hard at that time.
Blueberries
Rainy weather in April favored the development of blueberry mum- my berry. There have been a num- ber of severe attacks of the prim- ary blight. An informative illus- trated sheet on this subject has been prepared by the Extension Service.
"Slow pokes" can cause accidents as well as "hot rods", reports the National Safety Council. Slow- moving trailers or tractors are of- ten involved. To protect yourself and the other fellow always use red lights.
SEE THE NEW
It't self-propelled . . . you just guide it. Cuts tough weeds, lawns, even saplings! Save hours of toil with a Jari. See it now!
Mass. Clubs Told Methods To Get Increased Crops
Since the last issue of CRAN- BERRIES the Cape Cod Cranberry clubs have each had a meeting. J. Richard Beattie urged the grow- ers to get their requests for frost warning service in and Emil St. Jacques advised the growers to get their equipment in working order before it was needed.
Fertilizer Benefits
F. B. Chandler spoke on ferti- lizers, stating there was some bene- fit from early application in the same year the application was made. He then gave some of the methods of application which re- duced the cost of application. Dr. Chandler then pointed out some of the soil drainage problems and gave the results of studies made in Barnstable county. He explained
ANNUAL CAPE COD MEETING
(Continued from Page 4)
again this year, according to Dr. Franklin. "Tony" Briggs' study of insect control by different meth- ods of application. Dr. Franklin said, would be published. This re- port shows the cost of application of insecticides is least with flood- ing, and most with ground spray. In commenting on the new insecti- cides. Dr. Franklin said DDT has been a good insecticide for you — "do not trade an old friend for a new one".
that poor drainage in the soil r<^- sults in shallow root growth and slow "vining in". The better drain- ing soils would have drainage in the middle of an hundred foot sec- . tion within three-quarters of an I hour, while the poorest draining soils would not have any for ten days.
How to Increas'= Production
C. E. Cross talked about the crops, first pointing out that for the past seven years the crop had been above the ten year average for that year. For the coming year his hopes w^re not too high except for Barnstable county. Dr. Cross then urged the growers to conduct all of their bog operations to produce the largest crop possible in 1952. The following are some of the points mentioned: rake a bog carefully, for this decreases the number of berries pulled off by runners at harvest; distribute sand carefully; clean ditches in the low spots to improve drainage; us" fertilizer where needed and kero- sene early.
Weather Increased Wisconsin Prospects
Dr. Franklin told the growers that the recent weather had im- proved the crop possibilities for Wisconsin, and he also expressed the importance of producing a large crop in 1952 to supply the market which has been developed in recent years.
Dr. Franklin discussed some of the new insecticides and pointed out that they were lethal to bees
>pooocxaooooooooooooooooooooooooooa
nil WAIHWOTOM •«««
Twenty-four _
(See Editorial Page) CRANBERRIES Magazine Presidential Poll
For President I want
I believe will be the D. Nominee
I believe -._ will be the R. Nominee
I believe __ will be Elected
Please do not sign name; merely send to
CPvANBERRIES, WAREHAM, MASS.
If you do not care to mutilate your copy, give us your r'eply on a slip of paper.
and to man and for that reason he did not care to recommend them. New officers of the Lower Cape Club are: President, Ashal Drake; vice-president, Lloyd Deane; secre- tary-treasurer, Calvin Eldridge.
The Conquistadore's first fortress in the New World was built in 1503 in Cuidad Trujillo, Dominican Republic.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
3-3060 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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166 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE. WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. g3rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES. Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison 1 |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND. ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 4S |
Statu |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
A FRIEND
On Your Bog, In Your Home;
-IS-
ELECTRICITY
Plymouth County Electric Co.
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WAREh |
HAM |
pn |
rMOUTH |
1 |
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TEL. 200 |
TEL. 1300 |
1 |
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.i-'>'.:-^m-^^M.-:!' |
.-^-r, ^> ^riei |
^ViiV>- |
"sr^lt Vv;,,-^Si4j!!^*.!5~;is |
f '^'^^^ ^1 |
Co-Operatives' Vital
"Farmer cooperatives are vital to the contin- ued functioning of agriculture as a strong pro- ductive segment of the national economy.
It is important that farmers have means of acting together for common purposes and in order to protect their economic position."
Eatmor Cranberries
THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY
9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
5ac53=»«»:5=Da_t:0=S53p3Oy3V^
The Cranberry Tradition Is Spreading
Cranberry Sauce was first a traditional dish at
Thanksgiving. Now it's on the holiday menu EVERY HOLIDAY!
Displays like this, linking Ocean Spray with both turkey and ham, are making cranberry sauce as popular at Eastertime as it is at Christ- mas. Special holiday promotions of Ocean Spray are creating a revolu- tion in cranberry eating habits that is constantly enlarging the year 'round market for cranberries.
Membership in Nat.iona) Cranberry Association represents a share in the ownership of the Ocean Spray brand name. Ownership of the Ocean Spray brand is the cranberry grower's security that his entire crop will be sold — and bring him a fair return.
National Cranberry Association
THE GROWERS' COOPERATIVE
Han$on, Massachusetts
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
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HARDIE SPRAYERS |
CHRYSLER Induitriat Engines |
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BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster |
^ ,/U^ |
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^K(r^^— jgt^^ |
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DISSTON CHAIN SAWS |
aW^^ |
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MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN |
"HO/ISEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE" |
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SAWS GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps |
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS |
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MATHEWS WHEEL and |
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL |
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ROLLER CONVEYOR |
PARTS & SERVICE |
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INSECTICIDES |
Immediate Deliveries |
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FUNGICIDES |
See Your Local Pump Dealer |
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WEED KILLERS |
or |
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Frost Insecticide Co. |
WALTER H. MORETON CORP. |
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24 Mill St. |
9 Commercial Ave. |
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Arling:ton 74, Mass. Tel. AR 5-6100, 5-6101 |
Cambridge, Mass. Elliot 4-7891 |
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RRIGATION |
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jiiiiaiiiiiiiiiinDiiiiiiiiiiiiQiiiiiiiiiiiinin:: |
FOR SALE
HAYDEN
— SEPARATOR — Wareham — Mass.
NEW— •
All-steel
Portable
CONVEYORS
SAND LOADERS
Stationary Conveyors
and
ELEVATORS
I SKINNER SYSTEM |
I IRRIGATION HEADS |
I □
I CHAMPION Portable Tubing |
9 in Steel or Aluminum □
I Helpful Literature Gladly Sent|
I GEORGE N. BARRIE |
= 33 Station Street |
I Brookiine, Mass. =
-iiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiir POLLINATION
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1S64
No. Hanover, Mass.
» INTERNATIONAL Engines
• LAWRENCE Propeller Pumps
• DEMING Centrifugal Pumps
• McCULLOCH and HOME- LITE Power Saws
• NATIONAL Sickle-Bar Mow-
POLLINATION
100 strong double decker col- onies of bees for rent. Orders taken now.
Bee-Wise and get an extra 10 barrels of berries per acre by using strong colonies of bees.
LEWIS KONCES
612 Pond Street
So. Weymouth, Mass.
Tel. Weymouth 9-.'?811-W
Bought and Sold
Barnstable County Bogs
For Sale — 10 acre bog with home and large lake acreage — 20 acres excellent bog open to offer. Other listings needed.
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor — Main Street West Harwich — Tel. 1195
BLUEBERRY PROPERTY
fi'ORSALE — App. 18 acres blueberries with two mod- ern bungalows, large packing house and other buildings, tractor, trucks, duster and other tools. Every thing modern and in good condition. If inter- ested write William X. Huber, Medford, N. J.
g LOANS
THE NATIONAL FARM LOAN ASSOCIATION of Bridgewater
2 Central Square Bridgewater, Mass.
Federal Land Bank Loans 41/2% Lonir Term. Tel. 6377
Middleborough Trust Company
MIDDLEBORO MASS.
Member of
The Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
Classified Directory (Cont.)
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
Attention Growers!!
for
your Spring
weed control
we offer
water white
kerosene "GRADE A"
metered trucks Stoddard Solvent
SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY
Wareham, Mass. tel. 93-J
Water White KEROSENE
STODDARD SOLVENT
TANK TRUCK SERVICE
and
HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING
Arranged.
NATHAN G. ROBY
Carver, Mass.
Range and Fuel Oils Tel. 95
Bottled Gas and Appliances
Cranberry Growers
Always Especially
WELCOME
to
Visil and Ride
THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD
South Carver, Mass. Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood
NEW SANDING METHOD CUTS DOWN COST
A new method of sanding- bog has been in use this Spring on bogs of the J. J. Beaton Company, Wareham, Mass. Gilbert T. Bea- ton has been operating v.'ith a Ford- Ferguson tractor and two ordinary trailer bodies, as a unit.
A tractor hauls one trailer out to the area to be sanded, running over 3 inch planking. The power unit is then unhooked and sent back for the other trailer, while the work of spreading goes on con- tinuously. Each trailer carries a yard or a little less and this is spread from wheelbarrows.
Rcaldii has saiHlcd an acr'c ami
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
SUPPLIES
CORRUGATED BOXES
of Special Design
Manufactured for cran- berry growers for over fifteen years.
J.&J. Corrugated Box Corp.
Fall River, Mass. Tel. 6-8282
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
a quarter a day, with a crew of 9 men. He believes he has cut down cost of sanding by appro.ximately one-third. About 23 acres have bren ended this Spring in this man-
Two
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Many Frost Threats Threats of frost have kept growers near their pumps all Spring. Twenty-two general
warnings have been released to date (June 9), compared with 37 warnings last Spring. Water sup- plies have been ample; in fact, our reservoirs are higher than for several years. Very little frost damage has been reported.
Dr. H. J. Franklin's Final Keep- ing Quality Forecast has been mailed to growers through the County Agents' offices. It is as follows: "Weather conditions through June 9 indicate that the general keeping quality of the Massachusetts cranberry crop for 19.'>2 will be reasonably good. Cer- tain bogs produce poor quality fruit nearly every year. Special fungicidal treatments are in order for such bogs. Control measures for fault rots are carefully out- lined in the new Insect and Dis- ease Control Charts. The first fungicidal treatment should be made just as the bog is coming into bloom, and the second treat- ment towards the end of the blos- soming period."
We hope growers will use this forecast wisely. Marketing or- ganizations need the best quality fruit that we can produce.
Watch for Gypsies
The writer recently collected his first gypsy moth caterpillar in the area treated two years ago under the special aerial-spray program to control this pest. It was col- lected on a bog in East Wareham about one-half mile from the Cranberry Station. Joe Kelley has also collected one on a bog in the Waterville section of Middleboro. The Department of Conservation and the local Moth Superinten- dents were immediately notified. Representatives from the depart-
ment have carefully checked these areas, and no additional "gypsies" were located; however, the sur- rounding uplands will be inspected again. It would be most helpful if growers would also watch for this pest when sweeping their bogs. If a gypsy moth caterpillar is collected, growers are urged to notify their local Moth Superin- tendents immediately and save the specimen for him. By cooperating in this manner we may be able to stop a possible infestation before it develops into major proportions.
First Weed Bulletin
It now appears that the first part of Dr. Chester Cross' long- awaited Weed Bulletin, which deals with grasses, will be avail- able to growers by the last of June. Growers may receive their copy by writing to the Mailing Room, University of Massachu- setts, Amherst, Mass., their Coun- ty Agricultural Agent's office, or the Cranberry Experiment Station. It is beautifully illustrated by Mrs. Cross, who is an accom- plished artist and botanist. Every grower should have a copy of this bulletin.
Timely Weed Notes
We have some timely notes from Dr. Cross on weed control. Grow- ers have found 2,4-D to be a very useful weed killer, particularly in the control of Three Square Grass. The Triethanolamine salt, 4 lbs. acid per gallon, is the only type of 2,4-D recommended on the new chart. It should be diluted at the rate of one part 2,4-D to two parts water for the above-men- tioned weed, and applied without touching the cranberry vines. Dr. Cross tells us that 2,4-D is still in the experimental stage but ap- pears to be effective in the control of Loosestrife, Hardback, Mea- dowsweet, Leatherleaf, Choke-
berry, and Bayberry. The same dilution is recommended as for Three Square Grass. The "hockey stick" technique is one of the more popular methods for applying 2,4-D to these tall weeds which stand above the vines.
Dr. Cross recommends that the whorl disc, which fans out the spray in a knapsack sprayer noz- zle, should be removed when applying Stoddard solvent as a spot treatment under the vines. The removal of this disc results in a single stream of Stoddard that can be directed at the base or crown of the weed without in- jury to the new vine growth. If Stoddard is applied carefully, fol- lowing these directions, it can be used effectively during the Sum'- mer months for the control of Small Brambles, Loosestrife, and Asters.
Dr. Cross recommends the use of Iron Sulfate for the control of large Cinnamon and Royal Ferns. Place small amounts of Iron Sul- fate at the base of these ferns — one handful should treat three or four ferns. Asters and Pitchforks are plentiful, and Iron Sulfate, applied dry as recommended in the Weed Chart, is very effective in controlling these weeds.
Labor Committee
The Cranberry Labor Committee has been very active under the able leadership of Francis J. But- ler. It appears at this time that imported labor may be required during the harvest period. The only imported labor available will be Puerto Ricans. The Massachu- setts Division of Employment Se- curity is prepared to import Puerto Ricans under a program very similar to the one adopted
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
7>rf»
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
It has been of great interest to witness the general satisfaction of Western Picker users tliroug'hout the various cranberry growing areas in the U. S.
Since 1946, when this mechanized picker was introduced, much of the general prejudice against mechan- ical pickers has been overcome. So much so, that there is scarcely an area in the U. S. that hasn't tried various types of machinery to pick cranberries — dry, wet, or in a pul- verized state. The industry is now getting mechanically conscious.
We of the Western Picker organ- ization feel that we are largely re- sponsible for this change of atti- tude within the industry. We should feel (but don't) highly com- plimented that our picker has been more widely imitated than any othei'.
We gladly compare our picker with others not using our basic principles, as, for instance, various types of water pickers. When you are through picking with this type of picker it still costs the grower more to prune and comb his vines than it does to pick and prune the same vines with a Western Picker.
The same holds true for all types of Vacuum pickers. Picking costs alone will average four times the picking costs with a Western.
For reconditioning a bog which
has been neglected for some time
nothing will take the place of a
Western Picker, both for results
[and costs.
When a grower buys a Western Picker he knows that he is not buy- ing an orphan. He is always with- , in reach of an experienced man
(Adv.)
laast year if local supplies of har- vest labor are not adequate; how- ever, they must have orders for local harvest labor requirements before an imported labor program can be devolped. These orders should be placed aas soon as possi- with the local employment offices. Thursday, June 26, at 10 a. m., at the A. D. Makepeace Company of- fice in Wai-eham, the Cranberry Labor Committee will meet again to discuss the problem. All grow- ers who anticipated that they may need imported labor this Fall are invited to attend.
CRANBERRY MAN'S PUMP RAISES SUNKEN FREIGHTER
Raising sunken vessels is not ordinarily connected in any way with cranberry work, but men of the cranberry industry did play a part in floating the Arizona Sword at the Cape Cod Canal last month. The Sword is a freighter, 305 ft. long, of 5,500 tons, valued at about a million and a quarter dollars, which had been at the bottom of the waterway since it was in col- lision with a collier a little more than a year ago.
After the removal of 5,000 tons of sulphur from her holds, it be- came necessary to get the water out of her, and in this the main pump used was designed by Emil C. St. Jacques, Hayden Separator
Company of Wareham. He pat- terned it after a cranberry bog pump, propeller type. It was a 17 inch pump, capable of a 48 ft. lift, powered by a 140 h. p. gas engine, and threw about 5,500 gal- lons a minute.
Several all-out attempts were made before the ship was made buoyant and gotten afloat. She had listed at a 32 degree angle as she lay on the bottom. To right her, many heavy steel cables were fastened to tractors on the shore, which took up the tension as she was rising. Among the tractors used were those of Alvan Crocker, Barnstable cranberry grower. Rais- ing of the ship was a spectacle watched by many from the shore of the canal and duly covered by the press in stories and photo- gi-aphs.
EDAVILLE RAILROAD RE-OPENS JUNE 27
The famous Edaville Railroad, operating over the Atwood cran- berry plantation at South Carver, re-opens for the season June 27, every afternoon and early evening, through Labor Day. A special latch-string is always out for cranberry growers.
Read Cranberries Advertising
A REMINDER
In this space we have frequently pointed out how insurance coverage on your property should pace rising costs. Today building ma- terials, automotive parts, hand tools, every- thing vou need to stay in business are at rec- ord highs. Our free appraisal and engineer- ing services can help you keep pace with adequate insurance.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock- 6-0830
four
\^ *^''' ""•'"'"' "^^^^v^
ISSUE OF JUNE 1952 — VOL. 17, NO. 2
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham. Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-on"ice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
Bogs Look Good
As June came in bogs were look- ing considerably better. Most growers, however, do not anticipate a big crop. One reason is that prospects are spotty on many prop- erties.
It does look like a "Barnstable County Year," however, which means that the Cane proper which has not had the best of crops in most years recently may come through with a heavy one. Greater proportion of acreage, is, of course, in Plymouth County.
On the favorable side toward cropping is the fact that much acreage has been held out of pro- duction last year through flooding for grub, or not produced because of renovation work. These areas should be up.
No Spring Frost Losses
Insects had not appeared to any heavy extent up to the end of the month. Spring frost losses were practically none. It is feared there may be more gypsy moth than usual because of so much frost flooding this Spring.
More Bees This Year? getts may expect an unusual
" A "warning" that Massachu- swarming of bees has been issued by State Agricultural Commis- sioner Henry T. Broderick. He said the swaming might reach almost "epidemic" proportions. If there are mord bees this season than nor- mal this would work to the advan- tage of cranberry growers Dr. Franklin confirms. May Rainfall, Temperature Normal
Temperature was about average for the month. Boston Weather Bureau reported average was .57, just about normal. April had been
Plan Retiring Tribute to Dr. Franklin
Cranberry growers are making plans to honor Dr. H. J. Franklin in his retirement in two ways. First, the annual August meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association is to be known this year as "Dr. Franklin Day." Secondly, a committee has decided as a tribute, that a new room and addition at the present Experiment Station at East Wareham would be appropriate as a retiring gift from growers. The room will be known as "Dr. Franklin's Room," and would provide him a study in which to carry on any research work that he is desirous of continuing. The group has the assurance of Dean Selling of the University of Massachusetts that this room, to be placed on the "front" or south end, of the building will have his approval.
In a letter to all cranberry growers, it is said in part; "We as cran- berry growers, know that Dr. Franklin has rendered a service to us that we shall never be .ible to return in terms of dollars. Although the As- sociation is sponsoring this day (Dr. Franklin Day) we want all grow- ers, sales agencies, and cranberry growers to join with us to show our deep affection for Dr. Franklin."
The committee in charge of the fund raising is: G. T. Beaton, chair- man; Ferris Waite, treasurer; Mrs. Ruth Beaton, secretary; Kenneth Garside, Robert C. Hammond, Edward L. Bartholomew, Ralph Thacher, Robert S. Handy, Russell Makepeace, J. Richard Beattie, Dr. F. B. Chandler, Dr. Chester E. Cross.
50.5,4 above normal. Boston had 50.5, 4 above normal. Boston had S.46 inches of rain in May, .35 inch above normal. Rain was recoi'ded in Boston on 18 days in May and there had been 17 in April. There was rain all four Sundays in May and the first Sunday in June also had some precipitation.
Rainfall at the State Bog, East Wareham was 3.12 inches, slightly less than the 3.18 recorded as nor- mal oyer the last 60-year period average for the area, Middleboro, Wareham, Hyannis. Recordable rain fell at East Wareham on 10 days with traces on 3 others.
Sunshine Deficient
Sunshine hours were deficient which would have an adverse ten- dency on the 1953 production. Dr. Franklin felt the first of June that
May had been "slightly favorable" for keeping qualtiy.
NEW JERSEY
Less Flooding in May
Pireworms and blossom worms were active in the latter half of May. Abundant water supplies made flooding easy on a good many bogs.
There has been comparatively little need for frost reflowing so far this season. Warnings were sent out by the Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory on six even- ings. There does not seem to have been any occasion of real frost damage. Accordingly, less flooding than usual was somewhat of a com- pensation for the 26 partly cloudy and rainy days in April and 28 in May.
FWf
RUSSELL MAKEPEACE, wide- ly known in the cranberry indus- try, and for many years moderator of his home town, Marion, Mass., read the town's constitution at the opening of Marion's 100th anni- versary of incorporation last month. Observances will continue through the Summer. Marion, in the last state cranberry census had 127 acres of bog and ranked 28th in towns which grow cranber- ries in the Bay State.
NEW JERSEY
New Bulletin About June 15 cranberry growers will receive a 4-page bulletin by R. S. Kilmer and C. A. Doehlert on "The Use of Honeybees on Cranberry Bogs". Out-of-state residents wishing copies may have them on payment of five cents each;
check or money order payable to N. J. Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion.
Blueberry Crop Reduced The blueberry crop will be de- fiinitely reduced by inadequate pol- lination and molding of flowers and berries in the cluster. Both of these conditions were brought about by the rainy, cloudy weather.
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing May was considerably wetter and cooler than normal. The aver- age temperature was 59.4°F., which is 4.3° colder than the aver- age for May. Rainfall was 4.51 inches, which is 1.36 inches in ex- cess of nomal.
At Chatworth records kept by William S. Haines showed that the tempeiature was approximately the same as at Pemberton. However, the precipitation there was 5.93 inches.
May was the seventh month in the past eight months during which rainfall was above normal. In the five months of this year 23 inches of rain has fallen at Pemberton, which is 6.94 inches more than or- mal tor this period.
I'. E. Marucci, Association Re- search Specialist.
WISCONSIN
Cold Weather Slows Growth Cold weather has had a tendency to slow down the progress of growth on the marshes. Prospects
at the present time are estimated by "Del" Hammond, as for a "nor- mal or a little above normal crop."
At first of June fireworm infes- tation had started and controls were being used. Good results were obtained this Spring on weeds and grasses with Stoddard Solvent. No Important May Frost Damage
There was no important frost damage during May, although there was some minor water injury by flooding'. Insect control had not generally be^un first of June, being- hampered by wind, frost threat, flooding, rainfall, either singly or in combination.
Reservoirs Upped by Rains
Cranberry Frost Service was re- activated May 1. Warm weather during the latter part of April hastened vine growth and made it imperative that frost warnings be made early. Frost quarters, with Arthur F. Wolford, meteorologist in charge, is at the Wisconsin Rapids nost off'ice. May 1 was very warm with a 90 but immediately thereafter a cooler trend set in and extended the rest of the month. There was justifiable frost flooding on more nights than in 1951. Low- est readings reported were about 17 (very cold pockets) on the morn- ing of May 29. Rainfall increased durinji the latter part of May, with the satisfactory result of putting an end to most reservoir worries duo to low levels.
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• • •
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«?
''Joe" Hackel Rebuilding Old Brown Bog On Long Island
Property Probably Longer in Existence than Manorville Bogs — Beginning Extensive Sanding Program — "Fish Pond" there is Sportsman's Paradise — On other Properties Ducks Paddle where Cranberries Once Grew.
{Editor's Note; The followinpr is the second of two articles upon the cranberry industry on the Island owned by New York State.)
By CLARENCE J. HALL
Contrasting sharply in appearance with the well-kept Manorville bog, is that of Joseph W. Hackel at Calverton. That, however, cannot be blamed upon Mr. Hackel. He has only owned the property since Deecember, 1950 — and he is starting to put it back into first class shape. This property, as was mentioned previously, is an old one. Probably considerably older than Manorville, said to be possibly as much as 80 years, obviously a venerable age for any bog, anywhere. Cranberry Growing Dates From Civil War Cranberry growing on Long Island seems to date from the Civil War. An article in the "Long Island Forum" upon Long Island cran- berries by Florence Delano says the first reference she could find to cultivated cranberries was in 1865, and the earliest planted marsh of actual record was that of Warren Hawkins and Buel Overton, who ex- perimented with small patches in a swanrp at the upper end of the east lake in Sayville in 1870. The pioneers were described as being successful, and they bought a larger marsh of about 40 acres from the Elmer Lane family near the northern end of an artificial lake north of Bayport. From that date until the 1900's
a number of bogs were in produc- tion in the Sayville, Patchogue
area. In the 1870's marshes were
owned in the Sayville area by a
Mr. Hines, Henry Ely and William
Steins. In about 1881 Mr. Hawkins sold
his share in his Bayport marsh to
Mr. Eli and purchased a six-acre
marsh from Mr. Hines. He and
John Edwards of Bayport operated
this area profitably until about
1900 when they sold out. This
marsh was neglected and never
utilized again for cranberries. This Patehogue-Sayville-Bayport
area is on the southern side of
Long Island, away from the two
remaining bogs.
In 1886 a Frank E. Woodhull of
Riverhead acquired 200 acres of
marshland near Riverhead and
planted 40 acres to cranberries.
This was operated and kept in
good bearing condition from then,
until as late as 1925, when Mr.
Woodhull sold it to a Rutherford
Inglee who operated it for a few
years. The property was sold a
few years ago by Mr. Inglee's
widow and the bogs are no longer
in production.
(The immediate foregoing his-
tory comes from an article in the Long Island Forum).
The "Brown Bog"
The Calverton bog was started by Edward L. Brown and was well- known as the "Brown Bog." After Mr. Brown's death it was operated by his son, Ralph C. who continued
Until his death. Then it was oper- ated by his widow, Mrs. Mary F. Brown. She placed the property on the market in 1948.
The property upon which this bog is located is said to have dated from a land grant from the King of England in 1660 to a family by the name of Edwards, the tract going entirely across Long Island from Ocean to Sound, and had been in the hands of only two families until its present owner, Mr. Hackel, took possession.
George Full-Time Worker
Hackel's father, John, worked for the Browns on the bog for many years, and it was through this fact that "Joe" Haskel be- came interested in the property. His brother, George, has been em- ployed at the bog for about 20 years. George makes his home at Calverton, working full time on the bog. "Joe," who is service man for the Long Island Produce and Fertilizer Company, supervises the work as owner.
The "Brown Bog," or rather the Hackel bog now, has most excel- lent water facilities. In fact the Peconic river is its main ditch, as it flows on its way into big Peconic Bay. The first Mr. Brown operated a mill at the bog property which dated back 150 years until it was torn down last spring. The oper- ations of this mill had included
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
•
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymouth Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
S«vwi
being a grist mill, a corn grind- ing mill, and sawing lumber, power coming from the Peconic. There had also been a cider mill. Mr. Haekel has obtained these mill rights for the control of water, subject, of course, to the New York State laws governing such nratters.
The Peconic rises from springs about 15 miles above the bog, and the bog itself is flowed from two reservoirs water being caught when the river is damned up. About five miles below the bog the river becomes brackish as it flows into tide water nearing the bay.
Original acreage of the Brown bog was about 35, with the entire property consisting now and for-
merly of 154. About 50 acres of the property are in Riverhead and the remainder in the township of Brookhaven. Riverhead is so named because it is at the head of the Peconic. It is a bustling, in- corporated borough of 7,000, 75 miles from New York, and is the shiretown of Suffolk county.
Riverhead, as do many of the more sizeable communities on Long Island, seems much nearer to being a small city than the towns of cor- responding population in Massa- chusetts or New Jersey cranberry aieas. They are more like the lar- ger cranberry towns of Wisconsin, such as Wisconsin Rapids, busy, drawing in trade from wide sur- rounding rural areas. Renovation
Haekel, in his bog renovations
THE EASY WAY
to install a pump
1. Dig a hole. No cofferdamming, spiling, or pump- ing out. Just a hole full of water.
2. Drop in the pump right in its prefabricated set- ting. Just leave off the discharge pipe and drive pulley.
3. Backfill the hole; add the discharge pipe and pulley; belt on the power and
4. Pump.
For I'ump settings as for flumes, see
R. A. TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant — Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
Tel. Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, MASS.
plans, has completely burned off five acres because of disastrous weed conditions, and this will be replanted to bring the total in good bearing back to 15 within a few years, he expects. One section has been made into a fine little pond, which he calls the "Fish Pond".
The bog was originally set to Massachusetts varieties, Howes, Blacks and Matthews. There is one piece of Blacks which is in excellent condition, and on this piece, which is about a, quarter acre, 140 bushel boxes were pro- duced in 1950, according to Mr. Haekel. This would be move than 180 barrels to the acre, which is good growing in any cranberry mar's ledger. Patches of Howes were equally heavy.
Plans Much Sanding
Vine growth on the bog is ex- ceedingly heavy, through neglect of sanding, so Mr. Haekel plans to do a good deal of that immediately. There is good bog sand on the property, but Haekel, as does Mi-. Laird, believes it is cheaper to buy elsewhere and have it hauled in.
The river bottom land on which the bog is located was originally a maple swamp.
Frosts Not Much of a Problem
Frosts are not too much of a problem in the opinion of George Haekel, who has had long exper- ience there. Temperatures have hit 20 on occasions in Fall and Spring, but around 30 to 34 is far more common on frosty night. "We usually just have to fill the ditches", says George, "and the steam this makes is sufficient. We haven't had any Spring frosts in the past two years. We get an early Spring here on Long Island and our bogs get an early start, so that we have to watch them on cold nights up to the middle of June."
Water is drawn off May 1, usual- ly, although the schedule, natur- ally, is considerably denendent up- on what kind of a Spring it is temperature-wise. As concerns frosts, operators of neither the Davis nor Brown bogs have the advantages as do growers in most other cranberry areas of having special frost warning services. They have to depend upon general weather reports in newspapers and
BUM
NM
radio, and their acquired exper- ience. They are strictly on their own, when it comes to frosts.
Blackheads Worst Insect
Chief insect problem is black- headed fireworm, the same as at Manorville. Last season a Stear- man biplane dusted for controls. Fruitworm, according to George doesn't seem to have been much of a nuisance until recent years.
The berries from the Brown bog are screened in a three-story wooden packing house at the edge of the main bog. Cool storage is provided by a portion of this building which cuts into a steep hill at the rear. The screenhouse is 85 by 31. Screening is by a Hayden Separator, and four or five local women do the sorting.
Harvesting is started the last week in September and often times runs into November and there has been picking as late as December. Local labor work with the Jersey type of scoop from the standing position. One scooper on the bog last fall was Mr. Hackel's mother, Mary, who is 78. She received the same rate of pay as the rest, $1 an hour, and kept up with the others in bringing in the fruit.
While the property was in the hands of the Brown family, crops were sold through American Cranberry Exchange, the bog be- ing a direct member. Berries were mostly shipped to nearby New York. During the last war fruit was sent to canners. Crop Sold Independently
The 1951 crop Mr. Hackel de- cided to sell independently, mostly in New York, where, through his work with LIPCO, he has estab- lished personal contacts with wholseale distributors of farm products. But, he says, he rather expects he eventually will become a member of ACE, placing the Brown back in that co-op.
At one time harvesting on this bog was done by importing ex- perienced pickers from Cape Cod, they being housed in bunkhouses during the picking season. This practice has long since been given up in favor of the use of local labor.
As mentioned, one section of the bog of about 10 acres has been made into the "Fish Pond." This Hacket has stocked with pickeral and bass. There is trout, native in the stream through the property, and plenty of them. Like a good
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deal of "sporting" Long Island this particular area abounds with game and game birds. There are black duck, teel and mallards, quail and rabbits.
Shoots Bullfrogs
"This particular spot with such shooting and fishing is a real sportsman's paradise," Mr. Hackel declares. He told of the enormous bullfrogs in the stream of his bog, some of these running up to two pounds in weight. He shoots them with a .45 revolver and then stores the carcasses away in deep freeze to make meals of frogs legs and backs. "If you can eat more than a couple of these frogs legs at a sitting," he adds, "you are doing good." Your reporter saw some of these hoppers in the ditches, and they were enormous.
Just as with Mr. Laird and cer- tain cranberry men everywhere, shooting, (especially wild duck) and fishing are the hobbies of Mr. Hackel. With his own interest in fishing and hunting and the excel- lence of both, with his stocked Fish Pond he has an opportunity to bring in other sportsmen as a business venture.
Ducks Paddle Where Cranberries Grew
Beyond the continuation of the Davis bogs as good cranberry properties and the rebuilding of the Brown bog there seems to be no future plans for cranberry growing on Long Island. Where there was once a lively beginning of an important cranberry area, there is now only decline. It has been attributed in part to lack of family interest, that is the desire of members to continue as second or third generation growers. New- comers do not appear to want to tackle the heavy expenditure of making bog.
So the bogs are either lying neglected, or have been turned in- to ponds (as bogs in the Medford, New Jersey areas have ben kept flooded and turned into lake re- sorts) these pieces of flooded bogs are now utilized as duck ponds in a number of instances. The fa- mous Long Island ducks paddle where cranberries once thrived.
Ten
Vol. 17 - No. 2 ISSUE OF JUNE 1952
0^;^«tcR««wr««,^^
FRIENDLY FOREIGNERS
Vjy^E don't actually know what that group of European extension workers and agricultural students who visited the Mass. State Bog and blueberry plantations in Southeastern Massachusetts (as told else- where in this issue) and then continued on to the West Coast, thought of America. They seemed to be having a good time, to be serious, and to be learning much. In fact, these British, Germans, Austrians and Yugo-Slavs appeared considerably like any group of Americans on a trip, or, more specifically, like American businessmen and women of one industry on a convention tour.
They were friendly, were treated in friendly manner in this country, and thejr were lively and interested in all they saw. They will probably carry back this month a friendly impression of the United States. People of various nationalities are pretty much the same kind of people after all. So what ails this world, so torn with ten- sions these days? Friendships are better than bullets or atom bombs.
"TREE FARMING"
"C'IRST "tree farm" award in Massachu- setts to go to a cranberry grower has gone to the A. D. Makepeace Company. We commend this public recognition of a worthwhile job well done, and congratulate the recipient. Mr. Makepeace and his as- sociates are preserving a natural heritage. And. as pointed out, aside from the benefit to the "Tree farmer" himself, there can be community good in the work.
If a considerable number of men can be kept employed in tree farming and later in making use of the lumber, it aids the community as well. If the farmer is a cranberry grower it serves a triple purpose, as has been pointed out many times before. It is one way of enabling a grower to keep a crew busy the year around at times when little actual bog work is possible.
MORE POTENTIAL CRANBERRY GROWERS
TT should be some encouragement to cran-
berry growers to hear that by 1960
Cwhich isn't so far away as it may sound)
this country will contain nearly 170 million
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAH. MASSACHUSETTI
Subscription 13.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
people. Today we do not have quite 152 million. This population growth will as- sure a big demand for farm, as well as other products.
That will include cranberries. While there is undoubtedly plenty of land which can be well utilized in cranberry culture, there seems to be not too many who want to go into cranberry growing, or have or will bother to acquire the specialized knowledge the business requires.
EUvaa
Looks For Better Returns For The Growers of New Jersey Who Can Produce More Fruit On Less Acreage
Vinton N. Thompson is One of the Younger, Hard-hitting Growers who are Concentrating Efforts on Their Best Pieces — Feels Property He Manages, "The Birches", is "On the Way Up" — Is Among those who are Concerned by Water Supplies.
(Editor's Note) : — This is the second of a series of four articles about New Jersey Browers. who are fighting for rehabilitation, and about Jersey's water scarcity threat.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
The remains of what is probably New Jersey's first bog (Built by Beii.1amin Thomas at Burr's Mills about 1835) and another dating from 1856, set out by Theonore H. Budd, grandfather of Theodore H. Budd, St., lie upon the cranberry property know as "The Birches," nrostly in Tabernacle Township. But there is nothing antiquated about the pres- ent management of these cranberry bogs, headed by Vinton N. Thomp- son. He is one of the more aggressive, progressive younger operators who are determined that cranberry growing can be made successful again in New Jersey.
He belongs to that group of hard-hitting cranberry men who are
rebuilding parts of older bogs, abandoning some parts, taking advantage
of modern cranberry "tools;" keeping up with the times and working
hard at the business of cranberry growing.
Vinton Thompson has been a di- out by M. L. Haines there. About
rector of the Growers' Cranberry Company of New Jersey for several years, director of NCA since 1950. In that same year he served the traditional one-year term as pres- ident of the American Cranberry Growers' Association.
Production has been as high as 5,700 barrels on this property with about 130 acres of bog, but the re- cent average has been 2,000 bar- rels, mostly from about 65 good acres out of about 100 which are still kept in production.
"Really Starting Up a Little"
"We feel that we really are starting up a little now, as our renovation program gets into ef- fect. We hope we are on the way," Thompson says.
While there was bog planting at "The Bii-ches," before, the real start of the property now so named, was in 1883 when Martin L. Haines, grandfather of Vinton built a bog. The property is now actually owned by the E. M. Haines Estate, but is operated by "The Birches Cranberry Company," a partnership consisting of Vinton, his brother, Charles Thompson and his sister, Mrs. Ella Wright.
The first Early Blacks to be planted in New Jersey were set
seventy percent of the acreage is currently set out to this Massa- chusetts variety,, and it is the variety Vinton is using in replant- ing. There are only about four acres of the original Jerseys, with a few Centennials, these having mostly been dispensed with.
Soil is mostly a mixture of sav- anna and mud. Water supply is fairly adequate, coming largely from Robert's Branch, and the bogs are flooded by gravity.
How He Rebuilds
Vinton's general program is to select the most likely portions of bog not in good condition and best suited to quick renovation. When he renovates, he burns and puts on a flood for three years and drowns out the vegetation. In this rebuilding he prefers not to disc. He feels this disturbs the soil too much. He does not sand when set- ting vines. But he believes it best to sand after growth and the plan is to resand every section at least once every ten years. He sands directly on the vines, using track and loading the cars with a power shovel. He expects to redouble his sanding this year. He has sanded as much as 50 acres in a single year, but, for financial I'easons
has found it impossible to liava done as much as he has wished, so far. He has now about 30 acres of completely rebuilt bog.
He does all the actual manage- nient, assisted by a crew of about four men the year around. "The Birches" is really a "plantation," set deep in The Pines. There are a number of dwellings and other buildings, including a huge screen- house. In the houses, built of Jer- sey cedar now time-darkened the workers live with their families. The foreman, who assist Vinton The foreman, who assists Vinton, Lewis Haines, has been at the bog since 1904. He is 71, but was ac- tive in sanding this past Winter. The spot is 14 miles from the near- est post office and 20 to the near- est movie. Such isolation makes it a trifle difficult to obtain good year-round help. The rate of pay, because of this, is somewhat high- er than that on many bogs, and Thompson figures that the wages, including free rent and other priv- ileges, amount to about $1.05 an hour.
Majored in Agricultural Economics
Vinton took over the manage- ment on January 1, 1947. His pa- rents lived in Vincetown, 14 miles from "The Birches," and he lived there as a boy, although his birth was in a Philadelphia hospital. He went to school in that town and early learned about cranber- ries and worked on bogs, picking, etc. Aftetr high school he was graduated from Cornell University, where he had majored in agricul- tural economics. From working Summers on the bogs of his uncle, Ethelbert Haines, at "Hog Wal- low," Chatsworth, he had become very much interested in cranberry growing. He still lives at Vincen- town with his wife, the former Marie Coville of New Lisbon and their three children, Vinton, III, 5; Lydia, 3 and Patricia, 2.
In 1942 he began service in the U. S. Army, his work being in the Quartermaster Corps. He saw service in France, Belgium, Lux- emburg. From the European Theatre he was shipped to the Philippines, making the voyage direct from France "a mighty long" 54-day, 13,000 mile sea trip.
Tw«W*
After the Philippines he was sta- tioned in Japan for a month. He came out of the army with a rat- ing of Captain.
Currently he is in the Reserves, 387th Q. M. Battalion of New Jer- sey, and is executive officer of the Battalion, with headquarters at Camden. He spends a portion of his time now in this work.
A little more history. Vinton's grandfather was one of the first to sell fresh cranberries to the Chaneys way back when they were starting in the cranberry business in 190S-06. One of the earlies brand names in Jersey was that given to the Early Blacks of M. L. Haines, the "Silver Medal". There is a notable collection of nearly every Jersey brand label in the office at "The Birches." Haines Always Co-operative in Marketing
The Haines have always been cooperative in cranberry market- ing. The E. M. Haines Company was a member of the Growers' Cranberry Co. before it became a member of ACE. The past year Vinton sold more of the crop through NCA than ACE because he deemed it best that way. "I like to give some of the crop to both co-ops," Vinton says, "but the quality really controls this."
Berries are scooped at "The Birches." Machine picking was tried but found unsuccessful, largely because of heavy vine growth. Once the berries are off, those destined for processing are sent to the NCA cannery at Bor- dentovm. Those to be sold fresh are stored in the big screenhouse on the property, built by M. L. Haines. This warehouse is two- stories high, 40 feet wide and 240 ft. long. It will hold 4,000 barrels.
In sorting, two Hayden Sepa- rators are used, and there are four of the old-fashioned J. J. White separators. Old as these Whites are, Vinton says, with their dif- ferent "kick" principle than that of "bounce," with theni he can take out every frosted berry, whereas the more modern sepa- rators will not do this. But, they are much slower in operation. Packing for the fresh fruit cello- phane trade is one packaging ma- chine manufactured by Emil C, St.
VINTON N. THOMPSON
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Jacques of Massachusetts.
A carload a day can be sorted. The sorting room is well-warmed, when necessary and a comfortable place in which to work.
In addition to the cranberry acreage of the property, which con- tains about 1800 acres of land al- together, there are five acres of blueberries, the fruit of which sold under the Tru-Blu label. There is considerable timber of value upon the property.
Concerned About Jersey
Vinton is among those who are more than a little concerned about the water situation of the cran- berry area of Southern Jersey. He knows there is heavy cutting of pulpwood and thinks this may be lowering the water table. He says the encroachment of industry could
bring about heavy diversion of water to industry, to the detriment of the cranberry growers. There is increasing real estate develop- ment in Southern Jersey and this, too, could bring about increased de- mand for water for domestic pur- poses, In support of this opinion he knows of offers to buy land, to be held for future development. He knows there are more people seeking Summer homes, and this causes the growers apprehension.
"People come out of the cities. We find them picking our cranber- ries, building fires, and fires are a great menace in these woods. They pull gates in the resei-voirs; they go swimming in the reservoirs. They are careless about many things."
As for immediate loss of water
JbirtM*
sources for himself, he says he is not worried. But he believes the whole matter is one for the grow- ers to give thorough attention to. Can't Foresee Big Jersey Increase
Pertaining to increased Jersey production in general, he says, "I really can't see any great increase in production for the State as a whole. What increase there is, will be njade by higher production on smaller acreage, at least for the immediate future. We, ourselves will have to learn to be better growers than we have been — ^by learning how to grow more fruit per acre under the conditions which exist in New Jersey.
"But, I do look for better returns for those growers who do learn how to produce more on less, and are willing to work hard for that gain."
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FourtMB
Fifteen Students From Europe Visit Cranberry Bogs
Fifteen European agricultural students, composed mostly of ex- tension sei-vice workers visited the Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Mass., and other points of interest on May 8, 9, 10. The group, made up of members from England, Germany, Austria and Yugoslavia was a part of Mu- tual Security Agency, traveling through the co-operation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Land-grant colleges.
The students are on a trip of ten weeks, from April 21 to June 25. They are mostly interested in small fruits, such as cranberries and blueberries, and vegetables. As concerns vegetables in this area they visited the huge brocolli farm, one of the biggest in the East at Veg-Acre Farms, Forest- dale. Proprietor William Richards has also one of the largest blue- berry plantations.
With headquarters at University of Massachusetts, Amherst, they arrived at Wareham by bus Wed- nesday evening and were put up at Buzzards Bay Lodge. There they were agreeably surprised by the heat, in contrast to lack of such in European establishments. Describes Cranberry Growing
Thursday morning they visited the State Bog. Dr. Franklin spoke to the group in the assembly room. He offered them a history of the cranberry industry, and then told how the growers fought insects and of the cranberry frost warning sei-vice. As Dr. Franklin talked in English, a German interpreter im- mediately spoke in that language through a mike to the others, who were equipped with earphones. All understood German. The Great Britain contingent listened directly. The visitors from the British Isles, incidentally, consisted of one Eng- lishman, a Scotsman and an Irish- man.
Technical Talks
Dr. H. F. Bergman, senior USDA pathologist told of his plant dis- ease studies, particulai-ly as con- cers oxygen deficiency in flood waters on bogs. The visitors knew of this deficiency in ponds as ap- plied to fish, but never had heard of the adverse effects of a defi- ciency of oxygen in plant life be- fore.
The use of kerosene as a weed killer was explained by Dr. Ches- ter E. Cross. The group was amazed that enough kerosene was available for growei-s to sprinkle 1,000 gallons to the acre. They
were impressed by the advanced knowledge of Dr. Cross who is be- coming noted in his particular field which is the control of various weeds by means of various chem- icals.
Dr. F. B. Chandler gave a dem- onstration of cranberry bog rak- ing and then swathed down the side of a ditch to show how a bog is built up, from peat to layers of sand. He gave a discussion on fertilizers, and particularly liquid fertilizers.
The visitors had never heard of a position such as that of J. Rich- ard Beattie, State Cranberry Spe- cialist, who acts as "liason" of- ficer between the researchers at the State Bog and the cranberry grow- ers. He told how he obtained the scientific information from the re- searchers and then passed it along directly to the growers in simple terms and by demonstration.
The group was very much in- terested in the flooding system at the State bog and much interested in the propellor-type pump which throws 10,000 gallons a minute. Following the pumping demonstra- tion the group went to a blueberry plantation of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Kelley near their home. At noon they had lunch at the Centre Res- taurant, Wareham.
In the afternoon they visited the "Crannies" (dehydrating plant) of the A. D. Makepeace Company at Wareham and tasted whole, dried cranberries. They then visited the "Century" bog of the Makepeace Company at White Island pond. They were amazed to see huge clam-shell shovels and a bog rail- road at work.
Plymouth Rock
Followed a trip to Plymouth Rock. The story of the Pilgrims was explained by the German in- completely "at her finger tips." It was said by the researchers at the Experiment Station she knew more of the Pilgrim history than they did, themselves.
Supper was at Bryant Hall, East Wareham. They saw the color movie, "The Cranberry Story." "Dick" Beattie and Fred Chandler showed color slides of local scenes. They were "stag- gered" by the beauty of Autunm foliage, saying there was no such cojor in Europe. They were also impressed by maple sugaring slides.
From Amherst the group went to Chicago by pullman, then flew to Salt Lake City. Utah, where they are to study the sugar beet industry. Other stops are Califor- nia, Medfors, and Corvallis, Ore- gon, where the State University is located, to study small fruits and Puyallup and Yakika, Washing- ton, to study apples, raspberries, strawberries.
Objective of Trip
As a side-light, about the only
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FiftMB
John C. Makepeace (right) receives the certificate of award for excellence in "Tree Farming," and woodlot sign from State Commissioner of Conservation Arthur T. Lyman at ceremonies at Tihonet, Wareham, May 7. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
unpleasant incident the visitors found in Massachusetts was the speed at which busses travel. Thirty miles an hour is the limit in England. In crossing to this country, some of the members flew, others came on the Queen Mary. The object of the American visit is that the members of the group may study American meth- ods of agriculture and then, re- turning, ijass on the information gained to farmers of their coun- tries, through extension sei'vice and otherwise.
At one time it was the custom for an engaged couple to wear a favorite flower as a mark of their engagement.
3ixte«i
A. D. Makepeace Gets Award for "Tree Farming"
The A. D. Makepeace Company has been awarded a certificate for efficiency in "Tree Farming, the certificate and woodlot placque be- ing presented to John C. Make- peace at an impressive ceremony at the ADM sawmill, Tihonet, Wareham, Mass., May 7. A num- ber of State officials and other notables were present. The pre- sentation was by Arthur T. Lyman,
Massachusetts Commissioner of Conservation. It was the first such award in the Bay State to a cran- berry grower.
Preceding the meeting, held in the mill, there was an exhibit of products made from native white pine. These included boats made mostly of pine, boxes to contain explosives, and cranberry boxes. Following the meeting there was a tour of woodlands.
Commissioner Lyman made the presentation in the absence of Senator Edward C. Stone, who was scheduled. He said the occasion was the 32nd certification of a "Tree Farm" in Massachusetts and raised the acreage from 17,500
acres to 27,595, as the Makepeace tree farms are approximately 10,- 000 acres, in locations from Brew- ster to Plympton.
L. C. Rawson, district manager, American Forest Products Indus- tries, said there are 3600 tree farms in 33 states, with a total of approx- imately 25,000,000 acres, "all in private ownership". He explained that tree farming was begun in Washington State in 1941. Massa- chusetts was the first state in New England to take up the idea.
'throughout the meeting it was emphasized that "Tree Farms" are private ventures, and are not financed in any way by govern- ment.
What a Tree Farm Is
The Tree Farm certification was defined as "recognition of a good job of woodland management. The object is two-fold: first to the prop- erty as an area which demonstrates what good foi'est practices are and what they can accomplish; second, it helps to create public understand- ing and appreciation of a forest area as a crop land."
Charles R. Cherry, district for- ester, said he had collaborated with Mr. Makepeace in his efforts for 25 years. He went back into history briefly and explained that on the site of the sawmill was for- merly an iron foundry and that the native white pine had furnished the "coaling fuel" for the blast furnaces when converted into char- coal and had provided moulds for the iron making. From idle lands after that, he said, the cranberry men had come in and built the bogs in the low spots and were now re- covering the higher areas with forests of white pine. There were 15 miles of road in the Wareham- Carver forest area which acted as fire stops and there were 22 tele- phones available from the Make- peace company for use in emer- gency.
Selective Cutting
By selective logging the A. D. Makepeace Company has already cut 300,000 board feet of lumber, and as time went on this will be increased 10 fold and more. He said this meant much to the com- munity in employment and as many as 100 men will, in years to come, be employed at the Makepeace Tree Farm. The growing of trees is the building up of a natural asset, he stressed, and no natural resource should be neglected.
White Pine "Beautiful Tree"
Mr. Makepeace, in accepting the award, said he was extremely gratified to accept the award for his associates and himself. "You don't make an avi^ful lot of money in 'tree farming' right away", he said. "But we do need trees. And I try not to get sentimental about trees, and particularly our native white fline. It is a lovely thing. A white pine in a gentle April
C & L Cranberry Bog Rake
Pruner and Rake make a combination for Econom- ical and Efficient Pruning of Cranberry Bogs. For information consult either
F. P. CRANDON
Acushnet, Mass. Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
Acushnet, Mass.
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 Leonard St., Acushnet, Mass.
For the first time in cranberry history a POWER PRUN- ING MACHINE that will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY SAVER.
C. & L. Equipment Co.
ACUSHNET, MASS.
I
F. P. CRANDON 1191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
SavaalMS
Cranberry Growers:
STOP INSECT AND DISEASE PESTS
With These Outstanding Du Pont Chemicals
MARLATE^Insecticide
controls insects the safe way.
Here's the basic chemical for insect control on cranberries: Du Pont "Maria te" methoxychlor insecticide. Controls fireworms, leafhoppers, fruitworms, tip worms, San Jose scale crawlers and girdler moths. You can use "Marlate" safely early in the season, for it doesn't burn tender foliage. And you can use "Marlate" up to within a week of harvest for insect control, without a toxic resi- due problem. Effective in dusts or sprays, compatible with other chem- icals including "Fermate" fungicide.
FERMATE^Fungicide prevents leaf and fruit diseases.
Mild on the plants, but tough on diseases, "Fermate" fungicide helps you get better yields of clean fruit from every acre of bog. Du Pont "Fermate" is highly effective against cranberry leaf spot and certain fruit rots that attack the crop. Does not burn young leaves, is safe to use even in hot weather, is compatible with other spray and dust chemicals. Use "Fermate" with "Marlate" for an ideal insect- and disease-control pro- gram.
See your dealer for full information and supplies of these Du Pont Chemicals. Ask him also for free booklets on "Fer- mate," "Marlate," Du Pont Weed Killers and other pest- control products. Or write to Du Pont, Grasselli Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Delaware.
DEPEND ON DU PONT PEST-CONTROL PRODUCTS
»EGu. S.PAT. Off-
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING
. . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY
wind, or amid scarlet maples in the fall is the most beautiful thing in the world."
Prof. Robei't Parmenter brought greetings from the University of Massachusetts, and said sentiment should not enter into tree farming. "It is strictly economical. Tree farming has an important function in the progress of our Common- wealth".
Harris Reynolds, Massachusetts Forest and Park Association, praised the work Mr. Makepeace had done for the organization over many years and noted that he is a x'ormer vice president.
Raymond J. Kenney, Forestry Divis'on of Conservation, told of the importance of forestry, and, of extreme importance, he said, was that a vast reforestry program is springing up all over America with- out aid of the government and that once again, in this respect, free enterprise is proving its worth.
Introduced was Lot Phillips, West Hanover, pioneer tree farmer of Plymouth County. More than 50 were present at the observation.
NEW PUBLICATION BY UNIVERSITY OF MASS. (Editor's Note: The following, is by Dr. Carl R. Fellers, head of Food Technology Department, Uni- versity of Massachusetts. Dr. Fellers has long studied cranber- ries and their chemical content, and written much about our fruit. "The Spirit of Research" is re- printed (by permission) from a new semi-monthly publication, "Research in Review," issued by the University of Massacuhsetts. The "Review," from the School of Agriculture and Horticulture is intended, according to a foreword, by Director Dale H. Sieling to give a factual and up-to-date story of some of our most outstanding re- cent research findings in a form that is readily understood."
Since almost all forms of agricul- ture are now so closely allied with scientific research, the Editor feels the new publication is of sufficient interest to be called to the atten- tion of cranberry growers, and that Dr. Feller's summary concisely tells the relationship between re- search and the consuming pub- lic.)
"Research means different things to people in different walks of life. American in- dustry does not need to be convinced of the inTportance of research. On every lianil we
see what patient fact-finding has done to improve every- day existence. The laborer of today enjoys luxuries denied kings less than 50 years ago, largely through contributions of science to the conveniences of life, which most of us al- ready regard as necessities. The skeptic may tell you that research consists of proving
the obvious in a most thorough manner by laborious means. The most fundamental requi- site of a research project is the idea. A disciplined im- agination is at the bottom of every great discovery. The researcher must be looking for something. He may not know exactly what he is looking for, but he knows enough about the
\\fimmifuul
CRANBERRIES
NOTHING IN THE WORLD IS PERMANENT
EXCEPT "CHANGE'
ITSELF
Yes! This applies to the cranberry business as well as everything else in life. Methods and practices that were good at one time are no longer the best answers to the problems of today. INDIAN TRAIL is geared to cope with the changes of today. INDIAN TRAIL is now the answer for Wisconsin cranberry growers.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
DECAS BROTHERS
Growers Of
Cape Cod Cranberries
Phone 147
WAREHAM, MASS.
Nineteen
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM.
USE
ROTENONE and RYAN/A
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
S.B.PENICKf
i-'i^'AW.
Xvi^^
iS: COMPANY
situation to recognize the presence of an unsolved prob- lem. A person with an idea and who also possesses a capa- city for critical analysis is at least partially equipped to solve the problem. If, in addi- tion, he is a master of a meth- od or procedure which can be used in the investigation, the chances of success are even more promising. Frequently, however, these two abilities are not associated in the same person. The obvious conclu- sion, therefore, is that for the most sucessful prosecution of research, it is necessary to combine the talents of two or more scientists or technolog- ists, so that a fusion of ef- fort may moi-e speedily yield success to the research pro- ject.
Research is still an open field with opportunity for all — both the brilliant scholar and the industrious plugger. Re- search builds on foundations already constructed by others who have gone before. Sir Isaac Newton paid a lasting tribute to his predecessors when he said that if he saw a little father than others it was because he stood on giant shoul<Jers. The challenge is ours to provide the shoulders on which the future investiga- tor will stand and from which he, in turn, will peer bey;nd the present horizons of knowl- edge into the great unknown. That is the spirit of research." —Carl R. Fellers
OUR CRANBERRY
PRESIDENTIAL POLL
UNSUCCESSFUL
We can't believe that cranberry r.rowers are not interested in who will be the next president of the United States, in spite of the fact that our proposed poll of last month turned out to be a complete fizzle. Must be you are too busy growing the crop to have bothered to mail replies or think that cranberries and politics don't mix.
Anyway we got such an infini- tesimal number of replies as to who your preference is, and who \'(>ii lliink will win Ihal llicy wr.ri-
Twenty
no good for any poll conclusion. However, of the few we did get there were no choices for a Demo- cratic president. It was either Taft or Eisenhower, or "a Republi- can President."
The state flower of New Jersey is the violet. This is also the state fiower of Illinois, Wisconsin and Rhode Island.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
3-3050 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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165 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison I |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND, ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
^ DON'T LET
-< the June moon laugh down at you because you are
4
failing to make adequate use of
I ELECTRICITY
' utilize electricity to the fullest extent in your bog work — in your home.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 200
TEL. 1300
We're Off to Another Season
It takes experienced judgment and hard work to grow a sound high quality crop of cranberries.
In selling it requires the same qualities for a suc- cessful season — experience and hard work.
The American Cranberry Exchange has this ex- perience and their sales personnel has already begun the hard work needed to merchandise the 1952 crop satisfactorily for its members.
Additional tonnage for the cooperatives means stabilization and better returns.
Eatmor Cranberries
The New England Cranberry Sales Company
£ 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
AgT. Uxp. Sta., State College Amherst, Me.6s. (x)
ITS OFFICIAL-
Fried Chicken and Cranberry Sauce Is The Menu for Father's Day!
Alvin Austin, Executive Director of the National Father's Day Committee, tries fried chicken and cranberry sauce as pre- pared by Clief E. Treyvaud of the Waldorf Astoria in New York City. It had to be JUST RIGHT, as it was the recipe for the Father's Day luncheon^ held at the Waldorf, May 27, honoring the Father-of-the-Year for 1952, Brigadier General David Sarnoff.
Last year, National Cranberry Association first promoted Fried Chicken and" Cranberry Sauce as Dad's favorite dish.
This year, the National Father's Day Committee selected chicken and cranberry sauce as the official menu for Father's Day.
From now on, both National Cranberry Association and the National Father's Day Committee will be promoting Fried Chicken and Cranberry Sauce for Father's Day.
Father's Day will soon be to cranberries in JUNE what Thanksgiving is in NOVEMBER!
Prepare for the Future and Join the Growers' Cooperative that Building a Year 'Round Market for Cranberries
IS
National Cranberry Association
THE GROWERS' COOPERATIVE
Hanson, Massachusetts
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE
Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass.
Tel. AR 5-6100. 5-6101
HAYDEN
— SEPARATOR — Wareham - Mass.
NEW —
All-steel
Portable
CONVEYORS
SAND LOADERS
Stationary Conveyors
and
ELEVATORS
J. M. HACKETT
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
INTERNATIONAL Engines LAWRENCE Propeller Pumps DEMING
Centrifugal Pumps McCULLOCH and HOME- LITE Power Saws NATIONAL Sickle-Bar Mow-
CHRYSLER
Industrial Enginri
"HORSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
[NSECTIC[DES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Ratet on Request
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Good producing bog wih excellent water and sand. Property has home and large acreage. To see this and other good cran- berry properties see
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor — Route 28 West Harwich Tel. 1195
FOR SALE
CRANBERRY BOG, fourteen acres, full flowage, all Early Blacks variety, good cropper, located in Middleboro on Rocky Meadow Street. Upland with House, Barn, Screenhouse, Pump and Pump House, Picking Boxes, Western Picker, other facilities. Contact Mi's. Isaac Isaac Isaac- son. Telephone, Middleboro, Mass., 1328-W.
Cranberry Growers
Always Especially
WELCOME
to
Visit and Ride
THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD
.South Carver, Mass. Mr.s. Ellis U. Alwood
EXPECT AVERAGE APPLE CROP FOR U. S.
June prospects for the national apple crop this Fall, a fruit more or less directly in competition with cranberries, was indicated in June by USDA as about an average production. In eastern states, wet cloudy weather during blooming and pollination resulted in an un- even set; New England is expected to be smaller than in 1951. West- ern crop will again be short be- cause of damage caused by late freezes in Washington. Central states are about average.
CORRUGATED BOXES
of Special Design
Manufactured for cran- berry growers for over fifteen years.
J.&J. Corrugated Box Corp.
Fall River, Mass. Tel. 6-8282
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
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C «& L Cranberry Bog Rake Pruner and Rake make a combination for Econom- cal and Efficient Pruning of Cranberry Bogs. For nformation consult either |
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F. P. CRANDON Acushnet, Mass. Tel. Rochester 89-3 |
H. C. LEONARD Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 3-4332 |
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C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 Leonard St., Acushnet, Mass. |
For the first time in cranberry history a POWER PRUN- ING MACHINE that will prune or thin vines without cutting up- rights has been accomplished.
ONE MAN CUTS 4-5 ACRES PER DAY— A GREAT MONEY SAVER.
C. & L. Equipment Co.
ACUSHNET, MASS.
F. P. CRANDON 1 191 Main Street Tel. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard Street
Tel. New Bedford 3-4332
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Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist |
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Fruit Worms Will Have Long Season
The cranberry season is a lit- tle advanced compared with most years. Many bogs were in full bloom the last of June. It would appear that fruit worms will have a long season in which to feed. Fruit worm millers have been un- usually common on bogs during most of June. This could be a very active season for this par- ticular pest. The old "hand lens" should be given a real work out, £0 to speak, in determining egg counts. Materials are costly, and unless growers have counts of ap- proximately 5 fruit worm eggs per 100 berries, spraying or dusting is not recommended. However, if egg counts warrant treatment, Rotenone applied as a spray is give!^ preference to other materials in spite of its high cost, particu- larly for the first treatment. Growers should note WARNING outlined at the bottom of the In- sect Chart; It is as follows: "Spray or dust materials contain- ing DDT or Rotenone should not be used near a ditch, stream or pond for it kills fish. Dissolve soap in water of spray tank, then add Rotenone powder after mixing it in a pail of water. If dusting ma- chines are used, stuff cotton in ears, wear gogles and a respirator to protect operator."
In addition to fruit worms, growers should continue to check their bogs during July for Leaf- boppers, the second brood of Blackheaded Fireworms, the new brood of Weevils, and the adults of the Spittle Insect. Leafhoppers are already plentiful on many bogs and should have been treated before this issue of CRANBER- RIES was printed.
The Blunt-nosed Leafhopper spreads false blossom disease and
is becoming uncomfortably com- mon throughout the cranberry area. If there are 3 or 4 of these leaf- hoppers showing up in the insect net around July 10, it would be well to consider the blanket con- trol as outlined at the top of the Insect Chart under Section E. This blanket control consists of dust- ing with 4 percent Rotenone at the rate of 60 pounds per acre, and will check fruit worm, leafhoppers, and the second brood of the black- headed fireworm. However, Dr. Franklin does not recommend blanket control measures unless there is sufficient insect count to warrant such treatment.
Before leaving this subject, growers are reminded that the second treatment for fruit rot con- trol is about due. Dr. Bergman suggests July 10-15 for Early Blacks and July 15-20 for Howes, or as the bogs are going out of bloom. We should keep in mind that the control of fruit rot calls for two applications of a fungicide — one application is a waste orf time and materials. Fermate is compatible with insecticides. Bor- deaux Mixture is limited to com- binations with DDT. Weeds
Dr. Chester Cross' new Weed Bulletin is off the press. Growers may receive their copies by writ- ing to their County Agricultural Agent's Office, the Mailing Room of the University of Massachu- setts, or the Cranberry Experi- ment Station at East Wareham. It is an excellent bulletin. Every grower should have a copy.
Dr. Cross outlined some very timely suggestions for the con- trol of ditch weeds in the July is- sue of CRANBERRIES, 1951. A brief review of some of the im- portant points are as follows:
"Weed-choked ditches sre often
responsible for the production and distribution of many troublesome bog weeds. It is important that growers kill or burn off the weeds growing in the ditches with some form of weed killer. The Knap- sack Sprayer is a very useful tool in this work, particularly if the nozzle opening is enlarged to at least 1/16 inch in diameter. Then Vz lb. of Sodium Arsenite should be dissolved in a sprayer full of water (3Vi to4 gals.) and sprayed rapidly and with good pressure on the ditch weeds, holding the nozzle low to avoid spray drift on the cranberry vines. Best results are obtained when ditches are dry.
"Ammate" can be used instead of Sodium Arsenite if a non- poisonous material seems advis- able; 2% lbs. of Ammate are needed for each Knapsack Sprayer full of water. The same care must be given to keep Ammate off cranberry vines. The sprayer must be washed carefully with soapy water immediately after using this material to prevent excessive cor- rosion." Dr. Cross suggests that the slightly cheaper fuel oil is an excellent ditch weed killer. "A wet ditch full of grasses, rushes, and tussocks of sedges sometimes dries out during July and August at least to the point where no standing water remains on the sur- face. If such a ditch is treated with kerosene from a watering pot, frequently the roots as well as the tops of the weeds are killed, and the ditch remains free of weeds until new seeds germinate.
"Once or twice a year growers should drag a hook or potato dig- ger around their bogs in the shore ditches to discover and pull out runners of Small Bramble, Poison Ivy, Virginia Creeper, or Morning Glory, which may be crossing the ditch from the shore to anchor it- self on the bog."
Dr. Cross has found only re- cently that a single handful of Nitrate of Soda applied to the base of 4 or 5 Royal or Cinnamon Ferns will kill them more easily and with less damage to the vines than Ferric Sulfate. It has the advan- tage of stimulating the vine? where ferns occur.
71>rM
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Cranberry growers atten- tion ! Have we made up our minds yet? V/ill we pick witii a Western Picker or will we go on in the same old way, hand labor?
Hand labor is scarce, cost- ly and getting more so each year. Why not make the move now, buy a Western Picker or as many as you need and be independent of poor and scarce labor.
We do not have many ma- chines this year and it will pay you to order now, the first of September is only one and one half months away, that )m'c>^ be too late to get a Western Picker. You can save 5 percent by buying before the first of Au- gust. Order now and be sure.
(ADVT)
ACE Advertising Campaign to Award Three Automobiles
Also Other Prizes to Increase E a t m o r Consumer and Sales Efforts of Whole- salers and Retailers.
Something new in cranberry ad- vertising and prom'otion is on the fire this year for the marketing campaign of American Cranberry Exchange. This was planned with the aid of Chambers and Wiswall, Inc., Boston, new advertising agency retained by ACE.
It will be a prize contest Icnown as "Operations Winnior," the de- signation being a play upon the ACE trademark "Eatmor."
The plan, announced ACE man- ager Harold Bryant, is the result of a detailed study by the Ex- change and the agency to find an approach that will interest all angles of the trade to promote sales of fresh Eatmor cranberries. "Fresh fruit and vegetable dis- tributors," he says," want more than a pretty ad in a national magazine — in our opinion they want a hard-hitting promotion, lo- calized to their particular market with a worthwhile incentive to merchandise and in our case, sell more cranberries at retail stores."
It is a triple-pronged campaign with prizes (incentives) for con- sumers, retailers and brokers.
Offered as top prize to con- sumers is a new Cadillac convert- able, other awards being ten elec-
(Continued on Page 19)
FOR PRE - FABRICATED FLUIVIES R. A.TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant
Tel. Carver 64-U
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Four
O f:^'*'^'"'"'™*'''^^.^^^^
ISSUE OF JULY 1952 - VOL. 17. NO.
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., WaTeham. Massachusetts. Subscription. $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-oTice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
June Hot
Bloom was exceptionally heavy on many a bog as July began. But the month of June was "rather "rough" on probable keeping qual- ity, Dr. Franklin was forced to say.
June was a changeable month, but mostly it was hot. Boston Weather Bureau figuied this, ex- cess as about 4 degrees a day. There was also high humidity on a number of days, especially to- ward the latter part of the month.
June, 1952, as a matter of fact brought the hottest day in June history. This was on the 26th. A recording was reached at Bos- ton of 100.2 degrees. At the State Bog the sun beat out a reading of 99 in the sun and a maximum of 95 in the shelter. These readings are the hottest for June that Dr. Franklin ever recalls. June 25th was also a day of intense heat and humidity, but not up to the follow- ing day. Damage on some bogs was plainly visible to the eye. Several thousand barrels, at least, were probably lost.
Rainfall total at State Bog was 2.36 inches. There was rain, or ( races of rain, on 14 days. Boston's recording was .37 inch more than normal, with heavy rain on 6 days and some rain on 12 others. There were several thunderstorms, Bos- ton reporting- 8, where 2 is normal, and there were vicious hailstorms north of Boston. Coldest record- ing at State Bog was 45 on the 22nd.
Following the intense heat wave which closed June, there were sev- eral days of much cooler weather — in fact, the night of June 30th was chilly.
Many Fruitworm Millers
Only an occasional gypsy has been brought into the Station at East Wareham, and infestation of tills pest, controlled by wholesale spraying a couple of years ago, appears slight. Tliere are reported an unusual number of fruitworm milleis, which may prove a source of trouble just a little later.
Work on bogs was easing off as the season advanced, but there has probably been an unusual amount of fertilizing done this spring. Bloom Called "Remarkable"
As to crop prospects, no one is saying much yet. The remarkable bloom, of course, in itself is all to the good. This is so great that "Joe" Kelley, speaking from that point alone, says he never saw it better. Cranberry Specialist "Dick"' Beattie says: "bloom is awfully good. Most bogs look very good indeed." Both these men get around over bogs of the state com- prehensively and are in position to know. There have been off-hand estimates of 500,000 to 550,000 barrela.
Barnstable County Still Up
Indications from Barnstable County continue favorable for a better than normal crop. More than a few bogd may have 100 bbls. and more to the acre, it is now esti- mated.
But it should not bo forgotten that the end of June-first of July period is when growers are apt to be in a high mood, especially when bloom is abundant. WISCONSIN
Bloom Is Early
Marshes were coming into full bloom at the end of June, many by June 25, which is about ten days ahead of last year.
McFarlins Damaged by Cold
Frost damage up to July 1 was very slight. However, the Winter, or more accurately, the damage which was caused in the sudden cold snap last November, has proven to be vei'y serious on some marshes. Tlie damage seems to have hit Mc- Farlin vines more seriously than other varieties. It is the opinion of "Del" Hammond that all this type of injury did not take place at that time, but that a consider- able percentage occurred this past spring.
Insects Heavier
Insect infestation to date has been rather heavy in certain areas, especially fireworm. However, very excellent control was obtained by the use of Parathion and little crop damage was sustained by the growers because of the first brood. Many growers are using fermate spray and dust, replacing bordeaux for control of leaf drop and fruit rots.
Few Clear June Days
Rainfall for June was heavy, with pre.'ipitation above normal. There were very few clear days during that period.
Bumble Bees Scarce
There seems to be a scarcity of
(Continued on Page 20)
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Five
POOR DRAINING PEAT
by F. B. Chandler Poor draining peats are much are rebuilt, only a
more common in the building and rebuilding of cranberry bogs than is generally realized. Bogs built with this kind of peat are charac- terized by very poor growth of vines. The bog photographed in Figure 1 was planted twice and still needs to have vines set in some locations. This bog is unus- ually slow to vine in, but slow- vining conditions similar to those shown in Figure 2 are very com- mon.
Greasy Peat The peat which causes this trouble is often described as greasy, because it is very slippery and sticks to shovels, etc., The peat is well decomposed, although it may have an occasional piece of wood in it. This type of peat is very closely packed and has such a small pore space (air space) that the roots do not grow into the peat. Furthermore, as there is very little pore space, this peat cannot be a water reservoir and receive water from the sand above it or give water to the sand above it. Needless to say, if the roots will not grow in the peat and the sand does not receive water frcm the peat, the vines which are set in the sand have very little chance to live.
A similar type of vine growth sometimes occurs in peats which will drain well and which have a fairly large pore space, but where the water is held too high. One grower kept the water at the sur- face of the bog after planting, and It took ten years to vine in.
Some growers have removed the vines and sand from an old bog which had a fair or good produc- tion and a greasy peat as a bot- tom; thus, poor vine growth re- sulted in the rebuilt bog. It is probable that the original bog was slow to vine in, but once it did vine, production was fair to good, or even excellent. This would in- dicate the bog was operated in the past only on sand which was deep enough to hold the necessary water; however, when these bogs
small amount of sand is put over the greasy peat and this is not enough for good growth.
Pelfched Water Table Greasy peats also cause another trouble which explains why the growth of vines pictured in Figure 1 is so m'uch poorer than those pictured in Figure 2. This is called a perched water table. If the grading of the peat is not done very carefully, low spots will de- velop. As the greasy peats have little or no pore space, the water cannot pass through them and the water is held on the surface of the peat (perched water table). In studying the bog pictured in Fig- ure 1, water was found on the sur- face of the peat.
It is impossible to use a greasy peat and get the vine growth and early cropping which is common with loose fibrous peats having a large pore space. However, if the peat is carefully graded with the center a little high to prevent perched water tables and a heavy application of sand is added in
building, better growth will be ob- tained than with poor grading and thin sand. After building, if un- expected settling results in a perched water table, ditches may be dug and filled with rock (Fig- ure 1 near wheelbarrow) or drain- age tile may be placed on a rock bed and rocks placed over and around the tile (Figure 1 near cen- ter ditch). Figure 3 shows a rock drain put in by a grower. In this case he used a length of cement tile on the end which comes to the ditch. Low spots, such as those shown in Figure 1, can also be improved by the addition of sand which would cause part of the sur- face wateir to run off. Before drainage was started, water would stand in the locations where there are no vines.
In the past it has not been possible for a grower to know the pore space or the drainage of his peat, but now these can be deter- mined fairly easily so that in the future growers may have these factors determined before building their bogs.
(Next month Preliminary on Report Fruit Development, pic- tures and data on the develop- ment of cranberries.)
FlEiTrel^A bog with gnasj Deal, which has been planted twice and still does not have vmes in some places. The poor drainage is being corrected with a rock drain and with a tile drain.
lU
Figure 2. Thin vines on a poor-draining peat.
Figure 3. Improving poor drainage with ditch end).
a rock drain (tile only on the
Wisconsin Cranberry Weather in June
Temperatures were above nor- mal for the month and precipita- tion was near or slightly above the iioi mal.
Two frosts were recorded. Mod- el ate frost was reported from numerous marshes on June 1st, confined mostly to tbe western and northern areas. On the 19th Spooner reyiorted a light frost with a temperature of 31°. Other marshes on the 19th ranged from 35 to 40°.
Lowest temperatures during- the month were 28-35° on 1st; 36-45° on morning of 2nd; 35-40° on 4th; ?V-42° on 9th; Spooner 33 others 38-42° on 10th; Spooner 31 others 35-40° on 19th; and reported read- ings of 33° from Three Lakes and 29° in the coldest pockets at Mani- towish (Little Trout Lake) on late evening of 20th. The cooling on the evening of the 20th was a flash affair, and prevailed for a short while during which the tempera- tures fell at a remarkable rate. At eleven o'clock that night, however, clouds and wind occurred and the temperatures immediately climbed back into the forties. Other north- ern marshes reported tempera- tures (minima) between 46 and 49° for that night.
Minima were above 60° on morn- ing- of 8th; 50-58° on 14th and 15th; above 60 on 16th; and were in the 5.'s from 22nd to 30th and con- tinuing til July 3rd.
Scattered very light hail occurred ever northern marshes on early moining of 24th, early morning of 25(h, and late evening of 25th. All three occurrences were attended by wind-squalls. Violent sqaulls were reported during that period from northern sections of the state but there were no reports of hail. No damage has been reported as a re- sult of hail or squalls. A series of \ iolent thundersoaulls moved from northwest to southwest across the .''tate durinq- the late afternoon and c.Trly evening of the 28th attended by moderate to heavy but scattered rainfall. There was no reported injury to crops.
A brilliant auroral display was observed between 11 p. m., and 1 a. m., of the 29-30th.
Alfred F. Wolford, Meterologist.
S«V«B
Calling Your Attention to the new Important Mass. Bulletin
One of the major objectives in the work of the Cranberry Expei'i- ment Station at East Wareham, Massachusetts, for many years has been the development of a compile- hensive library devoted to matters relating to cranberry culture. Much progress has been made in this, several new bulletins now in con- siderable use having- been pub- lished.
There has appeared lately another such bulletin, this being- mostly the work of Dr. Chestei- E. Cross and being a discussion of the kinds of grasses most often requiring con- trol as weeds on cranberry bogs. It is published as Bulletin No. 463 by the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a splen- did job and will be useful to all cranberry growers in this State and to many elsewhere. Its value is much enhanced by the accurate and beautiful illustrative drawings provided by Mrs. Cross. Each kind of grass is described, fully and controls are given for all.
There is an implieci promise that the other cranberry boo- weeds will be given similar attention in latei' bulletins by Dr. Cross.
Henry J. Franklin
Dr. Cross is associate professor at the Station and is becoming widely known for his studies of cranberry bog weeds and control methods. He has written papers and appeared before scientific groups as well as before many cranberry meetings in weed control talks. He ifj to speak at the annual meeting of Wisconsin State Cran- berry Growers' Association next month in Wisconsin.
In this work, "Weeds of the Massachusetts Cranberry Bogs", "Part 1, The Grasses", in collab- oration with Mrs. Cross, as illus- trator, he has produced a most at- tractive and informative bulletin. "This study of fourteen weedy grasses is the first of a series which, when completed, will con- stitute a bulletin of all the more troublesome weeds of the Massa- chusetts cranberry bogs", he says in his intioduction. "The grasses aie described first because they arc among the most common weeds and because moie is known about their
chemical control.
"Thii-ty years ago", he continues, "mowing with a scythe and hand- pulling- were the only methods of combating the weeds on cranberry bogs; mowing was more often em- ployed when pulling proved to be too slow or too laborious. It was a common sight in the 'old days' to see gangs of weedeis crawling over the bog, dragging their weed baskets after them. In those days weeders were paid about ten cents an hour, and, by keeping them con- tinuously at work, sujh beautiful old bogs as 'Mayflower Grove' in Hanson and McFarlin's bog in Car- ver were kept scrupulously clean. Recently, because mounting labor costs have forced a sharp reduction in the amount of hand-pulling, the need has arisen for cheaper meth- ods of keeping- the majority of weeds under control, and for im- proving the technique of hand pull- ing."
Began Weed Studies in 1937 As far back as 1937, during Summers, Dr. Cross has worked at the State Bog on chemical weed control programs. In 1941 he re- mained on after the Summer sea- son and received his official noti-e of appointment December 1, 1941. Born in Boston, May 5, 1913, Cross became a resident of Wareham, Massachusetts, when his family moved there, and he was graduated from Wareham High School in 1931. He then attended Massachu- setts State Colleee, now University of Massachusetts, majoring in bot- any, and did minor work in chem- istry, geology and entomology. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1935 and with it Hill's Botanical prize for an herbarium of plants collected in Massachu- setts. He remained at Amherst for two more years in graduate school, a'-'cepting- a laboratory as- sistantship in botany. In 1937 he was elected to the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, and after complet- ing a thesis on fossil pine cones, received his Master of Science de- gree.
Attending Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Science on a George Emerison scholarship, he continued his studies in palae- botanv and wrote his Doctor's
thesis in that field. In June of 1940 he received the Doctor of Philosophy degree in biology and returned to the Cape to live.
It was while at State College at Amherst that he met Miss Shirley Gale, who took a Bachelor of Sci- ence degree there and then entered Radclift'e College, where she re- ceived both her Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in biology. They were married in 1939 and have since lived at Spring Hill, Sandwich.
Mrs. Cross Trained in Drawing
Mrs. Cross had training in bo- tanical drawing while in college and used drawings in preparing her thesis for Master of Arts de- gree. She has always enjoyed sketching and her natural style is in an exact, precise manner, en- tiiely suited to illustrating such a bulletin as her husband has written. This aptitude of hers for botanical drawing is shown by decorations oi' wild flowers and grasses on doors and furniture in the home they occupy, which is more than 200 years old.
All of the dozen plates she made are accurate in measurement and in detail. Leaves appear where they should on the stems. They aie all measured.
Mrs. Cross was more than a year making- the plates, not work- ing continuously, of course. She first sketched in the drawing with pencil and then completed the lines with a very fine pen and black ink. As mentioned, Dr. Cross has put years of study into his researches, has spent countless hours out in the open and in indoor study.
Together the Drs. Cross have contributed much to the advance- ment of cranberry growing- in this volume, with presumably more to come.
Most home gardners in their haste for a quick effect plant an- nuals too close together. The cost of gardening is cut down when annual flowers are spaced far enough apart to allow them to develop to their full size. Proper spacing also prolongs the bloom- ing season.
Elcfcl
Mrs Cross retouching a plate for the weed bulletin at their home, while Or. Cross looks over' her shoulder (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Nin*
M. L Urann Honored With 50-Year Membership Award by Mass. Bar
Is Termed "Successful Lawyer' Cranberry Grower and In- dustrialist', ai, Annual Banquet Plymouth County Associ- ation.
Marcus L. Urann, president of National Cranberry Association, and undoubtedly known personally to more cranberry growers than any other man in the industry, was honored in another field on June 17. This was by the Ply- mouth County (Mass.) Bar As- sociation at its annual banquet at Avon. He was presented with the 50-year membership certifi- cate, he having been a mem'ber of the Massachusetts Bar Association for the past 55 years.
President of the association, John B. Thorndike, presided and introduced Mr. Urann as a "suc- cessful lawyer, cranberry grower and leading industrialist." He at- tributed to Mr. Urann the credit of pioneering and building one of the basic industries of Massachu- setts, canning — the Ocean Spray cranberry sauce now having be- come international in scope.
Clerk of Courts (Plymouth County) George V. P. Olsson in- troduced members of the Na- tional's staff and glower mem'- bers of the association, who at- tended. A silver vase was pre- sented to Mr. Urann by this group. Among those at the head table was Carl B. Urann.
Respect for Urann Senator Edward C. Stone paid tribute to Mr. Urann on behalf of Barnstable County and Judge Eugene A. Hudson, of Brookline, was the principal speaker. The latter told of the many years he had known Mr. Urann and of the respect for the integrity and abil- ity of Mr. Urann, both as a mem- ber of the Bar and a leading in- dustrialist of the Bay State.
The committee in charge of ar- rangements was headed by Atty. Olsson and included Dist.-Atty. Basil W. Flynn; Asst. Dist-Atty. Allan M. Hale, Judge Almedeo V. Sgarzi, Asst. Dist.-Atty. Wain- wright.
Began Canning in 1912 Mr. Urann's reply briefly sketched in the history of cran-
berry canning from 1912 when he first began canning, through the formation of Cranberry Canners, Inc., and to the present National Cranberry Association which now has a membership of 1800 grow- ers and sales outlets all over the United States, in Canada and sales in many other countries. The co- op has processed more than half of the national cranberry crop in recent years.
His message to fellow members of the bar was one of challenge. He pointed out the complexities of present-day law and he spoke of the opportunities now open to law- yers who specialize in a particular field.
Mr. Urann was born in Sullivan, Maine, graduated from the high
school there and then went to the University of Maine where he was graduated in 1897. Following graduation he continued studies at Boston University school of law. He was admitted to the Maine bar in 1897 and to the bar of Massachusetts the following year.
After several years of law he became interested in cranberries, and in 1912 began his canning ex- periments. United Cape Cod CranbeiTy Company, largest grow- ing concern was organized under his direction. His first canning efforts were made to find an out- let for berries which would other- wise be discarded and for surplus fruit in years of bumper crops. Adopting the brand name "Ocean Spray," Mr. Urann and two or three helpers turned out the first pack of their sauce in a small fac- tory at Hanson, filling the cans with dippers and putting the caps on with a hand-operated machine. He, however, was not long to real- ize the true possibilities in pro-
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM.
USE
RYANIA
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
Tea
-■^ti^^M -nawm!^ 8«5
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cessing, and the expansion of the business is familiar to all growers. There are now six modern can- ning plants located in all the growing areas. In 1951 well over 100,000,000 cans of Ocean Spray were packed and sold.
Cranberry Canners was incjrpo- rated under the laws of Deleware in 1930 when Mr. Urann's canning interests were combined with two other large canners, the A. D. Makepeace Company and the Cranberry Products Co., of New Jersey. Later Cranberry Canners became National Cranberry Asso- ciation.
Founded Honorary Society
With two others of his gradu- ating class cf Maine, '97, Mr. Urann founded the Phi Kappa Phi Honorary Society. This was es- tablished to recognize scholarship in any line of academic endeavor, and as a supplement to those hon- oraries electing members from one branch of study only. Phi Kappa Phi, whose first constitution and by-laws were drawn up by Mr.
Urann, has grown from its origi- nal Maine chapter to a national organization with a membership of more than 50 chapters.
In 1934 Mr. Urann gave $10,000 to the U. of M. Foundation to es- tablish the Chestina Blaisdell Urann Fund in memory of his mother. He has served as an ac- tive member icf the foundation since its organization.
In 1942 Mr. Urann received the anual award made by the Massa- chusetts Society for Promotion of Agriculture. June, 1947 saw him' the recipient of an honorary de- gree of doctor of laws from his alma mater in recognition of his "contributions to the advancement cf New England agriculture and in- dustry." He has served as a di- rector of the Springfield Land Bank, and at one time was vice- chairman of the Massachusetts Republican finance committee and chairman of the Plymouth divi- sion.
A motto of Mr. Urann has been "Rest is Rust." He lives up to it.
A COMMUNICATION
The cranberry business in the United States is a very closely knit industry. It is represented by relatively few sales agencies; and its production is concentrated geo- graphically in a few small loca- tions. These conditions give rise to a close relationship between producers, often tim'?s on both a business and a social level.
This situation has many advan- tages, but it also has its dangers. The principal danger lies in the ease with which an idea can gain vddespread acceptance and sup- port. This is, of course, an asset if the idea happens to be a good one; but it is just as easy for a deleterious noti n to make pro- gress.
There is one concent that has its disciples at all levels of the cranberry industry, and there is reason to believe that it is be- coming more influential. This is the idea that cranberry prices should be kept at a relatively low level, that if not outsiders will be attracted into the industry, and that we shall over-production as
a i-esult. In other words, these people feel that the profits of the growers should ba so Small that no one will want to go into the business. However, it necessarily follows that profits that appear unattractive to an outsider must also appeal' unattractive to ih:' present growers, who are stuck with them, unless the growers would be simpletons, indeed. This type of thinking seenn to be in the class with that of the fellow who knocks his head against a wall because it feels so good when he stops. If we are going to try to keep prices down anyway, we may as well let over-production take place and get the same prices tlnough the economics of supply and demand. An industry unwill- ing to seize upon its natural ad- vantages will not long hold its place is a competitive w_rld. This whole line of thoughts is based upon negation and fear, and it will not lead us into an aggressive, sound, and profitable state of af- fairs.
One often hears, and even oc-
casionally reads, of the "high" prices of 1951. Fellow cranberry growers, parity on cranberries last November 15 was $21.20 per bar- rel, and on May 15, 1952 it stood at 120.30 per barrel. This figure is presumably for the bulk pack. This means that in order to get their historical share of the pres- ent national incom'e, cranberry growers must average at least $21.30 a barrel for fresh cran- berries in the one pound packs. The 1951 price averaged in the 116 to |17 range. Thus, the groweis received a full 25 percent less than parity: They received 25 per cent lov/er prices than the average business of the United States based upon a comparative and historical measure of pur- chasing power. We are talking about the years 1951 and 1952, Anno Domini. These are years of a high level of business; and 75 percent of "par" is not a "high" price. It is not even a satisfactory price from any business p:int of view. As a rule of thumb, many good businesses today are selling for five to eight times their earn- ings after income and excess pro- fit taxes. How many cranberry growers are netting; after taxes, let us say, 20 percent of what the grower believes his property to be worth? That is the answer.
Yes, this is 1952. The carry- over that has depressed the in- dustry has been eliminated; the pi ocessing market has been vast- ly expanded at increased prices; theie is every indicati:n that the national crop will not be excessive. Th- cranberry grower should have every right to expect that his re- turns should be at least at parity. There appears to be no reason why they can not be.
The time has come to end all philosophies of pessimism, nega- tion, and fear. The basic factors in the cranberry market are per- l.aps more favorable than they have ever been. Cranberry grow- ers are entitled to prices and pro- fits that com'pare with other busi- nesses, not in a few years, not next year, but this year— 1952. B. C. BRAZEAU Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
TwWva
Never Had Slightest Fear That Cranberries Would Not ''Come Back"
"Lew" Billings of Plympton, Mass., Averages 85 Barrels per Acre — Also Operates Dairy Farm, but Prefers Cran- berries to Cows. An 85-barrel per acre average is the achievement of Lewis E. Billings, Plymouth, Mass. At his big farm on route 106 in that town, he ope^'ates a dairy business, but says he finds it more to his liking, and easier to work with cranberries than with cows.
He has served two years as president of the South Shore Cranberry Club, and is a director of Producers Dairy, Inc., of Brockton. His cranberry property has been used as the location of a cranberry meet- ing. He demonstrates his interest in all cranberry matters by faithful attendance at many meetings. He is a member of Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. In marketing he is an independent, selling his crop through Peter A. LeSage of South Yarmouth. Holds Town Office a bog.
For 22 years he was highway This he began in 1933 in a na-
surveyor of the small comnvunity of Plympton and has served on the town school committee. He is also constable and fire chief.
At one time he was a member of the Grange but found that to his mind meetings became "too social," with not enough attention paid to farming. In fraternal af- filiations, he is an Odd Fellow.
Mr. Billings was born in Wey- mouth in 1895. His family m;ved to Plymnton when he was nine. His father, the late Edward, was in the lumber business in Wey- moth but decided to conduct a fanr.' on the sid?. This farm was located nol lar from the p' esetit Billini^s farm. "Lew" attended school in Plympton and then went to Plymouth (M:iss.) Buslne-^s School, where he to:k up book- keeping, typewriting, etc. Became Interested in Cranberries Through Trucking
He continued to farm but was also in the grain business for about 10 years, 1916 to 1926 and in the truf^king business f ir a number of years. In the grain business he bought suppKjs in Bridgewater and sold them to the farmers of his area. But it- was thr:ugh trucking end that he first became interested in c; 'nber y culture. He did a lot of haulin;- of fruit for the late Horace Magathalin. The later was con- sidered one of the better gro.vcrs of some years ago, and through him Mr. Billings became a convert to cranberries and decided to build
tural swamp location off Prospect Road, a few miles from his home. He added on in 1937 and put in an- other section of six acres in 1949. His total holdings now civv 15^2
acres and he can easily put in 18 m'ore. His newest planting is in Early Blacks and most of his other pieces are Blacks although he has 5 acres of Howes. He be- lieves the Blacks are more con- sistent bearers and more unifornr, over a period of years.
Believes His Bog Has Every Qualification
Mr. Billings considers that he has in his property, everything needed for a good bog. His soil is m:stly peat, although there is a little hardpan. He has two big pits of good sand and his water sup- plies are unlimited. He flows, en- tirely by gravity from Whet stone brook, which is not a river, but which always has plenty of water. He stores his water sup- plies in a 50-acre reservoir. He can flow for frost in about two h urs, although he usually takes
"Lew" Billings. Note bird at one of the bog, bird houses.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
TklrtMt
longer, as he does not like to rush too much water on at once. He does his own frost flowing. Cold nights usually run about 2 or 3 degrees above the forecast. Roads surround all his bog for easy access for bog work of every kind.
Whetstone brook, in fact, is such a continuous source of water sup- ply that he has built a 900-ft. canal around his bogs and only catches water when his reservoir needs refilling. The property, in four section, is favored by excel- lent drainage.
His biggest crop to date has been 900 barrels, in 1945. He hopes to have more this Fall, and thereafter, as the new six-acres come into maturity.
While believing in using mech- anical aids in cranberry growing, Mr. Billings does not pick by ma- chine, but by scoop. He tried a picker, but decided he will wait until it is more perfected, which he believes will come, of necessity. In setting out his new six-acre piece he used a vine discer, pow- ered by a Cle-trac. The discer was self-made. He put in the entire six acres in 9 hours, five men working. Vines were broadcast by hand.
Faith In Bees and Birds
Mr. Billings does a lot of his bog work hin-.'self. He employes
one man the year-around, Jesse Johnson, who has been with him seven years and lives on the bog. He has another man full time from late Spring until after har- vest. Most of his crew is recruited locally. He finds he is able to do this, using some high school boys.
Mr. Johnson likes bees and has seven swarms which aid in pol- lination. Mr. Billings has much faith in birds for aiding in the battle against insects and has bird houses all along his bog shores.
The saftding he does direct from pit to bog, with cut-down Ford trucks. The trucks he loads with a sand loader in the pit, then drives out on the bog on planks, sanding directly from the truck.
His farm consists of 140 acres with big barns. He has 46 head of Holsteins. He produces enough hay and corn to provide fodder for the cattle — it is a typical modern dairy farm, with mechanical milk- ers and other conveniences.
The Billings, Mr. and Mrs. Bill- ings and their two daughters, Charlotte May, 20, who is a stu- dent at the University of Ver- mont, and Jeanette Lee, 13, a stu- dent at Oak Grove School, Vassal- boro, Maine, live in a country farmhouse which is nearly 200 years old. Mrs. Billings is fond of antiques and the house is filled with many fine pieces from kitchen
to parlor.
For relaxation, Mr. Billings hunts and fishes. Practically every Fall he goes to Maine or Canada and usually is successful. He al- ready has a bear to his credit and is now interested in bagging a moose. He was formerly pretty good at baseball. He played from 1914 until 1931, quite a stretch of years. He pitched for the local Plympton nine and also for Brockton of the New England League.
One of the reasons why "Lew" Billings likes ci-anberries better than cows is that a dairyman's day is a long one. Often it lasts from 4 to 5 in the morning until 6 or 7 at night. At present his interests are about "half and half." But he intends to make cranberries more dominent as time goes along.
Mr. Billings feels there is plenty of future in cranberries. He is not one of those who feel process- ing will eventually be practically the whole thing in cranberry growing. "There will always be a market for fresh fruit." In com- menting upon the cranberry mar- ket situation at present, this rela- tively small, but enthusiastic cran- bery m'an said; "Will good times to the cranberry grower come back ? I never was alarmed in the slightest in the past few years. We are coming back, alright."
FourtMB
Billings looks over the beautiful acres of his Plympton bog.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
LATE BULLETIN
As a last minute check on Mas- sachusetts crop prospects, the heat wave in the cranberry area was still continuing as of July 9, but seemed to be moderating, with promise of some rain. Hottest day of all was Sunday, July 6th, when the temperature reached 102 in the sun on the State Bog at East Wareham.
Other high temperatures report- ed during the wave were 120 at Bryantville and 103 in the shade at Monponsett Ponds near Hanson. This almost unprecedented heat (while being extremely kind to the Cape summer business) has un- doubtedly picked some thousands of barrels. Most bogs had com- pletely cooked patches, with bloom baked, the same for any set, and vines burned right into the ground. May and most of June had been very favorable months and devel- opment could well be described as having been lush. But the growth, with little preceding rain, was ten- der when the heat struck. There was no alleviating wind and bogs simply cooked.
How materially this will effect the crop total is anybody's esti- mate, particularly if the heat con- tinued and if there is no rain. Many, probably most who could, had raised the water in their ditches, but it was prim'arilly heat and not dryness, which was caus- ing damage. Total damage may not have been serious, however. And the set was beginning to look heavy on many a bog and pros- pects that much better.
Probable fruitworm infestation appeared to be gathering in inten- sity and growers were expecting more than normal numbers of this pest. On the other hand they had been altered by the State Bog, County Agents and others and were alert, and applying controls. As of the 9th of July they were rather up against hoping for rain, in spite of the heat, as a rainy spell would make dusting ineffective, although sprays would have a better chance of sticking.
LIKE NEW LAB QUARTERS IN JERSEY
After some weeks in the new quarters researchers of the New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory like their new location v'ery well. Laboratory moved to the Joseph J. White homestead, 2% miles to the east of its old lo- cation. Although the laboratory is now close to New Lisbon, the
telephone and mail address con- tinue unchanged, Pemberton 5531.
The move was made necessary because the former site was pur- chased by a local farmer who wished to use the property himself.
When the need for new quarters became known, Joseph J. White Co., offered to renovate a small 2-story building which Mr. White had had constructed for his workshop and
\\nmiuifuul
CRANBERRIES
PRIVATE ENTERPRISE has clearly demon- strated itself to the world as the best method of get- ting a job done. INDIAN TRAIL is a private enter- prise, combining the effectiveness of this method of doing business with growers working together. That is why INDIAN TRAIL is the best and the most eco- nomical way for growers. SALES! SERVICE!
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
draughting room. Rental was set at a low figure. The Experiment Station consulted all blueberry and cranberry organizations to see if other plans might also be in the minds of growers. All organiza- tions agreed that the Whitesbog offer furnished the best location of those available.
The laboratory staff is already very much at home in the new quarters. On the ground floor there is a labortory work-room, a store-room and a washroom. On the second floor there is a single large room with windows on all four sides. Here there is ample room for desks and office equip- ment for the five staff members. A large barn and sheds provide addi- tional storage and working space.
Fine trees and attractive shrub- bery and lawns, populated with many songbirds, provide a pleasing setting.
JUNE NCA SAUCE SALES
President M. L. Urann of NCA announces June sales were 144,685 cases as compared with 154,041 last year. Although fewer cases were sold the result will be more money because of higher prices.
Customers are once again buy- ing in carload lots. July looks promising and North Chicago plant already has orders for 14 cars to be shipped to Dallas, Texas market alone.
<**Sj^
I r. O. Bex 232 •
Fr«tnO/ California
Wise ANNUAL SUMMER MEETING AUGUST 6th
Annual Summer meeting of Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers Association is to take place this year August 6th at the Huffman marsh, Biron. William F. Huff- man, Jr., president of the associ- ation, offered this location to the r.iembers.
Tentative program includes a talk by Dr. C. E. Cross of Massa- chusetts Experiment Station as the main guest speaker. There will be a comprehensive display of ma- chinery and equipment, and it is intended to make this a regular field day for growers of the Badger State.
The cranberry equipment show will be opened at 10.30 in the morning, with time out for lunch, and in the afternoon there will be the regular business session and talks by various speakers.
WASHINGTON NOTES Bogs Look Encouraging
By first of July most bogs were approaching full bloom and most growers had their fingers crossed wondering how many days of frost they still had in store. The picture of the bogs was very encouraing.
With execption of a few bogs, growers had done a conspicously thorough clean-up. Bogs in the North Beach have done a fine job ri worm control.
Ptnds Up
Ponds are better filled than us- ual for this period of the year, giv- ing every indication of adequate moisture for the two dry months ahead.
The situation is very similar to that of last year generally speak- inf. except there was more rain and oiling weeds was more difficult be- cause of frequent frost sprinkling. Berries were expected to be set- ting by the 4th.
Scale
Lecanium scale is expected to hatch early this season, and some liad already hatched on buckbrush and willows that stuck up above the cranberry vines. Hatching was ex- pected before mid-July and grow- ers were advised if they found the
pest to use a DDT spray when half tc two-thirds of the blossoms had fallen. Pai'athion was also a rec- ommended use as a spray. Solution recommended is 1 pound of the 25 percent in 100 gallons of water (1 pint liquid type in 100 gallons.) Growers were warned not to use any oil or spreader and not to use a stronger spray. Parathion kills chiefly through its fuming action and rather quickly. Best results were recommended as at least 500 to 600 gallons per acre. Where there is a heavy infestation two sprays are required for a clean-up. In using Parathion growers were warned to follow all precautions listed by the manufacturer.
Interest in Weeds
Ralph E. Tidrick, county agent, said this season more growers want information on weeds than anything else.
Mouse Control
Ho is still trying to get com- plete information on poison and means of controlling the townsend meadow mouse. One grower Earl Smith of Grayland is baiting his bogs with Warfarin. He cuts the ends out of quartmilk containers to make feeding stations. This makes a hidden place for the mouse to feed and protects the bait from rain. He marks his stations with sticks to be sure they have bait all the time.
Grayland Temperatures
Maximum temperatures at Gray- land, as from records of Dave Pryde for June was 65 on the 23rd and the minimum 31 on the 14th.
MEETINGS and CLINICS
Wisconsin annual Summer meet- ing August 6th.
Massachusetts' annual Summer meeting- (Dr. Franklin Day), Aug- ust 19, at the State Bog, East Wareham.
New Jersey annual Summer meeting, August 30.
Massachusetts Cranberry Clinics every Wednesday afternoon and evening through July 16 at West Barnstable and North Harwich (afternoon meeting alternates be- tween West Barnstable and North Harwich; the evening meeting also alternates).
Sixteen
Vol 17 - No. 3 ISSUE OF JULY 1952
O t^'^'^'^'''*'^'^
FOR MORE PROMOTION
"fT is no secret that cranberry sales haven't kept pace with the increasing population of the country. And that is not because sufficient cranberries haven't been grown, at least in most years. So it must be that our promotion, our merchandising, hasn't been as effective as it might have been.
Hence the current general interest and push behind promotion and the trying out of various methods for most effectiveness is good. We are referring particularly now to the "give away" prize campaign to be used this fall by American Cranberry Ex- change. Giving away a Cadillac convert- ible and a couple of Chevrolets, plus other awards, is something new for the industry. We hope it works out. And at the same time we again comment favorably on the promotional campaigns of the National, such as the "chicken 'n cranberries", and efforts of independents.
Advertising, promotion, merchandis- ing if adequately done, a real job, does work out. The cigarette manufacturers, the automobile manufacturers, the makers of, saJ^ aspirin aren't dumb. They do not spend millions unless the returns are there. If we are going to grow more cranberries we simply must sell them.
THE WEED BULLETIN
WE imagine there must be a very great deal of satisfaction to a scientist in publishing such a work as that just put out by Dr. C. E. Cross of Massachusetts, "Weeds of the Massachusetts Cranberry Bogs, Part 1, The 'Grasses." The high com- mendation of Dr. Franklin attests to the creditable job of the writer and of its worth to the industry. And to Mrs. Cross, also, must go a great deal of credit for her exact- ing, painstaking work and her skill as an artist in preparing the plates which add so much, not only to the appearance but to the value of the bulletin.
The old-time growers did a good job in raising cranberries by homespun, ac- quired knowledge, experience and rule of thumb, and many naturally had the much- desired "green thumb". But the research workers are now taking more of the guess out of cranberry cultivation. They are gradually finding out why a certain result is obtained under certain conditions, and ;hey are passing their conclusions along to ■,he ordinary grower.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
oubBcription $3.00 per year
Advertising; rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DK. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
IE recommend the reading of, and some thought giving to the communication of B. C. Brazeau of Wisconsin in this issue. He presents a side of the price picture which may indeed not be receiving enough ">:hought; that is, the "parity" price of cranberries. We heartily agree that cran- berries must not be "too high" for ready sale. But neither should we swing too low again. The setting of cranberry prices is a job we do not envy. It deserves every bit oi the intense thought which goes into it every year.
rOMMENDATIONS to Mr. Urann for the honor bestowed upon him by the Mas- pp.chusetts Bar. It does not fall upon every man to have been so long an attorney, nor, more important, to have been a leader in an industry such as Cranberries, as has been Mr." Urann.
S*v*nt««B
NCA ANNUAL MEETING AUGUST 15
National Cranberry Association will hold its Annual Meeting and election on Friday, August 15, at the Hanson Plant. The later date has been set to provide ample time for the auditors to complete
their reports.
The meeting will begin at 10 a. m., with a presentation of Na- tion's activities and results during the year. An informal discussion period will follow the luncheon when members will have an oppor- tunity to ask questions about any- thing they do not fully understand.
WHAT IS NEW
IRRIGATION
+ FLEX-0-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS + GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS + SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS
Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DiV.
Forestdale, Cape Cot, Mass.,
Tel. Ostervllle 719
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries
• Aggressive sales planning aiid control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write (ir phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
A number of cranberry g.'owers have found blossoms on their bogs similar to those pictured here. These blossoms are being studied at the Massachusetts Cranberry Station by Dr.| Bergman who has also made many bog visits to learn the exact conditions under which they develop. Several others at the Cranberry Station are also interested in this abnormal blos- som development which has been observed before in less abundance. It would be a great help in solving this problem if growers who have observed this would report to someone at the Station manage- ment of the bog on which the ab- normal blossoms developed.
CROP AIR CONTROL ACCIDENTS DECREASE
According to a report issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board, aerial crop control operation accidents reported up to January 31, 1952 totaled 348, a decrease of 91 over the total 1951 accidents. Of the 348 accidents in 1951, 53 involved fatal injury, 41 were serious. Num- ber of aircraft destroyed was list- ed as 1.58 in 1951
Leading cause of accidents in- volved collision with objects such as wires, poles, trees, fence posts. Stalls accounted for 94 of the accidents. Spraying caused the greater number of accidents; dust- ing was next, fertilizing third, seeding fourth. Cotton dusting topped the list, followed by wheat, rice, tobacco and alfalfa. An esti- mated 75 per cent of the accidents were due to pilot error. — (National Agricultural Chemicals Association News).
ElfhtMn
IVY TO CONCEAL AWKWARD FOUNDATION
Many home owner probably feels that a bit too much of the foundation is showing. One way to improve such a situation is to paint the high foundation the same color as the rest of the house.
If this cannot be done, a quick growing vine, such as Boston ivy, can be used to cover the founda- tion. This vine must be sheared where it meets the weather boards or shingles of the house, but the jobe needs to be done only once a year.
Raymond P. Korboro, extension specialist in ornamental horticul- ture, at Rutgers University, New Jersey, suggests a permanent evergreen vine such as English Ivy at the base of the foundation on the north and east sides of the house. In a few years it will cling to conceal the foundation.
With the foundation taken care of, it takes fewer plants to land- scape such a house. Where the foundation is 2% feet or more high, larger growing plants can be used at the corners of the house and next to the doroways. Lower growing plants are then used along the front of the foun- dation between these two larger plantings.
ACE Campaign
(Continued from Page 4)
trie ranges and 25 awards of $10 each. Advertisments are to be placed in Good Housekeeping Magazine and in newspapers in leading cranberry markets (to be announced later) and contain a limerick which the cranberry buyer may complete and send in with an Eatmor label from cello bag or carton. Retailer-Wholesaler Inducement
To induce the retailer to sell more cranberries there is a top prize of a Chevrolet and ten other awards, of choice of a Winchester rifle or shotgun. Entry is by sub- mitting a photograph showing Eatmor fresh cranberry displays in the contestant's store. Whole- salers have a chance to win the same awards as the retailers or grocers by aiding the retailer or grocer in making displays.
Complete details of the promo- tion are to be publicly announced at a cranberry meeting at St. Louis, August 3, in connection with the Annual Convention of the International Apple Association. Plan Based on Five Points
This type of pronrotion this year was based on five specific paints: (1) that consumer sales period is brief, and therefore promotion ef- fort should be made within the .season and hit on specific food
SEE THE NEW
Peace of mind is not easily ac- quired but well planned insur- ance can sure help dispel a heap of worry —
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
It's self-propelled . . . you just guide it. Cuts tough weeds, lawns, even saplings I Save hours of toil with a Jan. See it now!
Hanson Lawn Mower Shop
151 Elm Street Hanson, Mass.
Dahill Co.
1886 Purchase Street New Bedford, Mass.
Marine Appliance Co.
South Water Street Nantucket, Mass.
Lawn & Garden Equipment Co.
65 Stafford Road Fall River, Mass.
H. M. Christensen Co.
1382 Main Street Brockton, Mass.
Wenham Garage
R. F. D. Plymouth, Mass.
Crowell's Lawn Mower Service
75 lyanough Road Hyannis, Mass.
lltl WASHINGTON S™"* WEST NEWTON M. MASS.
NinetacD
shopping days (one reason why newspaper advertising was chosen to bear the brunt of the advertis- ing); (2) analysis of sales has re- vealed that there are large sales in certain areas and little in others; (3) the prize contest is to induce the housewife to ask specif- icly for Eatmor; (4) to influence the trade to push Eatmor and (5) to have flexibility in the pro- gram to shift plans if necessary.
Floods and flood damage that have occurred in many parts of the country are reminders that there is still much to do to hold water on farms in the nation's watersheds. Through proper con- servation practices both soil and water can be held on farms to a far greater extent than at pres- ent.
HUBBARD FERTILIZERS
For
CRANBERRIES 5-10-5 7-7-7
tNSECTICSDES - FUNGICIDES - AMMATE COPPER SULPHATE - FERMATE
SEE YOUR HUBBARD DEALER or
D. L HANNA, General Agent
20 Becker St., Riverside, R. I. Telephone East Providence 1-2104M
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT
Established in 1878
Beaton's Distributing Agency
NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS of
for over a quarter century in United States and Canada
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 130 or 970
Fresh From the Fields
(Continued from Page 5)
bumble bees, reason for this prob- ably being the abundance of clover and wild flowers on the uplands. Growers are using cultivated bees very extensively for pollination thipi spring.
NEW JERSEY
Light Bloom on Late-Held Bogs
Cranberry bloom seems to some observers to be generally light on bogs drawn May 10, or later, while bogs draw earlier have a heavy bioom. However, if the set is good for the later drawn bogs they may still make a good crop. In spite of 3omq extremely hot days, both wild and honey bees have been work- ing in large numbers and indus- triously. Bumblebees have been conspicuously numberous. Insects
Sparganothis and girdler millers appear to be more abundant than usual. Expect Lighter Blueberry Crop
In the blueberry fields, cherry fruitworm is being especially sev- ere in some properties. Maggot flies have been late in emerging so that the first dusting was rec- omended for June 27. There has been considerable fertilizer burn, which seems to have been due to fertilizing while the ground was saturated with water. Under this condition, blueberry leaves will show the same symptoms of burn as occurs when fertilizer is applied just before, or dusting a drought period.
Some Areas Dry
As of first of July, the Chats- worth and Hammonton areas are sufi'ering from some drought in- jury on the lighter soils. Growers generally report a shorter crop than usual.
Personal
Two well know Ocean County cranberry growers participated in this year's "Bermuda Race", Ed- ward L. Crabbe, Vice-President and Daniel M. E. Crabb, Secre- tary-treasurer of Double Trouble ('ompany .sailed the (VM> mile Ocean ruif from Newpoit, K. I., tci St. Diivid's Ik-ad, Bernuulu.
Edward L. Crabbs was aboard
Twenty
William T. Moore's famous 56 foot yawl, "Argyll", the 1950 winner of the racing classes. Daniel M. E. Crabbe was aboard Nev.' Jersey's only entry, Sylvester C. Smith's beautiful 43 foot sloop "Teal" of Bay Head. Both yachts finished among the leaders, although neither was able to capture a prize this year.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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.^70 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
3-3050 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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IBB E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE. WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison 1 |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND, ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
PUT MONEY IN YOUR POCKET
Efficient Use of
ELECTRICITY
In your cranberry ivoric will help do that
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1 300
The future for EATMOR Cranberries never looked brighter. With the selling punch of Oper- ation WINMOR, and the enthusiasm it is creating among customers, the Exchange is confident of in- creased distribution at favorable returns for its members.
I
1,
Eatmor Cranberries
The New England Cranberry Sales Company
9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
OPERATION WINMOR
EATMOR'S new 1952 merchandising and advertis- ing program. . . Featuring a contest with first prize
of a
CRANBERRY RED CADILLAC CONVERTIBLE
«
is
GOING OVER WITH A BANG!
This is the report coming from every one of the 101 MARKETS our representatives are contact- ing this Summer.
OPERATION WINMOR - stimulates the in- terest of consumers and the trade. It will stimulate sales for you — the grower.
AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
Morris April Bros.
Bridgeton - Tuckahoe
New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries
Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
Hall 6? Cole
Established 1848 Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
Cape & Vineyard Electric Company
Offices:
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vin( yard Haven
Wareham Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
AUTO
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
EQUIPMENT
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
HAYDEN
— SEPARATOR — Wareham — Mass.
Pumps
Engines Wheelbarrows
SCREENING MACHINERY
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
IWAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
CRANBERRIES
GROWERS' ATTENTION
Western Pickers, Inc., have been granted pat- ents by the U. S. Gov- ernment Patent Office on their mechanical cran- berry harvester known as the Western Picker.
If you purchase a me- chanical cranberry pick- er be sure it is not a machine which infringes upon the Western Pick- er patent.
You should receive a guarantee of protection against infringement since infringement, if so, carries serious conse- quences under the law.
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
120 Puerto Rican Workers for Mass. Bogs This Year
A total of 120 Puerto Rican agricultural workers is to be sent to Massachusetts in September for use in the cranberry harvest. The number imported last year was 240, one reason for the smaller number expected to be required this season being the small crop anticipated now after the unfa- vorable July weather.
This decision was made at a meeting of the Labor Committee of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association at the Makepeace Company office, Wareham, July 28. Prank Butler is chairman of this committee and J. Richard Beattie, secretary.
The islanders will be flown to Cape Cod, September first and will be housed in facilities provided by various growers. The Massachu- setts Division of Employment and Security Office is assisting in the bringing in of the help.
CRANBERRY WEEK
"National Cranberry Week" has been set this year for September 28 through October 4th, with main
events in Massachusetts. Features of the festival will include the gi- gantic chicken and cranberry bai becue which has proven so popu- lar the past two or three years, the election and crowning of the 1952 cranberry queen.
Plans for this event are still nebulous and committee meetings will begin shortly to work out the details.
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
ALSO CRANBERRY PRUNING MACHINES
C. &L EQUiPMENT CO.
F. P. CRANDON
1191 Main St. Tel. Rochester 89-3
ACUSHNET, MASS.
H. C. LEONARD
191 LEONARD ST.
Tel. New Bedford
3-4332
Two
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The Drouffht
The weather is the chief topic of conversation among cranberry growers. To say that it is hot and dry is stating it mildly. Many growers are considerably more specific in discussing the situation. In any event, records for consecu- tive high temperatures and drought were broken for the month of July. During the first 28 days in July there were 11 days when temperatures of 90 degrees or above were recorded in the weather shelter or above were re- ported on the lowland near the blueberry patch, and 16 consecu- tive days when temperatures ex- ceeded 90 degrees. 102 degrees was the maximum recorded dur- ing this period. From May 30 to July 28 we have had only 2.42 inches of rain which is definitely below normal. The last rain of any consequence was June 30 when .47 inches fell in this area. Overhead Irrigation Pay Off The question of the amount of damage to the crop has been asked a good m'any times during the past few weeks. A quick estimate of damage observed while making regular bog visits would place the loss to this year's prospective crop somewhere around 20 to 25 percent as of July 28. Just what August holds in store for us is another question. Certainly the rainfall in August can be an im- portant factor in determining the size of the crop. The drought of the last few seasons has taught us among other things that it is too late to irrigate after the damage becomes apparent. Once a peat bog becomes dry, it is extremely difficult to wet it up again using the conventional method of rais- ing the water in the ditches. Overhead irrigation equipment has
really paid dividends during the past few weeks. We have seen several bogs where sprinklers have been in operation during the drought, and the crops are in good condition. Some growers have portable irrigation equip- ment and have moved them con- stantly over their bogs regardless of temperatures and sunlight. Very little damage to the berries and vines could be detected. Many growers have been experimenting with flash floods; such floods may increase fruit rots, but that is one of the gambles that has to be taken when a bog is "burning up" from lack of moisture.
Insects The fruit worm season to date (July 28) has been more active than for several years. Fruit worm millers were unusually abundant on many bogs during most of June. Egg counts have been running higher than normal, and there has been considerable spraying and dusting to control this pest. However, control meas- ures have been very eff^ective judging from most reports. The lack of rain has resulted in maxi- mum control fronr our insecticidal applications. Each year a few growers are adopting Dr. Frank- lin's technique of counting fruit worm eggs in order to properly time their control measures. The second brood of the blackheaded fireworm has been active on many bogs. The new brood of weevils appearing about mid-July has been a problem on many proper- ties. The blunt-nosed leafhoppers are still too plentiful throughout the cranberry area. Grub-flowed bogs should be carefully checked for cutworms 10 to 12 days after the grub flow has been removed. August Weed Control
Dr. Cross has kindly prepared some brief notes on weed control for the month of August. They are as follows:
"This year's extended drought has killed out patches of vines, and thinned out the vine cover. These areas are likely to be filled with such weeds as corn gr'ass, barnyard grass, pitchforks, fire- weeds, and other annuals next year. This problem can be checked by preventing these weeds from fruiting this year on the bog, in the ditches and canals, and on the shores. Directions for killing these weeds among the vines with copper sulfate and sodium arsen- ate solutions in August are found in the Weed Chart. Stoddard sol- vent, fuel oil, ammate (2-% lbs. per knapsack of water) and sodi- um arsenate ( Vz lb. per knapsack of water) can all be used effec- tively but to prevent the seeding of these weeds in canals, ditches and on the shores. Mowing these weeds is only a temporary help; they sprout new shoots which flower and fruit, unless the plants are killed by weed chemicals." Before leaving the subject of weeds, growers are reminded again that Dr. Cross' new weed bulletin is off the press.
"Dr. Franklin Day"
The 65th Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation will be held Tuesday, Au- gust 19, at the Cranberry Experi- ment Station in East Wareham, beginning promptly at 10 a. m. It will be known as "Dr. H. J. Franklin Day". Dr. Franklin will be honored for the tremendous service that he has rendered the cranberry industry during his 43 years as head of the Cranberry Experiment Station. President E. L. Bartholomew announces that all cranberry growers and their friends are cordially invited to at- tend this very special occasion.
Personal
Mr. and Mrs. Charles N. Sav- ery of Cotuit have announced the birth of a daughter, Judith Ann. Mr. Savery has bogs in East Sand- wich and Cotuit and is secretary of the Upper Cape Cranberry Club and a director of Cranberry Growers' Mutual."
Thn*
What Is New!
The hot dry weather in Massa- chusetts has done considerable damage to cranberry bogs and has unquestionably reduced the crop. The amount of crop reduction for the state will not be known until the first crop report is released, but the following will give some of the results and some of the fac- tors other than heat and drought which have contributed to the damage.
Some growers have said their damage was only ten percent, others have said 20 to 25 percent and two growers have reported that their bogs would not be picked. This Spring the Massa-
chusetts bogs were in excellent shape and it was felt that the Mas- sachusetts crop would be the larg- est ever, possibly 100,000 barrels over any previous crop. Now the same people are of the opinion that the crop will not be an average one and may even be below .500,000 barrels.
As stated above, the hot dry weather reduced the crop, but if we accept this as the only factor there is nothing which can be done to prevent such losses in the future if similar conditions arise again. On the other hand, if we look for other factors which the grower can control the next hot, dry spell may have less damaging effect on the crop. In many bogs the first spots to be injured were infested with
THE EASY WAY
to install a pump
1. Uig a hole. No cofferdamming, spiling, or pump- ing out. Just a hole full of water.
2. Drop in the pump right in its prefabricated set- ting. Just leave off the discharge pipe and drive pulley.
3. Backfill the hole; add the discharge pipe and pulley; belt on the power and
4. Pump.
For !'umi) settings as for flumes, see
R. A. TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant — Bos Railroads For Sale or Rent
Tel. Carver 04-11 NORTH CARVER, MASS.
grubs or girdler. These insects had weakened the vines, so the weather conditions killed them, whereas in a normal year these vines would have produced some crop. Bogs with very shallow root systems were also injured. Some bogs which were very weedy suffered because the weeds develoned deeper roots than the cranberry. Of course the high spots suffered in many of the bogs. One grower said his trouble was from lack of sand. The bog had not been sanded for many years and it appeared that many roots had developed in the trash which dried out and the vines died. Therefore, it would appear that many of the berries which have been lost could have been saved if the bogs had had the proper care and had been in better grade.
NCA MEETING
A change in place, but not in date for annual meeting of Na- tional Cranberry Association is announced. Date, as before pub- lished, will be August 15, but the place will be at the Onset plant, Routes 28 and 6, Onset, rather than the main office at Hanson. Session will open at 10:30 a. m. Luncheon will be provided at 12:30 for those who let the Hanson of- fice know they are expected.
Change in place was made so that members and visitors might see the Onset plant in operation and inspect the improvements that have been made this Summer.
P%^
pERFBci^Hr^
'««^mHr^.i0
p. a. Box 232
Frone, Colifornia
Four
Issue of august I952 - vol. i? no. 4
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year.
Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-ofFiee at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
Combination of Record July Heat-Drought Cut Mass, Crop
July, 1952 will go down in Massachusetts cranberry history as being the hottest and driest month on record, to date. Heat was un- mitigated all month long. Rainfall totalled .4 of an inch. Of this .06 fell on the evening of the 10th and the rest not until the afternoon of the 29th, a brief shower. These are the figures for the Experiment Station at East Wareham. There would be some general deviation at other points, as in Barnstable County, which was the least hard hit, of the three principal cranberry counties, Plymouth, Barnstable and Bristol.
These, incidentally, were the three miost effected in the entire state. Everything was powder dry, and increasingly so as the month went on.
To even approximately estimate the damage done to the coming crop, let alone vines completely burned into the ground, or less dam- aged, is difficult. By the middle of July estimates were as high as 20 percent. Dr. C. E. Cross giving that figure. As the month came to an end some were saying as high as 30 percent, other's somewhere be- tween, with perhaps 25 percent a safe figure.
Dr. H. J. Franklin called the drought and prolongued heat the worst he had experienced since he came to the Station in 1910. He said he thought at least 20 percent damage had been done. It was the combination of continual heat and lack of rain that make the situation so bad.
May Keep Better
However, if heavy rains come early in August the injury to the total crop might not be quite as serious as seemed possible at end of July. Dr. Franklin pointed out that berries can size rapidly dur- ing August and some "come-back" was still possible. Again on the favorable side are the studies which tend to show that a dry July is favorable to keeping qual- ity and Dr. Franklin said he thought the month might have been favorable in that respect. The July heat might also be one favorable factor toward a heavier crop next year, but would prob- ably be adverse as to keeping quality of the '53 yield.
Normal rainfall for the Middle- boro, Plymouth, Hyannis base, would cover the greater part of the ci-anberry area, compiled for every year since 1887 is 3.41 inch- es. Boston normal is 3.27.
Lowest previous July rain as re- corded in "Weather and Water as Factors in Cranberry Production," Massachusetts Bulletin 433 was .84 in 1944. But the heat was not so intense then. July this year averaged about 6% degrees a day above normal, and there were as many as 12 consecutive days when the temperature was 90 or more in the shelter at the State Bog.
There have been only five other Julys since 1925 when rainfall was less than two inches, these being
(Continued on Pa^e 19)
NEW JERSEY
Feeling is Crop Looks Good
The general feeling among the cranberry growers is that the crop will be as good, if not better than last year.
1952 Spring plantings seem to have rooted and made growth more quickly than usual. This is probably due to the wet planting season and the return of New Jer- sey's normal water table.
No Serious Heat Damage
In spite of the excessive heat in July, there seems to be no gen- eral feeling of serious damage among the growers. There is, however, the usual disturbing blos- som blast.
Damage from girdler injury has shown up this season more sev- erely throughout the state than for several years back. There will be need in many cases to flow in August or September after har- vesting Early Blacks, water sup- plies permitting. Dusting with DDT has been very efl'ective in killing the girdlers millers.
Several growers are making a second airplane application of fer- tilizer on bogs that show insuffi- cient vine and leaf growth.
(Continued on Page 18)
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Five
Preliminary Report on the Development of Cranberry Fruit
Fruit of Early Black, Howes, and McFarlin varieties of cranber- ries were harvested several times in 1946 in order to study their de- velopment. In 1951, these varie- ties were harvested at the State Bog where the Winter flood had been drawn early. The Early Blacks were also harvested from the Railroad Bog, and Howes from Wankinco, which bogs had the Winter protection removed late. The first harvest from the early drawn bog was on July 18, and from the late drawn bogs, July 30; however, cup samples on the late water bogs were not collected until August 29. The average berry weight, average volume and cup count (number of berries per cranberry cup, which is approxi- mately a half pint) were deter- mined at intervals until October 15; late water Early Blacks, how- ever, could not be sampled after September 14.
The data for average berry weight plotted in Figure 1 indicate that in 1951 all berries from the varieties studied from the early drawn bog had about the same weight, half a gram' or about 900 lierries per pound on July 18.
By F. B, Chandler
However, on all samplings on July 30 and thereafter, the large vari- ety, McFarlin, had a greater weight than Early Black and Howes. The average berry weight of the first sampling on the late diawn bogs was the same for Early Black and Howes, about one-eighth of a gram or about 3,800 per pound on July 30.
Between the 18th of July and the 25th of August the Early Black and Howes from the early drawn bog increased in weight at the rate of 0.0185 gram per berry per day, whereas the same varie- ties from late drawn water in- creased at the rate of 0.024 gram between July 30 and August 29. Therefore, the berries on the late drawn bogs grew about 30 percent faster. The fruit grew much slower for the remainder of the season. The rate for the early drawn bog was 0.0005 gram per berry per day, and the rate for late drawn bogs was 0.005 gram per day. During the latter part of the growing season, the late drawn bogs were developing ber- ries at a rate ten times greater than the fruit development on the early drawn bog; nevertheless, the
|
18 ai |
5 |
14 |
?3 |
1 10 19 |
?a |
7 IS |
|
JULY |
AUGUST |
SEPTEMBER |
OCTOBER |
magnitude of the development was much less than it was in the first part of the season.
The data on cup count are pre- sented in Figure 2, which indicate a slightly smaller number (larger berries) for McFarlin at the start and continuing through the study. The cup count for Early Blacks and Howes was about the same for fruit taken from the bogs where the Winter flood had been removed early. The number of berries per cup for Early Black and Howes from the late drawn bog was not quite the same as the count for the early drawn bogs. The cup counts for samples from late drawn bogs were larger than that for early drawn. Gen- eially, growers expect larger ber- ries (smaller cup count) from bogs where the Winter flood held late, but this was not evident in this study.
The curve for the average vol- ume of the berries is nearly the same as the curve for the weight. The daily increase in volume ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 cubic centim'ster from the beginning of the study up to September 10. In the latter part of the season there was very slight increase in vol- ume, ranging up to 0.004 cubic centimeter per day.
Aldrich and Work studied the effect of evaporation, loaf area, and roots on the enlargement of pears in Oregon. The results of their work were reported in the Proceedings of the American So- ciety for Horticultural Science in 1934. From their results it would appear that the growth of the pear and the cranberry may be different. However, they found a decrease in grov^rth rate when evaporation rate was high, even with the soil moisture well above the wilting point. If this is true for cranberries, the growth in July, 1952, would be less than nor- mal because of the very dry sea- son.
As cranberries are always sold on a weight basis, growers should consider the increase in weight in determining whether they should
Sis
be nicked when fully colored or left on the vines to "size up." In 1946, Howes was the only variety studied through October 22, and if the September 5 weight is taken as 100, the increase to September 20 would be 2 percent; to October 5, 4 percent; and to October 22, 11 percent. That is, the crop in- ci'eased about one-tenth of 1 per- cent per day. In 1951, the Howes berries on the early drawn bog increased in weight at the rate of two-tenths of 1 percent from Sep- tember 5 to October 15. The Early Black on that bog increased at the same rate. However, the Howe berries on the bog that was drawn late increased 1 percent per day. Studying the growth from September 5 to Octobr 15 gives a long growth period and might be considered to indicate the growth during the entire harvest. There- fore, it might be interesting to study the growth from September 20 to October 15. During this per- iod the percent growth per day was Howes 1946 early water, 0.002; Howes 1951 early water, 0.000; Howes 1951 late water, 0.005, and Early Blask 1951 early water, 0.000. Because of the in- creased risk and the increased cost of protecting the berries, it is questionable whether a grower is justified in postponing harvest after September 20 for small in- crease in weight.
Weather Data
The following tables summarize the weather data obtained at the Cranberry Station, East Wareham, Mass. It will be noted in the July table that 1949 had the same max- imum as this year, but there were less days the temperature was above 90 degrees. Both of these years had high averages of the maximum readings and high month- ly mean temperatures. The pre- cipitation for July 1952 was very low and 85% of this came in one shower at the end of the month. New Bedford reported this as the driest July in 134 years.
The data for August is also in- cluded in order that Massachusetts growers may know the monthly averages and totals and thus make the comparisons during the month. It will be noted that both 1948 and 1949 had high maximum temper- atures whirh gave high average maximum and high mean. How- ever, when the precipitation is
studied it will be noted that 1948 was the poorer year for growth and production. Nevertheless, August 1948 was a better month than July 1952. August this year has started with 0.19 inches of rain on the first day.
Bryant Sees Crop Of More Than 900,000 Barrels
ST. LOUIS, MO., AUG. 4
A cranberry crop of over 900,- 000 barrels was forecast today by Harold E. Bryant, General Man- ager of the American Cranberry Exchange, speaking at the 58th Annual Convention of the Interna- tional Apple Association.
Bryant said the outlook is high- ly uncertain at this time as a re- sult of drought conditions on the east coast, with growers' esti- mates pointing to a slight increase in Wisconsin and Oregon. Favor- able growing weather for the bal- ance of the season, he commented, will be necessary if the crop is to reach or exceed last year's total of 932,500 ban-els.
The cranberry executive expects that prices, in line with the up- ward ti-end for other fruits, will be
(Continued on Page 18)
GOOD RAINS IN MASS. FIRST OF AUGUST
In the first seven days of Au- gust a total of 4.30 inches of rain fell, or moi-e than enough for the entire average August precipita- tion, which is 3.49. Most of this was on Aug. 6th when there was 2.71 inches. Rain was recorded on four days.
This was "good" soaking rain- fall, which certainly must have been beneficial to the water- starved crop on the vines, and off- set to some degrees, at least the record dry July weather.
JULY WEATHER DATA FROM CRANBERRY STATION, EAST WAREHAM
|
Temperat |
iires |
Precipitation |
|||||||
|
Greatest No. |
|||||||||
|
N |
), |
days |
Days |
with |
■onsecutive days |
||||
|
Year |
Highest |
)0 |
or |
Ave. |
Mean |
Total 1/10 |
inch |
with less than |
|
|
over |
Max. |
or over |
1/10 inch |
||||||
|
1U4S |
91 |
1 |
82.6 |
71.0 |
2.79 |
5 |
7 |
||
|
194n |
9(i |
S |
85.9 |
74.9 |
1.97 |
4 |
12 |
||
|
1950 |
90 |
1 |
82.4 |
71.9 |
1.22 |
4 |
12 |
||
|
1951 |
89 |
0 |
82.5 |
72.5 |
1.49 |
7 |
12 |
||
|
1952 |
96 |
13 |
87.5 |
75.9 AUGUST |
.40 |
1 |
29 |
||
|
1948 |
100 |
4 |
83.7 |
71.8 |
0.74 |
3 |
13 |
||
|
1949 |
100 |
4 |
83.0 |
71.4 |
2.34 |
5 |
11 |
||
|
1960 |
92 |
1 |
80.1 |
70.4 |
3.44 |
4 |
11 |
||
|
19B1 |
87 |
0 |
80.5 |
70.3 |
4.45 |
8 |
9 |
||
|
195? |
9»v»ii
THE STRONGER THE DEMAND, THE BETTER THE NET RETURN
Promotion and Not Production the Answer to a Successful Industry, is the Conviction of Morse Bros., Massachusetts Independents — Consistent Advertising-Merchandising in Their Auto Business Convinced Them of Its Necessity — Offer Constructive Thoughts.
By Clarence J. Hall "Promotion, more promotion and then more promotion is what the cranberry business needs," says George Howard Morse of Morse Bros., of Attleboro, Mass., independent growers and distributors. "And ade- quate promotion and merchandising is all it needs." He firmly believes that the potentials of cranberry marketing are not being reached.
"There is no question of the future of the cranberry industry. Why, we'll never be able to grow enough cranberries if we do the job of mer- chandising we could do. The future will indeed be bright." He continues, "when all growers fully realize that their net return from either fresh or processed fruit, is determined by only one factor. That factor is de- mand!"
The Morses are exciting cran- berry men to talk with. They be- lieve more money must be spent on advertising and general promotion than the average grower thinks. Their enthusiasm indicates they are convinced this "merchandising dol- lar," has got to be larger in pro- portion than it ever has been — enough larger to "scare" those who are opposed to extensive advertis- ing.
Morses Know Promotion
The Morses know something about promotion — really extensive,
intensive promotion. They know how proper advertising builds up sales and how sales builds up busi- ness. George Morse has been sales manager of an Attleboro jewelry manufacturer. He and his brother, Clarence E., have built up Morse Motors (Cadillacs and Pontiacs) in the famed jewelry city of Attle- boro, to car sales of between 700- 800 a year and with car service and accessories are doing a million-a- year gross, which is quite an auto- mobile business in a town of about 24,000 population.
Their success they lay to live- wire, pains-taking promotion. This has cost money, but, it has brought results. More of their hard-hitting views on promotion in the cran- berry industry will be set forth later.
Independent Marketers
Although independent in market- ing, Morse Bros, are charter mem- bers of Fresh Fruit Institute. They are convinced the industry needs both the two major co-ops, ACE and NCA, and try to "play along with them" in every move which is constructive.
The Morse cranberry growers of Attleboro consist of George H., generally called Howard, and Clar- ence, who has been known as "Finn," since boyhood; Howai-d's son, George Howard Morse, Jr., also known as Howard, Louis E., and Richard. The late father of Howard and "Finn," Louis E., and Richard pioneered the way in cran- berry growing, although Louis had other interests as well.
Howard was born in North At- tleboro, Feb. 26, 1904, and is mar- ried, his wife being the former Francis Rioux of Attleboro. Clar- ence, born in North Attleboro, Jan- uary 1, 1907, is married to the for- mer Janet Scott of North Attleboro and the couple has one child, Louis was born in 1897 is married.
Vine Setter and Crew at work on a rebuilt Sharon section (CRANBERRIES Photo)
eifbt
Richard was born Oct. 26, 1906, is married and has two children.
Howard, Jr., was born Oct. 13, 1922, atended grade schools in Attleboro and was graduated from Tabor Academy, prep school at Marion, Mass., which has nautical training, and later attended Mas- sachusetts Maritime Academy then at Hyannis on Cape Cod. He at- tended Babson Institute at Welles- ley Hills, graduating- in 1948, there taking a course in business admin- istration. He is married to the for- mer Joan Smith of North Attle- boro, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Roland Smith.
Howard in Jewelry
After High School in North At- tleboro, Howard, Jr., went to Bry- ant and Stratton Business College in Providence, R. I. From 1933 un- til 1948 he was in the jewelry business engaged as sales man- ager of one of the largest gold- fill jewelry companies in the coun- try. In this position he did exten- sive rtavelling over the country and learned a good deal about promo- tion and sales. Clarence went to Bentley School of Accounting- and worked later for an insurance com- pany and then for Bird and Son of East Walpole. Their father had been prominent in the jewelry business, was interested in the fur trade as a yonug man, when he be- came first interested in cranberries, and was then in cranberries as a side line for about 40 years until liii-. death.
Morse Motors was instituted in 1925 and two years later moved into its present large quarters on Falmouth Street. It was not until comparatively lately that Howard and Clarence became so deeply in- terested in cranberry growing and sales of fruit. Morses Make Up Well-Balanced Team
The Morses make up a well-bal- anced cranberry team. Howard's particular flare is for sales and fi- nance. Clarence is concerned with sales, too, but is also intensely in- trigued by the growing end. How- ard, Jr., is primarily devoted, at present at least, to cranberry cul- tivation and, his father says, "wouldn't even consider going into any other business." Of Clarence's interest in the bogs, Howard de- clares, "There is hardly a day when
the Winter flood is off, that "Finn" doesn't take a couple of hours to "sneak" off to look over the bogs. Clarence, himself says, "I person- ally get a bigger kick out of cran- berries than the garage business."
The Morses, still relatively small in the Massachusetts cranberry pic- ture have in mind quite a bit of expansion. They are also fairly young in the game, but scarcely strangers, with the long experience of their father, they all knew about cranberries since they were boys, had picked cranberries, and for years gave serious thought to pros- pects of getting in themselves. Their decision to become growers and to sell cranberries is nothing sudden.
One Bog Old — One New
Their cranberry holdings at pres- ent are about 33 acres, in two bogs, one in Sharon, 20, the other, 13, in adjourning Wrentham. The Sharon bog is an old one — original building- there was actually as long ago as the Civil War, by a grandfather of the late Roy Turner, well-re- membered grower. This makes this bog one of the oldest in Massachu- setts. Wrentham bog is quite to the contrary. Begun in 1947, it is just now getting into maturity.
As an interesting "by-product" of their old bog in Sharon, there is located upon it the oldest house in that ancient town. Owning the oldest house in a New England community is something of a dis- tinction in itself. This building, built in the 1700's, is now utilized by the Morse Bros., in part as a storage place. That is, the house has been added to and the barn reconverted to use for storage.
The building was once a tavern On the coach road from Boston to Providence. Local history has been verified that, during the time of the Revolution a Boston Tory buried treasure on the present Morse cranberry property — silver and jewels.
Both Sharon and Wrentham arc in Norfolk County. Of the possi- bilities of cranberry growing in that inland district the Morse Bros, are enthusiastic. They point out that the area is natural cranberry country. There are still many patches of wild vines producing each year. Years ago, they say, there were many cultivated bogs
and they can point out probably a total of 200 acres. They are not wrong- in this, for "The Cranberry Industry in Massachusetts," State College bulletin 332, gives Norfolk 269 in 1895, 289 ten years later- its brief peak — and then a drop in 1915 to 60. But in the last decade the curve has started up again.
They share the same cheerful- ness of the other few growers of Norfolk — that tjhe county grows berries — big, sound and plentiful. There surely are comparatively vast acreages of good potential bog. There is, however, the draw- back there is usualy not enough good bog sand around present bogs, or future ones. Sand at the Morse properties is either too fine, clay or it is gravel, with stones too large to be screened economically. The Morses buy their sand.
Norfolk County is also probably colder than Plymouth or Barnstable counties. But the Morses, as do other growers of Norfolk, think there is more sunshine during the year. This is due to absence of as many, foggy, cloudy days as occur in the coastal counties. There is plenty of deep peat. The Morses have a peat bed from 6 to 15 feet deep at Sharon. Water is plentiful and there are springs in the bog it- self for additional water.
Sharon bog, as originally built had no ditches. Seven acres have been completely rebuilt, with ditches, and four more now in pro- cess of renovation. Vines are being ?ct with vine setter and a crew broadcasting. Except for one small piece, all new plantings are Howes. The small patch of Blacks is being put in more for a check plot than for anything else. The new Wren- tham bog is set entirely to the late variety.
The ancient Sharon bog has been re-made several times. It was as much as four feet out of level, dish- shaped. The low center has been refilled, material being taken from higher areas, pushed in, as an ex- periment.
Both bogs are protected for frost and irrigation, by gravity flow. Sharon water is from three reser- voirs. Wrentham is supplied from Rabbitt Hill Stream. One section of the Sharon property has over- head irrigation, which the Morses like.
NIn*
As noted, with exception of the patch of Blacks, plantings are Howes, this late variety being con- sidered more favorable for Nor- folk County condition. The Morses have gotten some excellent crops. From one piece of the re-built Sharon bog, a 3-aere piece, they harvested last Fall 1,056 picking boxes, which is a rate of produc- tion of 117 bbls. to each acre. "Leek" Handy Influence
The late L. B. "Leek," Handy of Wareham was one of the earlier growers of Plymouth County to venture up to Norfolk for bog building. He was a staunch advo- cate of Howes for Norfolk.
Probably it should have been mentioned earlier that Mr. Handy
— who turned more than one man's thoughts towards becoming a cran- berry grower — was actually the "Godfather," of the Morse interest in cranberry culture, Howard says. The late Lewis, many years ago became acquainted with Handy through fur buying. The Morse family acquired some cranberry in- vestments with Mr. Handy in Car- ver and Marion, and Richard Morse, p. brother, is still interested in Handy estate holdings. Mr. Handy also induced the late J. E. Tweedy and the Maintiens of North Attle- boro, in Plymouth County cranberry growing years ago.
Last year saw the largest crop of the Morse Bros, to date, 1650 barrels, but they confidently expect
Howard Moist ,,nd (onst.int nini|Kiiiiiiii ^ijdl' , at Sharon Bog.
(CRANBEIIRIES Photo)
this figure to go up this Fall and thereafter, as the renovation pro- gram takes over and the new bog matures.
As independent distributors last year they merchandised approxi- mately 10,000 bbls. They repre- sent about 15 growers, who are mostly in the Plymouth County area. Their fruit is sold under the label "Paradise Meadow, brand, Vine-Ripened Cape Cod Cranber- ries." Original name of the Sharon bog was "Paradise Meadows." Howard believes they were the first to use the descriptive "vine- ripened" designation.
Prefer Cellophane Pack
"We ship only in cellophane pack- ages or quarter barrels," he ex- plains. "We never ship window boxes. In our opinion, purchasers of cranberries by consumer, rep- resent so-called "impulse buying." A woman shopping, buys what she sees and the color of cranberries themselves is the best means of catching the jDurchasers' eye.
"The cellophane package definite- ly shows a great deal more of the fruit than does the box. Further, the box is a more expensive means of packing and since the first law of merchandising is to be compe- titive, we do not believe that vol- ume buyers would pay a premium for the window box.
"Experience has borne this out and we feel that the net result of shipping berries in the window box, means a lower return for the grow- ers."
He adds, he has no quarrel with those who think window boxes are more desirable to some of the con- suming public. He has made sur- veys among his outlets which prove to his satisfaction they prefer the cellorhane.
Howard A True Salesman
Howard Morse is the salesman type, the extrovert, whose enthu- siasm in promotion and merchan- dising is contagious. Both he and Clarence are salesmen themselves. That is one reason why they are independents. They have no axe to grind with the co-ops. In fact, the opposite. ACE and NCA are necessary in the industi'y. "But," Howard says, "we are well con- tent to be our own salesmen. We can produce more net for ourselves and our snrall group of growers.
Tm
We can do the promotional job as we see it best ourselves."
Howard does much of his selling by telephone, but goes out on the road for about seven weeks each year. For a time Morse Bros., put out a premium pack under the vine-ripened label. They adver- tised nationally, in mediums such as House Beautiful, Home and Garden, Country Gentlemen, New York Times and so forth.
They had no trouble in selling this premium fruit, at a premium price. They received repeat orders year after year from the upper- bracket class. Fine fruit can be sold at a premium price, but they found there was so much work in- volved that a justifiable net was not forthcoming.
Morse Bros, believe no worth- while cranberry market should be neglected. Howard, a year or so ago, made a survey of small gro- ceries, the so-called "neighbor- hoods," in the Attleboro area. He found that only a few carried cranberries at any time of the year, and that even at Thanksgiv- ing not more than half had cran- berries on sale. He said he went after this angle on a test basis, and found that by putting cran- berries in such stores, the stores began to make sales. "Your mar- ket is not only in the chains and supermarkets," he declares, "but in smaller markets, as well. You've got to have cranbei-ries on display everywhere to sell them."
Morse Bros, harvest their own crop with three Western Pickers and package their own fruit and that of most of the growers in their group. As concerns the Western, they says it has been their experience, the machine does not bruise and does pick clean. They pick for about 60 cents a barrel, and under the most favor- able conditions, for as little as 24 cents per barrel.
Their packing house, a short distance from their main garage, was formerly a unit of the Attle- boro street department. They en- larged it, until it is 180x40 feet, single story of brick and cem'ent block construction with doors at either of the two sides for easy entrance and unloading. The building is adjacent to a railroad
Oldest House in Town at Sharon Property.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
siding, should they decide to ship by rail rather than by truck. They have two Hayden sparators and four Baileys. Their packaging machines are St. Jacques (Hayden Separator Comanp.) They utilize Matthews conveyors and have streamlined all operations as much as possible. More remodeling is going on at present, and 2 Spee- Dee Fillers being added. The gar- age furnishes mechanics, in case of need.
Views of the Future
As to the future of the cran- berry industry here their opinion in theii- own words follows:
"As far as the future is con- cerned, we feel that cranberry prospects will be bright when all growers fully realize that their net return from either fresh or processed fruit, is determined by only one factor. That factor is demand. Too many growers think that price should be determined by the cost of production. Cost of production is in no way, shape, form or fancy, related to the sell- ing price of any product. De- mand alone wholly determines price. When growers realize this thoroughly enough, ways and means to increase demand will be found, and the present demand for both fresh and processed berries
can be broadened and enlarged to a great enough extent to take care of any possible increase in pro- duction.
"Many growers think of adver- tising as an attempt to sell only by means of radio, television, bill- boards, newspaper and magazine displays, etc. Actually advertis- ing is only one tool of selling, and promotion. Merchandising, and publicity are other tools, and a combination of all has to be em- ployed in the selling of any pro- duct if maximum results are to be attained.
"Some promotional type of ad- vertising will lend itself well to the cranberry business. Basically, however, advertising in any of its forms is no better than the ideas behind it. Many products are ex- tensively advertised, promoted, and publicized well in advance of the introduuction of the product itself. Why? To create in ad- vance, that all-important demand, to insme the desired good return for the product. In fact in a great many lines of business it's promote, advertise, or die.
"Ocean Spray's team' Chicken with Cranberry is a wonderful ex- ample of the well conceived pro- motion. The thought back of their promotion campaign is not just to
El»»«i>
sell a can of sauce but to sell again and again and again by making- it a habit to associ- ate chicken with cranberry. This promotion is an adbsolute natural and the industi-y is just starting to receive its benefits.
"Only the surface has yet been scratched and, provided the pro- motion continues on a regular basis, the benefits will increase for many years.
"The coming Eatmor Giveaway campaign is another good type of promotion. This has been used of course in many fields and very successfully, and while it costs money, demand should be strengthened sufficiently to get back all costs plus a profit for the industry.
"If we want a strong demand for our fruit with the resulting strong price, we nmst expand to the fullest extent possible, our markets — not just one, but both fresh and processed, and at the same time. Remember, stronger the demand, the better the net re- turn. Anyone who will study the Ocean Spray sales record of the last few years and will also look at the constant advertising ex- penditure, can plainly see that pro- motion money pays very big divi- dends. Prices have been increased twice on the cranberry sauce, but
the thing to remember is that it could not be increased until the demand had been strengthened — and the promotion strengthened the demand.
"Exactly the same results can be obtained in promoting fresh fruit sales. Those growers who despair of the continued large vol- ume fresh fruit market, simply don't realize the huge volunre of profitable business that can be de- veloped by consistent, well organ- ized, and well financed promotional campaign in the fresh fruit field. This whole field of fresh fruit and vegetables, not Just cranberries alone, are just waking up to their profit possibilities thi-ough better merchandising and promotion. If the cranberry industry doesn't step up to this market and pro- mote their cranberries, the boat will be missed.
Their Opinions Merit Consideration
"The nature of any product in the final analysis, determines its sales policy and the percentage of an industries product that should be put into advertising or promotion of course varies. Cran- berry growers in the main, are too apt to think of quarters and half dollars per barrel as enough for advertising. When the day comes when they all realize to the
Peace of mind is not easily ac- quired but well planned insur- ance can sure help dispel a heap of worry —
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
marrow of their bones, that de- mand alone, not cost of production, determines price, this industry will each and every year, willingly spend one or two dollars per bar- rel on promotion in it's various forms. When they do, raising cranberries will be a profitable business and will continue to be profitable just as long as the pro- duct is properly merchandised."
These are strong, carefully thought-out ideas for the future of cranberries . They merit consid- eration.
Great Woods Fire Sweeps Valuable Mass. Cranberry Area
With woods tinder-dry during July all cranberry growers in Mas- sachusetts were fearful of 'fires. On July 24 at 12:30 noon the worst Massachusetts fire of 1952 to date broke out near Bump's Pond in South Carver, not far from the Wareham-Carver town line. The area is filled with acres of cranberry bog. Black and white smoke rolled an estimated 8,000 feet into the hot sky.
Before the fire was under con- trol late that afternoon, an area four miles long by a mile wide had been swept by flames driven by northeast winds which varied wierdly, from time to time. Esti- mated loss was $100,000. No bogs were burned, but much pine land, including 75 acres of the A. D. Makepeace company and 75 by the Smith-Hammond company, also owned by Makepeace interests were destroyed.
This was part of the "Tree Farm," of Mr. Makepeace, for which he had received the first Bay State award going to a cran- berry grower, as reported in the June issue of CRANBERRIES. Loss was estimated at $20,000 by Makepeace interests alone.
Four hundred men from 28 Ply- mouth County communities fought the blaze, directed by a plane from Plymouth County Conservation Service and by Mrs. Alida Bams, 56, fire watcher atop the 75 foot tpwer at the State Myles Standi?h
Twelv*
Reservation. She is the only- woman fire watcher in Massachu- setts. A truck of East Wareham Forest Fire Department was de- stroyed and many thousands of feet of hose, owned by Middle- boro.
State Forestry Director Ray- mond E. Kenney, who was in charge of fighting operations, called it one of the worst in his experience. No vines were burned, but some were scorched by the heat. Some bogs in areas were flooded, including the Harwich bog of the A. D. Makepeace Co. This was a treacherous fire with so many and such valuable bogs throughout the area. Cause was unknown. There had been a fire in the same locality on the 20th but this had been officially de- clared out.
Annual New Jersey Meeting August 28
President Archer Coddington has announced that the regnilar Summer meeting for this oldest of New Jersey growers' associations will be held at Stanley Switlik's layaway Plantation at Prosper- town, N. J., on August 28. The meeting will begin at 10:30 a.m.
The following program will be presented:
Opening remarks by the presi- dent; New Jersey's appreciation for Dr. H. J. Franklin's research career by Isaiah Haines and Charles Doehlert; results of apply- ing dormant sprays against cran- berry scale, by Martin T. Hutchin- son; research with the Steri- Cooler, by Ernest G. Christ; lunch; colored illustrations of cranberry insects with emphasis on their natural enera'ies, by Wal- ter Z. Fort.
A large attendance is expected. Friends and families of members customarily come. Growers who wish to learn about the organiza- tion— which exists solely for the exchange of information — are cor- dially invited.
MASS. STATE BOG
BLUEBEKKIES PICKED
BY THE PUBLIC
Cultivated blueberries at the Massachusetts State Bog this year
were harvested in a new manner, neither by the Station itself, or by contract. Instead the public was invited by Dr. F. B. Chand- ler, who had charge to corae in and pick their own fruit at 25 cents a quart.
The crop was not large this
year, as, for one thing, there had been considerable replanting. However, many read advertise- ments of the offer and from day to day, except on Sundays, there were pickers in the field, and as August came in the crop was be- ing harvested.
\\iJiaHfmL
CRANBERRIES
INDIAN TRAIL is growers working together in "private enterprise."
THAT IS WHY_
INDIAN TRAIL is best for service. INDIAN TRAIL is best for sales. INDIAN TRAIL is low in fees.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
Growers Of
Cape Cod Cranberries
Phone 147
WAREHAM, MASS.
Thirteen
LARGEST SHIPMENT OF CRANBERRY SAUCE (STARTS OUT
Uppei- photo shows official view, the group including: P. J. Murphy an official of the New Haven Railroad on the engine, Mr. Urann, E. V. Murphy another railroad official, Walter A. Piper, Arthur Ccirren, Jr., and Arthur Ceirren, Sr., of Boston, early Ocean S pray brokers covering Boston, New Hampshire and Vermont. Brokers Newton McClurc, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and Broker John T. Kennedy, New York City. Center shows photographers in action, including camerman Dave Ci-aw- ley, representing Life, (wearing suspenders.) Lower, trainman waves from caboose as the long train Pu'ls out. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
This air view shows the dangerous Carver-Ware ham, Massachusetts fire shortly after it had started. In the foreground, right, is the "Round Bog," and left, the "Harwich Bog" of A. D. Makepeace Co. Above, left, is Bumpus bog, on the shores of which the blaze began. Above that is the Edwards bog. Above that and to the left and center, bogs of E. L. Bartholomew and Smith Hammond Company, respectively. Wooded area in the foreground was later burned over.
This was an extremely dangerous fire with so much valuable bog and woodland all through the area. All who had charge of the fight say it was worst, or one of the worst, woods fire they had ever experienced.
(Wareham Courier Photo)
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Sixteen
Vol. 17 - No. 4 ISSUE OF AUGUST 1952
L/ t^'^^^'^'-s,^^
THE GREAT DROUGHT
JULY was a monttf of discouragement to the growers of Massachusetts. It is not a happy experience to see so many thou- sands of barrels of cranberries burn on the vines because there is simply no rain, and the sun shines down relentlessly day after day with such extreme highs in temper- ature. This was the hottest and driest July weather ever recorded in Massachusets cranberry records.
The damage to the Massachusetts crop has been severe. In a report elesewhere in this i.ssue, the story of the great drought and heat is told. We have not intended to over- emphasize the loss, nor can it be minimized. Estimates are often dangerous things to make. Such as in this case of per cents — per cents of what? Obviously nobody knew even before this disaster struck what the crop would be next fall. However, the situation for Massachusetts is admittedly bad. It may improve in August or get worse — all depending upon the weather.
While growers were practically help- less in July against the weather, they could do something about insects and they did. The dryne.ss favored insecticide applica- tions, especially dusts. This, of course, cost money, too.
DO WE REALLY ADVERTISE ENOUGH?
ARE cranberry growers, as a class, too cautious in their evaluation of adver- lising? That would be one of the points raised in the interesting comments of George H. Morse in the article upon the Morse Bros, in this issue. Do too many growers merely regard an advertising as- sessment as simply an extra cost of cran- berry growing per barrel?
With Mr. Morse's contention that the stronger the demand the greater should be the net return, there can be little argument. And he is not the first to state that cost of production has no efl'ect upon price; that price depends upon demand. Demand may be created by effective and adequate "ad- vertising" and by "advertising" is meant all forms of promotion.
NCA and ACE, or at least the officials, have long favored strong cranberry adver- tising as bringing returns and being worth while. The Fresh Cranberry Institute or-
□RANBBRRIBS - WARERAM. MASSACHUSBTTS
Subscription tS.OO per year
Advertiains: rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
ganized last year was a long step in the right direction. But couldn't we, as an in- dustry, be less inclined to hide our light un- der a bushel?
QOME months ago we requested growers to indicate types of material they would like to see in CRANBERRIES. One of these was more scientific articles. We have begun such a series by Dr. F. B. Chandler of the East Wareham Experiment Station, beginning last month with "Poor Draining Peat", and this month, "Prelim- mary Report on Fruit Development." We trust you will find these instructive and worthwhile.
Seventeen
Dr. Franklin Day At Annual Cape Meeting Aug. 19th
Place a check mark against the date Tuesday, August 19. That will be "Dr. Franklin Day," spon- sored by Cape Cod Cranberry
Growers' Association at its an- nual nreeting. Held at the Cran- berry Experiment Station as cus- tomary, this promises, of course, to be a far more interesting day than usual.
Special honors are planned for Dr. H. J. Franklin as his retire- ment draws near. Work has begun
:M^mmm
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
Beaton's Distributing Agency
NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS of
for over a quarter century in United States and Canada
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 130 or 970
on an addition to the station which will be known as the "Dr. Frank- lin Room." This will not be com- pleted in time for the meeting, but it should be framed in.
Morning session will begin as usual at ten with the business matters first to be taken up. Ad- dresses, election of officers and the first U. S. D. A. official crop esti- mate by C. D. Stevens will be given. Committee in charge of the observance of "Dr. Franklin Day" consists of Dr. F. C. Chandler, chairman; Gilbert T. Beaton, sec- retary; E. L. Bartholomew in- coming president of the associ- ation; J. Richard Beattie, Dr. C. E. Cross and Dr. Franklin himself. Luncheon will be served at noon.
Longest Train of Cranberry Sauce Moves August 1
The largest shipment of cran- berry sauce ever to be made, pulled out frora Ocean Spray plant, Onset, August first. There were no less than 27 cars, behind a New' Haven diesel bearing pla- cards. The train had 1,103,698 cans of sauce on board, represent- ing a value of more than $150,000. About a dozen trucks also were loaded, and left the plant that day.
On hand were a number of guests including officials of Na- tional Cranberry Association, New Haven railroad, Walter Pieper, State Farm Marketing Specialist, Ocean Spray brokers from Boston, New York and Connecticut, grow- ers, reporters and cameramen, in- cluding representatives of Life magazine.
The train, to be broken up later, was bound for New England and Southeastern markets. Probably the most remarkable fact was the size of the shipment in mid-Sum- mer, when cranberries have not been in heavy demand. The ship- ment was four times larger than those customarily nrade just prior to Thanksgiving.
FRESH FROM NEW JERSEY
(Continued from Page S)
The program for August 28 meeting of the American Cran- berry Growers' Association has
Eighteen
been announced and can be found elsewhere in this issue. Jersey Blueberry Harvest Early
The blueberry harvest -wiU end sooner than usual; it is 7 to 10 days ahead of normal schedule at time of writing (August 1). Jersey July Weather
Pemberton experienced the hot- test July in its more than 20 years of weather recording. There were 22 days in the month in which the temperature sizzled to 90 °F. or more, and the average maximum temperature was 90.1°F. The average minimum temperature was 63.9 °F. and the average temper- ature was 77°F. A total rainfall of 5.60 inches, 1.38 inches in ex- cess of normal, somewhat miti- gated the harmful effects of the excessively high temperatures and prevented undue damage to cran- berries and other crops in this aiea.
Records kept at Chatsworth by William S. Haines show that the temperature in that area was al- most identical with that of Pem- berton. However, less rainfall was recorded there, the July total be- ing 3.81 inches.
The Pemberton June precipita- tion was 2.70 inches, considerably below the normal, and the average temperature was close to noniial. Over the two month period (June and July) we have had 8.39 inches of rain at Pemberton, which is only .46 inches below normal. Our accumulative 7 months precipita- tion for 1952 is now 31.39 inches, about 6 inches above normal. Our ground water and soil moisture re- serves as a results are in fairly good condition.
Philip E. Mai-ucci
WASHINGTON
The 1952 season is quite late, and two thirds of the bloom was still hanging on the vine in mid- July. This normally means smal- ler berries, that is, a late set does. There is also apt to be a poorer set and usually the bogs become drier later on in the season. While forcasting is still risky it seemed likely in the opinion of D. J. Crowley that the crop prospect was not for any larger j)roductioii than last year, and probably for
about the same.
Groweres continue to do more work under the improved market outlook, cleaning up bogs and a few adding new pieces.
BRYANT SEES CROP
(Continued from Page 7
slightly higher than a year ago. Keeping quality is expected to be good with consumer demand for both fresh and canned cranberries at an all time high.
Bryant's talk at the Apple Con- vention followed a two and a half hour cranberry meeting at which 200 buyers and brokers witnessed the unveiling of a new type of ad- vertising and merchandising pro- gram' sponsored by the American Cranbery Exchange. A glamorous, cranberry costumed "Miss EAT- MOR", and movie actor Bruce Cabot, took part in these cere- monies.
DROUGHT
(CnntittLied from Page 5)
1939 with 1.42; 1937 with 1.02; '36 with 1.87; '34 with 1.26 and 1932 with 1.94.
Greatest damage seemed to be being done, perhaps in Carver- Hanson area, also, Wareham and Plymouth, Middleboro, and these towns are the very heart of the industry. As stated before Barn- stable (the Cape) seemed to have had it slightly easier. A half inch of rain fell in the Harwich dis- trict on the 27th. There are also cooler winds on the exposed Cape and more fog at night contributing to the easement. Prospects Ver.y Good Just Before
Massachusetts bogs started into the season with good prospects, (may be 600-650,000 bbls.) espe- cially just before the heat-dry spell settled down for the month. There was generally better water supplies, even after frost flowing than in many years. However, vines were particularly tender from a lush growth. A simile of the result would be something like taking a quart of ice cream from a store freezer and then carrying it a long way in your car on a boiling day. The bogs just couldn't take it.
or cDUrso growers trie<l every m'eans possible to give their bogs
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were failing, and some were prac- tically dry. Growers placed hose in ditches and used fire pumps, and at least one grower proposed
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filling a spray tank to capacity and then spraying the water upon high places. Dryness was con- sidered, however, somewhat more of a surface dryness than a sev- erely low water table.
While some drought damage was as severe as 100 percent on a few small bogs, and some grow- ers have already made up their minds not to harvest at all on cer- tain bogs, it is hoped substantial rains may come as the Surmner goes on and some recovery .be made, and the July picture be brightened up considerably. How- ever such berries as are gone are gone and conditions may not im- prove fast enough. Vines which are killed are killed, too.
The Massachusetts blueberry crop was injured to some extent by the hot, dry weather, and while at the start of the season pros- pects were good, it is now ex- pected that when the harvest ends in early August the crop will be down quite a bit.
Rain Worth "Million Dollars An Inch"
Cranberries and blueberries were of course not the only Massa- chusetts crops injured. Practically everything was burning up during the month. So serious had the state-wide situation become that on July 29th Governor Dever had asked Secretary of Agriculture Brannan to declare Massachusetts a crop disaster area which would make federal loans available to stricken farmers, and a special state board was convened to con- sider the possibility of calling in professional rainmakers to drench the parched countryside. Walter Piper, state farm marketing spe- cialist, well known to Massachu- setts cranberry growers, was quoted as saying "the actual value of rainfall now is at least a mil- lion dollars an inch."
Insects Well Controlled
The dry weather enabled grow- ers to combat insects with max- imum efliciency from dusts and sprays. This growers did. There was more material used than in several years. There was quite an infestation of fruitworm, as anticipated!, this probably being more severe than last year. There
Tw»nty
was some second-brood fireworm and there was flooding for grub. These were the major trouble- makers.
Growers did this insect control, sanded, and worked on ditches, during the month, neither of the first two contributing any to the size of the current crop.
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KILL WEEDS AT |
LESS COST |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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I'ROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
. 6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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2.30 N. Michisan .. |
3-3050 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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1.55 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
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SeOO S. Garfield Ave.Madison 1 |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND. ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
AUGUST
I Climaxes the Growing Season
I ELECTRICITY
I Is the climax in Efficiency in your cran- I berry work, in your home
Plymouth County Electric Co.
^
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1 300
The 1952 Merchandising and Advertising Pro- gram of the American Cranberry Exchange merits the support of every Cooperative-minded cranberry grower.
Membership in this Company automatically ad- mits a grower to membership in the Exchange and Cranberry Growers Council,
I
Eatmor «■ Cranberries
The New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
when It's Too Hot to Cook-
CONSUMERS WANT A MEAL THAT'S READY - TO - SERVE !
What better time for two quality brand canned foods to get together than during the hot weather months of July and August to promote a meal without cooking?
Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce and Swanson Canned Chicken joined forces to feature chicken 'n cranberl-y salads in ^ , A full page, 4-color advertisement in LIFE Magazine Advertisements in national magazines
Advertisements in newspaper supplements
Swanson's TV Prograrti .^rom 44 Stations .
Recipe suggestioi,is't0i,raa^azine^lifte\yspapers, radio and TV f , ' ,.. ' . . / ' ■ "
Selling ideas spread by Twq'Sales Forces
It's no wonder that grocers acrosfe the country' are making more money by displaying Ocean Spray and . Swanson side by side in their stores. "^'J-? fl;!- ^^My'r--:
AND It's no wonder that Ocean Sprays sale's went over 200,000 cases and broke the record for July!
BE SURE you are sharing the full benefits of this year 'round cran- berry market. Be with National Cranberry Association 100 per cent.
National Ckanbekky Association
THE GROWERS' COOPERATIVE
Hanson, Massachusetts
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass.
Tel. AR 5-6100, 6-6101
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The Season Is Here!
1952 Cranberry Season is here, and the outlook for help is very poor. The small grower, who finds it harder to get help than the large grower, owes it to himself to buy a Western Picker. Go- ing through a picking season without labor headaches should be worth the price of a machine.
The Western Picker will pick cleaner, faster and more economically than any other method. It does not get sick or have to go to Grandma's funeral or a ball game. You don't have to pay it off every night or figure deductions. The first payment is all for years ahead. A little clean- ing after the season is over and you are ready for the next year.
We know the money for the Cranberry Grower the past few years has been very tight. Why not see your lo- cal banker? You will find him more in favor of financ- ing you in buying a Western Picker than in the past. He knows that picking cranber- ries mechanically will be- come a must, if you intend to stay in the cranberry business.
We have had growers tell us they would not be raising cranberries today if they had not bought West- ern Pickers in 1949. Some of these growers are buying machines again this year to add to their present string. The Western Picker has proven itself to be a money- saving item in the cranberry industry.
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
(A 1)1')
Freezing to Be Theme of Fresh Fruit Institute
By Robert Knox
Several of the largest and best- known makers of home freezers will cooperate this fall with the Fresh Cranberry Institute in stag- ing a nation-wide cranberry freez- ing contest among students of home economics.
With almost two million girls en- rolled in these classes in high schools and colleges, the contest holds real promise as an education- al activity. It is the beginning of what we hope will become an an- nual Institute program.
As this is being written the fol- lowing companies have agreed to donate one home freezer each to the schools from which the best recipes are selected in each of five groups of states: Westinghouse Electric Corp., Kelvinator, Sanitary Refrig- erator Company, International Har- vester Company, and The Ben-Hur Manufacturing Company. Several other companies are considering participation in the contest, and at least one or more is expected to take part.
The home freezers will constitute the principal prizes to be awarded. While these freezers will be given to the schools, matching scholar- ships of $100.00 each will go to the winning students in each of these schools. Smaller cash prizes will be awarded to runners-up. Grand Winner Goes to New York From among the district or reg- ional winners a grand prize winner will be selected, who, together with her teacher, will be awarded an all-expense trip to New York some time in December.
Emphasis this year is being placed on the freezing of cran- berries because it is our belief here at the Fresh Cranberry Institute that no other fruit or vegetable is so well adapted to fi'eezing. Our own General Electric Freezer is crammed with frozen pies, relishes, and other dishes as a part of our own background research on frozen recipes. These are being checked at regular intervals to determine rri'c/.cr lifr siian, and should give IIS ii gi<'at. (Ic.-il of iiirdiinaliiiii
which should be helpful.
Almost everywhere we have dis- cussed the freezing contest we have met with enthusiastic interest. For example, the National Rural Electrification Cooperative Associ- ation and Rural Electrification Ad- ministration in Washington have promised coopei'ation in giving v/ide-spread publicity to the con- test. Much help has already come from the National Electrical Manu- facturers Association here in New York. Other agencies — both pri- vate and government — have indi- cated their desire to help make this contest a real success.
Cranberry Freezing
Research work here in the test kitchen has already resulted in the compilation of an 11-page mem- orandum on cranberry freezing. While this is being made available to publications, and radio and tele- vision stations, it is also going out to home economists employed by public utilities throughout the United States, as well as state home demonstration agents throughout the country.
Recently we mailed a letter to about 340 home service directors. Already more than 250 have re- plied, saying they could make use of this special material. Home service directors are in close touch with literally hundreds of thou- sands of women throughout the country. They hold regular dem- onstrations on the use of electrical appliances and the idea of freezing (Continued on Page 16)
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
In spite of the prolonged drought and heat experienced in July, Massachusetts growers are apparently going to pick a fair crop of cranberries this Fall. The official crop estimate of 520,000 barrels, made by the New Eng- land Crop Reporting Service, sur- prised some, but it came reason- ably close to the unofficial esti- mates (guesses) of many. The heavy rainfall in August certainly relieved a very serious drought problem for many cranberry grow- ers. A total of 6.61 inches of rain was recorded at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station during the first 28 days of August, which is well above normal for the njionth. We expect that harvesting will begin about Sept. 8; however, the cool nights experienced the last week of August may advance this date a few days.
This brings up the subject of Fall frosts. Water supplies are critically low and many bogs lack adequate frost protection. How- ever, plans have been completed to send out frost warnings as us- ual. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association is again sponsoring the popular telephone frost warning service. The radio schedule will be the same as last Spring, which is as below.
We are indebted to Dr. Frank- lin for the splendid frost warning service that he perfected and ad- ministered so capably these many years.
There has been some indication that pickers will be a little scarce this Fall, but the situation has ap- parently improved the last week
or two. A special Cranberry Labor Committee has been meeting regu- larly since early last Spring to consider the problem. It was de- cided that some imported labor would be necessary to supplement our regular harvest forces. As a result of the committee's endea- vors, working closely with the Massachusetts Division of En;':jloy- ment Security, 120 Puerto Ricans will be imported this Fall. They will be employed by 10 growers who have signed the necessary contracts. We hone their period of employment will be a pleasant one and profitable to all concerned. The employment offices in New Bedford, Brockton, and Hyannis are establishing local headquarters throughout the cranberry area for the convenience of growers in re- cruiting and placing local help. In order to be of service, the em- ployment offices must know the growers' labor requirements as early as possible.
Fall Suggestions
A few suggestions for the Fall season are outlined for the grow- ers' consideration: Every eff'ort should be made, according to Dr. Franklin, to flood a bog as soon as it had been picked regardless of whether the floats are to be salvaged. The vines have been subjected to rough treatment as the rseult of the scooping oper- ation which was preceded by pro- longed drought. A good drink of water immediately after picking- will help revive these injured vines. There is another important benefit from such a flooding — it re- moves m'uch of the harmful trash
that accumulates on bogs each year, and reduces the possibility of smothering the vines. Dr. Franklin refers to it as the "Fall cleanup flood". The float boat, particularly the airplane propeller type, driven over the flooded bog does excellent work in bringing up the trash to the surface of the water where it can be collected and disposed of in a suitable m-inner.
The work of the Cranberry Gird- ler can now be seen on bogs where this pest is a problem. Patches of dead or dying vines are an indi- cation of the presenca of this in- sect. Dr. Franklin and Joe Kelley recommend a Fall flood where Girdlers are a severe problem. Such a flood should be made be- tween September 15 and Septem- ber 26 and held for 6 days. It is sometimes necessary to hold this flood with the harries still on the vines. The Howes variety should stand this treatment and still be suitable for the fresh fruit mar- ket, while the Early Blacks us- ually have to be sold to a pi'oces- sor.
Dr. Franklin and Joe Kelley be- lieve that it is a sound practice to postpone until next Spring pruning, raking, and sanding oper- ations on bogs that lack a proper Winter flood. Apparently tha me- chanical injury to the vines from these operations make them' more subject to Winter killing.
There are still many gi'owers who vave not secured their copy of Dr. Cross' new weed bulletin. They are available through the County Agent's ofiice, the Mailing Room at the University of Massa- chusetts, or the Cranberry Experi- ment Station. Speaking of bulle- tins, Dr. Franklin's new supple-
|
Station |
Place |
Dial AM FM |
Aft'n |
Evenings |
|
|
WBZ |
Boston |
1030 k. 92.9-46.7 |
mg. |
2:30 |
9:00 wkds. 9:30 Sunday |
|
WOCB |
W. Yarmouth |
1240 k. 94.3 |
mg. |
3:00 |
9:30 |
|
WBSM |
New Bedford |
1230 k. 97.3 |
mg. |
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Cranberry Specialist and Grower"
H. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
ThrM
ment to Bulletin No. 445, Cran- berry Insects in Massachusetts is
just off the press. This com- pletes Dr. Franklin's work on cranberry insects. Every cran- berry grower should secure a copy of this Supplement.
A new marketing season has ar- rived. Real progress was made last year in establishing greater confidence with the trade by fur- nishing them with a good pack at fair prices under relatively stable marketing conditions. It is grow- ers' responsibility to furnish the marketing agencies with a high- quality pack that the trade will find profitable to handle and that will satisfy Mrs. Consumer. As we all know, this means care- ful handling of our crop from har- vest through the screening and packing operation. Avoid as much bruising of the fruit as possible, remove field heat quickly frorre the picking boxes, attend to the de- tails of proper ventilation in our screenhouses, and screen and pack carefully. The first shipment of cranberries is carefully judged by jobbers, wholesalers, retailers, and Mrs. Consumer. Let us be sure that the first shipments are favor- ably judged, and continue to main-
CRANBERRY BOG Pruning and Raking
EFFICIENT & ECONOMICAL
SCYTHETTS
and
Scythette Repairs
Call
F. P. CRANDON
191 Main St., Acushnet
TEL. NO. ROCHESTER 89-3
H. C. LEONARD
191 Leonard St., Acushnet
NEW BEDFORD 3-4332
C. & L. EQUiPMENT
COMPANY ACUSHNET, MASS.
tain a high-quality pack both fresh and processed throughout the season.
Finally, the writci' would like to express his appreciation to Dr. H. J. Franklin for his assistance in supplying matter for these monthly articles. His kindly sug- gestions and criticisms are deeply appreciated. It has been a dis- tinct privilege to have worked with him. With the near comple- tion of his new quarters, we at the Cranberry Experiment Station trust that his wise counsel will be available for many years to come. To his successor, Dr. Chester Cross, the writer extends his con- gratulations and pledges his sin- cere cooperation for the years ahead.
Cranberry Sales Company Appoints New Manager
The election of a general man- ager for New England Cranberry Sales Company was announced August 27 by president Homer L. Gibbs of the company. He is L. A. Blake of Presque Isle, Maine.
Blake comes to the cooperative as a business administrator with a background of experience in co- operative sales work. He is pres- ently employed as project manager for general contractors, T. W. Cunningham, Inc., and Stewart
and Williams, Inc., at the Presque Isle Air Base. Previously, Blake held positions as comptroller and office manager, Maine Potato Growers', Inc., and assistant to the president, Atlantic Coast Fisher- ies Company. He is expected to begin his new duties at Middleboro about Sept. 15.
In making the announcement, president Gibbs said, "The ap- pointment of Mr. Blake is an im- poi'tant step in our long-range program to revitalize the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany. We feel fortunate in being able to secure a business adminis- trator of his ability to take over the general managership of this cooperative and look forward to a period of sound development and growth under his leadership."
"The association", he continued, "feels greatly indebted to Miss Sue Pitman for her capable ad- ministration of the company's business affairs as acting general manager and believes that her valuable experience in the sales company, combined with the over- all administrative ability of Mr. Blake, will assure the success of the New England Cranberry Sales Comoany in the future."
The election of Blake by the Board of Directors at a meeting Tuesday night followed the unani- mous recommendation of a special committee composed of George Briggs, Paul E. Thompson, Russell A. Trufant and E. W. Burgess, which had been assigned by presi- dent Gibbs to interview candidates and select a suitable administrator for the position.
The Harvest is On!
When you pick and store your cranberries protect the sizeable cash investment you have in them with sound, properly written fire in- surance.
Call us and discover how amazingly inexpensive this insurance is.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Four
V/ f^'"''"""''""'''^^^/!^^
ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER 1952 — VOL. 17 NO. 5
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham. Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
With the heavy rainfall of Aug- ust, 6.64 inches, whereas the nor- mal for the State Bog at East Wareham is but 3.49 and a precip- itation of .34 inches on the night of Labor Day (the tail end of the sea- son's first hurricane) the outlook for the crop improved considerably over that previously foreseen. However, most seem to consider it rather doubtful if the forecast of 520,000 bbls. for Massachusetts is reached. On the other hand, it must be admitted, some feel it will be.
Another favorable factor was the coming of cooler weather the third week in August when the berries (after rains) began to take on color and size. Nights were chilly and days warm, ideal "cranberry weather" for the time of year. On the morning of August 22 there were even some thoughts of early frost, with temperatures around 36 being reported at bogs in South- eastern Massachusetts and at one in Holliston in Middlesex county of about 30.
Picking Began Last of August
Very light, scattered picking be- gan the last week in August, that is, snapping, a little hand picking, and some scooping on high spots and along ditches. There was some picking the first week in Septem- ber, but the bulk will not get really underway until the week of Sep- tembei* 8th. What little harvesting has been done, some of it with ma- chine, has been too little to really give any indication. A better idea was expected to be gained at the meeting of N. E. Cranberry Sales Company at South Carver, Septem- ber 6th, but too late to report in this issue.
Cranberries 1952 Crop
U. S. Department of Agriculture in its preliminary forecast of production has estimated total yield as 908,200 barrels — slightly less than the 1951 crop, but 18 percent above average. Larger crops are expected for New Jersey, Wisconsin and Oregon, smaller for Massachu- setts and Washington.
Massachusetts was forecast as 520,000 barrels, compared to 560,000 last year. New Jersey 90,000 as compared to 76,000 last year; Wiscon- sin, 225,000 as compared to 196,000 last year; Washington, 48,700 as compared to 57,000 last year; Oregon 24,500, compared to 20,800 last year.
Last year's total was 910,300. Ten-year average 769,660.
Crop of Massachusetts is estimated at 7 percent less than last year but 5 percent above average. Up to July 1, this year, report states growing condition were generally favorable for development of the crop, but during July weather was abnormally hot and dry, which was adverse. Berries are smaller than either last year, or average. Since August 1, anrple rains fell. (Dr. Stevens in giving his report at annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association said the size was being helped by this fact daily.) A crop of 56 percent Early Blacks is expected, 36 percent Howes and 8 percent others.
New Jersey weather this year was generally favorable, prior to Au- gust. Berries were sizing rapidly, but were expected to be late because of uneven ripening.
Wisconsin is predicted as 15 percent above last year and 53 above average.
Washington is below average. Bloom was late. Oregon production is expected to be a record.
P^'eliminary Allocation 40-40-20
The Cranberry Growers' Council meeting at Hanson, Massachusetts, the week of August 11 made a tentative allocation of the forthcoming ACE-NCA crop on a 40-40-20 basis, which means, of course, 40 to the fresh market, 40 for processing and the 20 to be swung to either mar- ket. This swing would be as the quality of the fruit becomes more de- termined and market prospects develop.
Pickers Scarce
Pickers were not expected to be plentiful, in fact decidedly on the scarce side, and it is believed that the 120 Puerto Ricans who arrived in two contingents, September 2nd and 6th, would definitely be needed. Water Supply Down
Water supplies, despite the heavy August rainfall, were down as con- cerned frost flowage.
WISCONSIN
Harvesting Earlier This Year
Harvesting was starting earlier this year than in any of the past three. Berries were larger and riper, and quality is expected to be beter than last year. Produc- tion has been estimated at between 200-225,000 barrels. Frost damage
(Continued on Page 18)
FIv*
SANDING EXPERIMENTS
By F. B.
The merits or advantages of sanding do not have to be ex- plained to cranberry growers, and most growers are competent judges of the proper time to sand. Because this practice is a very ex- pensive one and often reduces the crop the following year, it would be desirable to sand less often or to have a cheaper cultural method. However, it is impossible to have a substituts until the functions of sanding on plant growth and fruit- ing are known. Studies to deter- mine this function will be com- pleted this Fall. Then it will re- duce or elirrjinate sanding. Until such experiments have been com- pleted, sanding will still be prac- ticed as it has been for more than a century.
The purpose of this article is to present some of the information obtained from the studies of sand collected from sand pits and cran- berry bogs. The samples collected on bogs were from high and low production bogs or sections. Siev- ing or mechanical analysis of the samples has permitted the de- scription of them in percentages of very fine sand, fine sand, sand, coarse sand, etc. Water or hydro- meter studies have permitted a de- scription in terms of sand, silt, and clay. All samples studied so far have some clay, most of them having two to three percent. The samples with more than ten per- cent clay created a problem in water management, but one of these bogs had excellent vines and very good production. The amount of silt (particles larger than clay and smaller than very fine sand) varied more than the clay, from less than one percent to over nineteen percent. Generally, as the amount of silt increased, the growth of vines and the yield de- creased, but this was not always true. The next largest particle, very fine sand, was present from two percent to over forty percent. The fine sand varied about the same as the very fine sand, and the percentage of both was gen- erally higher on bogs with thin
Chandler
vines and poor production. Bogs that had high percentages of fine materials and still had good vine growth and good production were found to have a different water management than the bogs with high percentages of fine materials and poor vine growth and produc- tion.
When vigor and production are studied in relation to the largest- sized groups of sand, little or no relationship is found. This prob- ably is true because no growers have opened sand pits that had high percentages of coarse gravel or stones; moreover, m'uch of the sand applied to bogs has the stones removed before spreading.
The bog with the best vine vigor and production had fifty percent or more of particles classified as sand or coarse sand (about % to 1 millimeter.) This particle size also has the easiest management.
Growers who plan to sand this Fall are welcome to bring sam- ples of the sand to the Cranberry Station for analysis. The sample should consist of at least a pint of sand and should I'epresent the pit. Samples taken from the sur- face generally are not representa- tive.
Fine sand.r"
V4-I/I mm,:
coarse sand,
-V2 mm.
ftne gravel, 2-1 mm.;
gravel, 5-2 mm.
Sand actual size separated me- chanically by sieves. The adjective describes the relative size and the range of dimension is given in millimeters. Two samples of gravel are also included.
WEATHER DATA
The weather during August has been much wetter than average, with 6.64 inches of rain. This has rejuvenated many of the cranberry \ines which were injured during the July drought, but the rainfall has not been sufi:'icient to get all the reservoirs back to normal. The rainfall on August 3, 7 and 13th was heavy, falling at the rate of 0.12, 0.18 and G.09 inches per hour. On August 13th the rain accumu- lated faster than it could be ab- sorbed or run off, causing the lower part of one bog to be under water. It is not known whether this bog also had water accumulate on the surface on August 3 and 7th, but the bog may have been dry enough to absorb the precipitation early in the month.
In September growers hope for weather which is cool at night to aid color development, but not cool enough to cause frost. During' the day it is desirable to have diy n^ornings and afternoons which are not too hot and to have a slight breeze. On October 1st in 1950 the maximum temperature was 83 without a breeze. Harvested ber- ries in boxes exposed to the sun reached a temperature of 114° and possibly higher. The ton boxes were covered, but the exposed ber- ries in the lower boxes were killed by the heat. This type of injury may occur in September when the temperature climbs to 83° and there is no wind. Therefore, growers should see that berries are covered in unusually warm weather.
9i>
WEATHER DATA FROM CRANBERRY STATION, EAST WAREHAM
Temperatures Precipitation
|
Greatest No. |
|||||
|
No. days |
Davs with |
consecutive days |
|||
|
90 or Ave. |
1/10 in. or |
with less than |
|||
|
Year |
Highest |
over Max. Mean |
Total |
over |
1/10 inch |
|
August |
|||||
|
1948 |
100 |
4 83.7 71.8 |
0.74 |
3 |
13 |
|
1949 |
100 |
4 83.0 71.4 |
2.34 |
5 |
11 |
|
1950 |
92 |
1 80.1 70.4 |
3.44 |
4 |
11 |
|
1951 |
87 |
0 80.5 70.3 |
4.45 |
8 |
9 |
|
1952 |
87 1 |
0 81.7 71.6 September Vo. days 85 or over |
6.64 |
9 |
8 |
|
1948 |
86 |
4 62.1 |
1.13 |
3 |
10 |
|
1949 |
85 |
1 62.3 |
3.37 |
8 |
13 |
|
1950 |
81 |
0 60.3 |
2.21 |
5 |
16 |
|
1951 |
83 |
0 65.0 |
1.03 |
3 |
16 |
What is New!
Most cranberry growers deposit their money in a dependable bank and withdraw the money or draw checks as needed. How many have considered the soil as a bank in which to deposit fertilizer, plant nutrients, (except nitrates) to be withdrawn later by the plant roots ? Soil have a miracle ma- terial which performs this bank- ing function. The miracle material is very fine, (10,000 particles placed end to end would cover 1/25 of an inch) and holds the nutrients (except nitrates) against washing out by rain. The nutrients are held in such a way that only the plant roots can get them and this must be done by an exchange of material which is of little or no use to the plant.
The withdrawal by the roots is relatively certain, as most plants have a tremendous root surface. A rye plant about four weeks old may have over 5,000 square feet of root surface.
When applications of large amounts of fertilizer ai-e made, the quantity which is not held by the miracle material may be fixed in complex compounds that will be- come available later. In compari- son to the bank, this is similar to investments such as bonds which the bank may cash when neces- sary. The soil is also like a bank ■ in that withdi-awals cannot be made until there has been deposit.
The above is a very simple ex- planation of the complexities of base exchange and other reactions in soils which was developed by
Dr. Emil Truog of the University of Wisconsin.
CranbeiTy soils are not like most soils because a large per- centage of the growing medium is sand. However, there is a small ara'ount of clay and usually there is peat below the sand, so that above comparison with banking- will still hold true. Because of the relatively small amount of base exchange material, cran- berry soil will hold less fertilizer, but cranberries use a much smaller amount of nutrients to produce a crop than most of the other cultivated plants. The above attempts to explain how fertilizers are held in the soil until used by the cranberry plant.
KEKKIGEKATION IMFOKTAJN T
IN FRESH FRUITS
VEGETABLES
Improved methods for prepack- aging fresh fruits and vegetables are coming from extensive tests conducted under the Research and Marketing Act of 1946, say sci- entists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The tests em- phasize the importance of refriger- refrigeration in keeping packaged commodities fresh.
Results are giving precise in- formation on the type of films best suited for packaging different fruits and vegetables, on the need for ventilation in films used to package certain products, and on the temperatures required to maintain freshness. The work is an important phase of the Depart- ment's studies on the handling and transportation of fruits and vege-
tables.
The recent findings, by the Bu- reau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, which emphasized the importance of re- frigeration, show for example that apricots in sealed film will main- tain satisfactory quality up to 6 days when stored at 40 °F. but will develop bad orders and off- flavors quickly if held at 65°F. Newly harvested and cured pack- aged sweet potatoes can be held satisfactory for 4 weeks at 55 °F. but only 2 weeks at 70 °F. Carrots packaged in some types of film can be held for 6 days at 70 °F., 2 weeks at 40 °F .,and 3 weeks at 32°F.
Onions, sweet corn, and broccoli spoil quickly when packaged in film that is not ventilated with small holes. Nutmeats, on the other hand, maintain freshness best when packaged in strong film that is moistureproof, airproof, and not affected by the nutmeat oil.
The tests, under the direction of W. T. Pentzer, show that packag- ing in the right kind of film pro- tects apples, oranges, and lemons from losses in weight. Liners of this film in fiberboard cartons re- duced wilting and softening and enhanced the appearance of Golden Delicious apples. There was little shriveling in lemons packaged in moistureprof film. Weight loss in oranges held at 70 °F. and 50 per- cent humidity for 6 days was 6 percent for those in mesh bags but only 2 percent for those in film bags.
SOUTHEASTERN OREGON CLUB MEETS
A picnic dinner was scheduled for members of the Southeastern Oregon Cranberry Co-Op at the Wilson and Wilson bog at Bandon, September 7th. All other cranberry growers were invited to attend.
Three million acres or approxi- mately two-thirds of the land area of Massachusetts are covered with forest land. To a forester, these trees are just like money in the bank.
S«v»p
A dramatic moment came when Dr. Franklin, concluding his farewell speech, called in Dr. C. E. Cross, naming him successor as director of the Cranberry Experiment Station. All felt the solemnity of the occasion, as expressed by the sober expressions of G. T. Beaton, Association secretary, left, and presi- dcn E. L. Bartholomew, center. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Industry Honors Its Beloved Scientist on "DR. FRANKLIN DAY"
Record Attendance Pays Tribute at Annual Meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and Hears Him Announce Dr. C. E. Cross His Successor.
Dr. Henry J. Franklin, who re- tired as director of Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, on September 1st, after serving 43 years was hon- ored August 19 by cranberry growers of the nation and others with "Dr. Henry J. Franklin Day" sponsored by Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association at its annual meeting. This was his day, except for a brief opening business ses- sion, and the customary official preliminary forecast of the coming eorp by C". D. Stevens of the US DA, and the presentation of Dr. Chester E. Cross, associate in re- search at the Station, as his suc- cessor.
This was Mr. Steven's 25th re- port before the association and it is given elsewhere.
"Dr. Henry J. Franklin Day," was an event "rowei.s had been anticipating with mingled feelings, regret over his retirement at reaching the age of 70 and pleas- ui'e in being able to honor him^
Eifht
with gifts and other tributes. The principal gift is the building of an addition at the State Bog, now nearly completed, to be known as the "Dr. Henry J. Franklin Room," giving- the retiring di- rector a place in which he may do any type of further research he wishes. Through the auspices of the Cape Cod association, a special committee, headed by Gilbert T. Beaton, a fund has been raised from' cranberry g\i'owers of the country to make this possible.
Tributes
Tributes to Dr. Franklin in- cluded a special commendation and check from American Cranberry Growers' Association representing all growers of New Jersey; travel- ling bags for Dr. Franklin and Mrs. Franklin from the Cape Cod Association; a set of bound vol- umes of his own works from Uni- versity of Massachusetts; and a color photograph of cranberries from E. G. Hudson, Brockton photographer who has done special work with Dr. Franklin. Mrs. Franklin also received an orchid corsage, which was presented to her by Mrs. Fred B. Chandler. Mr.s. Joseph Kelley presented the travelling bags to Mrs. Franklin, and paid tribute to her in a brief k talk.
Officials Attend
Most of the day was devoted to expressing appreciation to Dr. Franklin, who has been in contin- uous service at the station for 42 years and 11 months. Greetings came from growers, old friends, the University of Massachusetts, the State Agricultural Depart- ment and Massachusetts Governor Paul A. Dever. Commissioner Henry T. Broderick represented the state directly. Speakers from the University of Massachusetts were, Alden C. Brett, chairman of the Board of Trustees and Dr. Dale H. Sieling, dean of the Col- lege of Agriculture and head of Massachusetts Extension Service.
Dean Sieling succeeded Dr. Fred J. Sievers, a year ago. Mr. Siev- ers, now retired, also appeared on the program, "welconring" Dr. Franklin into retirement. Others included Harold Thompson, foun- der of the Massachusetts Field Station at Waltham; Congressman Donald W. Nicholson, John C. Makepeace, Marcus L. Urann, Chester Vose, Marion. Attorney Franklin E. Smith of Boston.
President E. L. Bartholomew, who had charge of the meeting was compelled to limit most speak- ers to only a few words as a long program had been arranged. Mr. Bartholomew said even as it was,
he did not believe a quarter of those who should have had a part in the program did so.
Program Impressive
Hovi^ever, the program was a most impressive one and so in- tense was the feeling of the day that more than one speaker had to pause while fighting off emotion. It was a great day for the gi'eatest of cranberry scientists, whose name is known the world over in scientific circles and to all concerned with cranberries. His research was said to have added many millions to the value of the cranberry crop and that in his writings he had laid down an en- during memorial to himself.
Other guests of honor included, Prof. James W. Dayton, in charge of Extension Service at the Uni- versity of Massachusetts: Dr. Carl Fellers, in charge of food tech- nology; Dr. A. E. French, Prof. Herbert Stapleton; Dr. Fred E. Cole, marketing and former state agricultural director; Dr. H. F. Bergman, senior U. S. plant pa- thologist; Miss Edith Felton of the University who has had charge of the publishing of Dr. Franklin'.'; bulletins; Carleton Pickett, secre- tary Massachusetts Farm Bureau; Prof. John S. Baily, pomologist; Walter Piper, State division of marketing; Joseph T. Brown, man- ager Plymouth County Extension Service; County Agent Bertram Tomlinson, Dr. F. B. Chandler, Dr. Cross, J. Richard Beattie, Joseph Kelley and George Rouns- ville of the station staff, and others.
Most of these had known and worked with Dr. Franklin over many years, and warm indeed, were the words they spoke.
Dr. Sievers, in one of the major addresses said he believed that Dr. Franklin had enjoyed himself in the years of service he had given to cranberry culture. He com- mended growers of former gener- ations with being patient when Dr. Franklin first came and laid the foundations for the research sta- tion.
Makepeace Speaks
In introducing Mr. Makepeace, Mr. Bartholomew said that when Dr. Franklin came in 1910 he lit- erally had no place in which to work, but Mr. Makepeace gave him space in his own office. Mr. Makepeace told of Dr. Franklin's efforts over the many years. "He came to look over the bogs, be- came interested in our problems and has stayed here ever since. He has waded in waters with boots and without boots. He has worked Sundays and holidays. He has worked night and day. He has written bulletins to guide us that are marvels of clarity.
"He is a good citizen, a good sci- entist, a historian, a good friend and the only first-class humorist
the industry has so far produced." Tribute by Urann
Mr. Urann in beginning his re- m'arks, said he believed he had the honor of having Dr. Franklin spend his first day on Cape Cod with him. He then continued:
"Nothing can be said that will add to the illustrious career of Henry J. Franklin. My hope is, in some small way, to add another voice to show that Dr. Franklin came to the cranberry industry when it had no research program to combat cranberry disease, in- sects, or weather, and he leaves it with a successful record of achievement in all these directions.
"He has built up an organiza- tion, a staff, and an ideal of serv- ice to continue the work he has so successfully developed and carried on to the everlasting advantage of
the cranberry industry and the great benefit of every cranberry grower.
"He retires enveloped in a halo of respect, love, and the gratitude of all of us. We here dedicate a memorial to him as a small ex- pression of the deep feeling we have for the man who has so gen- erously given his all to us for many long and pioneering years.
May he happily live long, near us, that we may continue to ex- press to him the deep and sincere regard we have for him and our appreciation for his work; that we may continue to drink from his fountain of knowledge, experience, and ideals of unselfish service."
Commissioner of Agriculture Broderick, in addition to bringing the greetings of the State and the Governor said: "Another Franklin
Upper photo shows new wmn (nuaiest part of buililing) to the Cranberry Station at East Wareham, which will contain "Dr. Henry J. Franklin Room". Gilbert T. Beaton, chairman of Dr. Franklin Day Committee, looks it over on the day of annual meeting.
Lower, growers gather around equipment during noon recess. In foreground is a new sand loader by Hayden Mfg. Company, while in back of that is display of C. & L. Equipment Company.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
NiM
did great things for electricity and Dr. Franklin has done great things for cranberries. I hope a cranberry variety will be named after him some day."
Franklin's Early Life
Mr. Brett sketched in some of the details of Dr. Franklin's early life. He said Dr. Franklin led his class at then Massachusetts Agri- cultural School at Amherst, was elected as a member of Phi Kappa Phi, and was editor of "Index," a school publication. He played varsity football for three years as left guard. He led his class in ora- tory.
He said he wrote his master's thesis upon the bumblebee and this is still regarded as a monumental work. He said Dr. Franklin first came to the Cape to studv insects in 1906 and 1907. In 1909" he took charge of the Station consisting of two small buildings. In 1913 a state bog was built and this has produced more than a million dol- lars in cranberries." Dr. Frank- lin in his own remarks, later said that for seven years he lived as a bachelor in a room at the sta- tion.
Dr. Sieling said Dr. Franklin through all the years has been an inspiration, and had made monu- mental contributions.
In response Dr. Franklin re- plied, in part "I shall always re- gard this day as sacred. I hope I shall be able to make such use of the room that you (growers) will never regret the gift." He said it was with humility and spiritual searching that he came that beautiful afternoon in the afternoon of his life. "I find it difficult to give adequate expres- sion to my deep feeling."
Dr. C. E. Cross
Callinn- in Dr. Cross, and clasp- ing his hand he told his successor "If you fail to do a better job than I have, I shall be disappointed."
"Dr. Franklin has been my boss since 1937 and my good friend," replied Dr. Cross. 'My first duty and one of the most pleasant of all is to do my best to see that Dr. Franklin is doing what work he pleases in the new room you growers have so thoughtly pro- vided. I will do my best, but I will relish, cherish and require some assistance from him from time to time on my new job."
Born in Boston, May 5, 1913, Cross became a resident of Wai'e- ham when his family moved there and he was graduated from Ware- ham High School in 1931. He at- tended Massachusetts State Col- lege, now University of Massachu- setts, majoring in botany, and did minor work in chemistry, geology and entomology. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1935
Ten
and with it Hill's Botanical prize for an herbarium of plants he col- lected in Massachusetts. He re- mained at Amherst for two years, accepting a laboratory assistance- ship in botany. In 1937 he was elected to Phi' Kappa Phi Honor Society and after completing a thesis on fossil pine cones received his Master of Science degree.
Attending Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Science on a George Emerson scholarship he continued his studies in paloe- botany and wrote his doctor's thesis in this field. In June of 1949 he received the Doctor of Philos- ophy degree in biology.
Weed Control Work
Dr. Cross began work at the State Bog during Summers on chenvical weed control programs. In 1941 he remained on after the Summer session and was ap- pointed permanently there, Dec. 1, 1941. He has since specialized in weeds of cranberry bogs and their controls, and has spoken at a num- ber of meetings of scientists in Boston, New \ ork and elsewhere. While at Amherst he met Miss Shirley Gale, who took a bachelor of science degree at Bates College and then entered Radcliffe, where she received both her Master of Art and Doctor of Philosophy de- grees in biology. They were mar- ried in 1939 and have since lived at Spring Hill, East Sandwich.
Ke-elect Bartholomew
At the business session Mr. Bartholomew was re-elected pres- ident. Vice presidents newly- elected were Frank P. Crandon, Acushnet, and 2nd vice-president Arthur Handy, Cataumet; re- elected secretary, Gilbert T. Bea- ton, Wareham; secretary, Mrs. Gilbert T. Beaton; directors, Mel- ville C. Beaton, Ferris Waite, John Shield, R. C. Hammond, F. J. Butler, Lewis E. Billings, Ansel Drake, Charles Savery, and ex- officio, F. E. Smith and Chester E. Vose. Reporting for the nominat- ing committee was E. C. St. Jacques.
It was reported the association had increased its membership to 244, but Russell Makepeace, chair- man of membership committee said this was not as large as it should be and asked continuance of the "every-member-get-a-mem- ber" campaign.
The treasurer reported the as- sociation was in sound financial condition with deposits of §5,266.- 44 in cash and U. S. bonds.
Frank Cutler, of the labor com- mittee, said 120 Puerto Rican workers were coming. This is less than half needed last year, but some are coming in individually.
At noon a chicken pie lunch was sei-ved by ladies of the Wareham M. E. Church.
Name Prof. Bailey To Cranberry Experiment Station
Prof. John E. Bailey, assistant research professor. University of Massachusetts, has been appointed to the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion by Dale H. Selling, dean of the University of Massachusetts college of agriculture. Prof. Bai- ley, who is a pomologist, will con- tinue the studies he has been pur- suing at Amherst.
The transfer to East Wareham is to bring Prof. Bailey nearer to centers of his research, which con- cerns chiefly bluebei'ries, beach plums and strawberries. In South- eastern Massachusetts he will be in the area where the major crops of these small fruits are produced.
"Jack" Bailey is well known to cranberry, blueberry and straw- berry growers of the Cape area. Stationed at Amherst since 1923, he has spoken at many gatherings of small fruit producers, partic- ularly blueberries, in Southeastern Massachusetts.
He is expected to bring his fam- ily to the Cape section. He will be permanently engaged in his work by March 1, and probably will have started some temporary work by November, after his present Am- herst activities have reached a point where he may leave.
Conservation practies that re- duce soil erosion also nrean less silt in streams to kill fish.
More People Don't Eat Cranberries Than Do — Says Treasurer Cape Co-op
Louis Sherman Believes It is Duty of Grower to See that More Promotion Is Done — He Believes that Every 25 Cents Expended in Advertising Brings $1.00 in Returns.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
Dominant thoughts in the nrind of Louis Sherman of Plymouth, Massachusetts, cranberry grower (more or less by accident,) and now treasurer and clerk of the the Cape Cod Cranben-y Cooperative, Inc., are that growers should be more awake to what happens to their ber- ries once they are in the hands of their distributors and realize more vividly the true importance of promotion and merchandising.
There is nothing xeceptionally original in this. But, Sherman thoroughly believes the general public should be eating more cran- berries and it is the job of the grower, himself, to see that this is done. And, his experiences in the business world have taught him that action, and not delay, is vital. With sufficient promotion, the demand could always be kept ahead of production and there would be no need to worry about selling all the cranberries we raise, at prices showdng a good return to the grower.
More People Don't Eat Cranberries 'ITian Do
"It is my opinion that there are moie people who have never eaten cranberries than those who have. With the right type of promotion to get more people to use cran- berries, we could not grow enough to keep up with the demand." As a merchant (furniture) with 30 years experience in merchandising and promotion in the furaiture, hardware, and appliance business, he states, "Instead of less money, more should be spent for cran- berry advertising, with every 25 cents spent in advertising (promo- tions in various forms) we would get back a return of a dollar or more. We have cranberry juice cocktail, frozen cranbeirry juice, Cran, cranberry relish, dietetic cranberry sauce, and jams, the sales of which have as yet not been exploited."
Louis Sherman is no longer in the furniture business in Ply- mouth, having sold out his share to his brother last Fall. He is now interested only in real estate as a minor activity and cranberries as his major. He disassociated, himself from the store when his 50 acres of bog on Pond Street in Carver had come into a proper state of erhabilitation to justify this step. He has done a lot of rebuilding. He hasn't delayed. In
the past three years he has re- sanded 40 of his 50 acres, which is a rather unusually large propor- tion.
All Pfpmotion Plans Can't Succeed
It was said he got into cran- berries more or less by accident. This is true. He swapped a Sum- mer cottage on Wenham Pond, Carver, for a piece of bog. He really intended to sell the bog as soon as possible, but he found him- self liking the business. Instead of getting out from under his first bog of six acres, he expanded.
Louis was born in Plymouth, October 21, 1906, the son of the late Abraham and Sarah Sherman. He attended scjiools there, but worked from time to time in the furniture and hardware business from the time he was 10. In 1922 his father was stricked with a long illness and, at 16, he left school to help out. When his father passed away in 1930 he took over the business. His brother, Hyman, is much younger, and Louis carried the load.
He learned — in fact was forced to learn — the hard way, by ex- perience. From salesmen who came to his store he learned mer- chandising. His professors were the salesmen, and he listened to all they said, adopting all the best ideas, trying them out, and dis- carding the rest. "Every promo-
tional idea won't click — anybody
should know that," he says. "If I really succeeded with 7 out of 10, I was satisfied. Cranberry growers must try many ideas of promotion, of campaigns of ad- vertising. If all do not succeed, what of it?" He has carried over his faith in promotion to the cran- berry business.
How He Got Into Cranberry Growing
More explicity as to how he got into cranberry growing. On a late September day, with a cold north- easterly drizzle, he was riding aimlessly through Cai-ver to "think out some problems". He decided he would stop in to see an old friend, Frank Barrows, who was then selectman and assessor of Carver. He thought Mr. Bar- rows might be able to dispose of his cottage for him. Intead Mr. Barrows made a counter proposi- tion; that he buy a cranberry bog, "relax from your business worries. Get on a bog, get some dirt under your finger nails. Get some of God's sun on your back. You'll live longer," he quotes Mr. Bar- rows as saying. A deal was put through that he swap his cot- tage for a bog, even though he admits he knew nothing about cranberry growing. He became the possessor of a six-acre piece owned by Thomas Reynolds. This was the first of his holdings along Pond Street. In 1943 he bought an adjoining bog from Newton K. Hartford, about 35 acres, a third piece in 1946 from Henry Lucas, and a fourth piece from Arthur Wade, a final total of his 50 acres, all four in the same area.
He obtains his water from the beginnings of the Weweantic River and has control of all water flowing from Wenham Pond, hold- ing this in reservoirs. All flowage is by gravity. His varieties are still divided about half Blacks and half Howes, but he eventually plans approximately two-thirds of the early variety for the fresh fruit market. The properties were more or less run down, but, he has weeded, rebuilt, and reset, making heavy use of sand, as stated. His sanding is done from converted Ford Model A "jalop-
EI*T«a
ies", which he runs out over the bog on planking.
Mr. Sherman was first a mem- ber of New England Cranberry Sales Co., and then of NCA — and still is, for his p recessing fruit. "But," he says, "I get tired of so much of my fruit being held in storage year after year. I be- lieve that no cranberries should be held in freezers over the cur- rent year."
Wanted a Mutual Before It Was Begun
He is a member of the Cran- berry Growers' Mutual, in fact, a director, and an enthusiastic one. Actually, he says he was in favor of some such growers' group, the main interest of which would be marketing, andl so atempted to form one before Mutual was or- ganized two years ago. When the idea of the Mutual came along, he was an eager convert.
As told, Sherman is treasurer and clerk of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Coperative, Inc. Not com- pletely satisfied with the sale of fresh cranberries by the existing co-ops, he helped organize this new one. He explains that one afternoon he happened to meet Orrin G. Colle, now president and general manager of the co-op, in front of Plymouth Rock. They dis- cussed the idea of a new group for several hours. The thought developed that a meeting of inter- ested growers might be called, and steps taken to assure that end.
Two days later on July 5, 1949, a meeting was held at the cottage of Bruce Arthur at Clew Pond. Shortly another meeting was called and it was decided to form this new co-op, with the primary idea of it being a fresh fruit or- ganization. A policy committee was given two days to draw up regulations, it being so late in the season, and it being considered desirable to sell that very Fall. An attorney was reained for legal aspects. "We felt that this co-op was needed and it was organized, and fast," he says. "So fast that about August fiist, Mi". Colley was out on the road ready to take orders for berries of that Fall's crop."
A Co-op Begun Without Capitol
This was a co-op, he declares, which was started with practically no capital. At first, about 20 growers were interested, then about 35. Membership fee was $10. An order for |40,000 for containers was placed, the first shipment amounting to |6,000. As the Co-op had no assets, it could not give a financial statement. However, shipment of containers was made with the promise by Mr. Sherman to the manufacturer t orepay him before any member received a cent for his berries. Each members was assessed 10 cents per barrel (a loan to the Co- operative) on what his average crop had been, and this money is used for working capital.
Membership in the Cape Cod Cranberry Cooeprative, Inc., this years is 46. About 30,000 barrels were sold th efirst year, he says, and more could have been dis- posed of. Business of the co-op in the past two years has totalled nearly three-quarters of a million, which Mr. Sherman considers "pretty good, for a co-op having no money to start with." The Cape Cod Cranberry Co-operative is a member of the Fresh Cran-
berry Institute, and Mr. Sherman says it was the first to vote the 8 cents per bbl. for use of the In- stitute when it was organized. He believes that there must always be a fresh market. "But, we growers must ship only top qaul- ity," he says, and admits that while such a statement is com- monly accepted as an ideal, it is not always lived up to by every grower. "All tender and small berries should go to processing. This is another recognized de- sirability, but it is not always car- ried out in practice."
Don't Be Impatient to Ship
Mr. Sherman urges the grower not to be impatient, that is, not to be in a hurry to get the berries off his hands and to market too quickly, early in the season. "It is best to ship in small lots, rather than in full cars, to insure good quality when the berries are de- livered to the stores. Don't let the wholesaler or retailer get loaded up so that the berries will get over-ripe or unsound before sold. Our Co-op ships mostly by truck, and we encourage drop shipments, or part of a truckload, in several markets, rather than
You can have confidence in the
Cape Cod
Cranberry Cooperative
Inc.
• Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries O Aggressive sales planning and control
• Efficient and economical operations
• Simplified accounting — prompt payments
• Cooperating with other agencies to correct present weaknesses of the cranberry industry.
MEMBERSHIP OPEN
write or phone
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
Twdv*
a full load in one market . Last year the Massachusetts industry shipped green berries which spoiled before they were sold. This should not be permitted to happen this Fall.
10 to 15 Percent Profit As concerns price, Mr. Sher- man believes a grower is entitled to a ten or fifteen percent profit, this being necessary because of the fact that cranberry growing is a hazardous occupation — whether or not the grower will get a successful crop is a gamble. Sonre years he will. Some years he will not. Therefore he is en- titled to a higher average profit. Sherman figures that a ?20 open- ing price for cranberries only nets the grower about 10 percent, after interest on his investment, real estate tax, insurance, grow- ing expense, selling expense, pack- ing, shipping, advertising, and all costs have been figured in. And that $20 figure, in today's depre- ciated money value, is, of course, only equal to about $8 per barrel of 12 years ago. However, most of this worry by the grower about what returns he will get can be forgotten, he believes, if the grower will let himself go all out in promotion; create sufficient de- man. "Demand will take care of price for us. This is just as true in our business as in any other." Balance Between Fresh and Processed Sherman recognizes the impor- tance of a proper balance between fresh and processed sales, but he seems more interested in the fresh fruit end. And in that re- spect he may be described as a "finicky" grower. He wants qaul- ity. He wants the utmost he can get in modern equipment to achieve that end. In his screen- house on Pond Street, he has lined his hoppers with rubbers, against bruising fruit. He picks with ma- chine, three Westerns, which he has found, in his own experience, do not bruise if properly operated. In his opinion, ninety percent of any bruising is the fault of the operation of the machine, and not of the machine itself. He loses fewer berries by machine than by scooping. Picking in bags, he then
spreads these out when filled to avoid bruising through pressure of weight.
Should Standardise in Cello
He packs his berries with a
portable Triangle machine and a
Doughboy sealer. Last year, the
Co-operative packed 80 percent in
cellophane. He feels that there Is nothing to worry about if the ber- ries are packed in cellophane, as fare as keeping quality is con- cerned, and that growers should standardise the pack in cellophane with a premium for the window
(Continued on Page 20)
CRANBERRIES
1^1
1. Growers of a seasonal specialty such as cran- berries should have organized marketing. THEY HAVE JUST THIS IN INDIAN TRAIL!
2. Growers should have the economies, benefits, and proven advantages of the "private enterprise" way of doing a job.
THEY HAVE JUST THIS IN INDIAN TRAIL!
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
DECAS BROTHERS
Growers Of
Cape Cod Cranberries
Phone 147
WAREHAM, MASS.
JC>g^ogcooogo^cx3■B^oc^ooooooooc^ogoog-a<sO
TbIrtMB
Higher Processed Returns to Growers Are Foreseen
S o President Marcus L. Urann Tells More than 500 at Annual Meeting of NCA.
More than 500 growers at the annual meeting of National Cran- berry Association at the Onset (Mass.) plant heard president Marcus L. Urann say that this year's canning crop may pay mem- bers earnings of $15 a barrel — plus, and that total canning sales might rise to $20,000,000. Last year's sales, he said, totalled §17,- 000,000.
Mr. Urann, who was one of the first to foresee the million barrel crop, which has been reached al- ready, for all practical purposes, also said his present forecast is for a crop of a million and a half barrels "any year now." He con- tinued, "there is sufficient acreage in good shape, so that with our modern equipment, insecticides, weed controls, given favorable weather conditions in all the areas in any one year, we could produce that many barrels. Our job is to have a market ready for such a crop when it comes."
This forecast of a million and a half barrels of cranberries as be- ing possible as a "minimum", rather than a "maxinrum", was the opinion of Charles LanA, president of the Springfield Bank for Cooperatives. Mr. Lamb said, that after having taken a trip to the West Coast cranberry areas, and seeing the new marshes in Wisconsin and having been famil- iar for many years with the bogs of Massachusetts and New Jersey, he believed the profits the industry had earned in the past are "as nothing compared as to what you have ahead of you in the future."
The meeting was opened at 10:.30, the location of the Onset plant having been chosen rather than Hanson, that growers might see what improvements had been made. First business taken up was in making changes in two by-laws and the election of officers of the corporation. By-laws changed were, an amendment to eliminate the power of the corporation to set aside reserves, other than so-called valuation reserves, the change be- ing recommended by council in view of new Internal Revenue laws; the second to change the date of the annual meeting from June to the 3rd Tuesday in Au- gust, this being due to the fact that more accurate current crop information is available later in
Fourt***
the season, and the auditors have a longer time to prepare all fig- ures. Both amendments were voted unanimously. It was also voted that this year there be 24 directors.
Directors
These, elected by ballot were: Elthia E. Atwood, Carlton Bar- rows, Frank P. Crandon. George Briggs (American Cranberry Ex- change Representative), Kenneth Garside, Harrison F. Goddard, Samuel R. Gurney; Robert S. Handy, John C. Makepeace, Russell Makepeace, Bertram Ryder, Carl B. Urann, Marcus L. Urann, all of Massachusetts; Enoch F. Bills, John E. Cutts, Isaac Harrison, Vin- ton Thompson (Exchange Rep- resentative), all of New Jersey; Albert Hedler, Fred N. Lange, Charles L. Lewis, Guy N. Potter, Lloyd Rezin (Exchanp-e Represen- tativeV all of Wisconsin: Leonard Morris, David Pryde of Washing- ton.
Officers
Directors, in turn, following the meeting elected these officers:
President, Mai-cus L. Urann; vice-president, Carl B. Urann; sec- retary-treasurer, John C. Make- peace. Appointed officers included Miss Ellen Stillman, advertising manager and publicity manager and vice-president, Marcus L. Havey, vice president, western di- vision; W. B. Jacobson, vice-presi- dent Pacific division; H. Gordon Mann, vice-president in charge of sales; Ferris C. Waite, vice-presi- dent of growers' relations; M. S. Anderson, vice-president Pacific sales and John F. Harriett, assist- ant secretary-treasurer.
Plesent at the meeting were representatives from every cran- berry area, the delegate from far- thest away being Leonard Morris of Long Beach, Washington. New NCA Movie A feature of the day was a new movie, showing the operations of the cooperative, chiefly in its ad- vertising, promotional, merchan- dising fields. The hig'h light of this was a filming of the departure of the 27-car train from the On- set plant on August first, which, with trucks leaving over the road at the same time, was the largest single shipment of cranberries ever made. Emphasis was upon the fact that this was in mid-Sum- mer, when cranberry shipments and consumption have always been at their lowest.
As at last year's meeting, there was a distinct note of cheerful- ness by all the speakers. Assist- ant treasurer John F. Harriett de- clared: "We have licked the carry- overs. We are moving ahead." But at the same tinre, it was em- phasized that mistakes of the past which brought about the troubles of the previous few years must be
avoided, and that only by the most alert kind of advertising and mer- chandising could the cranberry co-op hold its present high posi- tion in the marketing world.
Ocean Spray in 89% of All Retail Stores
Mr. Urann in his opening, said Ocean Spray products are sold in
89 percent of the retail grocery stores of the entire nation today. NCA, he asserted, is exceeded in this respect only by Campbell's soups, which has a percentage of
90 and sell a good many more items than does NCA. He ran over the "Blessings" of the Cran- berry growers, citing as a major fact that in NCA there are now 1824 growers, all working to- gether.
"NCA Financially Sound" "Last year," he continued "was our year of rehabilitation. We have been through some bad years. We must see that they do not re- occur. We growers have our feet upon solid ground again."
He said the co-operation is fi- nancially sound. "We have plenty of financial resources when w(e want to use them." Mr. Harriett, in his talk, said the co-op borrowed less last year than the year be- fore and this year would borrow $5,000,000, but probably would use less during the marketing season, and in four years would be en- tirely out of debt.
Mr. Urann then went on to list the resources of the co-op with its nine departments, the heads of which meet weekly, or oftener, to make necessary decisions; 93 brokers all over the country, and these had more than 200 men working under them.
He pointed out that Ocean Spray has more than 5,000 cus- tomers, including pracltically all of the big chains and supermar- kets, and the price is now |2 a case, raised from $1.70, last De- cember, while producers of many other fruits were finding no mar- kets, even at reduced prices. He said the brand "Ocean Spray" alone, could probably be sold for enough to get back total invest- ments of the co-op.
Statistics show, he said, that in 25 years the nation will have a population of 197,000,000 and that "every youngster born should be able to have cranberry sauce, and to be eaters of ci-anbeiTies the rest of their lives." Essentials of Good Advertising Program following was to dem- onstrate to members how advertis- ing campaigns were developed and carried out.
Miss Ellen Stillman, vice-presi- dent in charge of advertising was the first speaker. She spoke rather briefly upon the essential of good advertising and promotion, as in general and as it concerned Ocean (Continued on Page 16)
Top: Miss Ellen Stillman, in charge of advertising and promotion and executive vice president of NCA, tells members at the August meeting of plans for the coining season, standing before a huge map of the U. S. on which a figure in nearly every state represents brokers, with canning plants also shown. Below, a part of the delegation from New Jersey — from right to left, Rogers Brick, Walter Z. Fort, Ed V. Lipman, Bill Haines, John Lee and Vinton N. Thompson. Across, left, is E. Clyde McGrew of ACE.
(CRANBERRIES Photos).
Fiftera
HIGHER RETURNS
(Continued from page 14) Spray.
Very shortly, she said, statistics will prove that one of every three married women after marriage work. This means they will want foods, prepared to serve with a minimum of effort. She said that women are getting married earlier than they formerly did, that of last year's brides, half were less than 20 years old. These have been brought up to expect "push button" methods in preparing a family meal. She paid tribute to the foresight of Mr. Urann in as long ago as 1912, in associating the slogan "Ready to Serve" with Ocean Spray.
The last ten years have brought about a purchasing trend toward "convenience foods," she added, against which it has proven im- possible to prevail. Canned cran- berry sauce is such a "convenience food," and in that respect cran- berry growers are very fortunate.
Following Miss Stillman was Lawrence E. Procesh, production manager. He said the duties of production were to serve as a sort of "middle man" between the ideas of advertising and actual selling, to keep sales department, includ- ing brokers, constantly on their toes.
H. Gordan Mann, vice-president in charge of sales, said he ex- pected a million and a half cases of Ocean Spray would have been sold by the end of August, the lar- gest ever in any year.
He introduced "Tom" Hodgkins in charge of sales in New England and the Eastern states; William D. Drury, Mid- West district; David Wieties, in charge of southern dis- trict and M. S. "Andy" Anderson Pacific Coast.
Luncheon of lobster salad and strawberry shortcake ended the meeting, except for an announce- ment by Mr. Urann of the di- rectors elected for the coming year.
FREEZING TO BE THEME
(Continued from Page 2) cranberries or freezing cranberry dishes fits naturally into their own activities.
In addition to the special empha- sis on freezing, the routine activ- ities are becoming greatly accel- erated as the fresh cranberry sea- son begins.
Fruitful Publicity Year
If early indications prove out, the 1952 cranberry season should be as colorful in print as in the bog. As was the case a year ago, a num- ber of leading national food adver-
tisers are again featuring cran- berries in connection with their own brand products. It is another confirmation to us that cranberries are good salesmen not only for themselves, but for other foods as well, because several of these ad- vertisers have featured cranberries in the past.
Among the companies which are planning to use cranberries in their fall promotion are California Wal- nut Growers, Rath Packing Com- pany, General Foods, Kellogg Com- pany, McCormick Spices, Armour and Company) Reynold's Aluminum Foil, and many others.
Fresh cranberries will also add appetizing color to Sunday supple- ments during the fall. Among those which have scheduled four- color photos are American Weekly, Newark News, Atlanta Journal, Philadelphia Inquirer, Houston
Chronicle, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Milwaukee Journal, etc.
With the groundwork which was laid last year, we are now confident that this year will prove the most fruitful of all in regard to cran- berry production.
While cranberry freezing will be a central theme, and while a great deal of added effort will be put into this campaign on freezing, we must still depend in great measure on our routine work on recioe testing and development — plus the all im- portant follow-through — for the bulk of our promotion results.
Publicity is simply another aid to those who actually sell the cran- berries you grow. It is an import- ant tool in their hands and we re- gard our own efforts at all times as another facet of the general sales campaign.
FOR PRE -FABRICATED FLUMES R. A.TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant
Tel. Carver 64-11
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Sixtaaa
MitMals
Vol. 17 - No. 5 ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER 1952
Vy T^'^''^''"«^*6«S'^
DR. FRANKLIN'S "DAY" WILL NEVER END FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS
J\R. Henry J. Franklin, whom the industry
honored August 19th with "Dr. Frank- lin Day", sponsored by the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers Association, seems to be a man born with a mission and fulfilled that mission. Cranberry growing needed such a man as "Ben" Franklin, and he needed such a work as he has been engaged in for the past 43 years.
As the "Number One" cranberry expert, he has held a unique place. He has laid a foundation for scientific research, and the structure will remain after his retirement.
His first concern was the study of in- sects, and in September 1909 when he ar- rived at East Wareham, Massachusetts, growers needed help in learning how to control insects. They needed research and help along other lines, too. As time passed, Dr. Franklin developed these. For in- stance, the unique frost warning service. Although an entomologist, in 1918 he be- gan to develop such a service. No one will dispute its value, and frost forecasting has spread to other cranberry states than Massachusetts.
The publications of Dr. Franklin, from "Cranberry Insects in Massachusetts" in 1928 to the more recent bulletins, such as "Cranberry Weather" (to which others contributed) , are lasting tributes to his pro- found ability in research. These included his recent revision of "Cranberry Insects in Massachusetts", with the color plates, which are the text books of cranberry cul- ture. In time research will uncover addi- tional knowledge, but he laid the ground- work. His quality forecast was another boon to the industry, his entire build-up of the station.
The cranberry industry was singularly blessed in finding such a man as Dr. Frank- lin. It might have been that he chose an- other line of endeavor. But 43 years ago he recognized the need of the growers, saw the opportunities, and has made cran- berries his major life work. Year in and year out, he has lived "cranberries". Few can become so engrossed in a subject as Dr. Franklin. He has utmost patience, tenacity and great ability. He has been the friend and "father adviser" of all within the cran- berry industry, loved by all.
While retiring as Director of the Sta- tion, it is pleasant to know that he will go
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year
Advertising: rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
on with further cranberry studies, and studies of his own of other nature. The industry did well to provide the "Dr. Frank- lin Room" at the station for him to work in, still in the very heart of the cranberry world.
VTE recommend reading the "freezer cam- ^' paign" article in this issue. This plan is one more definite idea which should pro- mote cranberry sales.
T'O Dr. C. E. Cross go our congratulations upon his appointment as successor to Dr. Franklin. He is able, and we know will do his utmost to carry on the work the one and only Dr. Franklin began.
Seventeen
Growers attending summer meeting of Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Association gather around equipment display in the drying yard at the Huffman Marsh, Aug. 6. In Wisconsin, as in all other areas, growers show intense interest in what is placed on view in the cranberry equipment line.
(Photo Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune).
GROWERS OF WISCONSIN HOLD ANNUAL MEETING
Annual meeting of Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation at the Huffman Marsh, Biron, Wisconsin, August 6th, was attend- ed by about 150. With an exhibi- tion of equipment in the morning, a speaking program, business meeting, box lunch at noon and discussion of technical problems, a major address by Dr. C. E. Cross, Massachusetts weed specialist, the meeting was called one of the most successful.
Adding to the day was the fact it turned out to be warm and sun- ny. Pre.siding at the meeting was President William F. Huffman, Jr., president. C. D. Hammond, Jr., secretary, gave a preliminary crop estimate for Wisconsin of 200,000 to 225,000 barrels, whereas last year's production of that state was 196,000. It was also announced this season's total yield may be about 700,000 bbls., due chiefly to the heat and diought in Massachu- setts in July.
Speakers, beside Dr. Cross, in- cluded Dr. A. R. Albert, extension soils professor of the University of Wisconsin, who described a ferti- lizer experiment the college is con- ducting on the Huffman marsh. Results will not be known for sev-
eral years. Dr. George Peltier, who is employed by the Indian Trail group of growers, was also a speaker.
Others were E. L. Chambers of Madison, State Entomologist, E. H. Fisher, University of Wisconsin, entomologist.
Weather was discussed by L. A. Joos, a forecaster for the U. S. Weather Bureau, and Meteorologist Arthur Wolford, assigned by the Weather Bureau to Wisconsin for the frost season.
B. T. Zeigler, Wisconsin Rapids Chamber of Commerce, gave de- tails of the annual "Cranboree" which this year will take place Sep- tember 26-27.
Machinery displayed included equipment by Central Electric Ser- vice Company; Wiesman Implement Company;; Speedee Packaging Company; Harmsen Mfg. Company; Western Picker; Case Picker; West Bend Aluminum Company; Jet Crop Dryer; Fletcher Crop Im- provement Service; and Kittle Aerial Sprayers and Dusters.
Fresh Front the Fields
(Cont'nii<?d from Page 5)
was very light this season. There will be an increased number of mechanical pickers on the m'arshes this year, probably about 85 in all. Fruitworm Damage Heavy There was very little damage from fireworm, but quite a bit from fruitworm, which proved the
worst enemy pest this year. It is estimated that damage by this insect will total between 10-15,000 barrels.
Marshes Getting Better Care Growers this year are, and have been giving their bogs much more cai'e than in the past few years. Amount of insecticides used prob- ably hit an all-time high. One reason was a build-up of fire- worms and fruit worrrts caused by the curtailment of this work the past two or three years due to lack of funds during that tim'e. More attention is being paid to drainage, weed control, fertiliza- tion, insect control and frost con- trol. In other words this year bog management has been much im- proved and is back to normal.
Studies of American agriculture indicate that under ideal condi- tions farm production could be pushed up about 60 percent. This assumes top-level management to every farmer on each acre.
Read Cranberries Advertising
EifhlMD
National Cranberry Harvest Festival September 27th
National cranberry harvest fes- tival ushers in National Cranberry week this year September 27, with obsei'vations at Edaville, South Car- ver and Plymouth. The climax at Edaville will be the chicken and cranberry barbecue and the selec- tion of the National Cranberry Queen from contestants from all ci'anberry areas.
For visitors there will be con- tests of all kinds, with attractive prizes. Contests include those for the best cranberry dish, an ama- teur photo contest for best pictures taken at the carnival, a contest for the biggest cranberry of the 1952 crop, and a cranberry eating con- test for children.
Start of the festival will be a morning parade at Plymouth, with several bands, cranberry floats, and children in cranberry costumes to follow the 3-mile route from North Plymouth to South Carver. The parades will be led by the cranberry queens of Massachusetts, New Jer- sey and Wisconsin.
THANKS TO DR. FRANKLIN
EXPRESSED AT NEW JERSEY
MEETING
Summer meeting of American Cranberry Growers' association was held at Prospertown, N. J., Thurs- day, August 28th, with a good at- tendance. This was at Stanley Switlik's L a y a w a y plantation. Archer Coddington of Toms River presided.
Dormant sprays for controlling scale were discussed by Martin T. Hutchinson of the Cranberry-Blue- berry Laboratory of Pemberton. Colored slides, depicting cranberry insects and their natural enemies, were shown by Walter Z. Fort, manager of Growers' Cranberry Company.
Research with a "Steri-Cooler", which cools fruit by means of a cold spray, was reported upon by Ernest G. Christ of the Depai-tment of Horticulture, Rutgers Univer- sity.
Charles A. Doehlert of the Cran- bcfiy I^aboratory and Isaiah HaTies i,( WliitesliciK fxiirfssi'd Ni'vv Jer-
CAR OF REDWOOD FLUME LUMBER
JUST UNLOADED
PRICED TO SELL
4x4 — 4x6 — 6x6 2x6 and 2x8 Matched
E. W. GOODHUE LUMBER CO.
Foot Cambridge St.
Middleboro, Mass.
Phone 1123
Middleboro Road
East Freetown, Mass.
Phone No. Roch. 75
YOU SHOULD RECEIVE CRANBERRIES EACH MONTH TO HELP IN YOUR CRANBERRY CROWING
SPECIAL OFFER
Non-Subscribors Only
14 months for the price of 12
$3.00
To CRANBERRIES Magazine,
Wareham, Massachusetts
I accept your special offer of a 14 months subscription to CRANBERRIES for only ?3.00.
Enter subscription for;
Name
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Enclosed is
Nineteen
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It's self-propelled . . . you just guide it. Cuts tough weeds, lawns, even saplings! Save hours of toil with a Jari. See it now I
Hanson Lawn Mower Shop
151 Elm Street Hanson, Mass.
Dahill Co.
1886 Purchase Street New Bedford, Mass.
Marine Appliance Co.
South Water Street Nantucket, Mass.
Lawn & Garden Equipment Co.
65 Stafford Road Fall River, Mass.
H. M. Christensen Co.
1382 Main Street Brockton, Mass.
Wenham Garage
R. F. D. Plymouth, Mass.
Crowell's Lawn Mower Service
75 lyanough Road Hyannis, Mass.
^^lapjji
CO.
NCA Recieves Vote of Thanks From Poultrymen
A commendation from the Pa- cific Dairy and Poultry Association, a non-profit industry-sponsored as- sociation representing the process- ing and distribution of the dairy and poultry industry of the western United States, has been received by Miss Ellen Stillman, vice president in charge of advertising of NCA. The commendation was drawn up by the directors of the association at a recent meeting.
The communication received by Miss Stillman als ostated the as- sociation is pleased to extend its offer of assistance and cooperation in carrying on chicken and cran- berry promotions in the future.
The association commendation follows:
"It is moved that the Pacific Dairy and Poultry Association compliment the Cranberry As- sociation for its exemplary pro- motion work in behalf of the turkey and poultry industry and call to the attention of all con-
sey's appreciation to Dr. H. J. Franklin for his assistance during the many years he was at the East Wareham, Massachusetts experi- ment station.
cerned the fact that the Cran- berry Association innovated, pro- moted, and carried to a satisfac- tory conclusion the "Dad's Day is Chicken Day" motif in a man- ner that benefited the poultry industry greatly and established precedent to carry this event on in years to come. For this ser- vice, our Association extends a vote of thanks and congratula- tions to the Cranberry Associ- ation."
MORE PEOPLE DON'T
(Continued from Page 13)
boxes. He is certain in his own mind that there is need of a new type of separator, just what he doesn't know; as there is too much bruising in the bounce principle.
In his real estate business, Mr. Sherman is remodelling big, old houses in Plymouth into apart- ments. He is interested in mak- ing apartments out of these Colo- nials without spoiling their Colo- nial appearance.
He is a charter member of Ply- mouth Rotary, a member of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ-
Humus in the soil results from natural gums which are produced when vegetable material decays. Humus enables sandy soil to hold more water and aids in loosening heavy soils.
IISI WASHINGTON BTBEEX WBST KBWXON «. «*«».
Tw«nty
IRRIGATION . . . .
* FLEX-0-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS
* GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS
+ SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS
•
Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes.
VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV.
Forestdale, Cape Coi, Mass.
Tel. Osterville 719
ation, South Shore Cranberry Club, the Mutual, Plymouth Tax- payers' Association and the Ply- irrouth Chamber of Commerce. He is married to the former Miss Ruth Putnam of Boston, and they have one son, Allan, 14, who wants to become a "good" cranberry grower.
^v .=>.5!s:^^ s^^v^^
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST | |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT | |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
|
370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
|
60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
|
230 N. Michigan |
3-3060 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
|
156 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
|
PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
|
|
Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
|
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison 1 |
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South Gate, Calif. |
9-2179 |
|
PORTLAND, ORE. |
Topaz |
|
S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
S^t
SEPTEMBER
Is Harvest Month
What part did ELECTRICITY play in its production?
ELECTRICITY is an efficient aid to you — in your bog work, in your home.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 200
TEL. 1300
Eatmor Cranberries
The Cranberry Cooperative equipped with the most modern facilities for screening, packaging, and distributing the crops of it's members.
The New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
MHfK^
atmor
1* A spectacular Limerick contest, offering a Cadil- lac convertible and other glamorous prizes that will excite consumers to purchase EATMOR cranberries.
2* A national display contest, offering two Chevro- let cars, Winchester rifles and shotguns, that will ex- cite retailers and distributors to purchase and display EATMOR cranberries.
3* A dynamic, all inclusive sales promotion that will excite the people that buy and people that sell and mean added sales and profits for the growers of EAT- MOR cranberries.
EATMOR CRANBERRIES
THE ONLY NATIONALLY ADVERTISED NAME IN FRESH CRANBERRIES 5 South 6th Street New Bedford, Mass.
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
Morris April Bros.
Bridgeton - Tuckahoe
New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
Hall & Cole
Established 1848 Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
Cape & Vineyard Elecfric Company
Offices :
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vineyard Haven
Wareham Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
AUTO
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH SALES and SERVICE
Gdodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessorie.-
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
EQUIPMENT
HAYDEN
— SEPARATOR — Wareham — Mass.
Pumps Engines
Wheelbarrows
SAND LOADERS
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Western Pickers wishes to publicize the fact that on August 19, 1952, they were granted United States Pat- ent No. 2607180.
This, in brief, prevents anyone else making, using or vending a cranberry pick- er which uses the principle of sloping tines with a hold down roller beneath said tines and movable picking elements above said tines with a cutting element lo- cated anywhere between the hold down member and the picking element.
To the best of our know- ledge there is not a legal competitive cranberry pick- ing machine of this type in the United States and possi- ble purchasers of such in- fringing machines are warned that legal action will be taken against them should they purchase such a n infringing cranberry picker.
Please investigate this pos- sibility before you buy, as contrary to popular belief, no one can make a patented article, even for his own use.
Signed,
WESTERN PICKERS
An Oregon Corporation
(ADT)
How Many Pounds Water to Raise Pound of Berries?
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following was prepared by Joseph H. Palmer, New Jer- sey grower, who has long been interested in water problems of the industry. It appeared in the Proceedings of the Amer- ican Cranberry Growers' Association, and is a part of the present discussion con- cerning: the threatened water supply of the growers of that state by industry.)
By Joseph H. Palmefr
How many pounds of water are required to produce a pound of cranberries over and above what is necessary for other crops? To arrive at a fair figure do not con- sider rainfall or irrigation during the growing season. Take an acre of cranberry bog with its Winter flood and consider 18 inches the necessary depth. Add to this 6 inches for frost flows and you ar- rive at 2 foot acres of water. This amount will vary from property to property and anyone could easily adjust it to their own con- ditions. Two foot acres contain 651,700 gallons or 5,428,660 pounds of water. Now take a yield of 20 barrels to the acre and you come up with the figure of 2,714 pounds of water to produce a pound of cranberries. Bear in mind this is in excess of what is required for the general run of farm and or- chard crops.
To get an idea of the large am'ount of water cranberry grow- ers use in New Jersey as a whole, .just compare their needs with Wanaque Reservoir, the largest in State. Wanaoue has a daily yield of 85,000,000 gallons. New Jersey is reported to have 11,000 acres of cranberry bogs in round figures. If the above figures of 651,700 gallons per acre are average, the total 7,168,700,000 gallons is the total peculiar to the State cran- berry crop. If this 7,168,700,000 gallons is divided by the daily yield of Wanaque, it will equal 84 days' supply from this reservoir which is used as both potable and industrial water, water of high value.
If Wanaque were to be repro- duced at 1950 costs, it is estimated that it would cost $57,000,000. r'onsidi'ring ils daily yii'lil iil' 85,-
000,000 gallons, the investment in this reservoir is 8675,000 for each million gallons produced per daj. Each grower can figure his own water investment in order to make his comparison.
In analyzing these figures many interesting things are evident. The most important to me is that the water in cranberry use must be prevented from increasing in cost to the grower. If our water- sheds are handled properly, this should not occur.
Four good tomato plants per person should provide all the to- matoes needed for eating and a few extra for canning. Double the number of plants if extensive canning or juicing is planned.
FOR SALE
One 3" Gould single suction Centrifugal Pump with 5 h. p. single phase motor. Also 2 Pres- ton Morse Cranberry Separ- ators. Also Pumphouse and Shanty.
Mrs. J. A. Baker
48 Puritan Road Buzzards Bay
Tel. 3735
Middleborough Trusf Company
MIDDLEBORO MASS.
Member of
The Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
Tws
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialisf
The cranberry harvest began quite generally September 8th. Weather conditions have been fav- orable for the picking season. Early reports indicate that our crop is substantially below the August estimate. Apparently, the July drought took a heavier toll of our crop than we first expected. Only three frost warnings were released up to October 1st. We did experi- ence temperatures as low as 22° on the night of September 8th, and some damage was observed in the colder locations where the berries were very light in color. Joe Kel- ley and the writer have been study- ing the fall frost problem and are collecting some very interesting data on the subject.
Growers will be interested to know that the Directors of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation have asked Dr. Franklin to be a frost consultant this fall when- ever it meets with his convenience. He will advise with George Rouns- ville, Technical Assistant at the Cranberry Experiment Station, who is now responsible for the preparation and release of frost vi'arnings. Dr. Franklin has care- fully trained Mr. Rounsville for this responsible task and has the utmost confidence in his ability to handle the assignment. Incident- ally, Dr. Franklin's new room is nearly completed. Growers will soon have an opportunity to visit him in his spacious quarters.
We have a few reminders on late fall management: Fairy rings should be treated after harvest. We are referring to those unsight- ly circular areas of dead or dying vines that are so conspicuous on bogs at this time of year. Dr. Bergman's recommendations for the control of this fungus disease are carefully outlined on the Insect and Disease Control Chart. Fall
fertilization is practiced by many growers. Special attention is in oi'der for those areas on bogs in- jured by drought. Application of fertilizers at this time of year will stimulate vines without encourag- ing annual growth of weeds. Dr. Chandler suggests a high-phos- phorus fertilizer, such as 1-2-1 ratio. Amounts might vary be- tween 200-500 lbs. per acre, de- pending on the condition of the bog. Dr. Chandler is available to discuss fertilizer requirements with growers. If a bog cannot be flood- ed for the winter, pruning, raking and sanding should be postponed until next spring, according to Joe Kelley. Apparently, the mechan- ical injury to the vines from these operations makes them more sub- ject to winter killing.
Wherever water is available, the importance of the fall clean-up flood should not be overlooked. It not only gives the vines a good drink of water after the rough picking operation, but rids the bog of much of the harmful trash that accumulates each year, and inci- dentally may* float many weed seeds ashore. Dr. Cross believes there may be another possible benefit from this particular flood. His weather studies indicate that the October rainfall is important in determining the size of the next year's crop. In other words, the heavier the rainfall in October, the better the prospects for a good crop the following year. An early fall clean-up flood would insure sufl'ic- ient moisture during the critical period in the development of the prospective crop.
We have some timely suggestions on fall weed control, as outlined by Dr. Cross: "Growers should be warned that sanding of areas where poison ivy, small bramble, and cut grass is growing stimulates the
growth of these weeds to such an extent that they become serious problems. In the case of poison ivy, the area should be left un- sanded, or the sand should be spread over PDB as recommended in the Weed Control Chart. The PDB treatment is more effective if the woody, upright branches of the ivy are pulled oflr beforehand. With the small bramble, experi- ments show a kill of 90 '/ or more when Stoddard Solvent is sprayed at 7% gallons per square rod. This treatment cannot be recommended yet for general use, since we have only experimental results as yet, but it is worth considering as a treatment of small areas or edges of sections that are to be sanded. Generally speaking, it is better to defer the sanding of low spots where cut grass is gi-owing until drainage problems have been solved Spot treatment of grass clumps, and tussocks of sedges and rushes with kerosene or Stoddard is al- ways helpful.
"The summer drought, in addi- tion to reducing the crop, has killed many vines, particularly in areas of thin vine cover. These thinly-vined areas are very vulner- able to invasion by corn grass, barnyard grass, pitchforks, and fireweeds next year. If the above weeds are cleared off' the bog and ditches this fall, there will be less seed available for invasion of thin spots."
Woodlots on the farm provide nesting places, protection and feed for game and song birds. They also become a haven for wildlife.
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
ThrM
Plastic Tubing Provides Drainage
A plastic tube with perforations has been successfully used for drainage. This tube is iJulled into tlie soil with a mole plow which disturbs the surface of the soil only slightly. The cost of the plastic tubing is less than the cost of drainage tile and the cost of in- stallation is less than that of in- stalling drainage tile. This plas- tic tubing- appears to be of great promise in the cranberry industry. For lateral drainage, two-inch di- ameter is probably sufficient.
Berry Selections Being Studied
This year many visitors from other sections have been interested in the cranberry selections growing in Massachusetts. Mr. John Cutts, one of the co-operators in New Jer- sey, and William Haines, 1951 president of the American Cran- berry Growers Association, Mr. E. L. Eaton and Mr. Burgess, a cran- berry grower, both from Kentville, Nova Scotia, observed the selec- tions. Mr. Eaton is on the staff of the Dominion Department of Agriculture and has charge of cranberry work in the eastern
provinces of Canada. Mr. H. F. Bain of Wisconsin Rapids, who made many of the crosses and ob- tained the data which was used to make the first selections, was in East Wareham in mid-September. Mr. Bain made comparisons of the vine and fruit characters with the corresponding plants growing in Wisconsin.
It is hoped that the selections (about 150) may be selected fur- ther so that only about 20 will be studied from now on. There are 93 of the selections which are be- ing studied in all sections of the country and it is antic-ipated that these may be reduced to about ten. There are about 20 of the selections which at present are only grown in part of the testing areas and it is hoped that these can be reduced in number. Some selections are still in the seedling bog and these will be reduced to a smaller num- ber and tested on a number of bogs.
The breeding program was start- ed in 1929 by Mr. Bain in Wiscon- sin and in 1930 by Dr. Bergman in Massachusetts. Up to the present time three of the selections have been named — the Beckwith, the Stevens and the Wilcox.
Your screenhouses with their seperators, belts, and packaging machinery are in shape to run this season's crop through to market — but is your insurance geared to a modern and efficient plan ?
We have fire insurance that has been expressly de- veloped for cranberry crops in storage, its small cost will astound you as it has your neighbors.
r.et us tell you about it at your convenience.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Economy and Convenience
Whether or not the family food bill can be reduced by use of a home freezer depends on the way food is obtained for storage, according to a report by the Production and Marketing Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the University of Arizona, which coop- erated in a study of home freezers in two Arizona cities.
Home freezer owners in Tucson, Ariz., who cooperated in the study, purchasing frozen meats and com- mercially frozen fruits and vege- tables in quantity, actually made little or no saving in their food bills on the average, when compared with families not having a home freezer. However, home freezer owners reduced by about 12 per cent the time required for shopping and for preparing food for cooking. The advantage of the freezers to them was found to be convenience rather than economy.
"It is more economical to freeze and store home-grown fruits, vege- tables, or meats and home-prepared dishes than it is to purchase the same foods in small quantities at regular retail outlets", the report says. "Likewise the purchasing and freezing of quantifies of fresh foods when in season or when prices are temporarily depressed will perhaps afford some economy over normal retail purchasing. Neither of these situations, how- ever, offers a great deal of attrac- tion to the home-maker from the standpoint of convenience because of the time and work required in processing and packaging".
On the basis of this study it was concluded that if the fullest bene- fits of economy and convenience are to be derived from a home freezer, foods should be stored in quantity and in wide variety. It is usually more economical to purchase com- mercially frozen fruits and vege- tables in quantity from firms that offer complete varieties and assort- ments at quantity discounts than it is to make frequent purchases of identical frozen products at retail. When home freezer owners pur- chased meats in quantity, such as a side or quarter, the more desii'-
(Continued on Page 19)
Four
ISSUE OF OCTOBER 1952 -VOL. 17. NO 6
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., WaTeham. Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-ofTice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C. J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
The weather for the month of. September was quite normal. There were only two frost warn- ings sent out. On September 9th a minimum of 37.5 degrees was recorded in the shelter at the State bog, and the bog minimum on the same night was 28.5 de- grees. Temperatures in the lower twenties were reported to have oc- curred on some bogs.
The U. S. Department of Agri- for October is 95,700 barrels lower than the August estimate. This difference is probably greater than has been observed for many years. The October estimate in relation to the August estimate by states is: Massachusetts down 70,000; Wisconsin down 30,000; New Jer- sey up 5,000; Washington up 300; and Oregon down 1,000. There have been two occasions before when the Massachusetts crop was estimated 65,000 to 70,000 barrels higher in August than in October. In 1938 the cron estimate dropped 70,000 bbls., and in 1949 it dropped 65,000 bbls. A study of the weath- er conditions during the growing • period does not show any common relationship between these three years.
The dry, hot weather in July damaged the crop more than the growers anticipated earlier. Not only do the berries average smaller in size than usual, but many bogs set a light crop. Looks were de- ceiving on some bogs, with the set good on top of the vines, but very few berries underneath. Fruit worm damage is worse than usual. The keeping prcspects and quality are reported about average. By October 1 most growers had fin- ished harvesting Early Blacks and
some had started harvesting Howes. October 1 reports indicated 54 per- cent of the crop would be Early Blacks, 41 per cent Howes, and 5 per cent other varieties.
The entire Early Black crop will be shipped earlier than in previous years. The present price is $5.50 a case or $22 per barrel and the growers are looking with interest to the opening price of Howes.
WISCONSIN
The month was very dry, with precipitation ranging from .25 to .90 inches total, mostly at mid- month.
There were 12 nights with frost reported. Moderate to heavy frost was reported on Sept. 16j 20, 21, 23, 24, 26 (NW). Numerous other nights produced temperatures in the middle thirties. Warm periods above 40 degrees were 5-6, 8-14, 18.
No damage has been reported due to frost.
October began rather cold and on the 3rd bog temperatures of 11 to 18 degrees were reported with- out damage.
A. F. Wolford Charles Doehlert Assoc. Research Specialist
NEW JERSEY
Progress of Harvest as of October 1
Most growers are somewhat be- hind because of shortage of scoop- ers and long dewy mornings. Lack of rain and frost did not give the opportunities to scoop that might be expected.
No frost damage has been known to occur in September. There was very slight damage on the night of Aug. 23, when minimum bog tem- peratures ranged from 31° to 28.5°.
Some damage from June drought
is showing up in the form of small berries on Early Black bogs. This is occurring on both early and late drawn bogs.
A good many growers feel that New Jersey will reach the August estimate of 90,000 barrels.
The annual summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held at the home and bogs of Stanley Switlik at Prospertown. Attendance was about 80 persons. Talks on Dr. Frank- lin's contributions to the cranberry industry, the control of cranberry scale, the possibility of using the Steri-cooler for better storage of cranberries, and a showing of Wal- ter Fort's colored slides on cran- berry pests and their parasites were highlights in the speaking program. After this there was a tour of Mr. Switlik's home bogs, which are bearing a beautiful crop.
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing September was very close to normal. The average temperature was 67.4°, 0.8° cooler than normal, and the rainfall was 4.51, which is .34 inches above normal. Records kept by William S. Haines at Chatsworth show that the temper- ature was approximately the samie as Pemberton, but only 3.11 inches of rain fell there.
Pemberton weather for August was normal as to temperature, but was exceedingly wet. The average temperature was 74.4° and the rainfall was 8 inches, which is 3.24 inches above normal.
A few weeks ago the Army's technical services asked permission to destroy a mountain of files dat- ing back "to 1940. The request was granted, but with the condition "that copies be made of everything to be destroyed".
Is Our Production Increase in Line With Nation's Growth
Production Increase
Sometimes it is of value to look back. We learn from the past as well as the present. It will only be 15 years now until we will have a century of crop statistics.
Earliest satisfactory record of production appears to be that of 1867— just after the Civil War- when the United States produced 62,500 barrels of cranberries. (Mass. Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 332, published in 1936, is the authority for that fig- ure).
Of that production New England, which included New York State, grew only 12,000; New Jersey 35,- 000, and "The West", principally Wisconsin, had 15,500.
The 100,000, or above mark was first reached in 1877. Then the pattern of production was quite different. New England had 54,743; New Jersey was in second place with 50,700; "The West", 26,500; and New York State, 1,666. Total of the country was 133,609.
The 200,000, and more, crop was reached in 1885. New England had 93,626; New Jersey 66,042; but "The West" had 88,144; New York none recorded specifically; making a total of 247,812 barrels.
In 1893 production went to more than 300,000 barrels. New Eng- land produced 191,667; New Jersey had 108,333; "The West" 33,333, for a total of 333,333.
By 1901 Massachusetts was pro- ducing 264,000; New Jersey 105,- 000; Wisconsin 40,000, the total be- ing 409,000.
Half Million Mark
Cranberry growers achieved the half-million stage in 1909. Massa- chusetts was up to 402,000; New .lersey to 165,000;; Wisconsin 30,- 000, making a total of 597,000.
The year 1914 saw Massachu- setts growing to 471,000; New Jer- sey, 210,000; Wisconsin, 32,000, for a total of 713,000 barrels. The 700,000 figure was not reached again until 1926, when the crop was 751,600. Then Massachusetts had 4.38,000; New Jersey, 210,000; Wis- consin 80,000, and the Pacific Coast
23,600 — Oregon and Washington had come into the statistical picture two years before.
The 800,000, and better, produc- tion came true in the well-remem- bered year of 1937. Total crop then was 877,300. Massachusetts had 665,000 barrels; New Jersey, 175,000; Wisconsin, 115,000; and Washington and Oregon, 22,300.
The year 1948 brought the pro- duction of more than 900,000, the 967,700 crop, divided as follows: Massachusetts, 605,000; New Jersey dropping to 69,000; Wisconsin go- ing up to 238,000;; and the West Coast bringing in 55,700.
Then came the record yield of all, 1950, of 984,300 barrels, and last year's third largest of 932,500.
We have this year's production, except for final historical record, pretty accurately known now.
This brief run-over of production of cranberries in nearly a century may raise different questions in the minds of different people.
We have only increased our pro- duction about threefold since 1893. Is that enough ? We have not yet doubled our production over 1909. Are we keeping pace in cranberry growing with the new rapid growth of the nation ?
The foregoing may be suggestion for thought.
REMEMBER?
The earliest fall frosts to cause severe and general cranberry loss on the Cape occurred the nights of September 10-11 and 11-12, 1917. Bog temperatures ranged down to 22 at cranberry obsei'ving stations and to 18 in other places. Because of a backward spring and early summer, cranberries were very late in ripening and were still green or only partly colored when these frosts came. The estimated cran- berry loss was 60 per cent in Mas- sachusetts and 25 per cent in New Jersey.
DID YOU KNOW?
Severe and widespread winter- killing occurred on the Wisconsin bogs in the winter of 1874-75, de- stroying about three-fourths of the prospective crop on the exposed areas.
U. S. D. A. 1952 YEAR BOOK ON INSECTS
The U. S. Department of Agri- culture has announced publication of the 1952 Yearbook of Agricul- ture, a 952-page volume entitled "Insects".
The new Yearbook is designed to be a practical aid to farmers and city people in identifying in- sects, making better use of the helpful ones, and controlling the pests that cause an estimated 4 bil- lion dollars of damage each year.
An outstanding feature of the new Yearbook is a section of 72 color plates of the important in- sects of the United States. The drawings depict the life stages of the insects and the damage they do. Opposite the drawings are de- scriptions and control recommen- dations. In addition, 8 black-and- white photographs and more than 200 line drawings will help readers identify insects.
Secretary of Agriculture Charles F. Brannan in a foreword points out: "In helping us combat our in- sect enemies it (the Yearbook) helps us produce more food, feed, fiber, and wood. ..." But he adds that the book is also a disturbing one, since he says, "Although the science of entomology has made great progress in the past two decades, the problems caused by in- sects seem to be bigger than ever. We have more insect pests, al- though we have better insecticides to use against them and better ways to fight them. Effective though our quarantines are against foreign nests, some of them are slipping through and require vig- orous attention. Many aspects need to be considered in the control of insects. We must stop the de- struction of our crops and forests, but the insecticides we use must leave no dangerous residue on foods, destroy no beneficial wild- life, and do no damage to our soils."
Flowering shrubs with their vigorous growth many tirr.'es get in the way of people as they walk through garden paths. Now is a good time to remove such branches. Cut well into the inside of the shrub or beter yet, right down to gti'ound level. The work should be done with pruning shears rather than with hedge shears.
9i>
War Of The Rebellion Was No Obstacle fo Cranberry Men
By CLARENCE J. HALL On the Contrary, Higher Prices Stimulated New Acreages — A Real Start was made in Wisconsin — First Cranberry Organization was Formed in New Jersey — Yankee Sol- diers Ate Fresh Cranberries and a Canned Product was Developed.
(This is the 15th Installment of the Cranberry History) The bombardment of Fort Sumpter, beginning at 4.30 a. m. on April 12, 1861, brought the travail of a terrible civil war to the nation. But the upheaval of ordinary living in the United States did not too much disturb the steady expansion of the cranberry industry — any more than had the "great panic" of 1857. Rather it brought the stimulation of higher prices for the products of the growers, both in Massachusetts and in New Jersey. Also increased acreage and a boom, just as in recent World War II.
The war did mark the beginning of the end of Cape Cod's maritime prosperity. Cape Cod sent its quota of sons to battle. But all interested in cranberry culture, as in other lines of endeavor, did not become sol- diers. Many of those on the Cape who did not go and who had looked to the sea for a living could no longer do so, with Confederate privateers harrassing Northern shipping and Southei-n ports blocked as the war went on. Many turned to the prospering cranberry business. Money was sunk into the ground in Massachusetts and New Jersey, not for se- curity, but to bring forth greater wealth.
In February, 1861, the New Eng- by Edward Crabbe of Toms River,
land Farmer had quoted the Demo- crat of Camden, New Jersey, as saying: "There is much attention being paid to cranberry cultivation in Burlington County, about 150 acres having been planted this sea- son." The account mentioned a farmer, Chetfield by name, who had set out 25 acres. Another G. Gow- dy, who was one of two New Eng- land brothers who had gone to Jer- sey to build bog, as planting 17 acres, and a Mr. Allen planting 10. Mr. Allen, according to the Demo- crat, was selling his fruit for |4.00 a bushel, "delivered at the house." One Joseph L. Daniels, writing to the Farmer in April, reported cran- berries were never in such demand and were selling for $10.00 to $20.00 a barrel and "never less than $8.00. The export trade is increasing every year, and the fruit has been known to keep for 20 months with extreme care — "this is what makes it so valuable to ship. ... to Eur- ope and California." Threw Down Turf Axes at "Double Trouble" to Take Up Arms The famous "Double Trouble" cianberry interests, now operated
New Jersey, and his sons, had its start during the first of the war. The first piece was being put in by Thomas Hooper of Toms River. This was one of 19 acres, as it stlli
is. The story has come down to Mr. Crabbe that when the men at work on the bog got news of the war they threw down their shovels and turf axes to take up arms. Adjoining this bog, and operated by the Crabbes, is one built by Ralph Gowdy, of the Gowdy broth- ers, reputed to have been started just prior to the war.. It was a piece of 7 acres. (The complete story of "Double Trouble" and the Crabbes was told in February, 194.3 issue). The Wilkinsons of New Jersey If there had been no Civil War there might not have been any C. Wilkinson's Sons, which concern, until 1939, was one of the most noted of produce houses, handling cranberries among its other fruits and vegetables. As it was, the War of the Rebellion was the im- mediate cause for Charles Wilkin- son, who was a large New Jersey farmer, to transfer his main inter- ests from his farm at Bridgeport on a tributary of the Delaware river to the city of Philadelphia. The war was beginning to bring him too many difficulties in trans- portation.
He foresightedJy conceived the idea that in the "Quaker City" he could not only sell his own produce to better advantage, but that of his neighbors as well. This farm pro-
(Conlinued on Page 10)
We Have a Good Stock
of
REDWOOD FLUME
LUMBER
4x4 — 4x6 — 6x6 2x6 and 2x8 Matched
— +♦+"
E. W. GOODHUE LUMBER CO.
Foot Cambridge St.
Middleboro, Mass.
Phone 1123
Middleboro Road
East Freetown, Mass.
Phone No. Roch. 75
S«VM1
Cape Cod Girl Crowned Queen At Annual Cranberry Festival
Miss Joyce Reece, Massachusetts Queen, Is Crowned at Colorful Program Held at Edaville, South Carver.
meal, which was in three servings, was supervised by Professor Gay T. Klein, poultry specialist of the University of Massachusetts, with the assistance of men and women of the poultry industry. It was estimated that more than 2.000 per- sons were fed at the outdoor bar- becue.
CARVER— Before a crowd esti- mated at more than 2,500 persons, Joy Reece, pretty Harwichport Hig-h school senior, was crowned National Cranberry Queen at Eda- ville. Saturday afternoon. The at- tractive Cape girl, who was selected as Massachusetts Cranberry queen out of a field of contestants from all parts of the cranberry area on Sept. 20, took over the throne which hns hmn held for the past year by Miss Barbara Patterson of Ware- ham.
The coronation was conducted amid an air of yiagcantry on a large stags set u^ in front of t'l'^ huge screenhcuse of the estate of the late Ellis D. Atwood. Present to witness the ceremony were crowds of people from all ov?r Mr.s- sachusetts and visiters c'l^n fro~i as fsr awav '"^s San Francesco and Athens, Greece.
In addition to the honor of ren- resenting the national cranberry industry during the joming year, Oueen Joy received a check fcr S250 presented bv the cranberrv growers. She will be given a trip to Washington.
Receives Crown
The new queen was crowned bv State Senator Edward C. Stone of Osterville, chairman of the judges. The other judges weie Norman Cool;, executive secretary of the Cane Cod Chamber of Commei-ce, and Henry T. Broderick, Massachu- setts Commissioner of Agriculture.
Miss Reece received her royal robes from the outgoing queen. Miss Patterson. Marcus Urann, president of the National Cranberry Association, presented the gift of §2.50 from the growers.
The day-long program began with a gala parade in Plymouth during the morning. Throngs of sightseers crowded the streets of Plymouth to watch a variety of colorful floats go by. Taking part in the parade were the then reigning National Cranberrv Queen, Miss Patterson, and the Massachusetts queen, Miss Reece. Bands from the Plymouth and Bridgewater High schools mar'.'hed in the parade, as a fore- runner of a "cranberry bowl" foot- ball game between the schools in the afternoon.
Serve Barbecue
Following the parade, the crowds headed for Edaville, where another of the famous chicken and cran- berry barbecues was served. The
Elckt
Ken Dalton was master of cere- monies for the afternoon program. He opened by introducing Marcus L. Urann, whom he described as "Mr. Cranberry". Mr. Urann, on behalf of the growers, welcomed those present. It was a day of thanksgiving for the growers, he said, because they had gone through fire, drought and flood to produce the crop which was then being harvested.
Miss Joy Reece of Harwichport was crowned as National Cran- berry Queen at the annual Cranberry Festival at Edaville September 27. Miss Reece is shown above in her coronation robes following the colorful ceremony. (Photo by Abbot)
Mr. Dalton then introduced Mrs. Elthea Atwood, widow o/ the late Ellis D. Atwood, who developed the famous Edaville estate and estab- lished the little narrow gauge "cranberry belt" I'ailroad which has become one of the most famous recreation spots in the state.
Coronation
The highlight of the program was the crowning of the queen. Miss Reece was escorted to the stage by Sen. Stone and was introduced by Mr. Dalton. Senator Stone placed the crown of the cranberry throne on the new queen's head, and Miss Patterson placed the roy- al robes over her shoulders. Mr. Urann then presented the gift of money from the growers, and the new queen was interviewed briefly.
A feature of the afternoon was a colorful pageant depicting the story of cranberries. With Mr. Daltcn narrating, the pctors told, in R series of tableaux, how the Indians had been the first to use cranberries for food, and how thev had informed the Pilgrims about the berries. Cranberries were widely used by the settlers, and as the pageant moved on, it was shown how the first berries to be o^'Dorted were some sent to Kinc Chrrles of England. Henry Hall of Cane Cod was depicted as he be- gan to cultivate cranberries for the first time. The pageant then showed how the berries became a traditional food aboard whaling ships to prevent scurvy, and hov; berries were exported for sale in New Orleans.
Finally, the pageant told of the development of new bogs until the berries became the principal crop of the area.
Winners Announced
''''ollowin'^ the pageant. Dr. Fred- '-■■icV B. Chandler" of the State Cranberry Experiment Station at East Wareham, announced the re- sults of the contest for the largest cranberries of the season. Winner was William Stillman of Scituate, whose berries measured 28 to the cup. Donald Isaacson of East Wey- mouth was second, with a count of SI berries to the cun. George E. Roberts of Alfred. Me., was third; a Mr. Everetts of Madison, Conn., was fourth, and Ferris Waite of Plympton was fifth.
Winners were also announced in cranberry recipe contest. Mrs. Ly- man Parmenter of Plainville won the first prize of $50. Mrs. Estelle Ames of South Harwich was second and received $25. Prizes of $15 went to Mrs. E. R. Mitchell of Wrentham, third; Mrs. Charles Angel of Kingston, fourth; and Mrs. L. E. Gross of Belmont, fifth.
A humorous cranberry jam-eat- ing- contest drew a big response from the youngsters present. It was held in two divisions, one for
Miss Reece, left, enjoys the chicken and cranberry banquet at Eda- ville with Barbara Patterson (center), 1951 Cranberry Queen, and her father, Howard R. Sullivan of Harwich Port. (Photos by Abbott).
boys and one for girls. Winners among the girls were: Betty John- son, first; Dorothy Fletcher, second, and Jane Williams, third. In the boys' group, winners were Richard Leitch, first; Robert Sturtevant, second, and Donald Wakefield, third.
During the day the Edaville rail- road trains were popular with the crowds of sightseers. The little trains ran every half -hour, carrying sight-seers on a tour of the Atwood plantation. A touch of color was added by the fact that bogs close
to the screenhouse were being picked during the day, and spec- tators were able to watch the actual cranberry harvest in progress-
"Perhaps not emphasized enough, however, is the government's in- flationary role of spendthrift con- sumer. The government produces nothing; it consumes insatiably. That by itself is a situation loaded with inflationary possibilities". — Springfield (Mass.) Union.
NIlM
War of the Rebellion
(Continued from Page 7
duce could be brought to the city directly by boat.
So in 1861 he established a busi- ness at Dock Creek, the location later becoming 132-134 Dock street, when the area was filled in. Mr. Wilkinson, prospering in the busi- ness, built it into a large prod.uce house, at one time the largest in Philadelphia. As they became of age, his four sons, James S., Charles W., Joseph N. and Edward S., were taken into the firm. Mr. Wilkinson saw great possibilities in the cranberry trade and became the first of Philadelphia's cran- berry commission merchants.
One of his sons, Charles W., was especially interested in and had di- rect charge of cranberries. In 1881 Charles W. became convinced of the future of the cranberry busi- ness and withdrew his interests fiom the Wilkinson firm to devote his full time to cranberries, and in due course became a grower him- self. Philadelphia for some years was the leading cranberry market of the entire United States, exceed- ing even Boston and New York. Charles W. Wilkinson was to be- come active later in organizing the Growers' Cranberry Company in 1895, and as secretary and sales manager he was important in the guidance of its affairs from its in- ception until the time it became a part of the American Cranberry Exchange in 1911. Following that he became general sales counsel for the Exchange.
The marketing end of the cran- berry industry owes much to the Wilkinsons of New Jersey.
Bull Run brought its dismay to the North, but life went along, as it d.oes, in that '"hour of misery, gloom, strife and war", as the Barnstable Patriot put the situa- tion. Time came for the annual Barnstable Fair and the Patriot urged attendance: "Give at least one day to the enjoyment of a great social festival by attending the Fair, and rekindle our hearts with patriotic duty to our coun- try." Many did, and Captain Cy- rus Gaboon won the first premium for cranberries, an award of $5.00. His kinsman, Benjamin F. Gaboon, received 50 cents, while Joseph
Smith of Barnstable, Nathan Smith of West Barnstable, and Water- man Crocker of Provincetown each received 25 cent awards. Major Phinney went up to Concord on September 9th, where he extolled the progress of cranberry growing in his own county to those attend- ing Middlesex County Fair. He cited an instance where a single acre producing 100 barrels had yielded its owner $1,200.00.
In neighboring Essex county, Nathan Page, Jr., complained at the annual meeting of that coun- ty's agricultural society that the cranberry growers were "at the mercy of shrewd dealers in Boston and elsewhere, who bought up the crop at their own prices and then shipped off the fi-uit to other places,
making enormous profits."
Cranberries Begin Making News
Out in Wisconsin
The Berlin Courant, in the Fox
River Valley of Eastern Wisconsin,
said under date of August 20, 1861:
CRANBERRY CROP: We have from the best authorities flatter- ing accounts of the prospects of this excellent fruit. Nearly all of the cranberry-bearing portions of the marshes in this vicinity have been bought up, mostly by residents of adjacent areas. But we know of one man, a Chicago- an, (assumedly Edward Sacket), who owns several hundred acres of the finest cranberry marshes. He has had it ditched so that it can be drained at pleasure, thus allowing him to keep it flood.ed until all danger of early frosts is past, thereby making the crop (Continued on Page 13)
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Tel. Carver 64-11
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Vol. 17 - No. 6 ISSUE OF OCTOBER 1952
O ^^^^'^'^'^^^
WE STILL CAN'T BEAT NATURE— BUT
117E are not going to get a real record crop '* this year, apparently. But when the final figures are all in it will have been big- ger than it might have been.
By that rather contradictory remark we mean that whatever crop Nature originally "planned" for the crop of 1952 and placed, in potential, upon the vines. Nature herself took some of it away, and would have taken more had it not been for the cranberry growers themselves.
We haven't licked Nature yeti and never will, but each year we find more and more means of easing off from some of her ca- prices. We learn more about insects, weeds and rots, and in turn how to control them more effectively. If, during the hot, dry July, the Cape Cod growers had not been alerted and gone to war effectively against fruitworm, fireworm, grubs and weevils, the Massachusetts crop would have been shorter than it is. Our frost warning pervices become more efficient. We make some use of sprinkler irrigation, but could make more, and doubtless will.
Science is constantly coming to our aid, and we now take achievements which our forefathers wouldn't even have dreamed of, more or less as matters of course. Not long ago we read how modern sex hormones can make virgin heifers start giving milk without ever having calved.
We can look for continuing startling, benefiicial discoveries and to producing bigger and bigger crops of cranberries.
Still speaking about crops. When M. L. Urann announced a month or so ago that the million-and-a-half barrel crop can come along any year, and practically almost every year, if all areas simultaneously en- joyed the most favorable weather, no great surprise was evidenced. There is now suf- ficient acreage to produce that result. It could be that ideal weather conditions would prevail everywhere is a single year.
But of about as much importance as the increased acreage and the weather is the steadily improving skill of the growers themselves. The world never stands still in the acquiring of new technical know- ledge and we are a part of the world, and have grown in wisdom and experience as have other industries.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription )3.00 per year
AdvertiainsT rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Pemberton, New Jersey
Station
The marketing end of the industry has come along, too, and this is vitally neces- sary. Cranberries have been called their own best salesmen — that is, their cheery color and popular appeal in taste. How- ever, they will not sell themselves, at least, 1,500,000 barrels will not sell and distrib- ute themselves. We believe we are making excellent progress in salesmanship. To wit: this fall continuation of "Chicken and Cranberries", "Winmor" campaign, freezer campaign of fresh fruit. A balance between culture and selling must be maintained, with perhaps selling being always a little ahead of production.
L. A. l!li!Ke ')f t'resque isie, l;ia:iie. \. t j : ; . . - > > ^ ' •
manager of Ne^v England Cranberry Sales Company last month, mEde his first appearance before that group at its annual fall meefng Sept. 6th. Mr. Blake, who is known as "Bill", although his name is Leslie Adams, with Mrs. Blake will live in Middleboro.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
FRESH FRUIT MARKET STRONG By Harold E. Bryant
So far this season, we have had an exceptionally fine fresh cran- berry market. As most growers know, prices opened at $19.00 a barrel f. o. b. Within three or four days, we advanced the price to $22.00 a barrel. At the time of writing this article (October 6th) the market is holding strong at this price level. We have every reason to expect that the market will continue strong at favorable
prices to growers.
Our opening price represented p. 277c increase over the price last season, and the $22.00 f . o. b. price is 47 7( above our price at this time a year ago. Prices were opened at $4.75 per case fob because we felt it would make possible a 29«' retail jirice throughcut most of the coun- try. Psychologically, we felt that 29(,* would prove to be a good open- ing price. At the present writing, tliroughout most of the country the retail price of cranberries is 29c a pound, with the exception of
the West Coast, where freight charges bring the price up to 35c. We believe, based on present eco- nomic conditions, that cranberries will move readily at 29c. Further- more, we believe that when cran- berries sold at advanced prices start to hit the market, we will ob- tain a good movement, even though we get into the 30c bracket for a retail price.
Based on our merchandising campaign — OPERATION W I N- MOR — we felt we were in a po- sition this year to increase very materially the quantity cf cran- berries fresh. Apparently we are doomed to some disappointment in this respect because of the short crop. At the present writing, it appears this crop is sufficiently short throughout the nation so that it will be necessary for both pro- cessors and fresh fruit shippers to take a considerable reduction in supplies compared with last year. Thus, with the effects of a real, sound merchandising program and a short crop, we have ample con- fidence that this fresh cranberry market can be maintained at these high levels. However, we would throw out a warning to cranberry growers to remember that there is a limit as to how far you can go in price and still have the consum- ers accept your cranberries, re- gardless of the promotion activity put back of the cranberries and re- gardless cf the supply situation.
Thus, we think it behooves all of us to use good judgment and avoid going over that point which might cause consumer reaction that could hurt our fresh cran- berry market not only this year, but in years to come. Don't for- get— in the years of short supply, we still have to be building our campaign for those years when we have burdensome supplies. We are going to need in the years of short supply a favorable wholesaler- retailer and consumer reaction, if we are going to get a similar re- action in periods of surpluses. Thus, although prices are strong, and we believe can be maintained, there is a limit beyond which we should not go. We leave it up to the collective judgment of the in- dustry to determine that limit.
Tw«lv*
/ar of Rebellion
(Continued from Page 10)
ilmost a sure one. In favorable seasons this crop pays the owner setter than any other crop he can raise.
Thus it appears certain this istern portion of Wisconsin was wake to the profits of cranberry altivation by the beginning of the ar, and there was a splurge of dying up of natural cranberry larshes. The size of these natural larshes was far beyond any of lose of Cape Cod. Again on No- jmber 14, the Courant told that
market was being provided for leae Wisconsin berries in the lo- ll grocery stores, reporting:
LARGE SHIPMENTS OF oRANBERRIES— R e e s e and Williams (a general store) ship- ped la&t week to Chicago over 500 bushels of cranberries which they had taken in during the past few weeks.
Local groceries, then, or at least lis one, were acting as wholesale ranberry buyers and then re-sell- ig the fruit. A writer in the (ew England Farmer that fall de- lared cranberries were selling at rom $10 to $20 a barrel.
A Cape Cod Farmers' Club, /hich had been recently formed, iscussed cranberry cultivation, nd its swelling possibilities. Dr.
eorge Shove, an early grower of 'armouth, exhibited berries and he group "visited the cranberry ilantations of Solomon Hinkley at lummaquid and others in the vi- :inity".
FOR SALE
Cranberry land. Approximate acreage: bearing, 6; unim- proved bog, 15; pasture, 50.
Sheds, machinery, equipment, irrigation system, small house.
Eugene Atkinson
Sandlake, Oregon
If newspaper readers of Cape Cod carefully scanned their Pat- riot, issue of June 30, 1862 an ad- vertisement must have struck at least a spark of interest. This ad told them that stock was available through the Peshtigo Company, a corporate body of Green Bay, Wis- consin, in the development of a natural cranberry marsh in Oconto County, the marsh c-omprising about 1,000 acres, and its crop for the previous season had been esti- mated at 30,000 bushels of cran- berries of the "Cherry" and "Bell" type. The marsh offered not only excellent facilities for both flooding and drainage, but its crop could be sent direct from Pestigo River to Buffalo, Montreal or Europe. Those interested were invited to contact George W. Higgins and Natan Crosby of East Brewster for ref- erences. Essex Grower Tries Smudge Pots
Spring frosts had troubled grow- ers of Essex County, Massachu- setts, that year and at Manchester John D. Hildreth, who had let the water off his bog on the 10th of May, on the 24th, found the mer- cury down to within a few de- grees of freezing. Of this night he wrote:
"I commenced lighting my fires about 8 o'clock, all around the meadow, and kept them burning all the night. The smoke rose un in a straight col- umn about 40 feet, and rested there, like a cloud. The frost was as thick by the fire as any- where. There was not one bud (which had been started) left. The ruin was complete." From the experiment this Mr. Hildreth deduced that smoke "is no good, unless atmospheric condi- tions are such that it smudges close over the vines." He had learned, so early in cranberry cul- tivation, that a smudge on frosty nights is not as effective a protec- tion for cranberry growing as in orchard cultivation.
The Harwich Independent of September 10th asserted that "certain parties" had bought up all the cranberries raised there at $7.00 to $8.00 a barrel. The crop for Harwich, the Independent esti- mated, would be 1,500, nearly dou- ble that of 1855.
(Continued on Page 16)
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,«1 WASmNQTON STBEEt WEST NEWTON «• **»»•
TbIrtMP
Turning His Mechanical ''Wizardry" To Problems of Cranberry Crowing
Tom Darlington of Whitesbog, N. J., Young President of J. J. White, Inc., has had Intensive Engineering Training and a Flare for Inventiveness — Concentrating on Picker. By Clarence J. Hall
;■- For a young man who has been in the cranberry business for only a couple of years, Thomas Darlington has cut a considerable swath in New Jersey cranberry business. This has beeen particularly in his efforts toward greater efficiency in cranberry culture through better mechanism. His training is along that line.
Following the tragic airplane death of his brother, Joseph, four years ago, their aunt, Mary F. Darlington took over as head of the famous J. J. White, Inc., property at Whitesbog, for two years, after which the office of the presidency of the White corporation fell upon Tom. This makes him one of the youngest heads of the cranberry and blueberry business in the country.
Has Cranberry Background
He is a grandson of the Jersey pioneer, Joseph J. White and nephew of Miss Elizabeth C. White, whose interest in cranber- ries and whose work in assisting in the cultivating of high bush blueberries is so well known. Be- sides being president of the White corporation, Tom is a director of the Exchange and of the Growers' Cranberry Company and at a re- cent meeting of this Jersey unit of ACE was made second vice- president. He was born in Phila- delphia, July 31, 1924, and is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Dar- lington.
He now makes his home in a cottage at Whitesbog with his wife, the former Martha Burton of Primes, Pa., and their siDn, Joseph, 2.
His Interests — Training Mechanical
He was graduated from Swarth- more, College of Engineering, having taken courses in mechani- cal design, in 1945. When part way through college, his career was interrupted by service in the U. S. Navy for two years and seven months. He was stationed at Norfolk, Va., and his duty in- cluded assignment every few days to a new ship scheduled for a "shake-down" cruise to determine flaws, if any. He was engineering officer on 2200-ton destroyers. For a year he taught physics at Naval Academy Preparatory School, Bainbridgee, Md.
After school and the Navy he
worked with Westinghouse Elec- tric at Lester, Pa., in mechanical design of automatic fuel systems for jet engines.
The name of White in Jersey cranberry and blueberry culture is too well known to repeat. It might be mentioned, however, that the property of Whitesbog is among the largest in that state and in the industi-y in general. Total acreage there approaches 3,500, and of this about 450 are in cranberries and about 100 in blueberries.
With his backorround Tom Dar- lington has a definite challenge in the future of cranberry growing.
His interests in mechanical pro- jects for cranberries are several. But, his msin current ambition is to develop a picking machine, along lines of his own inventive- ness which will do what he con- side'-s a satisfactory job of har- vestim;, in all respects. He is devoting most of his time this year to improving models he has already constructed and tried out. Concentrating on Picker
In an over-simplified description the machine operates in somewhat similar manner to that of a lawn mower, except that in going ahead the moving teeth comb through the vines. They pick the berries, while a roller holds the vines in place more or less intact — more than less, he hopes eventually.
Tom had noticed and been told by older growers of the damage done to Jersey bogs each year by the present scooping methods. He observed himself that scooping
tears up too large a percentage of vines from their roots, reducing the productivity of the bog. His picker was designed to eliminate as much of this wasteful practice as possible.
He has run into two major dif- ficulties, which he is now trying to overcome. One, is that his pick- ers did not harvest as cleanly as might be hoped for. Two, is that they cannot operate effectively in the long and tangled vines so common on many of the older Jer- sey bogs. He hopes to adapt the machine to the tangle of vines so he will be able to harvest cleanly and with a minimum of vine dam- age and bruising of the berries.
The picker does not do any pruning because it does not have to in order to get through the vines, and he feels there are sev- eral advantages to making this a separate operation. A pruning machine he has developed will prune and rake well over two acres of bog an hour, but because of the widely varied opinions on how hard cranberries should be pruned it is being used only on test areas at present.
He has made 12 pickers, all of which he used last Fall. They were fine on new planting, but ran into trouble on the bogs with heavy vine growth.
In the reclamation work at Whitesbog started full force last year they have sanded about a quarter of the property.
Sanding Operations
In bringing bogs back they do not go in for complete renovation — that is rebuilding when a bog is beyond hope. They depend upon sanding — and weeding to restore the less run-down bogs to better productivity. They are working on a four-year program. They are covering a lot of the heaviest vine growth to encourage both roots and new growth close to the bog floor, and hope to maintain better growth with heavy pruning and better water control.
For his sanding work Tom has originated and made a fleet of sanding machines. He uses Ford Model A cars. Two of these have interchangeable bodies on which he uses sand spreaders, He has
Fourtara
found the flat bodies more versa- tile than those with the spreader but not nearly so fast. The hop- per bodies and the flat tops are mounted on dual oversize air- plane tires, giving wide weight distribution. These are operated on the bog itself, without the use of the usual plank tracks. The flats are mostly for when the sand is too lumpy to be spread well by hoppers.
Under ideal conditions he has found he can sand 3 to 4 acres a day, with a crew of about 12 men. His average, however, has been about 21/2 acres a day. He gets some damage to the vines, but figures he puts the sand on at about half the cost of other meth- ods.
Growers Must Discontinue "Slack" Methods
Darlington is considerably en- couraged by the effort some of the Jersey growers are staging to make a come-back for that state. But, he is sure, coming into the industry with a fresh eye that the Jersey cranberry growers cannot accomplish this as a whole by continuing the "slack" methods of fornver years.
He realizes that he is new to the business and perhaps should not criticize, but he is pleased, as now one of the Jersey industry, that some of the older, more care- less methods are disappearing and that growers are putting more money back into their bogs. He says that much of the credit for progress that is being made at Whitesbog must go to Harold and Isaiah Haines, who have been there for many years and are the real cranberry men while he is still very much of a newcomer.
The crop at Whitesbog which now runs from 8 to 9 thousand barrels a year is entirely disposed of through ACE and NCA. Has Four Point Mechanical Plan
Mechanically, and he is estab- lishing a considerable reputation for "wizardry" in the field of mechanics, he is ■v^^^rking' most diligently upon improving four of the operations of cranberry grow- ing. These are sanding, pruning, spraying with insecticides and fungicides and finally picking.
Although extrenrely interested and optimistic concerning his pick- ing machine, Darlington doesn't intend to go into the business of making mechanical harvesters. When, and if, his model machines are truly functioning to his satis- faction, and he feels he has some- thing worthwhile to off'er the cranberry industry, he will let out his patents to some equipment manufacturing company for actual production. He doesn't intend to be a manufacturer of equipment — he is a cranberry grower.
Thinks Growers Wise In Taking Note of Water
Concerning the feared water shortage in South Jersey, he does not believe that Whitesbog will be immediately affected, but he, like many others, does not like the situation which ra'ay be developing in lessened general water sources. He thinks the growers of Ssuth Jersey are doing the right thing in taking steps at this time to see that the cranberry business may not be forced out because of water limitations; by the encroachment of industry, by too much pulp wood cutting or other reasons as "civilization" spreads in "The Pine's."
"We just can't sit on our haunches and let these adverse factors come in. Immediate action is required and I feel this is being taken," he says. "The Pine Bar- rens," represent the only untapped water supply left in New Jersey. Growers are particularly con- cerned over proposals by State and private interests to purchase the so-called Wharton Estate. This is a property of some 150-170 thou- sand acres and controls the water- sheds of two rivers, the Mullica and Wading, both of which are used by cranberry growers. The Whitesbog watershed is not in- cluded in this, and Darlington says Whitesbog supply has not yet beeen damaged. But he feels all growers of Jersey should be keenly alert to the possible dan- gers to Jersey cranberry water.
One of the worries at Whitesbog is the growth of Fort Dix. This huge army training camp has taken some of the Whitesbog land and abuts it.
As for his future. Is "Tom" Dar-
lington, mechanical engineer and designer, going to remain in the cranberry business ? "I am," he says.
(Editor's Note): It is expected we will have a detailed account of the operations of this machine this Fall with the changes made during the past year. This will appear in November or December issue.
The main reason for heating vegetables in preparing them for the deep freeze is to stop or slow enzyme action. Enzymes in the young vegetable help them grow and ripen, but allowed to keep on working freely, enzymes would cause the food in frozen storage to deteriorate, losing flavor and color. — University of Massachusetts.
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Ralph Thacher
Wareham 130
OUAIBERRY BOG Pruning and Raking
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COMPANY ACUSHNET, MASS.
Fifteen
War of The Rebellion
(Continued from Page 13)
New Bog in Harwich
The winter of '62-'63 was a des- olate one for those whose sym- pathies were with the Northern cause. Yet in that period the Harwich Republican said the cran- berry men had cleaned up nearly 50 acres of new bog in Harwich. There had been plenty of water on the Cape, vines overflowed during the cold months, and there had been no damaging spring frosts.
The tide turned for the Union at Gettysburg, and Vicksburg, the "Gibraltar of the South", fell. This was the year in which the Department of Agriculture of the United States was created by act of President Lincoln — an act which was to mean so much to all en- gaged in producing from the soil, including the cranberry men. The Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege was incorporated in that year; the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture having been estab- lished the year before. At Barn- stable Fair that year the great Swiss naturalist, Louis Aggasis, spoke, and in telling of the for- mation of the Cape scientifically corroborated the belief the natural
advantages there to cranberry cul- tivation were favorable.
Down in New Jersey Restore B. Lamb, a brother-in-law of Barclay White, commenced cranberry bog building upon a heath pond near Pemberton, and in three years had finished the planting of ten acres as an estimated cost of about $100 to the acre. Four years later, with the bog in full bearing, he raised 1,200 bushels, giving him a net income of more than $3,000.
No, as the country began to get deeper into the war, cranberry cul- ture was not being squelched.
Ice Sanding in Essex County
Just when sand was first spread on ice upon flooded cranberry bogs, to sink through and settle into the vines, was first begun as a prac- tice, it would be hard to say, but at least one cultivator had found out this method and used it in the winter of 1863, during the war. Even before that another had tried it. This former grower was Gil- bert Conant of Ipswich (who won the Essex Agricultural Society premium in 1866) and his state- ment told of it.
The Ipswich pioneer states that he commenced on a meadow of about one acre in 1860, cutting
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ditches to drain it, and ploughed it four to six inches deep and in- stalled a small flood gate, at a cost of $5, by which the meadow was flooded annually, from the first of November to the first of May. Cranberry "bushes" grew by nat- ure on this land, and he neither planted vines nor sowed seeds, "having found by experience that where meadows are adapted to the cranberry the cranberry will "come in spontaneously."
In the winter of 1863 he put two loads of sand upon the ice, which greatly improved the productive- ness of the vines on the spots where the sand was applied, he wrote.
In the Farmer of May, 1858, a writer with the date line of Weare, New Hampshire, and signing him- self "Granite Quill", says that eight years ago he drained and cleared a worthless frog pond. He wrote he set vines and applied a dressing of sand by spreading it on the ice in the Winter, "say an inch deep.''
Prom these two instances, it be- comes apparent ice sanding was practiced at least as early as the 1850's.
Harwich Growers Increase
In mid-November of 1863 a list of cranberry growers of Harwich, published in the Repub- lican, showed the number who had taken to cranberry cultivation had increased much since the list (published in a previous chapter) of 1859. For Harwich, no less than 151 growers were listed by name, their pi'oduction given and the prices received. The total crop was 2,597 barrels, bringing to that town the sum of $26,934. The prices ranged from $9.25 a barrel to $10.00. Whether all ber- ries had been dispatched by that date was not stated, and it is like- ly that higher prices were re- ceived later on in the winter. Some growers could well have been hold- ing for top war figures.
Captain Zebina H. Small was still first producer with 203 bbls., while E. Small & Co. (E. Small presumably being his son, Emu- lous, had the second largest, 162 bbls. Albert Clark of Brewster was third with 127 bbls.. Captain Cyrus Cahoon next with 110, William H.
Sizt*
Underwood had 193, Stephen G. Davis, 92, Moses Hendron 84, Obed Brooks 80, Captain Nathaniel Rob- bins 64, Anthony Kelley and Free- man Ryder, Jr., 60 each, Gershom Hall 5, Lemuel Hall 4.
Brewster Had 611 Bbls.
Brewster in this same list was given 611 bbls., selling for a total cf $6,031, with 32 growers named and "sundry others". Dr. S. H. Gould was the largest producer, William and Kenelm Winslow pro- duced good crops, and others named were Elisha Foster, Albert Clark and Elijah B. Sears.
Dennis Declines
Dennis grew 423 barrels (less than in '59) and these sold for 84,054.7.5. Only 20 growers were named. Largest grower of Dennis that year was Ebenezer Howes with 93.
North Dennis, separated from the rest of the town, produced 402; Yarmouth had 200, Chatham 168, Sandwich 175, Provincetown 125, Barnstable 425.
That was the first year in which cranberry prices became available from a more official source than the newspapers, these being- ob- tained from the annual reports of the American Cranberry Growers Association, as contained in Bul- letin 332, Massachusetts Agricul- tural Experiment Station. Fig- ures given are average prices as reported at Philadelphia, these be- ing $12.00 as of October 1 and $15 as of February 1.
Picking Machine Attempts
The year of '63 is also believed, to have seen an attempt made to develop a machine to pick cran- berries. Barnabas Thacher of
WHY?
When you think of aspirin do you almost auto- matically think of a certain brand?
(If so, why?)
Undoubtedly you can easily name three popular brands of cigarettes, whether you smoke or not.
(If so, why?)
You can doubtless name a few leading brands of coffee, of bathing suits, of automobiles, of tooth pow- der, of time pieces, refrigerators, bathtubs, towels.
(A lot more products could be mentioned).
You can easily think of the names of a few air lines and their services, of certain railroads, of life insur- ance companies.
Why can, you do this, and why do you so often buy certain products or avail yourself of certain services?
With all due respect to the merits of these products —hasn't the fact they ADVERTISE, and advertise consistently, something to do with this?
CRANBERRIES Magazine has valuable space available. For advertising rates and schedules ad- dress CRANBERRIES, Wareham, Mass.
Yarmouth, who was then a resi- dent of Boston, made some experi- ments. (More will be told about this early machine a little later). In May of 1864 General Grant fought his way through "The Wil- derness", and in September, Sher- man took Atlanta, breaking the back of the Confederacy. In No- vember Lincoln was re-elected president.
Cape Growers Have Troubles On the Cape the "vine worm" had made its appearance and was doing great damage. "It looks like half a crop", said the Harwich Independent. "Harwich will have left t o come t o maturity 2,000 barrels less than last year." In mid-August there was a severe hailstorm on a Sabbath afternoon, cranberry meadows in the Yar- mouth area were "completely shorn of the growing crop, hardly any have been left to come to matur- ity." Losers were Dr. George Shove, Messrs. Anderson and Howes, Thomas Arey, Edward Thacher, Reuben Bray. "Entire cranberry loss is estimated at $3,000)."
Yankee Soldiers Eat Cranberries Some of General Grant's sol- diers had fresh cranberries for the Thanksgiving of 1864. The Yar- mouth Register told of 75 tons of poultry, several hundred barrels of apples, canned fruit, pickles and cranberries being shipped from New York.
Also, apparently, a processed cranberry product made its ap- pearance during the hostilities. J. J. White wrote in his cranberry manual: "A cheap article — canned cranberries — -was manufactured during the war by using half a pound of brown sugar to each quart of cranberries".
$50 a Barrel Cranberries In December of that year the Yarmouth Register had berries selling in New York at from $21 to §25 a barrel, and at retail from 35 to 37 cents a quart. (Figures of the American Cranberry Grow- ers' Association were from §11 October 1st to $14. Yet John Webb of New Jersey was reliably re- puted to have sold some of his for $50 a barrel. Solomon Hoxie of Sandwich mentioned that figure in his account book (already dis-
Seventeen
cussed in a previous chapter). William Crowell of Dennis report- edly received that figure. James A. Fenwich of New Jersey sold some for $45 and Theodore Budd sold a few barrels at $35.
It seems rather beyond dispute that cranberries did touch the $50 figure during the Civil War, but that these were more or less iso- lated cases. In time of war, with money free in the hands of some, at least, just as in the last war, price is not an object, nor is value. Newtown Bog Begun in 1864 and finished in '66 was the "Newtown" bog in Barnstable, one of the more fam- ous of the earlier Cape properties. It was 16 acres in size and was said to have cost $6,800. This was a stock company bog. It was man- aged by Captain Samuel A. Nick- erson of Cotuit. This property, between 1867 and 1882, according to a pamphlet written in 1886 by
James Webb of Cotuit, who hand^ led many bog deals, netted its own- ers upwards of §45,000. It still is one of the Cape's better prop- erties.
A Cranberry Association is Formed in New Jersey With the war nearly over, there was accomplished what was prob- ably the first cranberry organiza- tion in the country. This was in New Jersey, where the growers seemed to have a particular flair for cooperative effort. These early Jersey cooperators were, to a con- siderable degree, to carry the torch of cranberry intelligence for several decades. This was in 1864. Forty-five years later, A. J. Ryder, secretary of the American Cranberry Growers' Association, was to say of that time:
"A young man (Theodore H. Budd) with pluck and persever- ance arose and said: 'Boys, let us get together and compare notes. Let us mark these dan-
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ger spots or blast them out of existence.' He called a meeting .... for conference and consul- tation. This was the budding of this Association, and the man of that occasion, thanks to a kind providence, is with us to- day— ^Hon. Theodore Budd." Mr. Budd himself in 1897 tells the story in his own language: "The first cranberry meeting held in this state was at Col- kitts Hotel in Vincentown, in 1864. The meeting was called by announcement in the county papers over my signature. There were quite a number of growers there, and some comment was made about the business and meeting in the county papers. William R. Braddock and James Fenwick were the oldest growers there, and their experience, giv- en by themselves, was listened to with much interest by the younger growers.
"But Mr. Braddock was much opposed to the meeting on ac- count of the publicity it gave the business, and I do not recol- lect of his ever attending another meeting. Mr. J. C. Hinchman, (a prominent grower then), re- fused to attend for the same rea- son. ..."
The next meeting was called a year later, at what is now Chats- worth (then Shamong) Station. He said this meeting was more slimly attend.ed and "we were short of talkers". The only talker there was James Gowdy of Toms River. The next meeting was called for Manchester, and grow- ers arrived there, but were told the meeting place was changed to Toms River. "After feeding them- selves and horses, the growers drove to Toms River." The time being late, the meeting was held the following day. They visited bogs, including those of Messrs. Davis, Smith and Aumack. These meetings continued until 1873.
Mr. Budd referred to a second group, which, as he recalled, was formed in 1869 or 1870 and was called the New Jersey Cranberry Growers' Union, with its main strength from around Trentont. (These two united were to be com- bined in 1873).
The War Ends
On April 11, 1865 the Barnstable Patriot in its heaviest one-column type announced the surrender of Lee and his army on April 9, and added "Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow!"
Eifhtoea
The war was over. The cran- berry industry had survived, as indeed, there was no real reason why it should not, but instead of barely squeezing- through that sti-uggle which so maimed the na- tion, it had actually waxed more lusty.
Simeon Deyo, in his "History of Barnstable County", quotes the State Census figures of 1865 as showing- the acreage had grown five fold in that county from that of ten years previous. These fig- ures gave Harwich, leading in acreage, 209, Dennis 194, Brewster 136, Barnstable 126, Provincetown 110, Sandwich 70, Yarmouth 68, Falmouth 40, Orleans 38, Chat- liam 27, Wellfleet and Eastham 22 each, Truro 12. Every town in the County was growing cranberries and the crop that fall was placed at 13,324 bushels, the value being $35,815.
Before going on with the effect of the aftermath of the war upon the cranberry industry, a chapter or two is necessary upon the pion- eer growers of Harwich of this mid-century period, for in that town "cranberry fever" burned with an exceedingly high temper- ature, and the mid-Cape town has a special place in the cranberry chronicle for what was achieved there.
(To be continued)
WORLD TRADE IN APPLES
Economy and Convenience
(Continued from Page 4>
able cuts were slightly less expen- sive than when purchased at retail and the less desirable cuts were about the same pric e
Detailed data on 79 families in Phoenix, Ariz., showed that they stored an average of 861 pounds of food per freezer in a year. Of
Increased world trade in apples and pears increased markedly in 1951 over that of the previous year, and the pre-war averages. The vol- ume of apples moving into inter- national trade was a near-record, while that of pears was the largest since 1949. Exports of apples from specified countries, which included all of the more important export- ing areas, totaled 35 million bush- els in 1951 compared with 23 mil- lion in 1950 and the pre-war aver- age of 33 million. World pear ex- ports increased from 7.1 million bushels in 1950 to 8.1 million in 1951.
DID YOU KNOW?
Extensive winter killing occurred on the New Jersey bogs in the win- tor of 1874-75, destroying about thi-i'c-fourths of the prospective <r(i|) Oil the exposed areas.
this, about 60 per cent was meat, poultry and fish; 13 per cent dairy products, mostly ice cream; 11 per cent, fruits;; 9 per cent, vege- tables; and 7 per cent, miscellan- eous items. Of the total stored, about 40 per cent was frozen at the homes, 30 per cent at locker plants, and 30 per cent in other commer- cial plants.
\\nJiaHfnail
CtlANBERlllES
Growers working together with the benefits and economies of "Private En- terprise" — The proven best way to do a job.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
DECAS BROTHERS
Growers Of
Cape Cod Cranberries
Phone 147
WAREHAM, MASS
Nineteen
Oldest cranberry grower on Nantucket, Fred Mag'lathlin (left), shows Cranberry Queen Joy Reese how cranberries grow on the Island. Cyrus Barnes (right) presented the cranberry lei around her neck.
WEATHER DATA The weather in Massachusetts during September was much nearer normal than that during- July and August. The maximum temper- ature was higher than we have had in the preceding five years. The rain for the month was nearly nor- mal and the reservoirs which were low at the beginning of the month are still low.
The accompanying table gives the weather data for the past five years.
WEATHER DATA FROM CRANBERRY STATION, EAST WAREHAM
Temperatures Precipitation
Year
No. days
90 or Ave. Highest over Max.
Total
Greatest No. Days with consecutive days 1/10 in. or with less than over 1/10 inch
|
September |
|||||
|
No. days |
|||||
|
85 or |
|||||
|
over |
|||||
|
1948 |
86 |
4 62.1 |
1.13 |
3 |
10 |
|
1949 |
85 |
1 62.3 |
3.37 |
8 |
13 |
|
1950 |
81 |
0 60.3 |
2.21 |
5 |
16 |
|
1951 |
83 |
0 65.0 |
1.03 |
3 |
16 |
|
1952 |
90 |
4 63.8 |
1.93 |
3 |
13 |
VINE ALONG HOUSE CONTROLS CLIMATE
Any home owner can provide a good deal of climate control for years to come, states Raymond P. Korboro, extension specialist in ornamental horticultuj'e at Rut- gers University, New Jersey.
Take, for example, the case of the house that is exposed to the full hot rays of the sun from 10 in the morning until 4 in the afternoon. The temperature in- side can be made more bearable by building a pergola along a house exposed in such a ra'anner.
Then deciduous vines can be planted, such ax Wisteria, Trum- pet Virw, or gra|)cs. Kdliagc will
shade the house in Summer, states Korboro, and during Winter, when heat is needed, plants lose their leaves and permit the sun to filter through.
The State University specialist holds that this is climate control at its best.
The removal of certain limbs and branches from trees and shrubs in Summer is a perfectly good practice. Certain shade trees whose root system make it difficult to grow grass underneath them need to be pruned high up the trunk. This allows sunlight to get uniler the ti'ee and helps make a I.eller liirf.
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KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST | |
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WITH |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT |
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PROVIDENCE, E. I. |
Hopkins |
|
370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
|
60 Foley Street |
6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
|
230 N. Michigan |
3-3050 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
|
155 E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
|
|
Caldwell Lane |
|
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
G-lOlO |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave. Madison 1 |
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South Gate. Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND. ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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COMPANY |
Twaoty
Statement requMjB by the Act of August 24, 1912. as tfKended by the Acts of March 3. 1933. and July 2, 1946 (Title 39, United States Code. Section 233) showing the Ownership, Management, and Circulation of
CRANBERRIES. the National Cran- berry Magazine, published monthly at Wareham, Massachusetts, for October, 1052.
1 . The names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are:
Publisher — ^Clarence J. F. Hall. Ware- ham. Mass. Editor — Clarence J. F. Hall. Waveham. Mass. Managring Editor —
Clarence J. F. Hall. Wareham. Mass. Business Manager — Clarence J. F. Hall. Wareham, Mass.
2. The owner is:
Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass.
3. The known bondholders, mortga- !?ees. and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are:
None.
Clarence J. F. HALL. Sworn to and subscribed before me this ninth day of September, 1952. (Seal) BARTLETT E. GUSHING.
Notary Public. ( My commission expires April 6, 1956 )
Up until last spring- about 30 per cent of foreign aid money went to pay taxes to the countries we are helping. In France one dollar out of every five went to the French for taxes on the help we were giv- ing them.
OCTOBER
Screening- Time, Less Hours of Daylight.
ELECTRICITY, Adequately, and Effi- ciently used — in Your Warehouse, in Your Home, is Your Good Ally.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
TEL. 200
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 1300
prs=a=ffia!=is=s«ws=8=£fca=S!=i!=i»&^^
The New England Cranberry Sales Company is supporting through cooperative effort the maintenance of orderly distribution of cran- berries. Its averaging system, based on an "over-all" pooling system, distributes the proceeds of r.U sales equitably to all members.
It welcomes inquiries concerning its operations and extends a cordial invitation to every cranberry grower to .join.
Eatmor Cranberries
The New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
Agr. Exp. Sta., State College Amherst, Me.ss. (x)
%
CONSUMERS ARE EATING MORE CRANBERRY SAUCE
J^med
Because of Cranberry Ideas in National Adver- ising this month in:
Ladies' Home Journal Better Homes & Gardens Good Housekeeping American Family Parent's Magazine Woman's Day American Weekly This Week Family Circle Because of Cranberry Suggestions in Food Editorial Pages such as:
September G:od Housekeeping, pages 95, 99, 103 and 116 Menu suggestions using canned cranberry sauce. September Family Circle, page 40 and 41 Recipe for hash, topped with Whole Cran- berry Sauce October Good Housekeeping, page 185
Fluffy spoon bread with Cranberry Jelly. September Household, page 68
Full page picture of Cranberry Bavarian in color. October Woman's Home Companion, page 126 Chicken or turkey sandwiches with Jellied Cranberry Sauce. September Better Living, page 73
Chicken vegetable shortcake with canned cranberry sauce. September Woman's Home Companion, page 99 Vanilla pudding with cranberry sauce.
Because of Television Announcements between major programs on:
WNAC-TV Boston every Wednesday at 8:00 p. m. every Thursday at 10:30 p. m.
KSD-TV St. Louis every Sunday at 10:30 p. ni. every Friday at 6:45 p. m.
WWJ-TV Detroit every Tuesday at 8:00 p. m.
WNBQ-TV Chicago every Monday at 7:00 p. m. every Thursday at 10:15 p. m.
KSTP-TV Minneapolis-St. Paul every Tuesday at 8:00 p. ni.; every Thursday at 9:00 p. ni.
WMAR-TV Baltimoi-e every Thursday at 10:00 p. m.
WCBS-TV New York every Thursday between 6:15-7:25 p.m.
WD-TV Pittsburgh every Wednesday and Friday at 5:00 p. m.
These are some of the ways your cooperative is building the year 'round market for Ocean Spray Cranberry Products. By membership in NCA your cranberry crop shares in the benefits from the wide-spreading Ocean Spray habit.
National Ckanberry Associatioin
THE GROWERS' COOPERATIVE
Hanson, Massachusetts
SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY
Morris April Bros.
Bridgeton - Tuckahoe
New Jersey
Apples
Cranberries
Peaches
GROWERS AND SHIPPERS
Hall & Cole
Established 1S48 Incorporated
Commission Merchants and Jobbers
94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.
Cape & Vineyard Elecfric Company
Offices :
Chatham Falmouth Hyannis
Provincetown Vin(yard Haven
APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES
Car Lot Receivers
Wareham Savings Bank
and
Falmouth Branch
Welcome Savings Accounts
Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80
AUTO
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry men
Funds always available for sound loans
EQUIPMENT
HAYD
— SEPARATOR — Wareham — Mass.
Pumps Engines
Wheelbarrows
SAND LOADERS
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
IwAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
(ADV)
Western Pickers, Inc., announces
a new lower price on its new 1953
picker, if purchased before Jan. 1st.
Also that it is adopting a new time payment plan of financing which will make it possible to pur- chase a Western Picker for as little as fifty dollars down, upon reason- able terms, with the final payment to be made after ycur berries are picked.
We are offering these lower prices and easier payment plan on the basis of volume. If we sell a larger volume, then we can sell each picker cheaper. To get this volume we are nra^ticall.y offering a Western Picker to you on your own terms.
We forecast that a major portion of the industry will be using me- chanical picking in three years. Certainly you can't afford to be without your Western Picker an- other season. So order yours now at this reduced price before an in- crease comes into effect.
The 1953 Western Picker will have fourteen new improvements. These improvements are not guess- es nor hope, but have been tested out during the last season. They will make the Western Picker more efficient, w:rk a longer day, and be fo better constructed so as to re- duce loss of picking time to a mini- mum.
See our agents for more detailed information about this 1953 West- ern Picker. They will tell you about our new time payment plan and will describe in detail these many new improvements and what each will do. These agents are:
Nahum Morse, Freetown, Mass. Louis Sherman, Plymcuth, Mass. Ceroid Brockman, Vespers, Wis. Norman Yock, Grayland, Wis. John O'Hagen, Grayland, Wash. R. J. Hillstrom, Coos Ray, Ore.
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
John S. Bailey In Agriculture All His Life
John S. Bailey, recently advanced to the rank of Associate Professor in Research, University of Massa- chusetts, and assigned to the Mas- sachusetts Experiment Station at East Wareham, has been engaged in agricultural study and work since 1918. He has been in Massa- chusetts since March, 1923 and his major work has been in pomology, which he will continue at East Wareham.
Prof. Bailey was born in East Aurora, New York, March 25, 1899. In 1906 he moved with his family to Cleveland, Ohio and in 1909 the family moved to Lake- wood, a suburb on the west side of Cleveland.
In the fall of 1918 he went to the then Michigan Agricultural Col- lege, where he joined the Student Aimy Training Corps, a branch of the United States Army. He was mustered out of the Army in December and continued his studies until he finished his work in March, 1922. He was granted his B. S. degree by Michigan in June of that year. In March, 1922 he went to Ames, Iowa and spent a year at Iowa State College doing graduate work. He completed that in Feb- ruary, 1923 and was granted a
Master of Science degree by Iowa in June 1923.
He joined the staff of Massachu- setts Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion in March, 1923 as investigator in pomology. In September 1926 he was advanced to the rank of an | Assistant Professor in Pomology, ■ after which he lert for a year of graduate work at Cornell Univer- sity.
His work at Amherst has been with neaches, blueberries, both cul- tivated highbush ana wild low bush, with other small fruits such as beach plums and strawberi'ies and with winter injury problems.
On October 11, 1924 Mr. Bailey was married in Lansing', Mi'chigan. Mrs. Bailey is also' a graduate of Michigan State College, class of 1051. Prof, and Mrs. Bailey have two dau.ghters, Joan, graduated from Lake Erie College, Paines- ville, Ohio, in June 1951. On Sep- tember 15th she completed her training as a medical technician at the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital, Hanover, N. H. The younger daughter. Marilyn, is studying art at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, N. Y., and expects to be graduated in June, 1954.
Although stationed in, and ex- pected to make his home in South- eastern Massachusetts, Prof. Bailey continues as a member of the Uni- versity of Massachusetts Pomology Department staff, but will be near- er to the major sources of his studies, blueberries, strawberries and beach plums. Mr. Bailey is well known to cranberry and blue- berry growers and has appeai'ed on many speaking programs, par- tijularly in regard to cultivated blueberries.
The RED FRUIT LAND"
Wild cranberries still grow at Cedar Tree Neck on Martha's Vineyard, the island off the Massa- chusetts coast. According to a rec- ent item in the Vineyard Haven Gazette, the neck was once called by the Indians "Squemmechchue", interpreted as "the Red Fruit land ', probably because of the cranberries which the Indians found there.
Could Be Right
It isn't the fear of criticism that bothers most of us — it's the fear that our critics may be right.
Twa
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The cranberry harvest was com- pleted about October 24th, which was nearly three weeks earlier than last year. It has been a fine har- vest season with excellent weather for picking. Frost damage has been negligible. We were really fortunate in this respect in view of very limited water supplies; ] e-servoirs are still critically low us of November 3rd. With the threat of cold weather not far away, heavy rains are needed to relieve the situation. Befoi-e leav- ing the subject of frost, the writer would like to commend George Rounsville for his splendid work this Fall relative to the preparation and release of frost warnings. Dr. Franklin has carefully trained Mr. Rounsville for this responsible task, and this Fall demonstrated that the lessons were well-learned. We also greatly appreciate Dr. Franklin's valuable services as our frost consultant this past season.
Dr. Chester Cross, Mrs. Kim Bos- worth of the National Cranberry Association, and the writer ap- peared as guests on a WBZ tele- vision show in Boston during Oc- tober. We had an opportunity to display some of the cranberry products, both fresh and processed, and bring our industry a little nearer to "Mrs. Cansumer". The cooperation of the marketing ag- encies who furnished material for the show was appreciated.
The Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion under the leadership of Dr. Cross is studying the problem of bog irritation. Several conferences have already been held. We are collecting data on the cost and in- stallation of various irrigation systems and research has been initiated. The problem is complex, but we believe that the time and expense necessary to investigate this particular field will be justi- fied in view of the losses experi-
enced from drought in recent years. We have a reminder from the Cranberry Experiment Station on winter flooding of bogs. New bogs should be flooded for the winter as scon as the ground begins to freeze. This will prevent the heav- ing of newly-set vines. Surplus water should be removed during periods of thaws and heavy rains. If neglected, with vines frozen into the ice, the raising of the ice will pull them out of the ground. Bear- ing bogs are usually flooded about December 1st, or as soon as the bog's surface remains frozen all day. Dr. Franklin makes the fol- lowing statement in his Bulletin No. 447 entitled CRANBERRY GROWING IN MASSACHU- SETTS: "The water should be held just deep enough to cover the vines. It is often best to let the highest parts stick out a little where the bog is much out of level". The temperatures this Fall have been well above normal. This means that the cranberry buds could be winter-killed easily if they do not have protection.
A new picking machine was dem- onstrated in Massachusetts during October. Thomas Darlinton of Whitesbog, New Jersey, tried out his machine and is adapting it to our Cape Cod conditions. The ma- chine did creditable work for its first trial.
A Farm Business Conference was held at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., November 13, 1952, which was open to the public. The purpose of this two-day conference was to give those attending a concentrated briefing on trends aff'ecting farm business management in Massachu- setts during 1953. Speakers of national reputation discussed current aff'airs of vital interest to the Massachusetts agricultural in- dustry. They included Oris V.
Wells, Chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics; Wendell MacDonald, New Enirland Director of the Bureau of Labor Statistics; Alfred C. Neal, Vice President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Bos- ton, and ether prominent speakers.
A cripple on the right road has a better chance than an athlete on the wrong road.
Middleborough Trust Company
MIDDLEBORO MASS.
Member of
The Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
, H
Do you know the
"WHITE FIREMAN"?
Ask us what he is doing in your neighborhood every day.
Eben A. Thacher BREWER & LORD
4C Broad St. Boston
FOR SALE
Cranberry land. Approximate acreage: bearing, 0; unim- proved bog, 15; pasture, 50.
Sheds, machinery, equipment, irrigation system, small house.
Eugene Atkinson
Sandlake, Oregon
ThrM
WILLIAM E. TOMLINSON
TRANSFERRED TO
EAST WAREHAM STATION
William E. Tomlinson, Jr., better known as "Bill" has been trans- ferred from the Waltham Field Station to the Cranberry Station in East Wareham. Bill worked on cranberry and bluebery insects in New Jersey from the Spring of 1945 until he went to the Waltham Field Station about a year and a half ago. His duties at the Cran- berry Station will include insect work on cranberries, blueberries, beach plums and strawberries. He made an outstanding contribution while in New Jersey on the insect which carries the false blossom dis- ease of cranberries.
Bill, his wife, Barbara, and their five children will move to this area about the middle of November, at which time Mr. Tomlinson will be- gin his residence work. At present he is working on project plans and other details which preceed his re- search program.
In World War II the government built a depot at Baton Rouge, La., for $2.9 million. After the war it was sold for $205,000. The new owners rented it to the Commodity Credit Corporation for 20 months for $193,571 and in June, 1951, rented two-thirds of it at $219,816 a year. Repurchase by the govern- ment for $2.5 million has been authorized.
Good Drainage Increases Yield And Crop Quality
This article is written to give basic information in the field of drainage and irrigation and its ap- plication to cranberry culture.
The removal of gravitation or extra water from the large spaces in the top soil or the lowering of a shallow water table is called drainage. From the beginning of historic time the need for drainage has been recognized in the produc- tion of ordinary crops. The old Roman husbandman wrote about the importance of draining wet soils and suggested the use of bun- dles of faggots.
Drainage has been considered the foundation of good soil man- agement which may be summa- rized by the following: —
1. Development of a granular. (This applies to clay soils and does not concern the cranbei-ry grower).
2. Removal of water from the large spaces permitting them o be filled with air-ventilation. (This is important to cranberry growers — see 4 below).
3. Higher soil temperature. (Questionable effect on cranber- ries).
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4. Improved ventilation in turn gives deeper rooting of the plants, which means the roots contact more water and more plant food. (This is of great importance in producing cranberries).
5. The higher temperature and improved ventilation increase the activity of bacteria which break down the organic matter releasing plant food. (In cranberries this will also improve the drainage through the layers of leaves which have been sanded, down).
6. The breakdown of the organic matter releases mineral elements from the soil.
7. Good drainage reduces heav- ing. (This is of little importance except in newly set bogs).
8. Good drainage increases yield and quality of crops. (This is of much importance to cranberry growers, but bogs which are now poorly drained cannot be properly drained in one year without ser- ious drought. The improvement with established bogs must be gradual. However, sections which are being rebuilt can be started out with good drainage).
From the above it is evident that drainage has many benefits in cranberry production. It should be remembered that drastic changes in drainage may require changes in the irrigation.
There are only two general methods of draining land — (1) open ditches (2) closed drains, or drains below the surface. Open ditches are very satisfactory where large volumes of water are to be moved. They are also well suited t3 land which is very level. For these reasons, there will always be some open ditches in cranberry culture.
Cranberry growers are fully aware of all of the disadvantages of open ditches, such as non-pro- ducing areas, difficulty of moving equipment, weeds, muskrats, etc. Erosion, one of the continual dis- advantages of open ditches in other agriculture, is only a problem in newly set bog.
Closed drains are considered more economical in other forms of agriculture because they have a lower maintenance cost and they do not interfere with operation on the sui-face of the land. There are many types of closed drains, some (Continued on Page 14)
Four
O Z^"""''''"''""'' "'"'^^^
ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1952-VOL. 17. NO. 7
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
WASHINGTON
Washington is still very short of water, having had only one inch of rainfall since August 20th. Be- cause all the growers in the Long Beach area are set up for water scooping, less than one-third of the crop has been harvested to date. Most growers have sufficient water to sprinkle for frost protection, but have not deemed it safe to empty the ponds for water scooping. Be- cause of the vei'y late and veiy dry season, the Washington crop will be well below all estimates. Plots harvested at the Experiment Sta- tion on which records have been kept for several years are produc- ing only about one . half of last year's yields.
It is therefore safe to say that the Washington crop will be well below all the estimates listed here- tofore. Berries last year at the State Bog averaged a hundred or less for a cup count; this year's average is between 130 and 140.
Certainly it has been a most un- usual season, with bright, sunny weather through September and October, instead of the usual six or eight inches of rainfall.
The Grayland berries are har- vested dry and consequently the harvest is well underway in that section.
NEW .JERSEY
October Weather
The weather during October at Pemberton was colder and much drier than normal. It was the dri- est October in the history of weather recording at Pemberton, with only .73 of an inch of rain falling, a deficiency of 2.73 inches from the normal amount. The average temperature was 53.2°,
about 3 degrees below normal.
Toward the end of the month there was a long string of frosty nights, running from Oct. 16 through Oct. 29. Some veteran growers called this the most ex- tended frost period for October in their memory. Unusually low temperatures were recorded on several bogs; Whitesbog went down as low as 8 degrees on the 20th and Joe Palmer's Ives Branch Bog plummeted to 6V2° on the same night. Fourteen frost warnings were sent out during the month.
At Chatsworth, the October weather data kept by William S. Haines closely approximated those of the laboratory at Pemberton. The only noticeable diflference was in the total rainfall, which was .93 of an inch, .20 of an inch more than Pemberton's. Progress of Harvest and Bog Work
Harvesting was all finished by Nov. 1st. Late varieties showed up better in production and quality than for some years back. Howes, in particular, have been large and sound and have cropped heavily throughout the state.
Bogs are reported to be in good condition, partly due to the flood- ings for frost control which have kept the soil moist.
It is encouraging to see that more hand tools are being bought for bog work, which indicates an increased interest in bog care. Also, more growers are planning to replant or to sand than for sev- eral years back. Fall fertilizing by airplane is increasing.
The 21st Annual Blueberry Open House will bd held in Fenwick Hall, Pemberton, on December 5, 10.30 a. m. to 3 p. m. This is the day when the Agricultural Experiment Station reports on the blueberry
work of the past year. Luncheon reservations should be mailed a week in advance.
MASSACHUSETTS
Massachusetts has been un- usually dry during October, a great contrast to October 1948 when the rainfall was 7.04 inches. The lack of rainfall has not caused damage to the crop so far but many grow- ers do not have enough water in their reservoirs for Winter flood- ing.
The Darlington picking machine was not tried in Massachusetts until late in the season but the few people who saw it were im- pressed with the machine and hope that it may be tried on more bogs next year.
The fresh fruit crop is moving- very well and some growers think the crop will be sold before the Christmas market. The market for _ canned product is also very good and the pack is being shipped out as fast as it is packed.
Armed Criminals
Maybe armament encourages war, but how can you do without armed cops in a world full of armed criminals.
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
piv
Cranberry ''Trash" Is Useful to Grower
by F. B. Chandler
Cranberry "trash" (cranberry leaves and unmarketable fruit), which is usually removed from the bogs, hauled away to be burned, or forgotten, may be used by the cranberry grower or may be sold. In 1946, experiments were started at the State Bog and at the Cape Gcd Company Porter Bog to deter- n'.ine whether substance detriment- al to the growth of cranberries was present in cranberry "trash". It is a well-known fact that the ac- cumulation of "trash" on the bog I'.ecreases growth and production and sometimes kills the vines. Furthermore, it has been reported that peach roots are detrimental to the reestablishment of peach orchards (5), and that guayule (a shrubby plant containing latex used to make rubber) produces a substance toxic to growth of plants (3). To study whether or not a toxic material was present in cranberry "trash", the top eight inches of soil was removed from a number of plots and six inches of the experimental material was put in a hole and covered with two inches of sand. In addition to cranberry "trash", unused peat, sawdust, cranberry vines, and peat with some roots from a 45-year- old cranberry bog were used in the study.
Fiom these studies, it appears that cranberry "trash" does not contain any substance that would inhibit the growth of cranberry vines. The prunings or vines did not have any injurious effect, but settled more than the other ma- terials. The section that received the peat from an old bog was not quite as good as the others, but the difference was only slight. Therefore, it appears that cian- berry trash is only detrimental on the surface of the bog and may be used in building or rebuilding cranberry bogs.
The foregoing refers to cran- berry "trash" as it is removed from the bog; composted trash, however, has many more uses tor the cranberry grower, or many be sold. The simplest method of
composting is to spread the cran- berry trash on the surface of the ground and plow it in. The A. D. iViakepeace Co. did this on some land in Tihonet. Lime and ferti- lizer were also used; the result is a very good garden soil.
In the Spring of 1951, compost piles were started at the State Bog, Maple Spring Bog, and Chip- away Cranberry Company Bog. In these experiments, lime, fertilizer, manure, bacteria, and seaweed were mixed with the cranberry trash. From these studies and observations of old trash piles, it is evident cranberry trash decom- position is hastened by lime, fer- tilizer, and bacteria. It was also evident that some of the piles v/ould have rotted better if they had been watered in the dry sea- sons.
The methods of making compost have been well described (1, 2, and 4). For best results the trash should be in six-inch layers, with a little lime (25 lbs. per ton of trash), fertilizer (100 lbs. per ton of trash), and garden soil (100 lbs. per ton of trash) for bacteria. Usually the "trash" is quite wet when it is picked up; but if it is di-y, water should be applied to soak it. The decomposition may bo hastened by turning the pile over with a shovel after two or three months. At this time, water
should be added if the pile is dry, but not enough to wash away the nutrients. If the pile is turned once or twice, a good product will be obtained in six to eight months. Piles that are not turned will re- quire about a year to decompose. A satisfactory product was ob- tained in a sand pit near Tihonet Bog by dumping the "trash" in and bulldozing some top soil on the "trash". This method does not give ai uniform a decomposition as lay- ering with lime, fertilizer, and soil.
Compost has many uses; the most common is to incorporate it with the soil to improve the gar- den. For this purpose it may be applied to the vegetable garden before plowing, or it may be spaded in the perennial flower garden. Compost is also good as a mulch, and it makes an excellent top dressing for lawns.
Some growers have estimated the weight cf trash per acre be- tween one and two to.ns per year. At this rate, there would be be- tween 15,000 and 25,000 tons of trash in Massachusetts and more than twice this amount for the whole United States. Well-made compost is as valuable as manure, and in most of the cranberry sec- tions manure is worth $10 per ton and sometimes more. Therefore, the cranberry growers in the
Special Attention to
the Needs of Cranberry Growers
BUILDING MATERIALS of All Types
Redwood Flume Lumber In Stock
E. W. GOODHUE LUMBER CO.
Foot Cambridge St.
Middleboro, Mass.
Phone 1123
Middleboro Road
East Freetown, Mass.
Phone No. Roch. 75
FLOODED WITH MAIL
Mail is heavy in EATMOR contest
United States by properly hand- ling the cranberry "trash" may realize up to |500,000 more gross income per year.
1. Beaumont. Arthur B.. 1947^Arti-
ficial manures or the conservation
and use of organic matter for soil
improvement.
Orange Judd Publishing Co.. N. Y.
2. Beaumont, Arthur B.. 1949 — Com-
post for the garden. Univ. Mass, Extension Service Leaflet No. 155.
3. Bonner, James and Arthur W. Gal-
ston, 1944 — Toxic Substances from
the Culture Media of Guayule
which may Inhibit Growth.
The Botanical Gazette, Vol. 106:
185-198.
4. Kucinski. Karol J., 1942 — Prepar-
ation and Use of Artificial Manures. Univ. Mass. Agr. Expt. Bulj 395.
5. Proebsting, E. L.. and A. E. Gilmore,
The Relation of Peach Root Tox- icity to the Re-establishing of Peach Orchards. Proc. Amer. Soc. Horticultural Sci.. Vol. 38:21-26.
Thousands of Entries In Eatmor Contest
Chambers and Wiswell, Eatmor Cranberries' advertising agency, is wading knee deep in cranberry limericks. As of November 1, nearly 20,000 consumer entries for
that handsome Cadillac convertible offered in the Eatmor Limerick con- test had arrived at Boston.
First entries in the contest ar- rived on September 10, and five or six more letters a day came drib- bling in during the next fortnight. Then, about September 25, entries started to arrive at the rate of 25 to 30 a day. By October 1 the count was up to 500 letters, and then the following week the mail started to increase consistently — at first, one or two good-sized packs, nexti a cartcnful, then by the sackful.
When a collection was made at the Boston post office on Tuesday morning, October 14 — the day af- ter the celebration of Columbus Day in Massachusetts — it was found that more than 1200 letters had accumulated since Friday af- ternoon. And more were arriving with every mail!
Biggest mail to date was on Oc- tober 27, when 4,100 entries ar- rived at Chambers and Wiswell.
(Photo by Abbott)
Entries have now been received from all forty-eight states, several United States' possessions and six Canadian provinces.
A.S to be expected, the entries were preponderantly from women, presumably housewives, but it was apparent that more than one man wanted to "get in on the act" in a bid for that Cadillac. One gentle- man from Wisconsin, in filling his entry, added this postscript: "I will be eating cranberries from now un- til December 31. Any suggestion if I get cranberryitis?"
Brokers and wholesale distrib- utors report that the limerick con- test and offer of the Cadillac con- vertible and other prizes is cre- ating a tremendous demand for Eat- mor cranberries despite retail prices, which are langing from 50-75 per cent above a year ago.
On November 1 shipments of Eatmor cranberries to consumer markets totaled 109,000 barrels as compared to 84,000 barrels for the
(Continued on Page 9)
SfVfn
Use of Honeybees In Cranberry Bogs
(This may seem an odt time to use t^e following article, but now, with the active season ending, thought may be given to the prospective crop of next year).
By ROBERT S. FILMER, Associate Research Specialist, Entomology, and CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Associate Research Specialist, Cranberry and Blueberry Culture.
Bees of some kind are needed to pollinate cranberries. In areas of bog covered by wire netting, Hutson* found that out of 100 blooms, as many as 56 set berries when honeybees were present, and only 8 set berries when all bees were kept out.
The main problem of cranberry growers is whether enough wild bees are present. The chief ques- tions that come to our offices, and our answers, are as follows:
1. How is cranberry pollen transferred?
Under New Jersey conditions, pollinating insects collect cran- berry pollen and are largely re- sponsible for the pollination of cranberries.
The literature on cranberry pol- lination presents two contrasting views on the mode of pollen trans- fer: according to one, pollination is accoin(plished by insect visitors; according to the other, wind or agitation of the vines is chiefly responsible for transfer of the pollen.
Experiments in 1948, 1949, and 1950 on New Jersey cranben-y bogs demonsti-ated that only 15 berries per square foot were set in plots caged to exclude insects, even though the vines were agi- tated daily by various means to dislodge the pollen. On adjacent, uncaged plots where insect visitors were responsible for the pollen transfer, 90 to 152 berries were set per square foot. Pollen trap collections during the cranben-y bloom period showed that approxi- mately 50 percent of the pollen collected by hive bees used in the cranberry area was from cranber- ries and that the pollen pellets col-
*Hutson, Ray 1925. The honeybee as an agent in the pollination of pears, apples, and cranberries. Jour. Econ. Ent. 18:2 387-391.
Eigbf
lected from the legs of bumblebees and other wild bees visiting cran- berry bloom were made up of cranberry pollen.
2. How big is my pollination problem ?
Remember that the job of polli- nation must be done by insects during the 3 to 4 weeks when the cranberries are in bloom. In New Jersey, cranberry yields of 100 to 150 barrels (100 pounds each) per acre have been obtained, though half of the bogs under cultiva- tion produce, in a normal year if there is no frost loss, only 19 to 53 barrels per acre.*
The number of berries per square foot, which is an approxi- mate measure of yield in barrels per acre, can be used to determine the number of insect visits re- quired to set a crop. For example, to produce a crop of 100 barrels will require 100 (berries set per square foot) x 43,560 (square feet per acre), or 4,356,000 insect visits per acre. Multiply this fig- ure by your total acreage to find the total number of insect visits required to set your crop.
Keep in mind that bee flight may be curtailed by rain or re- stricted by high winds and that other plant bloom will compete with cranberry bloom for the at- tention of the bees. These condi- tions reduce either the flight time or the numbers of bees visiting cranberry bloom. During most seasons, then, weather conditions shorten our pollination period.
In 1948, experiments were con- ducted on a 60-acre bog of Howard Bell berries and a 25-acre bog of Early Blacks. The 60-acre bog averaged 118 berries per square foot, and the 25-acre bog averaged 215 berries. The number of insect visits required was figured as fol- lows:
These two bogs were only a few hundred yards apart and conse- quently would have to depend on
Berries per square foot
118 215
Square feet per acre X 43,560
x 43,560
the native pollinating inscet popu- lation to furnish some 542,534,800 insect visits during the blooming period of about 30 days, or an average of 18,000,000 a day. This figure is much higher when we take rainy days and the peak bloom period into consideration.
3. Can I depend on wild bees?
In most cases, yes. In small or moderate-sized bogs or in large bogs that are rather narrow, all parts of the bogs are within easy access of wild land where bumble- bees have their nests and breed. In large bogs of 50 or more acres, the area may be too great to be covered by the normal population of wild bees. And in seasons fol- lowing forest fires there may not be enough wild bees' to pollinate even the smaller bogs.
Hutson and Beckwith* calcula- ted that an average count of close to 3 bunrblebees per square rod was sufficient for good pollina- tion. A good way to make such a count is to pick out a strip 1 rod wide that cuts across your bog. There may be a path about a rod away from a ditch, or you may have to put up a string as a guide. Then on a sunny day walk along the edge of this strip looking for bumblebees. Note the number you see for every rod you pace off. If your count averages 3 or more bumblebees per square rod, you probably have enough insects to distribute the pollen required for a good crop of cranberries.
But suppose a period of stormy weather should set in right after you've made an encouraging count of bumblebees. For the rest of the blooming season there might be only a few spells of good weather that would last long enough to produce healthy blossoms and al- low their fertilization. Then the bog supplied with honeybees to help out the bumblebees would have a chance of setting a better crop. A case as extreme as this, Total
Number of acres in bog X 60
X 25
insect visits
— 308,404,800
— 234,130,000
542.534.800
•Doehlert, C. A. and D. O. Boster 1948. "Hutson, Ray 1926. Relation of the
New Jersey's cranberry production per honeybee to fruit pollination in New Jer-
acre. American Cranberry Growers' sey. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 434 (out
Assoc. Proc. August, pp. 5-7. oi print).
however, is unusual.
If you make counts for the first time this Sunrmer, you won't have time to plan on renting hives this year. But these counts will be use- ful in checking on the pollinating that is going on and will help you in making plans for next year. If no forest fires intervene, the chances are that this year's popu- lation will be about the same next year. Since honeybees are used chiefly as insurance against unus- ual and unforeseen conditions, a grower generally sizes up his con- ditions on the basis of several years' observations and then be- comes a regular user of bees or a regular nonuser.
4. Should I wait until the bloom- ing season to decide whether I have enough wild be«s?
No. If there is a shortage of bumblbees and you don't discover it until the cranberries are in full bloom, you will have lost a valu- able pollinating period and will lose more while you are arrang- ing the rental and while the bees are being delivered. Furthermore, with a hurried arrangement of this sort you are not likely to be able to get a full quota of strong col- onies.
You can get advance informa- tion by watching for bumblebees along the dams and in other places where plants are blooming dur- ing May. At that time, with prac- tice, you can judge whether the season is going to be a good one for bumblebees.
5. How much should I pay for the rental of a colony?
The size and the quality of the colony are more important than the differences between the prices usually quoted. Several weak col- onies may be worth less than one strong colony. Prices commonly vary from $5 to |7.50 a colony, de- pending chiefly on the number ordered. The price asked by a well-established bee-keeper is likely to be fair if his colonies are as good as he claims they are. The skill and the integrity of the bee- keeper are the important things to shop for.
6. How can I tell whether I have rented effective colonies?
A standard set by some beemen for a cranberry-pollinating colony
is a single-chamber, 10-frame hive in which five frames are well filled with brood, or baby bees, and ac- companied by 3% pounds of adult bees. If a hive is as strong as this, the beeman will be around shortly after he moves the hives into the bog to put on a second chamber or story for expansion and storage of honey.
Brood is important because no colony can be strong and active unless it has young bees to work for and to replenish its population. A pound of bees occupies about a quart of space and consists of about 5,000 insects.
This nray sound a little technical to those of you who have not woi'ked with bees. But you vvall find it very interesting if you will put on a beebonnet and get your beeman to open a hive for you and point out these few simple items. Then for your ovra prac- tical purposes, make note of the colony that he feels is representa- tive of the lot. On bright sunny days, observe the rate at which the bees come and go. A strong colony will present a very busy appearance.
7. How many colonies are needed per acre of bog?
One colony should take care of 5 acres of bog, if it is set up at the edge of the bog or on the bog and if the population of wild polli- nators is anywhere near normal.
8. Are spray applications of in- secticides and fungicides repellent to bees?
Tests* conducted in 1948 and 1949 showed that Ferniate, Zer- late, and other fungcides applied during the bloom period were not repellent to honeybees. In fact, plots so treated set a larger crop than did the unsprayed check plots.
DDT and other organic insecti- cides applied during the bloom period proved toxic to honeybees.
and there was residual toxic effect on bees for several days. Avoid the use of DDT during the bloom period.
9. Can I reduce the expense of bee rental by offering my property to a beekeeper as a year 'round pastujre for his bees?
*Filiner, Robert S. 1949. Cranberry pol- lination studies. Amer. Cranberry Grow- ers' Assoc. Proc, August, pp. 14-20.
Probably not. In most localities, the longer the beekeeper has his colonies in the cranberry district, the greater is his lost opportunity for making high-grade market- able honey. In some years there is a good flow of clethra honey fol- lowing cranberry bloom, but it is rather uncertain. In sonre sections the bees regularly do well enough to maintain themselves in good strength and build up adequate stores for ovei-wintering. Perhaps in these areas, they might in some years make enough extra honey to provide for overwintering other weaker colonies in the beekeepr's possession. But the honey made in the bog region, except that from clethra, is likely to have an acrid flavor. Accordingly, the straight rental arrangement is usually the most satisfactory for both parties.
(Failure to refer to the excellent arti- cle on "Honeybees as Pollinators of the Cranberry" by C. L. Farrar and Henry F. Bain, which appeared in the January 1947 issue of CRANBERRIES, was con- trary to the authors' plans. Cranberry Growers interested in pollination should by all means be familiar with this val- uable paper. — R. S. F. and C. A. D.)
Flooded With Mail
(Continued from Page 7
corresponding period last year, a twenty-nine per cent increase over the 1951 total. All indications now point to an early clean up of sup- plies at favorable prices to grow- ers and distributors alike.
March of Progress
Local advertisers are the people who lead in the things that keep a city moving forward in the march of progress.
Edaville, with all the beauty and glamour of Mother Nature combined with the colored lights and tremendous displays, trans- forms into a magnificent fairyland for young and old. Begin- ning December 5 thru January 2. A sight you won't want to UTiss.
South Carver, Mass.
Thf Estate of the late Ellis D. Atwood
(Off Route 28)
Nln*
"I PUT BY MY CHART AND CLASS, TOOK TO RAISING CRANBERRY SASS"
No More Remarkable Group of Cape Skippers Left Sea for Cultivation of the Fruit than those of Harwich — From Them Came Many Developments, Including the "Early Black."
By CLARENCE J. HALL
(This is the 16th in the Series of Historical Articles)
"There's nothing- to me in foreign lands
Like the stuff that grows in Cape Cod Sands;
There's nothing in sailing of foreign seas equal to getting down on your knees and pulling the pizen ivy out;
I guess I knew what I was about when I put by my chart and glass and took to growing cranberry sass."
This old Cape Cod rhyme by Captain Bill in "Attune" could be aptly applied to an unbelieveable number of the Cape's shipping masters and sailors of the middle decades of the past century. Yet it so well symbolizes the remarkable group of Harwich cranberry men, of this particular period that this seems a good title to give this installment, mostly concerning the captains Alvin and Cyrus Cahoon, Captain Nathaniel Robbins and Captain Zebina Small, the captains Abiathar and Nathaniel Doane, Captain James N. Atkins and others. Henry Hall, Captain Alvin Ca- the cranberry did not need so
boon, Captain Cyrus Cahoon, Captain Small and Asa Shiverick, were the ones O. M. Oliver nani'ad in his oft-referred-to speech :f 1883 as the real pioneers in cran- berry cultivation on Cape Cod, and to them the growers of the present (1883) are indebted for their suc- cess," he said. This "Harwich group" beyond any doubt were sires of the industry.
Very likely their stories should have been told earlier in this his- tory although they have been mentioned and the account of Asa Shiverick already given, but this point in the cranberry chronicle is where they seem to best fit.
While the stories of lesser men have been told first, several of these men began to turn to cran- berry cultivation early; Alvin Ca- hoon began in 1864, Cyrus Cahoon, his cousin, one year later, Cap- tain Zebina H. Small in 1847, Cap- tain Abiathar Doane also made a first attempt in 1847, Captain Nathaniel Doane "about the time of his bi'other," Captain Robbins, 1852-53. From which this group the industry definitely learned that
Taa
much water as was first thought, that cranberry vines should be set :loser together than had usually been done and there was developed the Early Black.
Since Captain Alvin was the First of the group to build a cran- berry bog, he may be first con-
Crfa'i Alv'n and the First True "Cape" Bog
.41v'n Cahoon was born March *" "■"'^. or about the time Henry Hall made his discovery of sand '"'■ "ines and made known, as far a? can be established, the first cultivation. He early took to the ?ea, as did most Cape boys of any "spunk" of that period.
When Captain Alvin began cul- tivation in 1846 near his home at Pleasant Lake, which is in the town of Harwich, he is generally credited with having built the first bog in the true "Cape Cod fash- ion." The NEW YORK EVE- NING POST on Novem'ber 5, 1873, reported "The first improved bog for the commercial cultivation of cianberries was made by Alvin Cahoon of Harwich. This was the
first sanded and level-floored bog." As early as 1852 the Cranberry Committee of Barnstable County Agricultural Society said "Captain Alvin Cahoon has done as much for cranberries as any man on the Cape, and he gets an average yield of one bushel to the rod which makes the good, round sum of $560 per acre."
Captain Alvin in his own state- ment for a premium to this So- ciety wrote in 1851 :
Twelve years since, I pur- chased for $100, twenty acres of land, including a bush swamp of about two acres. The swamp, I did not value more than S5 at the time pur- chased, the nvud being from six inches to three feet deep, beneath which was white sand.
In the Spring of 1846, I cleared off the brush from about seven rods and set it . with cranberry vines in hills, 18 inches apart each way. The first and second years the vines grew well and bore a little. The year past the average crop was one and cne- quarter bushels per acre; more set in 1847 yielded in 1848 six bushels; in '50, 25 bushels; in '51, 54 bushels.
Since 1847 I have set about 50 rods each year and they are all now in flourishing con- dition.
Produce of one-quarter acre for three years — 96 bushels at $2.75 per bu., $261; net profit for three years $196. Cahoon Impirsssed by Hall's Success Historian Deyo wrote in his his- tory of Barnstable County, that in 1844 and 1845 Captain Alvin was sailing- a packet from North Den- nis (now Dennis) where Henry Hall had the first bog. He was greatly impressed by the flourish- ing condition of the Hall cranberry vines and berries. He apparently felt that the beach sand of Dennis had special qualities for he is said to have sometimes ordered his farm wagon hitched up and driven over when he had completed a voyage and brought back quan- tities of the sand. He not only (Continued on Page 12)
Mt&aals
Vol. 17 - No. 7 ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1952
^,H^^«)WlCM<.80«r«^
rHANKSGIVING — A TIME TO PONDER
ipURKEYS, as utilized by the Pilgrims, ' were "wild", as were the cranberries, ""oday both are cultivated. The combina- ion, however, remains, which is one thing ve have to be thankful for at this time of 'hanksgiving. The use of cranberries has Iso been more extensively associated with hicken. Another thing to be thankful for.
We are in no pessimistic mood as con- erns the cranberry industry, nor really iiything else. But occasionally it is good or one to just maybe relax and think. We ike that old-fashioned word, so seldom leard today, which means the same thing —to ponder.
It has been more than 300 years since he landing of the Pilgrims, and the real leginning of the United States of America, vliracles, equalling that of the loaves and he fishes, have come to pass in that span )f three centuries.
The very season of fish, meats, fowl, fruits and vegetables have ceased to exist, IS seasons. Nothing is out of season today. Thanks to science, there isn't a day but what any of us — if we have the price — can aave for dinner almost anything that our esire may be. Fruits in canned or frozen "orm, meat or fowl.
We are living in that "push-button" ige. If it is dark and we want light, we push a button. If we are cold and want warmth, we push a button. If in summer we are too warm and want coolness, in many a place a button can be pushed, and we have coolness. If we want music, we push a button. If we would see things far away, instantly, as they are happening, we 'push another button". If we, in' our phys- cal persons, wish to be in another place than we are, we "push a button", or some- body else does so for us, and we are on our way.
We hear, see and eat around the world, as our whimsey dictates.
Physically we are better off than ever before. We are living longer. In bygone days we were "old" at certain years, while today we are "young" at the same age.
Spiritually, whether we are better off or not, is for a wiser person than we to say. Are we happier? That is a question best individually answered. And, again, this is something for which there is no precise measuring stick.
Do we know that we are happier and
3RANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $8.00 per jremr
Advertieine rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
N e w .1
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
ersey Cranberry and Blueberry Pemberton, New Jersey
Station
more content with life than our forebears? How can we know what their thoughts were, as masses or individuals? Not all, not many, left a written word to tell us. To all, a good Thanksgiving.
TT has been said that work is one of the blessings of life. If this is true, all agri- culturalists have plenty of that blessing for which to be thankful. The population of the nation by 1975 is expected to be 190,- 000,000. To feed this enormous number of people is the challenge facing the Amer- ican farmer. We know cranberry growers will do their share.
EUv*a
Cranberry Sass
( Continued from Page 10) brought the sand, but often trudged home with a crocceus bag filled with Dennis vines.
This would have seemed to have been unnecessary, as vines cer- tainly grew wild in the Pleasant Lake section of Harwich and there was plenty of white sand around the margins of the ponds. Long Pond there, sometimes called Pleasant Lake is the largest pond in Barnstable County, containing more than 700 acres.
However, Captain Alvin riding the wagon filled v^dth Dennis beach sand, or making his way on foot over the miles between Den- nis and Pleasant Lake with the bag full of vines over his shoulder, certainly provided a direct link between the origin of cranberry culture at Dennis to Harwich. Many regard Harwich as the birthplace of the real commercial cranberry growing. If from any group of men and from any place, genuinely commercial and on a relatively large scale cranberry growing may be dated, it was from the mid-century Harwich group.
Robert H. Gaboon, grandson of Captain Alvin has said that Alvin planted in the Spring and in watery mud. 0. M. Holmes said of both Captains Alvin and Cyrus: "They ran away with the idea that cranberry vines must be im- mersed in the water to grow and bear fruit, therefore they allowed the water to renrain on the bogs. They had three or four years of not too much success. "About the year, 1850," he continued, "they found, by experience, that cran- berries did not need so much water, and that peat, muck and sand were the elements needed for cranberry cultivation. They then drained the lands, and commenced what may be termed the cultiva- tion of cranberries and were very successful, although very cautious, thinking there would never be a very extensive market for the fruit."
Captain Alvin's Canal
This draining of Captain Alvin's bog was considerable of an under- taking and the story of how it was
accomplished has been told by his grandson. His bog was not at big Long Pond, but at round, smaller Seymour's. He decided the pond water was too high in level for his bog which was near the pond beach. He conceived the thought of lowering the waters level by a canal from that pond to Hinckley's pond, less than a quarter of a mile away.
Seymour's had no outlet, but Hinckley's did, to the ocean through the so-called Herring River at West Harwich. He had noticed consideirable seepage from Sey)- mour's to Hinckley, as the latter was about two feet lower. He thought a ditch five feet wide would do the trick, but it was necessary to dig through rises nearly thrity feet high. It was nearly thirty feet high. It was for a century ago, although a mod-
ern steam shovel would have cut through in almost no time.
With wheelbarrows, the aid of two hired men and his small sons, Alvin started in to do so, in the Fall of 1852. Neighbors naturally scoffed at the idea and would vol- unteer no help. But all that Win- ter he and his small crew shoveled, , the boys, after school, and it was I completed on April 1st of the fol- ! lowing year. Possibly he con- sidered April Fools Day a good date upon which to confound his doubters with completion of the project. Celebration at Canal Completion It was made the occasion for a celebration, and neighbors of Pleasant Lake and from nearby villages were present, and it is told there was the ringing of bells and the blowing of horns. With the realization that the canal had
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Deen done, the captain was reim- bursed by some of his neighbors who would benefit by the general lowering of the water-level. The water table settled rapidly and in three weeks Seymour's pond was two feet lower. After this date other bogs were built at Pleasant Lake.
To continue with the story of Alvin, before going on to Cyrus, he continued as a grower until his death, July 7, 1883. He won numerous prizes at Barnstable County Fair for his fruit. Rather IK Idly, he did not take to cultivat- ing the Early Blacks, but chose "fancy" late native varieties that ^old more readily then than they (l<i today.
Emulous Cahoon
Emulous A. Cahoon, his son, born in 1848, went to sea, fishing about 15 years and then carried on the cranberry business of his father. Emulous, in the business at least half a century, sold both berries and vines, some of the lat- ter going to Connecticut and Wis- consin. Captain Benjamin C. Ca- hoon was another who was early a skipper and then grower. James F. Alvin, brother, was a successful urower and his son, Patrick H., still one more. Alvin's grandson, K. H. Cahoon, fcr many years was a Boston newspaperman, but has returned to Pleasant Lake and is a cranberry grower. (The writer is indebted to the latter for much information.) Another of the present Cahoon growers at Pleasant Lake is Archillus Cahoon.
First and last the Cahoons, whose immigrant ancestor was Scottish (there are many of Scotch descent on the Cape) have done more than their bit toward furthering the cranberry.
The bog that Captain Alvin built, and known as the "Old Swamp Bog," until recently, was owned by the late Mrs. D. A. Clark, great granddaughter of Cy- rus.
Captain Cyrus was born Janu- ary 21, 1810 in the eastern part of Harwich, a descendant of Wil- liam Cahoon, emigrant ancestor from Scotland. His early story is similar to so many other Cape Cod boys — he went to sea at eleven. Little is known of his
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maritime activities however, ex- cept that he made long voyages, probably on coasters and not fish- ing. He was once shipwrecked but the details are lost. He early manufactured lamp black at Pleas- ant Lake, purchasing charcoal in the south and then at Pleasant Lake, at what he called his little "lampblack factory," turned the charcoal into the lampblack. It was sold chiefly as a paint base. This activity may have accounted for much of his seafaring, as he is known to have often voyaged to the South.
He was an auctioner, real estate agent; he knew the value of every wood-lot for miles around — he settled estates, he bought prop- erty, he was a Justice of the Peace, for twenty-one years he was associated with the Cape Cod Five Cents Savings Bank.
In 1871, under legislative au- thority. Chief Justice Brightman of the Barnstable Superior Court, appointed Wendell H. Webb, Cy- rus Cahoon and Asa A. Lovell to make a description and record of the titles and bounds of the lands in Mashpee on the Cape rightfully held by owners under the "set-off" to the proprietors of that district in 1842. This work required 1,114 days — at five dollars a day. Was a Fastidious Man Captain Cyrus was a man of
more than medium height, and in later years he permitted himself a growth of white whiskers. His eyes were blue. He is remembered as wearing a coat which he kept around him with a piece of rope; yet he was fastidious. Winter and Summer he wore white woolen socks, knitted by his wife, Lettice, and would wear no other shirt than white ones, also made by Mrs. Cahoon. Ho neither smoked, drank nor used tea or coffee, drinking "cambric tea," which is hot water, sugar and milk. He kept an account book, corrected to a penny every day, and a diary, which unfortunately has been de- stroyed.
When, in 1847, he prepared and set with wild, selected vines, about a quarter of an acre, he was living on the shore of Long Pond. This bog was near his house, just a little way from Long Pond, but it was flooded from Black Pond, still another body of water of the Pleasant Lake section. As to his method of bog building, he ex- plains it in a letter to Mr. East- wood, dated December 3, 1885: Dear Sir: Yours of the 1st instant has this moment been received, and in reply I would say:
1. My cranberries are grown on a soil of peat muck and loose beach sand (not common
TUrtMS
earth) which I am convinced is the element for cranberries to grow in.
2. I plant my cranberries in hills eighteen inches apart, by making a hole in the ground about three inches in diameter, and of sufficient depth to receive the roots of the plants; then after placing the vines in their places, I am careful to have them opened, and the soil placed in such a manner so as to spread the hills all around to the sides of the hole that is made to receive them, so that the hills after they are set resem- ble a saucer placed in the ground and partly filled with earth. If they are set in a bunch in the middle of the hole, and the soil is placed or filled in close around them, it keeps them too close or com- pact to do well.
3. My cranberries that I de- pend on are surrounded by wood and brush, sa that they are not opened to winds and are warm; such a situation, I think, is much to be pre- ferred to one that is cold and bleak.
4. I flood my prerr.'ises at the time the worm makes its ap- pearance, and no other time.
Yours in great haste, CC Cyrus Frost Flowed in 18.55 Captain Cyrus "flooded his prem- ises at the time the worm makes its appearance, and no other time," but the experience of but a few years more had taught him to also flow for frost. Persons still recently alive can remember Cyrus, when frost threatened in the Fall, as looking at his ther- mometer and going to pull the flood gate. Wisdom had caused him' to locate his bog where there could be no failure in water sup- ply, and although his bog was flowed from Black Pond, it was so situated that he could divert water from Long Pond into Black Pond, turning that into a never- failing reservoir.
From this quarter acre he soon expanded to eight or nine acres, not a large tract, or at least so considered in the latter years of
Fourto«a
his life, yet he worked it so well that he produced crops of seven and eight hundred barrels. He was a large enough producer, so that sometime after the railroad had progressed past his door and be- side his bog, the trains were stopped to pick up his berries. A long loading platform was built there by Cyrus, and some of his neighbors also shipped from this special shipping point. This is said to have been the only such plat- form along the line.
He was a large enough grower that it so happened, (presumably before this platform was built) that a new hand he had hired made a flattering error. That was in the days when "C. C." or "Cape Cod Cranberries" was commonly stamped on the head of all cran- berry containers. This helper loaded on the berries at the sta- tion which were marked "CC" on a train as berries of Cyrus. He assumed the 'CC" meant Cyrus Cahoon, and therefore all the fruit waiting shipment was that of Cy- rus.
Captain Cyrus Cahoon
If Captain Alvin is to be given entire credit for finding out that cranberries do not require as much moisture as many of the first growers believed, Captain Cyrus Cahoon, was not slow to catch on to the idea, and was the earliest next to Alvin at Pleasant Lake to benefit from this discovery. Pos- sibly the two worked the theory out together.
The name of Captain Cyrus Ca- hon is one of the first three or four which occur most frequently in any account of cranberry pion- eering. For half a century he was one of the sturdiest pillars of the industry, his fame extended far from his native Cape and he was one to whom many came to learn the reason for his success. How- ever, his greatest claim to cran- berry fame is that of the "devel- oper" of the Early Blacks vari- ety, which probably came from a careful cultivation of the natural "Bell" cranberry. Certainly it was he who did most to establish the value of that favorite berry. That he deserves all the laurels for that achievement may be somewhat in doubt, as will be discussed in the
next chapter.
(To Be Continued)
Drainage and Irrigation
(Continued from Page 4) very ancient such as faggots, brush, logs, poles, straw and stones. Many years ago an Englishman de- veloped a special plow, known as the nioel plow, which makes a hole in the ground at the desired depth up to about thirty inches below the surface. The mole forced the soil into a ring around the hole which will held its shape up to ten years in a few soils but in most soils it is only good for two to five years. Tile drains of various types have also been used for many years. In peat soils there may be some movement of the tile due to frost or shrinkage :f the peat, and therefore should be laid with boards at the joints. A more re- cent development is perforated orangeberg pipe. This conies in eight foot lengths, which is a con- venience in installation but gen- erally it costs more than tile. The most recent devolpment which has not been used on farms but has been studied in the laboratory and on experimental farms is per- forated plastic tubing. This tub- ing is attached to a mole plow and pulled into the soil. The cost of tubing and installation is less than the cost of tile and instal- lation.
From the above it is evident that drainage should benefit the cran- berry grower by (1) developing deeper roots so there would be less danger from drought (2) give bet- ter response from fertilizer, (3) give better quality of fruit, and (4) produce larger crops.
Irrigation is the application of water to the soil regardless of the method-flooding, furrows, sub-irri- gation or sprinklers. Irrigation is frequently necessary in sections whi"h have a pood annual rainfall but, a poor distribution. There are a number of sections in the world which have a precipitation of forty to sixty inches per year but during the growing- season there may be relatively little rain. This situation occasionally occurs in the cran- berry sections.
Generally it is assumed that irri- gation is relatively new, but like drainage it was started before maH;
made records. The remains of some of the ancient irrigation systems have amazed some of our modern engineers. Before 2000 B. C. there was an artificial lake in Egypt which was over fifty miles in cir- cumference. Very extensive irri- gation systems were built many years ago in Mexico and south- western United States. The Mor- mons were the first to work out extensive irrigation in this era and Utah has ever since been known for its irrigation investigations.
Irrigation is useful in humid regions (1) where the crop has a high value, as for vegetables and small fruits near large cities (2) where the quality of the crop is nmch reduced by unfavorable con- ditions (3) where the scil is very sandy (4) where the supply of water may be very cheaply applied to the land, as in the diversion of streams to adjacent fields, usually meadows. Of the above (3) definite- ly applies to cranberries; (1) ap- plies as to the value of the crop; (2) could improve the quality if properly timed and used, but would reduce the qaulity if improperly timed or used; (4) would only be true when irirgatisn was obtained by the flooding method.
Of the four methods of irrigation previously mentioned, the furrow method is nartioularly adapted to row crops and orchards with a slope and is of little or no use to the cranbej-ry growing and for that reason the advantages and disad- vantages are listed. The ad- vantages are (1) The system is permanent. (2) This system uses the least water. (3) There is no cbstruction on the surface. (4) There is no vine damage. (5) This method encourages deep rooting of plants. (6) There is very little ex- pense for superivsion of the dis- tribution of water. (7) The system may be used as a means of drain- age. The disadvantages of sub- irrigation are (1) Sometimes roots enter the pipe or tube and plug it. (2) Because of the slow move- ment of water horizontally in soils a large number of pipes is re- quired. However, in cranberry soils to get adequate drainage the pipe may have to be close together and if these pipes can perform a dual purpose cf drainage and irri- gation this may be a method which
should merit further consideration.
The overhead system of irriga- tion requires a pressure system. The amount of pressure varies from twenty pounds up, depending on size and type of nozzle or per- forated pipe. Some nozzles will cperate over a range of pressures which gives increased area covered with increase in pressure. The ad- vantages or the overhead system are (1) Irrigation may be obtained at the desired point. (2) The ap- plication of water is easily con- trolled by valves. (3) The system may be used for frost protection. (4) Fertilizers and possibly insecti- cides may be applied. The disad- vantages of the overhead system are: (1) The capacity is limited. (2) The oiiginal cost and the main- tenance costs are high. (3) Port- able systems, unless used on dikes, injure vines.
Flooding, as an irrigation method, is especially employed (1) where the crop occupies the entire area.
such as in grain fields and mea- dows; (2) where the soil is of medium porosity and does not bake seriously on drying; (3) where the surface is relatively flat; and (4) where the supply of water is rela- tively large. This method cf irri- gation is one well suited to cran- berry production and is used ex- tensively in Wisconsin. It is also used to some extent in Massachu- setts but seldom used in New Jer- sey.
The advantages of flooding are:
(1) The water is easily handled.
(2) There is no mechanical injury to vines or berries. (3) This method is especially suited to crops which are not injured by very short exposure to sta.iding water. The disadvantages of flooding are: (1) Large quantities of water are required. (2) Over irrigation often occurs which requires improved drainage.
There are two types of flooding. One method is to turn water onto
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a Section and allow it to stand until it is absorbed oi- until the soil air stops bubbling out, at which time the excess water is drained away. The second type of flooding is ob- tained by a moving sheet of water or a series of small streams from field supply ditches or small lift pumps.
(EDITOR'S NOTE) This article was prepared for CRANBERRIES bv F. B. Chandler at the request of the editor. The writer did not place his name under the title as the article does not express the result of his research but rather it is a summary of material published in text books on soils and irrigation. How- ever, application to cranberry culture has been supplied by the writer.
Research Aids Our Forest
Next to the soil itself, our greatest natural resource is our forests. We waited a long time to become concerned over the ex- ploitation of this source of fabu- lous wealth. Our grandfathers were busy conquering a continent. Our fathers finally began to take stock of the situation about 50 years ago, and it is only within comparatively recent times that we have put science to work to help us use our forests intelli- gently.
Early research in forestry re- flected the tenrper of the times. It was concerned chiefly with measuring forest products and estimating volumes of standing timber on a given tract of land. It was used mainly as a tool in the exploitation of our timber, re- gion by region.
The next era was one of awakening, and forest research turned to finding the minimum re- quirements for keeping our forest lands productive. Experiments in many parts of the country proved that forests can be managed so as to produce annual crops through selective cutting. Small holdings now provide a worth- while supplemental income every year to many farmers.
In some areas, however, millions of acres of forest land have be- come barren without any hope of natural reproduction, because all seed trees have been destroyed. For these lands, research has found ways to grow young trees in nurseries, transplant them, and
Sixta«n
make them live. Planting ma- chines have been developed that save up to 50 percent of the usual planting costs.
Besides getting trees to grow on denuded areas, we are also learn- ing how to make them grow faster. Hybrid poplars in Maine are yielding four times as much wood per acre as native poplars. A cross between eastern and west- ern white pines is twice as tall as either parent at 7 years of age. Crosses between several species of southern pines are giving hy- brids more useful and, in some cases, more vigorous.
Forest Range Management Much of our forest land is also range land. Almost half the en- tire continental area of the United States is range land, and this vast empire has sufl'ered from overuse. Research has shown definitely that the ranges respond to good man- agement.
A grazing experiment in Colo- rado with beef cattle gave annual returns per section of land of $735 for moderate grazing, com- pared vnth returns of $484 under heavy grazing. Desert ranges in New Mexico are now producing almost twice as much beef per acre under good management as they did 30 years ago under poor management.
In some areas good manage- ment nrust be supplementd by re- seeding, and our experience has been very encouraging. Reseed- ing on many western ranges has increased the supply of forage from 5 to as much as 20 times. So far, about 8,00,000 acres of pri- vate and public range have been reseeded.
Closely related to research on forests and ranges is that on watershed management. This re- search has contributed to the de- velopment of a national policy of soil and water conservation. This policy has already been reflected in legislative recognition of the role of upstream lands and condi- tions in downstream water and silt troubles and the adoption of Nation-wide programs to remedy these troubles on a watershed basis. — (Report of U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture).
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AUTOMATIC FROST IRRIGATION SYSTEM
"One nice thing about cranberry- growers," says Ralph E. Tidrick, County Extension Service, South Bend, Washington, in his bulletin "The Cranberry Vine," is that there is always someone trying to do a job in an easier way."
He then goes on to explain how John O'Hogan, West Coast grower didn't trust himself to hear the frost alarm bell of his irrigation system, so he worked up a way to start his gasoline pump automat- ically. This is a set-up involving electrical relays and solenoids.
"Just looking over the system it appears to me that it offers pos- sibilities, but only for those peo- ple who have enough water for a long stretch of sprinkling, and one with irrigation that don't lose their prime between sprinkling," he adds, but he imagines the in- ventive grower would be pleased to explain his system.
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The New England Cranberry Sales Company is made up of several hundred average producers of cranberries who are vital factors in the success of their cooperative.
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POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
"CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING PAYS BIG DIVIDENDS!
Reasonable Rates on Request
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Good producing bog wih excellent water and sand. Property has home and large acreage. To see this and other good cran- berry properties see
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor - West Harwich
Route 28
Tel. 1195
CORRUGATED BOXES
of Special Design
Manufactured for cran- berry growers for over fifteen years.
J.&J. Corrugated Box Corp.
Fall River, Mass. Tel. 6-8282
Cranberry Growers
Always Especially
WELCOME
to
Visit and Ride
THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD
South Carver, Mass. Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood
Western Ficfiers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Isn't it a grand and glori- ous feeling when the berries are all picked and the screen- ing is all over.
Nothing to do but wonder how much you will net on this year's crop — laze around a little — and wonder what the next year is going to be.
But certain things have to be decided on soon — or be- fore you know it, its too late.
One of these things to de- cide is whether or not to get a Western Picker this next year. Getting good help every year is just about get- ting you down.
You've heard so much about the Western Picker this last five years that you have heard all the selling Points.
But this year its different. Only $790 for a much im- proved picker. Or if you haven't that much all at one time, $50 down with the order and $250 upon de- livery. Pay the balance plus a small financing charge af- ter your berries are in next year. How could you buy anything easier?
For five years now West- ern Pickers, Inc., has been serving the Cranberry Indus- try. It has made growers mechanically picking con- scious. It has also shown the Industry new methods, new ideas and cost analysis. It has done all the pioneer work and will continue to head up new ideas.
AVhy don't you order your Western Picker now while the price is down.
(ADV.)
GYPSY MOTHS ARE AGAIN THREAT TO MASS. GROWERS
The success of the gypsy moth aerial spraying of two or three years ago in Plymouth and Barn- stable counnties in Massachusetts is being endangered by small out- breaks of the moths in the towns of Plymouth, Sandwich and Han- over. This is a cause of wowy to cranberry growers.
This matter was discussed at a meeting of the Southeastern Mas- sachusetts Tree Wardens Associa- tion in late November. The associa- tion recognizes the fact that if the infected areas are not sprayed next season, serious results may may occur. Once the gypsy moths gain a foothold they spread rapidly.
While it is not known how the gypsy moths got into the sprayed, areas, it is believed they might have come in on cars or trains or have been blown in on high ther- mal winds. There has been no spraying in nearby Bristol county and other counties adjacent to Ply- mouth, and these areas are heavily infested. Members of the Tree Wai'dens' association reported they had received information that there would be moth spraying in adjacent areas this coming year.
American Weekly to Run Feature on Cranberries
American Weekly, one of the largest of the nationally-syndica- ted Sunday newpaper supplements, ran a colorful fe:.ture on cran- berries in its issue for November 30.
Entitled "Make the Most of Cranberries," American Weekly's food editor. Amy Alden, gives her 20,000,000 readers eight cranber- ry recipes including one on Cran- berry Cheese Cake, topped with candied cranberries, which is shown in full color.
An unusual feature of the cran- berry cheesecake is a cake base made of crumbled pretzels, which lend a flavor similar to that of chopped nut meats.
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Marine Appliance Co.
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Lawn & Garden Equipment Co.
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H. M. Christensen Co.
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Wenham Garage
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Crowell's Lawn Mower Service
75 lyanough Road Hyannis, Mass.
IWI WASHINQTON 8««« WEST KBWTON O, «A8t.
Two
Mass. Cranberry tatioii and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The cranbeny industry was well-iepresented at the Massachu- setts Farm Bureau Outlook Confer- ence held at the University of Mas- sachusetts Nov. 15. One of the fea- tures of the conference was the presentation of commodity reports by the department heads of the University. Dr. Chester Cross, head of the Cranberry Experiment Station, prepared and delivered an excellent report, taking into con- sideration the deliberations of a group of cranberry growers that met prior to the conference. The c:mplete report is as follows: The Situation —
Production: The Massachusetts cranberry crop this year, which early in July appeared to be an all- time record crop of over 700,000 bbls., actually totals about 440,000 bbls. or 25 percent less than last year's crop. Heat, drought, insects and lack of general bog mainten- ance are responsible for the loss of over 250,000 bbls. Elsewhere in the nation, cranberry production this year is about the same as last year. The acreage and the number of cranberry growers in Massachu- setts remains about the same as a year ago, most of them convinced it is better to increase production per acre rather than build new cranberry bogs.
Marketing: The condition of the cranberry market has continued the improvements noted during the last two years to a point where stabil- zation has been achieved. Prices this year are higher than last year reflecting the shortage of cranber- ries. The industry feels that pres- ent prices are high enough, and that any further increase would threaten the strong market. The marketing season for fresh-fruit in Massachusetts will be a little shorter than last year, and the sup- ply cf fresh cranberries for Christ- mas will be limited.
Trends: Bog maintenance work has been substantially increased and needs to be continued. In the long run, Massachusetts production will continue to rise while the acreage of cranberry vines will probably remain about the same. Production in 1953 looks substantial in all cranberry areas. •■
The water table in the cranberry area has been falling with alarm- ing regularity due probably to an increasing use by municipal water works, as well as to the scanty rainfall. Water supplies for Winter flooding are limited — a situation that could reduce next year's bright prospects. Production Problems —
Labor and Mechanization: Very considerable progress has been made in devising and adapting ma- chines to cranberry bog operations. Only continued progress in this di- rection gives promise of solving the acute labor problem. Although
the- importance of Puerto-Rican labor has- proved successful during- the- last two years, and the assist- ance of the Massachusetts Divi- sion of Employment Security was very helpful, it is felt that these. devices are of only temporary as- sistance in a major problem whose final solution will be achieved only with the discovery of machines cap- able of doing the heaviest work. Some growers have had success in sharing labor crews and machines.
Considerable progress in mechan- ization has been achieved in the last few years: for example — air- craft applications of insecticide concentrates and fertilizers, har- vesting machines of various designs, ground machines for raking, prun- ing and fertilizing, and power equipment for sanding. Research personnel and growers are urged to use their ingenuity on these and such other features' of bog oper- ations as the gathering of floats, ' the cleaning of ditches, and irriga- tion.
Irrigation: The very heavy crop losses attributable to the severe drought of June and July, 1952, have made it imperative that cran- beri'y growers and research person- nel discover some means of protect- ing future crops from similar dam- age. Tbe Departments of Agricul- tural Engineering and Agronomy of the University, as well as the
Beaton's Distributing Agency
May we wish each and every one an old-fashioned Christmas filled with bound- less joy.
Wareham, iVlass.
Tel. Wareham 130 or 970
&ape Qad Q^an.B^eA.UU
Tlira*
growers, are cooperating already with the Cranberry Station in the design and testing of various sys- tems for irrigation. It should be noted that the Soil Conservation Service is available to give engi- neering and surveying advice and assistance to the growers who are interested in developing irrigation facilities, establishing reservoir dikes and securing grades and levels.
Cultural Experimentation: Pre- liminary experiments with insecti- cide concentrates applied by air- craft show great promise for eco- nomical insect control, and further work in this direction is indicated. Other phases of insect control, the weed control research program, the study of water relationships in bog soils, and cheaper methods of fer- tilizer applications all require close attention and we at the Station are laying emphasis on these problems. Dr. H. F. Bergman, U. "s. D. A., for over 20 years a student of dis- ease problems in cranberries will retire next September. We hope to have a pathologist appointed to continue this valuable work in cranberries and other fruits. Forecasts —
Frost Forecasting: Considerable progress has been made by the younger men of the staff in carry- ing on the unique frost forecasting service developed by Dr. H. J. Franklin.
Keeping Qaulity Forecast: As in the last few years, two keeping quality forecasts will be issued from the Station at times when they will be useful to growers as guides to the management prac- tices best suited to the raising of quality fruit.
Drought Forecasts: Because of this year's heavy losses, an at- tempt will be made at the Station during the next growing season, to forewarn growers when weather conditions appear to be too dry. This work will, of neccessity be preliminary in nature.
Winter Injury Forecasts: When and if Winter-killing conditions, or oxygen deficiences develop in Winter flooding waters, warnings will be issued from the Station. Varieties —
Research on the hybrid, seed- lings and varieties has progressed to the stage where it is hoped the
selections can be reduced to 20. This work is in progress and coin- cides with a comparable eliniination job in New Jersey. Gypsy Moth —
The aerial ei'adication programs carried out in 1949 and 1950 in Barnstable and Plymouth Coun- ties were so successful that the Gypsy Moth is no longer a major pest. The treated areas are in im- mediate danger of reinfestation from Bristol, Norfolk, Suffolk and Dukes Counties. The gain in for- est value, in appearance to vaca- tioning visitors and to cranberry producers is difficult to measure, but it appears to be very great by comparison with the cost of treat- ment. It would sem reasonable to suggest that State and County of- ficials meet to appraise the prob- lem on a State-wide, or possibly New England-wide basis and enlist federal assistance to maintain and extend the excellent work already accomplished. Forestry —
Since much of the forest land of southeastern Massachusetts is owned by cranberry growers, and could with proper management be- come an additional source of in- come to the growers, we suggest continued study of outlets for for- estry products and urge forest owners to consult with their County, District and Extension Foresters to these ends. Marketing Problems —
1. Quality Fruit: At this confer- ence a year ago, a strong recom- mendation was made that growers ship only their best quality, well- colored fruit to fresh market. The Cranberry Growers' Mutual strong- ly supported this recommendation. Perhaps as a result, this year's first carload shipment left Cape Cod later than ever before, both quality and color were good, and it is felt that this procedure has helped to strengthen the fresh mar- ket.
2. Packaging: Research at the Station on the keeping quality of cranberries in the various con- sumer packages will continue this year. The results of this work, combined with industry's studies of consumer preference, should indi- cate with some finality, the best package.
3. Crop Reports: The New Eng- land Crop Reporting Service has for several decades estimated with great accuracy the cranberry crop in mid-August with a second esti- mate released about October 10th. It appears now, on the basis of 1952 (difficulties, that a crop estimate in mid-September would be of great value to the industry, partic- ularly to marketing interests.
4. Market Reports: Growers are pleased with the radio and news- paper reports of the market situ- ation and movement of the crop, is- sued by the American Cranberry Exchange.
5. Trends: The standards and re- quirements of both fresh and pro- cessing outlets are being steadily raised to the point where high quality fruit is in great demand. Since there exists a strong trend in the direction of prepared foods, the fresh-fruit cranberry market is likely to decline in volume. The maintenance of a high-volume fresh market depends on the quality of fruit shipped to it.
The processing market, being aligned with the consumer trend, is due t3 increase, but the quality of fruit demanded for whole-sauce and cocktail is such that they, too, must have a large volume of high- quality, uniformly-coloi-ed berries. The pressure is on the grower to raise well-colored, long-keeping berries. Speaking from the stand- point of climate, geography, and
(Continued on Page 9)
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May the bright- est star shine over your home this Christmas with light and warmth.
I" PEACEDALE '
AT EDAVILLE
MRS. ELLIS D. ATWOOD SO. CARVER
ISSUE OF DECEMBER ISS2-VOL. t7 NO. 8
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, 13.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-ofTice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
The Massachusetts harvest was finished early this year, and by the end of October, in practically all instances, considerably earlier than last year, when picking was prolonged.
Crop was of good quality, it turned out, pretty much as Dr. H. J. Franklin indicated in his last quality forecast. In the future this will be done by Franklin's successor. Dr. Cross, "Dick" Beat- tie and others at the Experiment Station. Thanks to Dr. Franklin's work in figuring out the means of making this forecast. Dr. Cross believes that it is now a depend- able factor in cranberry culture, giving growers and others inter- ested this desireable advance in- formation.
Crop, generally speaking, was pretty well cleaned up by Thanks- giving. Opening price for Howes was S25.00 a ban-el. This price was slumping a bit around Thanks- giving, but only in a few instances, it was reported.
Of course the Massachusetts crop was much smaller than the August forecast indicated, only 440,000 barrels, according to the November estim'ate.
November was an unusually warm month, the temperature av- eraging about two degrees a day above normal. It was also a dry manth, total rainfall being 2.07 inches. There was one heavy rain on the night of Nov. 22, an inch falling. This helped matters some, but growers were going into De- cember with reservoirs altogether too dry. Some growers did not have enough for a winter flow.
Most owners of bogs which are flfowable,, however, had their flume planks in by Dec. 1.
The warm November, in the opinion of those at the Experiment Station, would not have much in- fluence on either the size or qual- ity of the production of 1953. The sunshine factor for the year just ending was about normal. This suggests to Dr. Franklin neither an enormously large crop nor an unusually small one. However, there is the factor of the drought of last summer, which cut the '52 crop so much. A heavier produc- tion is apt to follow such a drought, as the vines have not produced, and so have stored up vitality.
April was a warmer than nor- mal month as was September. The fact that these two months were abnormally warm usually means a mild, winter. The more open the winter the larger the crop is apt to be, but naturally, no one is making any predictions about '53 before '52 is ended.
The coldest day of November was on the 8th with a reading at the State bog' of 18. The warmest day was November 1, with a read- ing of 68.
NEW JERSEY
Cutts Brothers are continuing the replanting of bogs on their Goose Pond property. Anthony Colasurdo is also replanting some acreage.
The Crand.on vine pruner was tried out at the properties of S. Switlik, Ethelbert Haines & Broth- er, and Isaac Harrison. A con- siderable number of growers as- sembled at the Haines' property on November 24th to observe it in
action.
Cranberries are packing out more finished product this fall than usual, especially the Howes variety. A number of growers are getting two barrels out of five field crates (40 quarts). Most Early Blacks were shipped by Nov. 1. The packing season has been favorable because of the very few days when there was high humid- ity.
There is continued activity in raking and pruning the bogs prep- aratory to winter flooding.
C. A. Doelhert Weath€(r Report
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing the month of November was normal in regard, to temperature but precipitation was considerably more than norrtral. The average temperature was 46.4, the exact norm for November. The precipita- tion was 5.07 inches, which is more than 50 per cent greater than the normal of 3.23 inches.
At Chatsworth, records kept by William S. Haines show that the weather was identical to Pember- ton's with respect to temperature, but was even wetter. The total precipitation was 5.58 inches, 2.34
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls. Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insuranco
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
f«T»
inches of which fell on the 22nd.
The area experienced its first snowfall on the last day of No- vember, 1 inch at Pemberton and 2 inches at Chatsworth.
P. E. Marucci
WASHINGTON
Weather
D. J. Crowley of the Cranberry- Blueberry station at Long Beach writes under date of December 2, that there is little news other than that permanent topic — the weather. There was really about everything thrown at the growers in 1952.
There were more frosts in Wash- ington cranberry sections than any season since 1922. This succession of I6'# temperatures held the vines dormant from two to three weeks later than usual. The vines did not bloom until about the 10th of July except on young bogs. Blossoni was still hanging' on to- wards the end of that month.
It is almost a fixed rule that if there is a late Spring, the season is behind all the ' way to harvest time. No heat waves bccurred dur- ing the summer except for a rare day or two, temperatures ran along about 60 degrees. This short growing season and lack of ef- fective temperature shows up in the size of the berries. This year's crop proved no exception and
there was a high percentage of pinheads and undersized berries. In addition to the cool weather there was a remarkably dry season first of December. Several growers who water scoop still had a good part oftTieir crop unharvested.
During Thanksgiving week there were several days that the temper- ature was below 20. Growers sprinkled night and day where suf- ficient water was available. Even so, .. there was a considerable am'ount of injury, since the mini- mum was 17 on one or two morn- ings. On one bog visited in De- cember, one where harvest was in progress, examination of the ber- ries indicated that less than five per cent were softened as a result of the freeze.
Late Harvest
Harvest was expected to con- tinue until December 10th at the least.
Late Market Notes
On November 28 American Cran- berry Exchange was completely sold, out of all varieties, all areas. On the 26th ACE had gone off the market on Eastern Late Howes. All the crop was expected to have been shipped out by Decemiber 13th.
Based on Council allocation ACE
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CHRISTMAS GREETINGS |
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TO ALL |
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Eben A. Thacher |
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Brewer & Lord |
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INSURANCE |
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40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. |
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Telephone: Hancock 6-0830 |
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should have received 222,000 bar- rels, but as near as can be figured the total was about 215,000. Some units were unable to make the percentage delivery they had plan- ned. ACE needed and could have sold more berries, it is reported.
Average price to be paid is ex- pected to be a big success. Next year another campaign along the lines of WINMOR will be sched- uled. The season showed also the fresh fruit market is far from dead.
For November as well as Octo- ber Ocean Spray sales went over 1,000,000 cases, to build the biggest sales on record, it is announced. In the past ten years sales of Ocean Spray have climbed from 263,996 cases in 1942, to 705,525 in '52 for the months of October and November, or the sales for this period have increased 213 per cent.
Because of the trend away from large inventories in outlets, there is no future buying represented in Ocean Spray fall this year, it is felt by NCA.
It is our fondest wish to all our friends that this
CHRISTMAS brings all good cheer and also a peaceful New Year.
H. A. Suddard Inc.
FORD TRUCKS INDUSTRIAL ENGINES WAREHAM. - - MASS.
?«?
TALKING CRANBERRIES IN EUROPE
By CLARENCE J. HALL
Mrs. Hall and I have recently returned from a trip to Europe — England and France. We don't know exactly how we can reconcile cran- berries and Europe. But we found that cranberries were not unknown in Europe. The American kind, we mean.
We found that in the shire of Dorset, which is in the southei'n part of England, the native cranberries are picked every Fall and served at the table about our Thanksgiving time. These, of course, are not the American cranberries. They are the variety of Europe, Oxycoccus Vac- cinimum, not as \arge or handsome as our American cranberry, Oxycoc- cus Macrocarpus.
The berries are picked in the fens, we imagine over most of Eng- land. People pick them much as they would pick native blueberries or any other small fruit, such as wild strawberries in the Spring.
Some people we talked to thought cranberries were the whortleberry, which they are not, according to American usage of the word. Dutch Cranberry Sauce
In England we were given a can of Dutch cranberry sauce which says on the label "Bruinvos Con- serven, packed by Hollad, Vossel- man, Nunspeet. Cranberries in Sugar Syrup. Choice quality pro- duce of Holland."
This can was given to us by the former Maxine Urann, daughter of Carl B. Urann of NCA. She now lives in Hastings. Hastings is close by the sea on the English Channel. She is married to an Englishman, John M. Baldry, whom we did not meet as he was at work as a solicitor (lawyer). We are most grateful to her for giving us this can of sauce.
We have presented it to Dr. Henry J. Franklin to see what he thinks of Dutch cranberry sauce.
Incidentally, Mrs. Baldry just happened to see the can in a gro- cery and bought it out of curiosity.
Again in London we talked cranben'ies with Mr. and Mrs. Les- lie J. Cocke. Mrs. Cocke is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward A. Besse of Wareham, Mass. Mr. Besse is the president of the Ware- ham Savings Bank. Mr. Cocke had been to Wareham, Mass., and had seen the bogs in the Cape area. Of course, Mrs. Cocke was inter- ested to know what was going on in the cranberry world as she has many friends in the industry. We spent a very pleasant evening with this couple, one at their apartment and another in our hotel lounge.
In travelling you meet many peo- ple ,if you are of a friendly nature at all. You are generally asked what your occupation is, and of course you ask in return what is the business of the person you are talking with. When we said we
OUR COVER DESIGN
Nine and one half miles from Salisbufry, County of Wilts, England, is that most wonder- ful circle of great stones high on a hillside. Known as Stone- henge. What was it's origon or purpose scientific research has not yet definitely deter- mined.
It is considered the stones have been in position for more than 4,000 years. They were possibly erected in the Bronze Age, by a tribe from the Con- tinent, and, of special interest to agriculturists is that this is believed to have brought agri- cultural ideas to England. The stones were obviously connect- ed with some observation of the sun, perhaps with sun wor- ship as one purpose. To the northeast of the circle is "Friar's Heel," or Hele Stone over which at the Summer soltices at dawn on the 21st of June, the sun rises when viewed from a center Alter Stone. Other stones mai-ked the rise of the sun at the Win- ter solstice and again in mid- Summer.
We were told that whatever these early people were; Druids, Celts or the tribe from the Continent, they used these sun markings as times to plant and to harvest their crops.
were an editor, the query was of what kind of a publication. So we ,. "would reply we run a small trade 'journal for the cranberry industry. .;Then many did not know what a cranberry was, so that gave us a chance to explain all about cran- berries and cranberry growing. Paris, and Snails
In Paris we even talked cranber- ries with a French restaurant keep- er who spoke practically no Eng- lish and we spoke practically no French. But we managed to get along by drawing on bits of paper and by sign language. He intro- duced us to a new fruit, a tomato which comes from South Africa.
He also introduced us to a dish which we do not think we will care to eat again. This was "Escagof which to you is snaik. The prep- aration of snails is very intricate. The meat is carefully removed from the shell, boiled and then placed back in the shell with a touch of garlic and cognac. Then with a special little tool you eat the meat. We were so ignorant about the whole process that he practically had to feed us. The taste was not worth the efl'ort. But no one is supposed to go to Paris without eating snails. Anymore than not to go to the Folies Bergere, or not go to the Lourve and see Mona Lisa. We did those things.
One morning very early this gentleman, whose resturant was the A La Bonne Maison, 17 Rue Mo- liere, and just across the street from our hotel routed us out of bed to take us to the "Halles." That is the huge Paris market, where housewives, restaurant keepers and it seemed nearly everyone goes to buy the food. They carry baskets over their arms and roam around picking out the kind of food they want.
The Market Place in Paris The place consists of several huge buildings and is a madhouse. The French like to bargain over prices and at every stall there was going on a fierce argument. At times we thought there would be blows, but it was really all good natured. The place was running with blood as slaughtering had been going on. We remember particularly one huge boar, covered with black hair which had just been gutted. He was not a pretty sight.
Sevep
Chickens were penned in crates, squeezed in as tightly as possible. Live fish were flapping in tanks of water. There were the crayfish from Africa from which come the lobster tails so-called which we have eaten with Wisconsin cran- berry growers. There were tanks full of octupus legs or arms, which- ever you choose to call them. Ap- parently the French eat these, too. Of course there were all kinds of vegetables and fruits, masses of flowers but not a cranberry.
Our host sho.iped with extreme carefulness as to price and quality and finally had his basket full of supplies.
Right: — Your Editor explores a by-way in Wareham, England, while the rain poured down.
Below: — The thachedroof cottages of the English countryside are beautiful.
(CRANBERRIES Photcs)
Cranberries, and The Mayor of Wareham
Oh, yes, let us skin back to Ware- ham, England, for a moment. Nat- urally we visited the old home town
for which Waieham, Massachu setts is named. It is one of the quaintest and oldest towns in Eng- land. There was a settlement on the site occupied by the town in the days cf the early Britons. The Romans also had a settlement and the walls they built which encircle the town on three sides still stand. They are now only grassy mounds underlaid with clay. In 866 the Danes made their headquarters there. From 827 the town was fortified and during the next cen- tury it grew in importance and act- ually had two mints of its own for the coinage of money.
But we digress t:o much with his- tory. At Wareham we called upon the Lord-Mayor, Harry S. Brown. He autographed two booklets of the town for ous and posed for his photograph in the pouring rain, for it was a miserable day. We talked cranberries with him, f:r he is well familiar with them. Two years ago a man from Wareham, Mass., made a visit there and took over a package of Ocean Spray products and a copy of CRAN- BERRIES. So the Mayor was in- terested in cranberiies and asked us a number of questions about where the fruit is grown and so- forth. We had a very interesting little visit.
No Cranberries on Shipboard Coming back on boat, new M. S. Maasdam'" of the Holland-Ameri- can line, there was a great variety of food. There would be a seven or eight course breakfast: morning coffee, a large lunch, afternoon tea and cookies, a heavy dinner and then at 11 o'ckck sandwiches were SPi^ved to those who were still up. There were trays of peanuts and pretzels and a tiny kind of cheese ;ake. Fruit was handed out in end- less quantity to eat at the table to take to your stateroom or eat on ieck. There were apples, oranges, grapes. However, net a bit of cranberry sauce was served on the ship, even with chicken or turkey. (Tsn't the'e a suggestion for some- one in this omission of cranberries fror.i the ship's menu ? )
This is of no particular concern ns to cranberries, but comin-y back ve ran throurj-h eight solid days cf storm. The boat rocked and pitched. More than half the 800 passengers were ill. Some stayed in
their cabins the entire voyage. We must be good sailors as we were not sick once, either going or re- turning. Going over on the sister ship the "Ryndam" on the last day and night we ran into such a storm the ship had to alter course. Dur- ing the night there was a tremen- dous crash and the next morning we were told thousands of dollars worth of china in the dining room had been broken.
On our ship coming back there were a great many who were imi- grating to live in America. It seems America is still a land in which Europeans want to live. The ship was a babel of tongues, Ger- man, Swiss, Hindu.
We had to learn English cur- rency in Britain, francs in France and On the boat for the first six days out only Dutch guilders could be used. So suddenly we had to learn to figure in guilders, ti make any purchases on the ship we wished, such as tobacco or to get a shave and haircut.
In New York 'Chicken and Cranberries"
Back in New York at a restau- rant we ordered fried chicken, and lo and behold with it was cranberry sauce. So we guess we will agree
with Miss Stillman of NCA that "chicken and cranberries are the team that is clickin' ".
And we will say it did seem mighty good to get back to Amer- ica again.
Mass. Sta. and Field Notes
(Continued from Page 4)
varieties, the Massacuhsetts grow- er is in a strong position to supply such fruit.
NCA Payments
It is announced that National Cranberry Association in mid- December is paying a $2.00 ad- vance, checks going out at that time. This makes $9.00 paid to date on 1952 berries.
It is also announced the 1951 pool has been closed and members will receive 74 cents more a barrel in cash and $1.30 in capital stock. This makes a total paid on the '51 berries of $13.04 ($1.30 of which is in stock).
The 100,000,000 work days lost each year because of arthritis is eaua! to an army of 320,000 em- ployable persons out of work at all times.
A. D. MAKEPEACE CO.
V/arsham,
Nine
CRANBERRIES ARE FEATURED IN AD, 12,623,667 COPIES
The cranberry industry is re- ceiving a big boost in a four-color ad which is appearing in six nation- al magazines. The ad is for Ford, trucks and features their use on cranberry bogs.
Across the top of the ad is a sscene of Tihonet bog of the A. D. Makepeace Company of Wareham. A Ford truck is at the bogside while a yellow Piper cub os making a low dusting run over the vines. Partly inserted in this scene is a picture of Russell Makepeace of the ADM company. The Makepeace cranberry interests use 27 Ford trucks as well as other cranberry equipment powered by Ford In- dustrial engines. "Russ" Make- peace, wearing a cranberry red tie, holds in his hands several cellophane packages of cranberries. Below that is a shot of a Ford truck backed up to a cranberry packing house.
H. A. Suddard, of the H. A. SuddradC ompany,. Inc., Wareham Ford distributors, has received a letter of appreciation from the J. Walter Thompson Company, the agency which prepared the ad, for his cooperation in getting material togethere for use in getting the photographs.
This ad appeared in "Country Gentleman," in "Progressive Farm- er," and "Farm Journal. On Dec. 1 it came out in "Time," and on the same date in "Newsweek." On Dec. 6 is was reproduced in the "Satur- day Evening Post." The combined, circulation of these publications is 12,623,667 copies.
FRESH CRANBERRY CONTEST BRINGS 10,000 STUDENTS
Over 10,000 students of home economics from approximately 700 schools throughout the country have entered the recipe contest sponsored jointly by the Fresh Cranberry Institute and manufac-
turers of home freezers.
Both high schools and colleges are represented by the students aompeting for 21 cash awards, with six home freezers to ebe awarded to the Home Economics of the schools they attend.
The latter will include the new- est models of Westinghouse, Inter- ntional Harvester, Frigidaire, Ben- Hur, Kelvinator and Sanitary.
Competition centers on the de- velopment of recipes using fresh- frozen cranberries or those made from fresh cranberries and. adapted to storage in home freezers.
According to the Fresh Cranber- ry Institute, the cranberi-y is re- garded as one of the fruits best adapted to home freezing, and it is for this reason that the contest
is being staged.
A grand prize of |500 goes to the winning student, with 20 other cash awards to runners-up.
ARE WE BEING SPOOFED?
"We have a National Cranberry Week, a National Dog Week, a National Cage Bird Week, a Na- tional Crochet Week. Why not at least a National Bus Driver Day to honor the guy who all year long gets us in one piece to where- ever we want to go?" So writes a well-known columnist. Is he a- kiddin' us of our annual harvest celebration and queen contest?
Arthritics lose $967,680,000 in wages yearly.
THE EASY WAY
to install a pump
1.
Dig a hole. No cofferdamming, spiling, or pump- ing out. Just a hole full of water.
Drop in the pump right in its prefabricated set- ting. Just leave off the discharge pipe and drive pulley.
Backfill the hole; add the discharge pipe and pulley; belt on the power and
4. Pump.
For Pump settings as for flumes, see
R. A. TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant
Tel. Carver 64-11
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Tra
Vol. 17 -No. 8 ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1952
\^^^"»^"«««»«c«J^^
SANTA IS GOOD TO AMERICA
iJANTA CLAUS, we presume is interna- * tional. But, if so, he must have a special )lace in his heart for America. We base his upon our experiences during our recent rip to England and France, described else- vhere in this issue. He surely has blessed IS with more physical comforts, at least, han either of those two countries.
In the States we generally accept cen- ral heating as a commonplace. Certamly A-e of the middle class do. In England and n France central heating is a rarity. We ,vere cold in private homes m both coun- ries and in hotels. Little bits of fireplaces n the rboms threw out scarcely any heat. We shivered and shook. When we got back o New York we basked in the even heat ot :t hotel room. In our own home we telt vvarm as a king.
There is plenty of food in both England and France in restaurants, if you have the price to pay for it. But we pitied the poor English people with their rationed bits ot meat and eggs. We do not see how they stand living on such a meager diet as is available to the ordinary householder. We at our house, have as many eggs, as much bacon, as much toast and as much frmt =uice for breakfast, as we wish. So do you, we imagine. We drink as much tea as we rare for While we were in England tea went off ration for the first time in 12 years This was big headline news m the papers. We in this country can buy good sau- sages In the hotels of England they serve a forrible sausage for breakfast The skin seems to be made of plastic and the interior of sawdust. Yet the Englishmen eat the 2us™ They have to, if they want a sub- stantial'breakfast. They do have cereals, but they are American cereals.
Getting back to heat. The times, bit ot wood for a fireplace, a bundle which will not burn more than five minutes costs two Slings, or 28 cents. Again the govern- menlhas a most annoying habit of shutting off the heat electricity at odd moments to conserve coal. This is usually in the morn- in<^ while you are trying to dress by the side of a small electric heater.
Cigarettes and tobacco are outrageous m price. The English often buy their cig- arettes in packages of five or ten. This is all they can afford at one time.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSSTTB
Subscription It.OO per yaar
Advcrtiaine ratei upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington-Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
Enough, Santa is good to America.
It would appear Santa has been espe- cially kind to the cranberry growers this year. Or, maybe the successful season now "ending was not due to Santa at all, but to hard work all around within the industry. And good judgment.
From us to you, a Merry, Merry Christmas.
EUvM
The Use of Liquid
Fertilizers on the
Increase
Although many farmers cannot use liquid fertilizers, it has been demonstrated in experiments at the Massachusetts State Bog and on privately owned bogs that cran- berry growers may use them either in their flood water or in the insect sprays, thereby greatly reduce the cost of application and the damage resulting from dry application.
More than a million tons of fertil- izer were consumed in the United States in 1880. Since that time, fertilizer consumption increased a little more than 100,000 tons a year up to 1940. Between 1940 and 1950, with annual consumption in- creasing to approximately 1,000,- 000 tons, more than 18,000,000 tons of fertilizer were consumed. The increase has been greatest in the
southern and western sections of the country.
The first commercial fertilizers were organic or high in organic matter. Recently most organic matter, such as bone meal, fish meal, dried blood, and beet pulp, has been removed from the fertil- izer trade and sold as animal food. With an increase in the consump- tion of fertilizer there has been a very rapid change from organic fertilizer to inorganic or synthetic organic fertilizers. As organic sources are relatively low in plant nutrients, the change has re- sulted in higher analysis fertilizers until double strength is very com- mon, with some farmers using even triple strength. Since the inor- ganic ingredients are much more soluble than the organic, present- day fertilizers are more soluble than those of forty years ago.
Soluble nitrogen fertilizer was used about thirty years ago in Hawaii in irrigation water in sugar
Liquid Fertilizer Ex|H'1 iiiu'nt at State Bog looking toward the reservoir.
Twelv*
East Warehanv, Mass.,
cane fields because the plants were too large to permit the passage of conventional fertilizer spreaders Nearly twenty years ago, liquid ammonia or anhydrous ammonia was used in the irrigation water in the western states. From this be ginning the application of liquid fertilizers has increased rapidly, more materials have been used, and more methods of applying liquid fertilizer have been developed
Liquid fertilizer is used in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Hawaii, and throughout the United States ex cept the Northeast section. The irrigated lands in the West and the cotton farms in the South have been the greatest consumers of liquid fertilizer. Large amounts have al- so been used on corn and many other crops. Liquid fertilizer is sold in barrels or in large quan- tities, such as tank railroad cars and tank trucks. The small gar- dener may purchase it in gallon bottles, and for house plants in smaller bottles. In Mississippi nearly 25 percent of all the nitrogen utilized is in liquid form. In sec ti:ns where liquid fertilizers are used in quantity, the cost is us- ually below the cost of a corres- ponding analysis of dry fertilizer Furthermore, the application of fer- ti'izer in the flood water or in in- sect sprays greatly reduces the cost of application.
Anhydrous ammonia is generallj applied with special equipment as a side dressing or added to the flood water. When applied in the flood water, it is usually added through a meter or through an: opening of known capacity, or the cylinder may be weighed to deter- mine the rate of delivery. The ap- plication of nitrogen is definitely related to the time the water is in contact with the soil. Therefore there will be slightly more applied near the ditches. Sometimes this' is noticeable, and sometimes it is not. Anhydrous ammonia contains 82 percent nitro2:en and is usually applied at about 25 pounds per acre. At this rate it suplies 20 pounds of nitrogen per acre, which is equivalent to 135 pounds of ni- trate of soda or 100 pounds of sul- fate of ammonia per acre.
Ammonium nitrate is a very soluble dry fertilizer and can be dissolved for use as a liquid fertil
izer. However, since this material and other nitrates will burn when sprayed on the foliage of cranber- beris, the results of its use in flood water on cranberry land are not sufficiently well-known to discuss here.
Urea contains about 44 percent nitrogen and is very soluble. Usual- ly sold under a trade name, it is used extensively as a spray by orchardists and vegetable growers. It is applied in orchard sprays and for some of the vegetables at the ate of five pounds per 100 gallons of spray. With potatoes the rate may be as high as 20 pounds per 100 gallons. With cranberries, urea ihas been applied at rates fr:m five pounds per 100 gallons up to inearly 420 pounds per 100 gallons. (Forty-five pounds of urea would •supply nitrogen at the rate of 20 pounds per acre. If this were ap- plied with an insect spray to be sprayed at the rate of 450 gallons iper acre, ten pounds should be ad- ded to each 100 gallons of spray. If the bog is to be psrayed with 250 gallons per acre, 18 pounds should (be put into each 100 gallons. The greatest concentration of urea was tried to determine whether it could be applied by airplane at the rate of about five gallons per acre to supply half the nitrogen, that s, ten pounds per acre. No detri- mental effects were obtained by a Fall application, and a five-gallon icate of application would give nearly ten pounds of nitrogen per acre.
As most growers desire to apply phosphorous, sources of this ma- terial wil be considered in addition to the preceding discussion of ni- trogen carriers. When using anhy- drous ammonia, phosphorus may be supplied from phosphoric acid, i colorless liquid usually shipped n carboys or stainless steel drums; in large quantities, it may be pur- shased in tank trucks or tank cars. The phosphoric acid is supplied in :wo grades: fertilizer and food ?rade, both quite high in phos- phorous. Thus far, phosphoric icid has been applied at the rate )f 90 pounds per acre. When urea s applied with the insect spray, ;he phosphorus may be supplied 'rom normal or triple superphos- )hate. To date, this has not jlugged the nozzles, although the
Liquid Fertilizer Experiment at State Bog, East Wareham, Mass., look- ing toward the bog.
material has a few fairly large par- ticles.
There are several ammonium phosphates that supply both ni- torgen and phosphorous. These compounds are very soluble and may be added to insect sprays ap- plied from the ground in sufficient quantity to supply nitrogen at the rate of 20 pounds per acre and phosphorous at the rate of 40 pounds per acre. These com- pounds, already applied to cran- berries experimentally, have the advantage in that one compound contains both the nitrogen and the phosphorous.
Potash salts should not be applied in sprays because they have given some burning in nearly every ap- plication. Although berries do not respond much to potassium, the element is essential and should nol be withheld for many years. Ex- periments have shown that heavy
applications of potash may be ap- plied one year and omitted for several years. Potash salts have been successfully applied in the flood water by hanging a bag of muiiate of potash in the water flowing onto the bog. Anhydrous ammonia and phosphoric acid were added to the muriate of potash. However, as potash has been suc- cessfully applied at the rate of 200 pounds of potassium oxide per acre at the State Bog and no more potash applied for five years, it may be best to apply potash dry and omit it in the flood water.
BE A SUBSCRIBER TO
CRANBERRIES
Thirtam
New Ocean Spray Recipe Book Is Out
National Cranberry Association has just issued a most attractive new Ocean Spray recipe book of cranberry dishes for holidays and. special occasions. The booklet has 23 pages, plus outside covers, all events being thoughtfully indexed at the front of the book.
The holidays start with New Year's and end with Christmas. There are also recipes for wed- dings and showers and buffets. The book (of which a photograph of the cover is shown) is handsomely il- lustrated mostly in full color, in which cranberries, of course, pre- dominate. The book is available to the public for 10 cents and. an Ocean Spray coupon.
THREE NEW VARIETIES OF BLUEBERRIES
On December first the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bu- reau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Belts- ville, Maryland and the New Jer- sey Agricultural Station. New Brunswick, New Jersey, issued the following notice to fruit growers and nurserymen relative to the in- troduction of three new blueberry varieties— "Earliblue," "Blueerop" and "Herbert":
The EARLIBLUE 15-121) is a seedling resulting from a cross of Stanley X. Weymouth. It was se- lected in 1943 at Weymouth, N. J., and has been tested and propa- gated in subsequent years. The Earliblue ripens about with Wey-
mouth, from a day or two earlier, to a day or two later. The berries are much lighter blue and much firmer than those of Weymouth. They are somewhat larger and con- siderably better in quality than Weymouth. So far Earliblue ber- ries have not cracked and have held on the plant very well. The clusters are open and loose. The bush is much more vigorous than that of the Weymouth. Earliblue is nr;ductive and easy to propagate. The BLUECROP (17-19) resulted from a cross of GM-37 (Jersey X Pioneer) XCU-5 (Stanley X June) and was selected in 1941. The fruit usually ripens about three days later than Stanley and three days before Berkeley. The berries are lighter blue than any other except Berkeley. They are firm, a little larger than Jersey, good in flavor, with a slight aroma. The scar is exxeptionally jjood. The berries are not subject to cracking and hold on the r'lant well. The clusters are :pen and medium loose. The bush is vigorous, with somewhat slender growth when young. The plants are exceptionally productive and are moderately easy to propogate. The HERBERT (V-25) resulted from the cross Stanley XGS-149 (Jersey X Pioneer), the same joa- rentage as Berkeley. It was se- lected in 1938. The fruit usually ripens about with Jersey, Rubel; and Dixi, a few days later than Pemberton and Atlantic and a few days earlier than Coville. The ber- ries are ab^ut the same color as Jersey, Rubel, and Dixi and darker than Coville. They are firm, fully as large as Berkeley and Coville and have a fine blueberry flavor, equal to the best. They are not subject to crackinp'. The clusters are loose. The bushes are vigorous and pro- ductive and are easy to propagate. Plants are available from coop- erating growers. Neither the Bu- reau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering nor the New Jersey Agricultural Experi- ment Station has plants of these varieties for sale. For sources supply contact G. J. Galletta, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, New Jer- sey.
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are the chief causes of death among children aged 5 through 19.
FvurtMa
"LOOK" RECIPE HAS CRANBERRY LIME RELISH
"LOOK" magazine on December 2nd carried an article upon "Gift Foods in 10 Minutes," in which there is given a recipe for, and a color picture of a new Christmas relish made with fresh cranberries and limes.
The recipe is as follows: Cran- berry-Lime Relish: Wash one lb. fresh cranberries; cut 3 limes into quarters, remove thick white tis- sue at center, leave skins on. Put cranberries and limes through course blade of food chopper. Add 2 cups of sugar, stir — and that's all. Store in the refrigerator.
The inspiration for the cran- berry-lime relish, and other good things for Christmas came from Lord & Taylor, the "LOOK" ar- ticle says.
"LOOK" has 20,650,000 readers, so this was another good boost for cranberries.
We are indebted for this account to Ester Burke of "LOOK" who sent us advance tearsheets.
Late News From New Jersey
Enoch Bills, manager of the Bordentown Plant of the American Cranberry Association, says that New Jersey Howes have been sounder and of better canning qaulity this year than for many years back. He shipped 250,000 cases of strained and whole sauce in the month of November and is still shipping as fast as the sauce can be turned out. For Army and Navy export, 10,000 cases of No. 10 cans of sauce (approximately Vz gallon) have been delivered to the government. The "Trading Post", Mr. Bills says, has sold more prun- ing rakes this Fall than for the past nine years, which is an index of the increased care growers are giving to their bogs.
FARMERS CAN UP PRODUCTION 20%
The U. S. Department of Agri- culture has released a study indi- cating that in the next four or five years farmers of the Nation could produce about 20 percent more than they did in 1950 and 18 percent more than in 1951, if there
is need for such a volume of fami output and provided that steps necessary to assure it are taken. This information was contained in a report on a study made to estimate agriculture's capacity to produce under conditions of need for large increases in farm out- put. Data in the report also will
[nmmijfuul
CRANBERRIES
MR. CRANBERRY GROWER:
You would be happier and better satis- fied in INDIAN TRAIL. Now is the time to investigate.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WESCONSSN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
Christmas — the close of a rewarding year — prelude to another year of health and prosperity. Happy Yuletide.
CAPE COD CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc.
17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth— 1760
FiltoM
be. used in laying- .the ground- work for future production goal programs.
The report of agriculture's capacity to produce in a defense period is the combined work of the Land-Grant Colleges and the De- partm'ent of Agriculture. Federal and State agricultural workers, thoroughly familiar with agri- culture in their States, prepared the report.
The report indicates that most of the increases in production could best be obtained through
adoption of improved farming practices and greater use of fer- tilizer and machinery, while labor requirements and acres of crop- land would remain about at 1951 levels.
Results of this study, which take account of recent research and testing, indicate that the South has the greatest possibility for increasing production, percentage- wise. The North Central, Moun- tain, Northwest, and Pacific re- gions follow in that order.
MAKE SANTA LEAP WITH JOY
By giving pleasure to yourself or a cranberry-growing friend through a subscription to CRANBERRIES. Keep informed on what is going on in 1953.
CHRISTMAS OFFER 14 months for $3.00
To CRANBERRIES Magazine,
Wareham, Massachusetts
I accept your special offer of a 14 months subscription to CRANBERRIES for only |3.00.
Enter subscription for:
It; Name —
i City, town : ;
if:
i State - _ _
!i Enclosed is
"FINANCING THE CRANBERRY CROP"
Bernard T. M-gGowan, a Na- tional Bank Examiner of the Of- fice of the Comptroller of the Cur- rency, U. S. Treasury Department, has been notified by the Graduate School of Banking that his the- sis, "Financing the Cranberry Crop," 'written as a requirement for his graduation from the School last June, is considered of such ex- cellence that it will be permanently placed in the libraries of the American Bankers' Association and Rutgers University. The Graduate School, conducted by the A. B. A. in cooperation with Rutgers, is a school of advanced study for bank- ers of officer rank. The significance of this honor to Mr. McGowan is indicated by the fact that of 338 thesis submitted by members of the class of 1952, only 38 were chosen for this recognition, ac- cording to Dr. William A. Irwin, associate director of the School and chairman of the Library The- sis Committee. "These 38 thesis were considered to be of such excellence that they are being made a permanent part of banking literature'', Dr. Irwin said.
To be approved for the Library, a thesis must first receive a rec- ommendation from a panel of ex- aminers specializing in the sub- ject on which the thesis is written. The recommendations are made to the School's Library Thesis Com- mittee, which, on the basis of the recommendations, the reports of expert readers, and the entire educational record of the student, acts upon them. By the means of this screening process, only thesis of particular distinction are approved for inclusion in the libraries.
The preparation of the thesis was only one of the requirements met by Mr. McGowan before gi-aduation from the School last June 27. He also attended three Summer sessions on the Rutgers campus in Ne wBrunswick, N. J., and did two years extension work at home. The Summ'er sessions are attended by over 1,000 bank of- ficers.
Suit*
Mr. McGowan's thesis, along with those previously accepted, will be available for reference after January 1 at the A. B. A. Library, 12 East 36 Street, New York City and the Rutgers University Li- brary, which are open to the pub- lic.
A condensation of Mr. Mc- Gown's thesis will appear in Present Day Banking — 1953, sched- ule for release shortly after Jan. 1, 1953.
An Ad
m CRANBERRIES
is your message placed before the in- dustry.
Advertising Does
Pay
Dividends
May the bright- est star shine over your home this Christmas with light and warmth.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 200
TEL. 1300
11
fi
In spirit of the herald Angels who caroled "Glory to the new Born King," we extend our sin- cerest Christmas wishes to you and those you hold dearest.
Tlie New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
vft
As the year ends . . .
Ocean Spray climb continues
n December 1, Ocean Spray civilian sales for the 11 months of 1952 were 3,856,257 cases, compared with 3,297,329 cases during the same period in 1951, a gain of 558,928 cases. (We are comparing only civil- ian sales and have excluded government business be- cause it is the civilian sales which reflect consumer demand).
Looking back 10 years, the gain is even more pronounced. 10 years ago. Ocean Spray sales for the year 1942 were 1,798,495 cases. But now consumers are using Ocean Spray in so much greater volume that this same quantity was sold in 6 weeks in 1952 during October-November !
We quote these figures to give growers added confidence that Ocean Spray's steadily expanding market is building an increased cranberry-eating habit that spreads through every week in the year.
Even this year, when we shall be short of cran- berries, we are not lessening our promotional activ- ities. We intend to keep the consumer demand ahead of the supply to assure the sale of larger crops which are surely on the way.
National Cranberry Association
THE GROWERS' COOPERATIVE
Hanson, Massachusetts
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass.
Tel. AR 5-6100, 5-6101
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
Tel. Rockland 1864
No. Hanover, Mass.
0 INTERNATIONAL Engines
• LAWRENCE Propellor Pumps
• DEMING Centrifugal Pumps
• McCULLOCH and HOME- LITE Power Saws
• NATIONAL Sickle-Bar Mow-
CHRYSLER
Inditstiial Engines
"HORSEPOWER %VITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
INSECTICSDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
FARM ENGINES NEED SPECIAL WINTER CARE
Most tractor and truck operators know how to cave for their equip- ment in Wintery but W. C. Krueger, extension farm engineer at Rutgers University, New Jersey, suggests some precautions that may be help- ful.
In the first place, he says be sure to renew the oil filter and change the oil to Winter grade if the equipment is to be used during
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Good producing bog with excellent water and sand. Property has home and large acreage. To see this and other good cran- berry properties see
Robert R. Larkin
Realtor — Route 28 West Harwich Tel. 1195
cold weather. At the same time change the transmission and dif- ferential lubricants according to manufacturers' instructions for Winter conditions.
Keep batteries charged as a bat- tery that gets low is easily dam- aged by freezing, and at low tem- peratures such batters have little starting power. If the operating- time is less in Winter than in Sum- mer, step up the generator rate or connect the battery to a separate charger during off hours.
During cold Winter it is particu- larly desirable to run the engine at a temperature of 160 to 180 de- grees. The radiator thermostat may need to be checked or a canvas c'lrtain can be used to limit the cooling area. Higher operating ef- ficiencies result from keeping radi- ator temperature up, and also crankcase dilution and carbon dc • posits are less.
After starting an engine in cold weather, don't stop it until it has been thoroughly warmed up. Fur- thermore, the engineer suggests, not load it or run it fast until it has had time to warm up.
The deer population in Massachu- cetts is increasingat a high rate each year which is causing a ser- ious threat of mounting damage to Massachusetts farmers — and to car owners, when deer appea;. anex- pectedly on the highway.
"If you listen to the "neverdo's' it's never done." — Lloyd George.
4.,.. I
Western Pickers
Inforporated 1172 Hsmbtk Avenue
Ceos Baif, Oregon
WHAT IS NEW
The ladies (God bless 'em) are now operating Western Pickers.
More and more women- folk have found it easier and easier to operate these pick- ers because these machines are being designed for bet- ter balance, better view and l)etter picking.
You will be surprised when you see this year's model and particularly when you see how it operates.
Several new patented fea- tures will be in operation on the Western Picker this year for the first time.
We are extending our low prices and easy payment terms to help you get a Wes- tern Picker for your Spring pruning.
Eventually, why not now?
(ADV)
Perforated plastic tubing has been used . experimentally for sub surface drainage in Iowa. Most of the experiments were conducted in the field and therefore give infor- mation on the behavior under field conditions. One, IV2, 2, 3 and 4 inch tubes were used in these experi- ments. These tubes had twelve quarter-inch holes per foot to re- ceive the water. The cost of this tubing is less than the cost of tile and the 'jost of installation is less.
This method of draining is par- ticularly adapted to cranberry bogs as the plastic tubes may be pulled through the sand layer behind a mole plow with relatively little damage to the vines. Two-inch diameter tubing should give both drainage and sub surface irrii^a- tion when used across the section. Tn bogs with shallow peat the mole plow could be gulled with a tractor. In bogs with deep peat or on b;gs which the owner did not want a tractor, the mole nlow would be vul'ed with a winch.
Dr. Chandler at the Massachu- retts Cranberry Station has been studying the investigations made in T-wa and ho"es to have experi- r-'^nts at the State Bog and at oth'^r b'lgs this Snring. In the ex- perirrents conducted in Iowa the land had a sloo of 1 to 3 percent. As theie is no slope in cranberry bogs the drainage tubes may have to be placed mu .'h closer together than thev were in the Iowa experi- ment. Studies reported by Dr. Chandler in the American Society for Horticultural Science indicate that the water in cranberry bog s:ils is only related to the water in the ditches about five feet from the ditf-h, and therefore the drainage tubes may have to be 15 to 20 feet apart.
"Every now and then a man's mind is stretched by a new idea and never shrinks back to its for- mer proportions." — Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Philosophers say we get out of life just what we put in — and this is also true of congress.
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Two
Mass. Cranberry Statiof! and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Mass. Industry Saddened
Massachusetts cranberry grow- ers were saddened by the recent deaths of two outstanding- men and loyal friends of the industry: Franklin E. Smith and Professor Fred J. Sievers. Mr. Smith divided his time between practicing law and i-aising cranberries. He was a charter m'^mber of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growei-s Association and served, as its legal councel for many years. He was a familiar figure at cranberry meetings and maintained a keen interest in the affairs of the industry.
Professor Sievers, retired Di- rector of the Massachusetts Ex- periment Station, will long be re- membered for his unusual ability as a public speaker and for his able administration of the Experi- ment Stations in the State. For the past twenty-two years, no meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association was quite complete without an address by Director Sievers. We, at this station, join with the many friends and associ- ates of these two men in extending our deepest sympathy to their re- spective families. Water Supplies Not up to "Snuff" The "nor-easter" in late Decern^ ber brought some relief to our di- minishing water supplies. A total of 3.-38 inches of rain was recorded for that particular storm by George Rounsville here at the Cranberry Station. We had only one other storm during 1952 that brought three inches or more of moisture and that come February 18. How- ever, water supplies are still be- low normal and many bogs were not properly flooded as of Jan. 1. We experienced some low tempera- tures over the Christmas week-end, but in the opinion of Dr. Chester
E. Cross, weather conditions were not severe enough to cause damage to exposed vines. If, however, we should have two or three days of low temperatures accompanied by high winds, we could expect some damage. Certain staff mem'bers at the Cranberry Experiment Station will keep posted on winter killing and oxygen deficiency conditions. Growers concerned about this prob- lem may phone this station or their county extension office during the week or the following men over week-ends: Dr. C. E. Cross, Saga- more 373R, George Rounsville, Waj-eham 1033R or the writer, Wareham 220. Whenever possible, cards will be used to acquaint growers on these matters.
Cranberry gj-owers who were present at the November Massa- chusetts Farm Business outlook conference heard vory complete reports on the agricultural sup-
plies and equipment situation. There are no critical shortages of those materials we use in this industry, towever, it is sound busi- ness as always to estimate normal requirements and place orders early, particularly for those in- terested, in purchasing- equipm'ent. Mass. Advisory Committee Meets The State Cranberry Advisory committee met at the Cranberry Experiment Station December 3 to assist the extension service in preparing an educational program for 1953. We had excellent repre- sentation from the four cranberry clubs. Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association, Directors of the Marketing Agencies, County Agents, University of Massachu- setts, and the Cranberry Station. It was agreed that our major em- phasis should be directed towards raising more ben'ies per aci'e, im- proving the quality of our package, and cutting production costs. The advice and counsel of this com- mittee is greatly appreciated. The following members were present: Frank Butler, Emil S. Jacques, Wareham'; Charles Savary, Cotuit; Arthur Hand.y, Cataumet; Asahel Drake, Harwich Center; E. L. Bar- tholomew, Wareham ; Russell Makepeace, Wareham; Ralph Tha- cher, Hyannis; Chester Robbins, Onset; Howard Hiller, Rochester;
Your top quality fruit paid you well this past shipping season. Top quality insurance always stands ready to "pay-off" —
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Ferris Waite, Plymouth; Robert Handy Cataumet; Allan Leland, Amherst; Arthur French, Amherst; F. E. Cole, Amherst; County Agents Dominic Marini, Arnold Lane and Harold Woodward; Dr. Chester E. Cross, Dr. Henry J. Franklin, Joseph Kelley and the writer.
Union Meeting at Worcester
County Agents Dominic Marini and Arnold Lane met with their County Advisory committees and are developing their educational programs ' for the coming year in- cluding a series of winter club nreetings.
The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association, under the leader- ship of President E. L. Barthol- omew, sponsored another fine ex- hibit at the Union Agricultural meeting held in Worcester January 6, 7, and 8. Gilbert Beaton was chairman of a special committee in charge of arrangements. The ex- hibit featured cranberries both fresh and processed and included samples of the various consumer- type package sold in their markets. The public also had an opportunity to view colored slides of our cran- berry ind.ustry as they visited the cranberry exhibit. The Association also participated in a Food Editors Luncheon held during the Union Meetings. It was sponsored by the Massachusetts Department of Agri- culture under the capable super- vision of Louis Webster. The major agricultural commodities produced in the Commonwealth wer.-i brought to the attention of the press and radion people working with foods. CCCGA to be Commended
We believe that the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association is performing a real service for the ind.ustry in sponsoring these ex- hibits and participating in Food Editors Luncheons. Certainly the growers and their wives who went to Worcester, set up the exhibit, and tended the booth for three days should be com'mended for their part in promoting our in- dustry at these New England wide meetings.
People who feel the need for a dictator always envision him as dictating to someone else.
Four
LIQUID FERTILIZER
By F. B. Chandler
The late Fall issue of the "Na- tional Fertilizer Review" arrived after the Decmber issue of CRAN- BERRIES was published. The "National Fertilizer Review" con- tained a table on the national nitro- gen supplies for 1951-52 and the estimated 1952-53 consumption. These figures estimated about 11 percent increase in the consumption of nitrogn in 1952-53. All nitrogen sources except natural organics show some increase but the great- est increase reported was in "Ammonia for Direct Application" which will increase 46 percent over 1951-52.
This type of fertilizer includes liquid ammonia, nitrogen solutions and ammonium nitrate used for direct application. This type of fertilizer made up 12 percent of all fertilizer used in 1951-52 and is expected to make up 16 percent
of all materials to be used in 1952- 53. These figures indicate the rapid increase in the use of anhydrous ammonia due to the saving pro- vided by a less expensive material which may be applied at a lower cost.
LEONARD MORRIS ON WEST COAST RADIO
Leonard Morris, Long Beach, Washington cranberry grower, was heard on the radio during the hol- idays. He was interviewed by Kay West on KEX, Portland, Oregon. Happening to drop in at the studio, after meeting visiting daughter, Patricia, who was on holiday va- cation from Washington State Col- ege, they found the chef of the show had prepared a cranberry pie. Mr. Leonard was asked to explain about cranberries.
OREGON CROPS UP IN 1952
Oregon berry growers in 1952, according to U. S. Agricultural Statistics, produced a total of 46,- 300 tons of strawberries, cane- fruits and cranberries, which is 45 percent higher than the relatively small production of 1951 and is the second largest on record. Total value of berries grown is placed at $13,109,000. With the exception of cranberries, 1952 prices some- what under the 1951 season. Com- bined production of all main crops reached 4,627,700 tons with a value of $284,508,000 which is a lecnrd high.
'I \t. l.iquKi icrtili/.rr being dumped from a flume. Lower: Fertilizer being used on a bog in spray form.
DAUGHTER OF MASS. GROWER IS MARRIED
Miss Catherine Handy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Handy of Cataumet, Mass., the latter be- ing one of Massachusetts' best- known cranberry growers, on De- cember 20th became the bride of Hans Englemann, son of Max En- gelmann of Wilmington, Delaware.
The ceremany was in the little, hstoric church at Cataumet.
Mrs. Englemann is a graduate of Middlebury College, attended the University of Wilmington and taught there. Mr. Englemann, a graduate of Haverfoid College, Pa., and Columbia University is a teacher of languages at Peekskill Military. The couple will live at Peekskill, N. Y.
ISSUE OF JANUARY 1953-VOL. 17 NO. 9
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3 00 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-o3'ice at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
The spirit of Santa Claus pre. vailed all December for growers, here. As a month, it was a good one for the Bay State.
The sunshine factor was up, the
month was warmer than normal
abuot three degrees a day and rain- fall was 4.99 inches, which was above normal, and was a good thing as water supplies had been extremely scanty all Summer and Pall.
Much Sanding Done
First part of the month was es- pecially warm, and the growers, encouraged by the success of the 1952 market went to work in earnest on their properties. This was es- pecially true in sanding. A tremen- dous amount was done. In sanding, it appears that wheelbarrows and planks are now taking a minor place.
A great deal of the sanding was done by mechanical means. That is, small tractors, or converted light cars, with a truck body, or trailer attached, were going out directly upon the vines. It is con- servatively estimated that at least 100 such outfit of truck, or tractor and flats were in use.
Observers said these did not ap- pear to be leaving much or any mark on the vines, although this was a practice generally abhorred until recently.
Winter Flooding Last of Month
Tlie surfaces of the bogs re- mained unfrozen, and on most bogs no attempt was made to flow until just before Christmas, in view of the warm weather. During most of the month with the bogs unpro- tectable because of little water, cold snaps causing damage, could have occurred — but did not.
Final 1952 Cranberry Figures
Final crop estimate of USDA of 1952, dated December 24th, shows production for the country as 796,000 barrels. This is 5 percent larger than the 10-year average of 709,660, but 13 percent less than the large 1951 crop of 910,300 barrels. Massachusetts and Washington crops were moderated below average and the smallest Since 1944. New Jer- sey was the largest since 1937 and the Oregon crop the largest on record.
Crop Reporting further said that "very hot, dry weather in late June and during July caused a poor set in Massachusetts on late held bogs. The dry weather also reduced the size of the berries. Fruit worm damage was worse than usual in Massachusetts. The season in New- Jersey was mostly favorable. July was unusually hot, but timely showers prevented extensive damage. A light set, dry weather and in- sect damage were the causes of the small crop in Washington.
Production in Barrels
States
Massachusetts New Jersey Wisconsin Washington Oregon
Five States
|
10-year |
||
|
average |
1951 |
1952 |
|
1941-1950 |
||
|
497,600 |
560,000 |
440,000 |
|
76,700 |
76,000 |
114,000 |
|
147,100 |
196,000 |
190,000 |
|
35,880 |
57,500 |
30,000 |
|
12,380 |
20,800 |
22,000 |
769,660
910,300
796,000
First Touch of Winter
On Monday afternoon, Dec. 22, just 24 hours after Winter began officially. Southeastern Massachu- setts had its first touch of wintry weather. At dusk, rain turned to sleet, and rain mixed with snow. Driven by winds of 40-45 miles per hour and more at moments of gusts, driving and walking condi- tions were extremely hazardous. Many areas in other parts of New England received snow which re- mained for several days. The pre- cipitation from Monday to Wednes- day, when the storm petered out was 3.30 inches. Every hour of this was extra dollars in the pockets of the growers. Water supplies were helped materially, and many growers had their planks in to save water for the Winter flood. Winterkill Warning
On December' 29, the first winter- kill warning, a new practice this
year, was prepared at the Experi- ment Station and sent out by Coun- ty Agents. It read:
"It is the opinion of Dr. C. E. Cross that weather conditions over the Christmas week-end were not severe enough to cause frost dam- age to exposed vines. However, two or three days of low tempera- turs, plus high winds at this time
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1 . Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Fiv9
could cause real damage.
"Certain staff members of the Cranberry Experiment Station will keep posted on winterkilling and oxygen deficiency conditions.
"Growers concerned about this problem may phone the Cranberry Experiment Station during the week, or Dr. Cross, George Rouns- ville or J. Richard Beattie over week-ends.
Ice Forms End of Year
Floods were on most bogs that could be flooded before January 1, and ice formed, sufficient for skaters on such bogs, as owners permitted skating and. ponds. There was no opportunity for ice sanding before 1953. Coldest tem- perature reached was 8 above on the morning of teh 28th.
JANUARY STARTS WARMER THAN NORMAL
At the end of the first nine days of January, 1953, although the weather had turned somewhat colder there had been no winterkill. There was heavy rain on the 2nd and 3rd, which further added to water supplies. Aiding the winter- kill situation was the fact that temperatures did not drop to ex- treme lows and there were no sud- den colds followed by warm days, or severe cold winds, and bog sur- faces were not frozen to prevent sap from running up into the vines.
In spite of the more wintry con- ditions, with slight snow on the ground the 8th and 9th, temper- ature as recorded at Boston since January 1 was a departure from normal of 14 degrees, plus, further bearing out Dr. Franklin's earlier forecast of a mild winter.
NEW JERSEY
J. J. White in Big Renovation Program
In 1952 Joseph J. White, Inc., renovated about 100 acres of the less productive bogs by ditching, heavy pruning, removal of grass and weeds, and replanting poor spots. In the larger bogs some cross roads were built. It is plan- ned to improve another 60 acres in this way in 1953.
Pruning Demonstration
Ed Lipman of the National Cran- berry Association, Bordentown, held a pruning demonstration with the Crandon pruner and bog rake on
December 4th at the bogs at Ethel- bert Haines and brother. Ther-e were approximately 30 growers present. The association is making arrangements to provide dusting- service to New Jersey growers by helicopter and conventional planes in 1953. Airplane fertilizing serv- ice will also be available.
Fresh Fruit Average Walter Fort, Manager of the Growers' Cranberry Co., reports that the fresh cranberry sales from his company will average between $23.50 and $24 per barrel.
New Varieties Sauce Excellent At Pemberton some samples of Beckwith, Wilcox and Stevens cran- berries, which had been made into whole berry sauce, were tasted by several persons. The sauce was of outstanding quality and reminded us that here are three valuable varieties.
December Mild and Wetter The weather at Pemberton dur- ing December was milder and wet- ter than normal. The average tem- perature was 37.3°, two degrees above normal, an dthe precipitation was 3.92, 1.46 inches greater than normal. The maximum tempera- ture was 62° on the 10th and the minimum was 10° on the 29th.
The records kept by Bill Haines at Chatswoi'th show that the tem- perature during December was identical to that of Pemberton. However, .50 inches more rainfall was recorded at Chatsworth than at Pemberton. 1952 Weather Really Abnormal An analysis of the weather data at Pemberton during 1952 yields the misleading fact that the aver- age temperature throughout the year was normal, 54.4 °F. This "normalcy" was achieved by an abnormally cool Fall and Spring and an excessively hot Summer. July was the hottest for the month on record, while one of the coolest Mays ever recorded was experienced in 1952. There were 22 days in July in which the tempterature reached 90° or above and 11 such torrid days occurred in June.
'52 Rainfall Above Normal Rainfall during 1952 was 53.64 inches, or 10.63 inches above nor- mal. Only February, June and October were deficient in normal rainfall. There were 104 rainy days in the year with most of the rain
falling in Aug-ust (8.02 inches) and April (6.29 inches).
WASHINGTON
December Warm, Pleasant
Cranberry areas seeril to have had their Winter in November, as December, into early ' January, turned out to be nice and sunny. But, of course the cold months are not over yet.
Crowley to Attend Meeting
D. J. Crowley, director jLong Beach Experiment Station was to attend a week at the State College at Pullman, starting Jan. 12. He was planning to make the spray chart for 1953. The following week the Western Spray Conference, which includes all research workers from the Western States and the USDA men in these areas, will be held at Portland, Oregon at the Impeiial Hotel.
Jean Nash New Vice-President Wise. Cranberry Sales
Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany at its annual meeting, Decem- ber 17 re-elected Dan Rezin of Warrens, president, and Miss Jean Nash, Wisconsin Rapdis, vice-presi- dent, succeeding Craige Scott cf Warrens. C. D. Hammond, Jr., of Wisconsin Rapdis was named again as secretary-treasurer.
Directors chosen for one-year terms were: Vernon Goldsworthy, Sturgeon Bay, Harold Olson, Mather; R. C. Treat, Tomah; Wil- liam Harkner, Millston. Craige Scott, Harold DeLong, Mather and Tony Jonjak, Hayward will be di- rectors on the board of the Ameri- can Cranberry Exchange.
Robert Rezin, Tomah, succeeds Lloyd Rezin, Crannier, as directors to the National Cranberry Associ- ation.
The meeting was held at the Elks Club, Wisconsin Rapids.
Maine blueberries grow wild and prefer light, acid, sandy or gravelly soils. Most of them grow in a bel^ along the Maine coast from the mouth of the Kennebec River to the Canadian boundary. (New England Homestead.)
Six
Too Many Back-Breaking Jobs In Cranberry Crowing
Arthur M. Handy, Youthful Second Vice-President Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association Believes There Can Be Many More Short-Cuts in Labor — He And Father Grow More Than 85 Barrels to Acre.
By CLARENCE J. HALL
There is the familiar pattern of Cape Cod cranberry growing in this "profile' of Arthur M. Handy of Pocasset, Massachusetts, who is rapidly coming on in importance in the Bay State cranberry world. He is a fourth generation grower. Although he prefers the cultural end of the business to marketing and what might be called cranberry "civics," he is taking part in both of the latter.
Last Summer he was elected second vice-president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. If the usual tradition is followed he will be president in 195'), after the present vice-president, E. L. Bartholomew has served two years and the present vice-president, Frank P. Crandon put in his two. Some of the other ci'anberry areas, perhaps notably New Jersey, have m recent years made it possible to have younger men head up the state organization. Older men have been the general rule in Massachusetts. Arthur will be one of the first really young men, at least in recent years, and one of the first in some time from Barnstable County.
Beside being vice-president of CCCGA, Arthur is secretary of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club, a director of Cranberry Growers' Mutual and is one of those invited to sit in on the annual conference at the Massachusetts Experiment Station which determines what is to go in the weed and insect control charts each year.
Following Path of Father acres of his own in Cataumet.
Arthur is rather closely follow- Born in Cataumet, April 3, 1921,
Arthur fii-st attended school in that village, then in Bourne (Cataumet and Pocasset being a part of that sprawling township) and was graduated from Bourne High School in 1939. He entered Dart- mouth College, majoring in botany, but not with any clear idea that he would become a cranberry grower. He was graduated with a B. S. in botany in 1943.
In Aviation in War Then came the hitch in service. His first duties were in Puerto Rico in weather service. He remained on that American Island for six months. He was transferred to Texas as an air cadet. He was at Big Springs, Harlingen and San Marcus. His training was that of navigator. He was later sent to Carlsbad, New Mexico and, finally to Yuma, Arizona, where his training was as bombadier. The Second World War ended. He was discharged and returned to the Cape to enter cranberry growing with his father.
While in Texas he had met the
ing his father, Robert S. Handy (CRANBERRIES, July 1948) in such activities, and in other ways. Robert Handy has long been known as one of the more careful and bet- ter growers of Massachusetts. Arthur is achieving the same repu- tation. Robert Handy is a quiet man, saying very little, talking only when he has something worthwhile to say, but thinking a lot all the time. Arthur is the same.
In the Cape Cod pattern of the Handys is the fact they are mem- bers of one of the oldest families on the Cape, the immigrant Handy, Richard, coming to Sandwich in 1664. The Handys began cranberry cultivation nearly 90 years ago, the first being Arthur's great grand- father, Joshua, his grandfather, Henry, then as stated, Robert S. and now Arthur.
Arthur and his father are as- sociated in the business with a total of about 43 acres, mostly in the Pocasset-Cataumet area, but with some bog in adjacent Fal- mouth, Arthur owns about three
future Mrs. Arthur M. Handy, then Margaret Breneman of Austin. They were married in 1946'. The Handys make their home, with their son, Michael, 5, on Patuisett Island, which is near the village of Pocas- set, and is not really an island to- day, but a point of land projecting into Buzzards Bay, connected with the mainland by a causway.
Their home, which Mr. Handy helped build himself is beautifully situated with a view of the water on two sides, and by the side of the Patuisett cranberry bog, one of the Handy properties. Patuisett is lonely in Winter, with only a few families keeping homes open, but, during July and August as a Sum- mer resort. Arthur says it is " a "madhouse" of vacation activity.
Arthur is "kind of proud" of what has been done with the Patui- sett bog (nearly 4 acres) since it passed thrcugh the two Cape hur- ricanes and was completely under salt water. The salt killed out the vines, mangled them and it became a mess of 3-square grass, chiefly, and other weeds. The property was heavilly sanded over, PDB, 2-4D was used plentifully, and today the bog is a pretty one, completely restored.
Use Sprinklers
This is a totally dry bog, without even springs. The only source of water is rainfall. The Handys ir- rigate it with Buckner sprinklers and portable pipe. Water comes from the town water mains, which pass close by. One other bog of Handys is also sprinkler irrigated This is the Lily Pond in Cataumet.
As well as irrigating these two bogs by sprinklers, the systems are used for frost control. By this method far less water is used, and the sprinklers do not need to be turned on until a real danger point is reached.
On the 43 Handy acres excellent crops are being produced. Average production for last ten years is around 2,900 barrels. The last four years have brought production of between 2,800 and 3,800, the latter being for the 1952 season. This 1952 crop is better than 85 bar- rels to the acre, which assuredly is alright. But crops were not so good back in the BO's — there were many weeds then. Arthur attrib- utes the up in production to general
Seven
improvement, such as cleaning up the weeds, sanding, consistent in- sect control, using modern meth- ods; taking advantage of the latest in research. Dusting has been by both straight-wing plane and 'copter. Arthur feels that insect control from the air is superior to ground work. Ground dusters he believes, cause too much damage to growing berries.
Better Ways of Cranberry Growing In his operations Arthur tries to do things as mechanically as possible. "One of the problems in cranberry growing, as I see it, is to get away from the slow hand labor when ever mechanization will do the job as well or at least ap- proximately as well as far as qual- ity is concerned. Labor is too dif- ficult to obtain. We must keep looking for more efficient ways to properly care for our properties. There must be quicker and easier methods of doing some of the back- breaking jobs connected with the growing of cranberries." He re- Right — Arthur shows one of his Summer cottages. Below, the Handy's home at Patuisset.
CRANBERRIES Photo)
ferred, then particularly to his sanding program.
He sands with a sand tractor, which has a front-end loader, that is, a hydraulic bucket which scoops sand directly out of the sand banks. He sets un a sand screen on a stand
and drives the truck in under this, to avoid extra handling. He does not drive the truck out on the bog directly on the vines, as many were doing in Massachusetts this past Fall, but more cautiously uses planks for the wheels. With a
Eigh?
crew of four, including himself as one of the workers he has sanded as much as five acres from a single spot, before moving the screen. Doesn't Like Ice Sanding
He prefers sanding on the vines to sanding on the ice, saying, "I'm not much impressed with ice sand- ing. The sand goes down alright, but it doesn't shorten the vines as sanding should. The sand doesn't do enough good, in my opinion." In truck sanding, when sand is put on too heavy he pulls out the buried vines with a potato digger. The Handys did formerly ice sand, but haven't for the past five or six years.
This Fall Arthur tried out the Crandon mechanical pruner and liked it very much especially where there were many runners to cut.
While inclined to mechanized I'flFort, mechanical pickers are not used — at least as yet. The Handy's stick to scooping. They utliize a crew of 20-25 pickers, local peo- ple, including four or five women, most of whom come back to work on the Handy bogs year after year.
The Handy bogs are mostly Early Blacks, the exceptions being about 15 acres of Howes and one acre of "mongrels." Both Robert S. and Arthur are members of Na- tional Cranberry Association and sell their entire crop through that co-op. They do not screen, tak- ing their fruit from the bog to an "Ocean Spray" plant. The elder Mr. Handy has long been a member and director of NCA.
Arthur says he doesn't feel es- pecially qualified to talk much about the marketing end. He is a grower and "likes to see things grow." Which, presumably is why he took up botany.
However, he does agree with most that the two markets are needed. "The more ways we have of marketing, the better are bound to be the results. He believes in the eld truism "Don't put all your eggs in one basket."
As a director of the Mutual, he is certain that new organization has justified its existence. This was especially true in 1951, he believes. The Mutual provided a common meeting ground for distributors and he notes that selling conditions in '51 improved vastly over 1950 when there was no Mutual.
The young Mr. Handy is a mem- ber of the M. E. Church of Catau- met and of DeWitt Clinton Lodge of Masons of Sandwich.
Has a Profitable "Hobby"
It has already been noted that he assisted in the building of his home at Patuisett Island. In doing that he found he enjoyed carpenti-y. So, he has adopted that as his hobby.
With considerable land around the bogside at Patuisett lying idle and Patuisett being the popular Summer I'esort it is, he conceived the idea of enjoying his hobby by building Summer cottages. First he finds it a great deal of pleasure to draw up the plans — a happy in- door pastime. Then, he does the actual building himself, assisted by two of his "boys," that is, bog workers whom the Handys keep on the payroll the year around.
Arthur, with his brace of helpers does all the work except for the wiring, plumbing and masonry. So far, he has built and completely furnished four of these camps. Each one is different in interior and exterior plan. His hobby is a more "handy" one than are many others, and besides being relaxation to him, it is a hobby which pays off.
MASS. CRANBERRY STATION STAFF COMPLETES RED CROSS COURSE
The entire staff at the Massachu- setts Experiment Station, East Wareham, has completed standard Red Cross courses and each mem- ber has received a certifying card to that effect. The Station also has a First Aid kit ready for accident emergencies.
FO!l PRE -FABRICATED FLUMES
SEE
R. A.TRUFANT
Hydraulic Consultant
Tel. Carver 64-11
Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
Nine
Relafion of Different Meffiods of Expressing Size of Cranberries
By F. B. Chandler
In addition to the cup count of cranberries there are several other measurements which express berry size. Some of these aro used by research workers and some will be interesting- to growers as a com- parison to the cup count measure. Such measurements are average berry weight, average berry vol- ume, specific gravity, number of berries per pound and distance between grader bars.
In 1944 the author made exten- sive studies of cup count, cup weight and the volume of cranber- ries grown in New Jersey. This was done to better understand the cranberry seedlings which were to be selected in 1944 and 1945. From the measurements made, the aver- age weight, the average berry vol- ume, and the specific gravity (the weight of the berries compared to an equal volume of water) were determined. Some samples were carefully graded to determine the cup count in relation ta the graded size and to determine the distrib- ution of berry by size classes. In- formation from the "Largest Cran- berry Contests" of 1951 and 1952 have given figures which permitted the extension of the original curve. The figures used to make ths curves in "Preliminary Report on the Development of Cranberry Fruit," published in the August issue of CRANBERRIES were checked with the date presented here.
The average berry weight for any given variety, far example Early Black, varies from year to year but the average berry weight for a given cup count varies less than 0.07 grams from year to year. Figure 1
Figure 1 presents the average volume of cranberries in cubic centimeters in relation to the cup count. The data for small berries, cup count over 120, fall on or near this lino regardless of variety or shape. This probably would be true of very large berries, cup counts
less than 25, but there were not enough data to check it. Between these extremes there is a variety and shape difference. The heavy berries or those with high specific gi'avity, v/ill be on the top line or above it while those with light ber- ries will be on the bottom line or below it. Shape plays a role only in the packing of the cup. Per- fectly round berries will pack only a small amount while the painted berries may pack about ten percent. Early Blacks are in between, pack- ing about six percent.
At the top of Figure 1 will be found the distance between grader bars whi:h will give cup counts shown below. In mechanical sort- ing it will not be possible to get ■Ts uniform separation due to the speed with which the berries pass over the grader. The right side of Figure 1 has the best fit of the average weight. As the left side
was fixed for average berry vol- ume, the right side is not correct for light or heavy berries. The number of berries per pound is de- termined from the average berry weight.
If one wished to know the other measurements of berries with a cup count of 80, they could be found by following the line from 80 up to the curve. For Early Black, Howes or McFarlin the average berry volume would be 1.78 cubic centimeters with an average berry weight of about 1.25 grams, which would pack about 370 berries per pound. These berries would pass through a 20/32 grader but would not pass through an 18/32. If the variety were Centennial the aver- age berry volume would be 1.91 and the average berry weight would be 1.33 grams, which would pack about 350 berries per pound. When the cup count is over 105 Early Black will be heavier than McFarlin. Only two samples of Early Blacks with cup counts of less than 65 have ben studied but these indicate that large Early Blacks are very light. Centennials are heavier than Early Blacks, Howes, or McFarlins when the cup count is small but the
(Continued on Page 12)
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Vol. 17-No. 9 ISSUE OF JANUARY 1953
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1953 PROMISES MUCH
l^INETEEN hundred and fifty-three! How will this brand new year find the industry? It won't find it static, that's a cinch. The industry is on the move.
With a successful 1952, marketwise be- hind the growers they are bound to be doing many things. In fact, this past month of December saw a tremendous amount of bog work in all the areas. That bogs are, and will receive more attention, is borne out by little things as well as big. Such as that the "Trading Post," Bordentown, New Jersey, sold more pruning rakes than for the past nine years.
The industry will become even more mechanized. That humble task of sanding is now mostly done with powered wheels. There are half a dozen or more picking machines, some notably the Western Picker, perhaps not in final perfection, but working well and on the market. The indus- try will be less dependent upon the hand scoop in '53 than hithertofore.
There are interesting experiments and new trends of thought. For instance the ex- periments of Dr. F. B. Chandler at the Mas- sachusetts State Bog, with liquid fertilizer as told in last month's issue. With water supplies shrinking almost everywhere at- tention must be focused upon sprinkler irrigation. This is another project at the Massachusetts Experiment Station. Droughts, like those of last Summer cannot be permitted to take such toll each year.
It is interesting to note that an attempt will be made from this station in Massachu- setts in '53 to forecast to grower.5 when conditions are too dry. We were interested in the statement of L. A. Blake, new man- ager of N. E. Cranberry Sales Company in "Cranberryl World" that he is exploring the possibilities of profitable uses of screen- houses which are idle so much of the year. He feels that some other use, between cran- berry screening seasons, should be made of the equipment. If some satisfactory use could be found for the idle periods it would not only reduce screenhouse overhead for growers but would help hold together a crew the year around.
Research on weed and insect control will continue. Progress will undoubtedly be made.' There will also be progress in the program of hybrid seedling and varieties. Encouraging evei'yone in the industry was the success of the marketing season
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
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Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington-Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
of last year. The clean-up was excellent, and a really stabilized market is nearer. The two major co-ops, ACE and NCA have merchandising programs which really move fruit both fresh and processed.
ACE's "Winmor" campaign, rather a new wrinkle to cranberries was a real hit. NCA has built up a powerful sales pro- gram. The Fresh Cranberry Institute func- tioned admirably. Cranberries received a tremendous amount of publicity in 1952.
However, the industry should not be- come complacement. Remember it was a short '52 crop that had to be moved. Next year's could be much larger.
1953 should be an exciting year for us all.
Eleven
BERRY SIZE
(Continued from Page 10)
same at cup counts of 105.
The specific gravity varies with- in a variety with the size, the small berries being heavier and having a specific gravity of about 0.71, while the large berries are lighter and have a specific gravity of about 0.56. The very small pie berries with a cup count of 306 may have a specific gravity of 0.739. Grow- ers have had n'o interest in the spe- cific gravity of cranberries but it has been used in making selections of new cranberry varieties to be sure the new varietis could be packed in the containers used for Early Blacks and Howes. Specific gravity has also been discussed as a method of separating rotten cran- berries from firm fruit. Such a separation does not seem possible at present but may be used later. If thise method should become pos- sible it would separate the fruit into several size grades and would put the rot in with the pie berries where it could be removed by a grader.
A study of the percent of the berries in the different size graders showed 50 percent over a 16/32 grader but passing an 18/32 for Early Black. On the other hand, Centennial had 49 percent over a 20/32 grader and passing a 24/32 and 4 percent over a 24/32 grader. The large Centennial berries would not pack as well and would have a lower specific gravity than (h? Early Black because of the size From a comparison of Early B'aek and Centennial in the Figure it is evident that with the same cup count Centennial is heavier. Cup Count Still Mos'. Practical Method
The curve for the average berry weight and the crop cup count is so much like the figure for average berry volume and cup count that it is not presented. When the data for either volume or weight are plotted against specific gravity the lines are nearly straight,' indicating a direct relationship.
The results of this study show that the best measurement of size would be specific gravity and aver- age berry weight or average beri-y volume. However, as these methods of measuring siz are time consum- ing, the cup count must still be con- Twelve
sidered the method which is quick- est and most practical for packing house use.
RETIRED MASS. EXT. SERVICE DIRECTOR DIES AT 73
Dr. Fred J. Sievers Had Long Shown Great Interest in Cranberry Industry And Was Frequent Speaker at Cranberry Meetings, The Last Being "Dr. Franklin Day."
Prof. Fred J. Sievers, 73, retired director of the Massachusetts graduate school and head of the Agricultural Station at Amherst, died suddently December 26 at his home, 109 Fearing Street, Amherst. As director of the Experiment Sta- tion for 22 years, the Cranberry Ex- periment Station at East Wareham was conducted under his charge.
Much of the earlier work at the East Wareham Station was ap- proved by Mr. Sievers and he was well known to cranberry growers '-f Massachusetts. He was ex- ti-o— >p1v interested in all cranberry activities and was a frenuent rpcaker pt mp°tings of the Cane ""■' C-p.'-h'rv Grr>-«'"»'s' Associ- '■' — ^. """' "" -^- — •■^nb-'rr"' affai'^s.
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B'-vn in MilwauVeo, Wisrionsin, lio ipinr-'l the then Massachusetts .■ -, ^ !„„., jj^ 1928. a:oin,g there - """-'-■n-'trin State College. —., .-„c. j,-i honorary fellow of the «T-T^ri'nn Scciety of Agronomy and '-'■''or of many papers on agricul- ture.
^-'" was a vice-president of the ^o~l-^v Dickinson Hospital in Nort- hampton, a trustee of the First Congregational Church, member of the Rotary Club and a former chairman of the March of Dimes and director of the Amherst Com- munity Chest.
He leaves his wife, Emma; a daughter, Jennette of Greensboro, N. C; two sons, Howard R., of Arlington Heights, III.; Frederick of Wilmington, Delaware and a sis-
ter. Miss Dora Sievers of Mil- waukee.
Funeral service was held at 2:30, Sunday, December 28, at the First Congregational Church, Amherst. Staff of the East Wareham Sta- tion sent a donation in memory of Dr. Siever's name to National Heart Foundation, which was in accordance with his wishes. Cape Cod Growers' Association sent a wreath of flowers.
TRIBUTES
It is with deep sorrow and high apperciation that I take my pen to write of this splen- did man, our former director of the Massachusetts Agricul- tural Experiment Station and my immediate superior for twenty-two years. Through- out this long period, as I had abundant opportunity to ob- serve and am now glad to tes- tify, he showed a sincere and lively interest in the cranberry industry and its progress. He attended and addressed all the principal meetings of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation and was always high- ly reliable in his support of the Cranberry Experiment Station and its work. This made pos- sible the steady development of our cranberry research over a long period which did much to obtain for it that general aspect which it now enjoys among cranberry men every- where.
When Sievers addressed so ably the special meeting of the Cranberry Growers' Association held at the Experiment Station
in my honor in August, he seemed so robust and well that it is hard to believe that within so short a time he has left us. He was given a vigorous mind and body and he used them ad- mirably in the sustained pur- suit of worthy life purposes and so left behind an enviable record as a man, as a scientist, as a teacher, and as an admin- isti-atr. He will be missed by all who knew him and especially by those who labored closely with him. He was one of that rai-e human clan that is so useful and effective in their liv- ing as to seem nearly indis- pensable. He has answered the groat summons. He will surely hear the great verdict, "Well done good and faithful serv- ant". In my long relation as his subordinate, I saw his character put to many and varied tests and I could but admire his capacity for meet- ing them. Among his other fine qaulities, there seemed to me to stand out especially — common sense, honesty, and kindness.
Henry J. Franklin
My first meeting with Mr. Fred J. Sievers was a memor- able and difficult one — it was the occasion of my oral ex- amination for the Master's de- gree in the Graduate School of the University of Massachu- setts. Mr. Sievers was Director of that School which he admin- istered with the same deft- ness, poise and insight that made him so successful in di- recting the Experiment Sta- tion's activities. During my ex- amination he gave me as- surance and generous encour- agement when he found me nervous and uncertain, and later when I showed signs of over-confidence he made me humble by proposing a few pointed and deeply philosophic questions. He commanded the respect of all his listeners.
I remember Mr. Sievers for two achievements which in him were remarkable even among college men. First, he was a graduate student of our English language and had developed an extensive vocabulary which he
llmiaHjnail
CtlANBERRIES
1 Geared to the needs and wishes
of the Wisconsin grower.
2 Promoting Wisconsin cranberries.
INQUIRIES INVITED.
Cranberry Growers, inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
used with amazing skill and effect in both his writing and talking. Perhaps his best effoi't was that fine tribute he paid to our own Dr. Franklin last August when in praising the efforts and achievements of another he revealed much of himself. Second, he was a stu- dent of people. He liked them and strove to help them. In his passing we have lost a friend, one whose counsel will be missed, and one whose ready wit is no longer present to lift our humour.
Chester E. Cross
"Indian Trail" of Wisconsin Has New Sales Manager
Ben G. Pannkuk, Topeka, Kan., will succed S. Lloyd Healer as sales m'anager of Cranberry Grow- ers, Inc., B. C. Brazeau, president of the cranberry marketing organ- ization, announces. Healer, who has held the position since July, 1951, has resigned to become gen- eral manager of a St. Louis banana importing firm.
Pannkuk left the Fleming Co., sponsors of a chain of food stores in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas and Missouri, to go to Wisconsin Rap- ids shortly after Jan. 1. Before becoming divisional produce mana-
ger for the Topeka firm, Pannkuk was a branch manager for Gamble Robinson Co., a large produce company in that area.
The new sales manager for the cranberry company, which markets "Indian Trail" products, was born and reared in Iowa, and majored in business administration at Iowa and Des Moines Universities. He is a member of the Chambers of Commerce at Estherville, la., and Topeka, was county YMCA chair- man at Estherville and budget chairman of the Community Chest
I
^V><.
BEN G. PANNKUK
Photo courtesy Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune.
Thirteen
at Topeka.
Pannkuk is a member of the Methodist Church and is a Rotari- an. He is married and has a son and a daughter, both married and living in Kansas. He and Mrs. Pannkuk, whose first name is Gretchen, will live at 1250 4th St. S, Wisconsin Rapids.
Healer will become general man- ager of the Tropical Banana Co., Jan. 15. He and his family will live in Glendale, Mo., a suburb of St. Louis.
NATIONAL CRANBERRY QUEEN OF T)! WEDS
Auburn-haired Barbara Patter- son, who was chosen the first Na- tional Cranberry Queen in 1951 and before that Cranberry Queen of the Wareham (Mass.) Post, American Legion, Sunday after- noon, December 21 was married to Donald Rene Maitzen, who is an electronics technician, 1st class in the Navy, attached to the CIC school at the Fargo building, Bos- tan. The bride is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. B. C. Patterson, the latter, retired principal of Ware- ham High School and the bride- groom, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Rene Maitzen of Chicago.
The wedding was at the First Congregational Church in Ware- ham, Rev. Oscar L. Olsen officiat- ing. After winning the cranberry crown Mrs. Maitzen attended the Modern School of Design in Bos- ton, and functioned as Cranberry
Queen at a number of events. The couple will reside in Boston.
100 Percent of Council Co-op Has Been Shipped
Peniberton, New .)ersey — Theo- dore H. Budd, Sr., chairman of the Beard of the Growers' Cranberry Council, reports that 100 percent of the cranberry crop handled un- der the direction of the Council has been shipped. This total amounts to 218,000 barrels for the fresh fruit market and 2.57,000 for processing.
Blueberries Major Small Fruit In
Jersey Now
More than 150 bluebei'ry growers and their friends were present at the Annual Blueberry Onen House in December at Pemberton, New Jersey. This is the largest annual fathering cf blueberry growers. It is the occasion when the N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station reports to the growers on the work cf the past year and makes an- nouncement concerning problems of the coming year.
Unusual features of the pr:gram were a picture story of blueberrj' pests, the pruning of large blue- berry bushes in the midst of the meeting, and a discussion of three new varieties of blueberries. Philip Marucci's story on pests was illus- trated by Walter Fort's handsome colored slides, for which he has be- come very well known in South Jersey. Charles Doehlert showed the relation between different types of pruning and the final effect on the year's income for the grower. Gene Galletta gave the an-cstry and the outstanding qualities of Earliblue, Herbert, and Bluecrop varieties, recently announced joint- ly by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture and the N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station. The Herbert variety was named for the late Heibert Beebe of Pembeiton, one of New Jersey's well known and be- loved bluberry growers.
195.3 Blueberry Pest Chart
Ordway Starnes was spokesman fur the Experiment Station in pre- senting the facts to be printed on
the lO.iS pe-st c-ontrol chart includ- ing several new recommendations. Dr. Starnes indicated that the printed chart should be availfhle in January.
Austin Goheen reviewed the his- tory of "mummy berry"- disease as- known in Europe and America. He also announced a new spray recom- mendation for protecting the fal- iage and young shoots in the Spring from the first attacks of the dis- ease. He encouraged growers to continue the old procedure of early and frequent cultivation to destroy "mummy" cups in the Spring. He ropoited 'infavorably en the use of ground sprays to kill these mummy cups.
Jersey Blueberries Lead Strawberries
Ernest Christ presented figures showing that the blueberries are now the major small fruit produced in New Jersey and the industry outranks the growing of strawber- ries. He feels that it is a stable and well organized industry now but warned that as it continues to grow fast and various fields become failures, the g'rowers will have to face the problem of dealing with abandoned fields wh'ch breed dis- ease and insect pests.
William Boyd of the N. J. State Department of Agriculture re- ported on the past year's inspection and certification of propagating sources as to blueberry stunt dis- ease. There is difficult and dis- couragement in one important area but there has been definite progre.ss made in the control cf the disease thrcughout the State.
"WINMOR" Proves Fresh Fruits Not ''Dead Ducks"
\ grand climax to one of Eai- mor Cranberries most successful selling seasons in recent years is reported by Haold E. Bryant, Gen- eral Manager of the American Cranberry Exchange with head- quarters at 5 South Sixtri Street, New Bedford.
1952 sales of Eatmor cranberries, totaling over twenty million con- sumer packages have been com- pleted, following an unusually ac- tive demand and fast clean-up of
(Continued on Page 16)
Fourteen
^
EDAVILLE HAS MORE VISITORS THAN IN '51
The far-famed "Edaville,"' at the estate of the late Ellia D. Atwood, South Carver, Mass., opened its lisplay of lights and other features "sn December 5, 1952, and closed Jan. 2, 1953, during which time (ihere was a total of 59,800 riders
on the narrow-g'uage railroad. This was approximately 15,000 more than the previous year, and prob- ably an all-time high. Total num- ber of tickets issued for the ride from the time of opening last May until Jan. 2, was 170,000.
There were a good many more visitors to the plantation, both dur-
ing the entii'e season and over the iiear-end holidays, as not all take the train ride.
A new feature this year, pictured above, was an illuminated creche in front of the screenhouse. An- other was a miniature fishing fleet ahng the route, complete to tiny boats and skiff.
Fifteen
"WINMOR" Proves
(Continued from Page 15)
supplies ill retail markets. Al- though the cranbery crop was re- duced about 14 pei'cent by unfavor- able growing weather, the dollar volume for the Exchange was ma- terially ahead of last year as a re- sult of a sharp increase in consumer demand.
Credit for this upsurge in con- sumer demand is given to Oper- ation "WINMOR," Eatmor Cran- berries 1952 advertising and mer- chandising program. "The pro- gram", Bryant said, "has demon- strated to us that demand can be created for fresh cranberries al- most overnight if there is a suf- ficient impulse for consumers to buy. Our consumer limerick con- test provided that impulse. Around 160,000 housewives entered the con- test, six times the number we had anticipated, and the interest in fresh cranberries was the greatest we have seen in a good many years. Proves Demand Can Be Created
"Equally important", Bryant said, "our WINMOR program has demonstrated what aggressive mer- chandising and promotion can do to re-awaken and create a real in- terest in fresh cranberries among our wholesale and retail customers. Without this interest and initial en- thusiasm at the trade level our merchandising and advertising pro- gram could not have hoped to be a success.
"Through Operation "WINMOR" we believe a new pattern is being- set for future merchandising cam- paigns for all fresh fruit and vege- tables as well as Eatmor cranberries that should mean increased distrib- ution at higher returns for growers and distributors alike.
"Operation WINMOR", Bryant continued, "has also proved to us that a well rounded merchandising program can be used effectively to meet the competition of non-adver- tised brands. Eatmor distributors were able to meet substantial price cutting from competitive brands simply because the "WINMOR" campaign had created a solid de- mand at the consumer level and provided aggressive merchandising support at wholesale and retail out- lets.
"In our opinion", Bryant con- cluded, "this progiam has fur-
nished an effective answer to the sceptics who believed that fresh cranberries, as well as all other fresh fruits and vegetables, were gone ducks, about to be handed over to the processors. We believe the natural advantages of fresh fruits and vegetables have never been fully explained. The future was never brighter and is limited only by our ability to merchandise, advertise and produce."
Two contests featured the "WIN- MOR" with EATMOR campaign, a consumer limerick contest with prizes of a Cadillac convertible, 10 G. E. electric ranges and 25 cash awards, and a display contest where retailers and wholesale distributors were competing for two Chevrolet cars and 20 Winchester rifles or shotguns. Both contests closed De- cember 31st and the winners will be announced in special ceremonies at the annual convention of the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Associ- ation at Los Angeles, Jan. 28.
The Cranberry Season In Oregon During Past Year
By Ethel Kranick
We have come to the close of the 1952 season. It might be interest- ing to look back over the events of year and the effect on the crop.
The frost season was a long hard one. Charles St. Sure reported the use of overhead irrigation thirty- one times during the Spring, while many growers irrigated as few as seventeen times. Growers differ in their opinion as to the exact tem- perature to irrigate, Mr. St. Sure believes that the bog should bo pro- tected in the Fall after harvest if the temperature falls low enough to threaten damage. Some seasons are quite free from frost until quite late in the Fall and the bud ap- pears to swell. It is times like these that damage may occur. Year after year Mr. St. Sui'e has a heavy and a uniform crop which indicates that his irrigation practices pay off.
The higher price for berries has inspired growers to go t3 work on their marshes with renewed energy and the bogs in the Bandon area are looking more prosperous. Money has been invested in both spray weeding and hand weeding.
With excellent results. _
The Summer season was cool m followed by a long season of drought so that the berries never did attain a large size except on those marshes where overhead ir- rigation was so consistently car- ried out that the berries never ex- perienced chill at any time during the growing season. This experi- ence indicates that low tempera- tures when not low enought to kill the growing bud or berry may have a decided effect on the size of the mature fruit.
Dry Weather Very few bogs lacked water enough for general irrigation dur- ing the season but a few growers were hard pressed for water rak- ing when harvest time rolled around. Never in the memory of the oldest grower was rain so scarce during the harvest season. Day by day growers postponed picking expecting rain but there were a few who waited just too long and finally lost their berries by late Fall frost.
Another very annoying factor during the harvest season was the abundance of deer who cut down production by eating berries and tramping them down. A special "your choice" season was declared to help cut down the deer popula- tion . . . however the extreme dry season caused considerable danger to forests and it was necessary to postpone the deer season. When it rained slightly the special deer sea- son was finally opened for three days. A real storm developed and the deer took to the tall timber so very few doe deer were taken by hunters.
Deer Fences
Cranberry growers were so con- cerned over the damage to their bogs that a special meeting was called by the South West Oregon Cranberry Club and a representa- tive of the Game Commission was called in to see if some solution could be worked out. The Game Commission has offered to pay $2.50 per rod to any grower who wishes to fence his property against deer. The fence must be built to specifications of the Game Commis- sion. Occasionally kill permits have been issued to farmers who have suffered damage but the rep- presentative of the Game Commis-
Sixteen
sion, Bob Corthel, reported that these have accomplished very little as the deer are killed off, more keep coming. The work of killing, dressing and delivering the ani- mals to state police is more trouble than it is worth. The fencing ap- peared to be the best solution to deer damage. A grower with small acreage, Ennis Loshbaugh re- marked to the writer recently that he had never know how many ber- ries he had been losing until he built himself a deer fence. Now his crops surprise him, they are so much larger than before.
As 1952 drew to a close growers everywhere were busy building- fences, pruning vines and in gen- eral doing those things which will be necessary to prepare their bogs for a good crop in 1953. You can never discourage a cranberry grower, he is always very sure that "next year will be much better than this year."
Editor's Note: Oregon this past Fall had its largest production of record, it may be noted. In this, sprinkler irrigation seems to have played its part.)
FOR A BRIGHTER —
FOR AN EASIER —
FOR A MORE PROSPEROUS
1953
MAKE AN INCREASED USE OF
ELECTRICITY
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
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BEST WISHES TO CRANBERRY GROWERS EVERYWHERE FOR A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS 1953.
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(The Cranberry Cooperative) Telephone 200 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
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Our Sincere Best Wishes to You for a Happy and Prosperous New Year
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"cranberries" was the original and still is the only- general magazine of the industry, you should be a regular reader.
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FOR SALE
2 Large Cranberry
Properties with Reservoirs
and
Never-Failing Streams.
In New Jersey.
Reply "X" c/o "CRANBERRIES"
Wareham, Mass.
The 1953 crop production goals aim at increased output of feed grains, hay and grass.
T — Hii^— nn^— nil
Western Pickers i what is new
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Isn't it good to know that when you are busily engaged picking Cranberries with your Western Picker that should you have a break- down or need some addi- tional instruction in oper- ating the picker, that you can go to the nearest tele- phone and call the nearest Service Agency where you purchased your picker and they will have a man out ihere in an hour?
In other words, owners of the Western Picker are not orphans. Somebody is going to look after them for some- time to come. All this is done without cost to the Grower.
For this reason nearly all AVestern Pickers are in con- stant use today. Most of the older models have been brought up to date by re- modelling, and undoubtedly even this year's Western Picker will be remodelled in future years as new improve- ments are suggested by Growers.
All new mechanisms have been improved since their earliest introduction and Western Picker is no excep- tion. Every year since 1946 has witne.=:sed important im- provements.
This is called "taking the Bugs out". This year we have taken out a few more "bugs". We will have better balance, better heights, more power, more positive control of the vines in the tines, less chaff in. the bags, etc., etc.
Let our Agents give you a better picture of our new 195;? model and remember that our prices are hundreds of dollars lower than in for- mer years.
(ADV)
Two
+ — , , +■
There is a new method of control- ling- disease of plants or of remov- ing the harmful effects. An exam- ple in human medicine which we have heard a great deal about, is the use of quinine for malaria. In plants we have heard less ab:ut this method but it has been used to control the fusarium wilt in carna- tions and tomatoes. The fusarium wilt has been studied in the green- house with a number of chemical.s. Another example is the control of Dutch elm disease, in which case application.s of chemicals to the soil are made each Spring. In the case of the Dut'.-h elm disease the virus which causes it may not be killed but the disease is no longer detri- mental to the elm tree.
The chemical treatment of false blossom disease of cranberries was started in 1951 using some of the chemicals which were successful in the control of Dutch elm disease. These experiments have not been in progres.'i on enough bogs to war- rant a statement at this time. If these chemicals work, this should not be considered a practi:e which should be carried on indefinitely b.it rather a temporary one. In other words, the chemicals would be used to control the disease suf- ficiently to produce crops until the grower could rebuild the bog or until he had been able to get good vines by sanding.
Dr. Franklin Honored at Open House
On Tuesday, Feb. 10, there was "Open House" at the Cranberry Experiment Station, East Ware- ham, Mass., this being an occasion to inspect the new "Dr. Franklin" room, and to visit Dr. Franklin in his new working quarters.
The day, honoring the retired iicad of the Station, was sponsored by Cane Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. A more complete ac- count will be given in iioxt month's issue.
Throws
4 SHOVELS FULL
per Second!
lafitRoiriiiy
'siSw piitw
Si.lr-fUCii'fi.liO
• Ideal for sidev^oik ond driveway
• Raker bor bi.oks packed snow
• Open fionf pr«ver>ts cloggirig
• .Srniovit «K)v» «o bore sidewalk
3 ATTACHMeNTS AVAItABlE
JOinch rn'. uno-hirotit for lawn mowing. 28 Inch sIcWe bar for weeds ond bruih. !C-aoll<Ki s?ra-,tT fo.- mosquito controL
Hanson Lawn Mower Shop 151 Elm Street Hanson, Mass.
Dahill Co.
1886 Purchase Street New Bedford, Mass.
Marine Appliance Co.
S:uth Water Street Nantucket, Mass.
Lawn & Garden Equipment Co.
Go Stafford Road Fall River, Mass.
H. M. Christensen Co.
l."82 Main Street Brockton, Mass.
Wenham Garage
R. F. D. Plymouth, Mass.
Crowell's Lawn Mower Service
75 lyanough Road Hyannis, Mass.
lltl WABHUJOTON 8TBKX WEST KBWTON 68. MA8».
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Weather at ttie State Bog
January was another balmy month, based on weathr bureau standards, with temperatures averaging nearly S-Vd" per day above normal. Here at the Cran- berry Station there were eight days when maximum temperatures of 50° or above were recorded. The heat wave reached its peak on January 17 when we experienced a temperature cf 57°. As one grower remarked to his neighbor, "Why go south?" We have, how- ever, experienced considerable cloudy weather and precipitation. Rain, sleet, or snow was recorded on eighteen days in January, total- ing 8.09 inches; incidentally the normal for the month is 4.12 inches. On Janua.fy 8 and 9, due to sev- eral consecutive days of cloudy weather plus three or four inches 01 ice on flooded bogs, we came un- comfortably close to severe oxygen deficiency conditions. The oxygen content of the flooding waters at the State bog dropped to 5 c.c. en January 8, which Dr. Bergman now considers to be the danger point. We immediately withdrew the Winter flood from under the ice. Then with the cooperation of the County Extension Offices, suitable warnings were prepared and re- leased to local newspapers and radio stations. Fortunately, the ice melted and the weather cleared within a few days. Dr. Bergman examined fruit buds here at the State bog and found a little evi- dence of injury due ti oxygen de- ficiency, but believes that the in- jured buds will recover. We know that the water was withdrawn from s substantial acreage of bogs in the Cape area. With the assistance of the County Extension Offices, we will do our best to keep growers informed of the situation during the remainder of the Winter.
If this mild weather continues, green scum can be a problem. The cheapest treatment would be to take advantage cf any ice that we may have during February and early March and broadcast small crystals of copper sulphate on the ice. The recommended amount is ten pounds per acre. Many times it is necessary to repeat treatments in early Spring using four pounds of large crystals for each one acre foot of water. The usual technique is to place the large crystals in a burlap bag and tow behind a boat or distribute evenly in the bog fi;wage. Many growers are using the airplane propellor-type float boat for this job. It is also effective in breaking up dead scum following a reflow of treated bogs. Just a word of caution on the use of cop- per sulphate, as it is harmful to fish. A reasonable period cf time should elapse before draining off the Win- ter flood into any fish streams or
ponds after treating for scum. Annua! Control Chart
The annual task of revising the Insect, Disease, and Wood Control Charts is nearly completed. The County Agricultural Agents will mail out the new charts in March. The experience and observance of the growers who assisted with this work are always a tremendous help to the Experiment Station Staff. We have lively discussions and the final control recommendations are based on the collective experience and observations of the group. Blueberries
Cranberry growers who also raise cultivated blueberries will be interested t ■ know that the first Massachusetts Blueberry Insect and Disease Control Chart will be prepared and distributed to grow- ers this Spring through the County Extension Offices. We plan to fol- low the same procedure used so sucessfully in- the preparation of the Cranberry Charts. Blueberry growers will be pleased to leajn that Professor John Bailey and William TomlinSvU, our new staff members, will be carrying on blue- berry research here at the Station. Professor Bailey's research pro- jects also include strawberries, raspberries and beach plums. Professor Tomlinson, who is our entomologist, is primarily respon- sible f :r cranberry insect work but
While viour hogs lie snug under
a gcod Winter flood, take time to go over your insurance,
A good program of sound cover- age is better and cheaper than hit- or-miss scattered policies.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Droad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
Thre*
will also study the insect pests of the small fruits listed above. These men are a fine addition to our staff, and are exceptionally well qauli- fied for their positions.
Cranberry Seedlings
In mid January, Dr. F. B. Chand- ler called a meeting of the Cran- berry Seedling Cooperators to dis- cuss the work in this field and make plans for the future. A tremendous am3unt of work has been carried on in this project this past Fall. Over 900 seedling plots were har- vested and considerable data was collo ted and analyzed by Dr. Chandler, Dr. Bergman and Irving Demoranville. The number of seedlings selected for further study was narrowed down to twenty or less.
This is real progress when we realize that there were approxi- mately 130 seedlings planted in Massachusetts in 1946. The officers and directors of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association were asked by the Cranberry Seed- ling Cooperators to appoint a com- mittee to determine how and when the vines from these selections will be prepared at a future date by the project leaders in the various cranberry states.
Those attending the cranberry seedling meeting were George Crowell and Oscar Norton, Cape Cod Co.; Frank Butler, A. D. Make- peace Co.; Marcus M. Urann, United Cape Cod Co.; County Agent Arnold Lane, Barnstable County; Drs. Cross, Bergman and Chandler, Irving Demoranville and the writer. Dr. Chandler presented a summary of the seedling work at the Plymouth County Cranberry Club meeting and showed samples of some of the more important se- lections. Barnstable County grow- ers will have an opportunity to hear this talk and see the selections at one of their Cape club meeting this Winter.
NCA MAKES ADDITIONAL ADVANCE
NCA announces that it is paying another $2 a barrel, bringing the total advance on 19.52 berries to Sll. Checks weie scheduled to go out F'ebruary 10th.
Cranberries— No Longer ''Bogged Down"
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following was written by Mr. Blake at our request to get the views of a newcomer to the cranberry industry. Mr. Blake became general manager of New England Cranberry Salts Company late last Summer.)
By L. A. Blake
A "bogged-down" industry which has been lifted out of the dol- drums by the sheer will power of bog owners and ingenuity of Yankee businessmen! That might be one way of describing the observations of a businessman now being initiated into the whys and wherefores of the Cranberry business.
In conformity to American tradition it appears that the industry, like the nation's economy and business in general, has at certain times in its history swung from one extreme to another — from prosperity to depression. The trend at present seems to be toward a period of better times.
If the viewpoint is generally accepted that not much can be done to create a more prosperous and better economy for the industry then there is small chance of bringing about such improvement. Fortunately there are in the cranberry business outstanding leaders in production, organi- zation, merchandising, marketing and finance. There is plenty of evidence to indicate that competition among them is keen and that no spirit of defeatism exists.
Programs have been developed through modern merchandising and advertising to create a demand for our product over a twelve month period cf the year. Processed berries can and are being distributed, sold and consumed on a year around basis. Fresh berries are being purchased by the housewife in Fall months, stored in a deep freeze unit with other fresh fruits and produce and consumed in any month she desires to sei've them.
It sounds too simple to be true, but experts in their fields of pro- motion believe that the demand is being developed and can continue to be increased.
There appear, however, to be some disturbing factors as might be expected. Perhaps it may be found desirable to find some means, if pos- sible, whereby each and every grower of cranberries can share in the costs of advertising and sales promotions which creat this demand for their product. They share in the benefits derived from the programs and they perhaps will be glad to share in the costs and help to correct a situation which no\/ is unfair to those who are carrying the ball and in- creasing the demand.
Cranberry Literature Exchange
• • •
Cranberry growers who have literature such as bulletins or articles pertaining to cranberries which they no longer want, may bo inteiested in securing other bulletins or articles which they do not have. Cranberries will try to assist you in exchanging the literature which you do not want for some of the articles which you do want. If you are interested, send us the title of the publi- cation you have for exchange to "CRANBERRIES," Wareham, Mass., and specify what you wish to have sent to you. We will publish the title you wish. As soon as it becomes available it will be forwarded to you.
This is a service oflfered by "CRANBERRIES" to get cran- berry literature to cranberry growers. It is a plan by which you send your duplicates or issues you no longer want for exchange for what you desire. Old issues of Cranberries may be sent in for newer issues or for other publications.
No charge for this service.
V^ to^'*'^'""'"''^''^^^^Z^^
ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 1953-VOL. 17 NO. lO
Pnh'ioh^H monthlv at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Waieham. Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-o^ice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Compiled by C J. H.
MASSACHUSETTS
January, Warmer and Wetter
January turned out to be a most rild, but an abnormally wet month in the Massachusetts cranberry rrea. This followed the pattern for December. Some areas of the State had Know on the ground at dif- ferent times, but the Cape area alm:st none. There was snow and sleet New Year's Eve, but this soon cleared up. Again 3.38 inches of precipitation were recorded at the State Bog- at East Wareham and this included a considerable amount of snow and sleet, which at times covered the ground, but almost continous rains followed, so there was no large accumulation. Had all this precipitation been in the from of snow there would have been more than three feet. Total Precipitation Total precipitation for the month, as nut down at East Ware- ham was 8.09 inches; at Boston there was 6.28 inches. Departure from normal at the State Bog was nearly double.
No Ice or Frost Coldest day at the State Bog was 27 on the 12th and the warmest 51 on the 17th. Bogs skimmed over slightly, for a day or two but there was never sufficient for ice sand- ing. Some took off the water. It was off for 17 days at the State Bog. Even at month's end there was no frost in the ground. Averaged 5.5° Warmer a Day So warm was the month that the depatrure from normal in temper- ature totalled 171 degrees or about five and a half degrees a day. A Really Balmy Month To sum up this January it was almost balmy most of the time, welcome to cranberry growers and
others alike. There was some sun- shine deficiency, and that is not on the good side, particularly in January. Because of cloudiness and so much rain, the borderline of oxygen deficiency was reached. In fact. Dr. H. F. Bergman detected some. The sunshine factor could make berries slightly smaller next Fall.
"All to the Good" However, such a mild open month is said by Director Cross of the State Bog to have been "all to the good," and the Cape Cod Winter weather in continuing fa- vorable to size of crop next harvest. Not Much Work Done With no opportunity to sand, not too much work was done. There was some brushing out along shores, repairing roads, cutting wood from uplands and repairing of machinery.
February Starts off Mean February was beginning with raw, cold weather; rain and snow flurries in the cranberry area. The night of the first brought violent rain, high winds, thunder and lightening.
The groundhog, on poking his nose out of his hole on the second, surely must have seen his shadow — the day was very cold and with un- usually bright sunshine. If the old adadge is true this meant six more weeks of Winter.
NEW JERSEY
January Weather
The weather at Pemberton dur- ing the month of January was much milder and wetter than normal. The average temperature was 38.2 degrees, about 6 degrees warmer than normal; while the precipita- tion was 4.19 inches, which is .75
inches above normal.
Very, Very Mild
The extreme mildness of the weather for January is revealed in thd fact that we had 12 days in which the temperature reached 50 degrees or above and 4 days in which the temperature climbed to 60 degrees or above. There was not a single day in the month in which the temperature remained at 32 °F. or below (freezing) for the entire day. There were 11 days in the month during which the minimum temperature did not get down to freezing (32°P.). The maximum for the month was 65°F. on the 16th and the minimum was 18° on the SOth.
Snowfall
A total snowfall of 5.5 inches occurred during the month but it remained on the ground only for 3 days.
WISCONSIN
January Mild
As of January 22 the weather was very mild. In fact, it was so mild that it reminded of Cape Cod winters, rather Ithan Wisconsin. Precipitation in the form of both rain and snow was light, consider-
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
FIv*
ably below-normal. This helped sanding operations, and a large amount has been accomplished. '53 Crop Prospects Seem Bright
Every indication, as of the end of January points, to a good pro- duction in 1953. Most marshes went under the Winter flood without having sustained any* apparent Fall injury. Neither did it appear most marshes had suffered any serious damage form adverse conditions in 1951.
Some New Planting A limited amount of new plant- ing has ben done; in the neighbor- hood of 100 to 150 acres. New Control Chart The Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company is preparing a revised disease control chart, which will be released in February. Work is pro- gressing on e.xperiments with dry- ing and picking machines. Goldsworthy Resigns Vernon Goldsworthy, who was elected a director of the Sales Com- pany (as reported in the January issue) has felt it necessary to re- sign from this office, as he feels he lives too far distant in the north- ern part of the State from the Rapids, center of the Wisconsin industry. Following his resigna- tion, James Schnabel of Wisconsin Rapids was named to the office. Mr. Schnabel is a partner in the Schnabel and Sullivan marsh at City Point.
WA.SHTNGTON
Foot of Rainfall
A 39-year record for January rainfall was set when precipitation at North Head Weather Bureau (near Ilwaco) reached 13.15 inches for the month. However, the down- pour of the month is far from the all-time record which is 22.28 inches back in 1880.
Some rainfall was recorded every day from the 5th. The average for January is 7.35, but more than 10 inches have fallen every Janu- ary for a number of recent years.
OREGON
Storms, Floods in Southwest Oregon
Coastal Oregon also had its water troubles during January. The area was lashed with heavy storms, high seas, and floods. Row-
boats were used in the streets of Prosper and many houses were de- serted by their occupants to seek higher ground. Several hundred people were evacuated by the U. S. Coast Guard and others, mostly in the vicinity of Coquille. The River- ton ferry was used to rescue dairy herds. Due to damage to the high- way south of Bandon there was but one bus in and out of Bandon.
Farm product prices generally averaged 4 per cent lower during the first 11 months of 1952 than for the same period of 1951, but prices paid by farmers for all pro- duction items averaged 3 per cent higher.
Grass roots are had to beat as a reservoir for rainfall. Checks have shown that a good sod cover holds 97 per cent of the water hat falls on it.
Saving Dollars
Is r^akiiig Dollars
An economical and efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
From our experience on our own bogs, as well as on the bogs of many others, we find that using the C & L power pruner and ralte is the most efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
This conviction is arrived at after working on more than 1,000 acres.
We also find that a properly pruned bog is easier to pick, with less drop and far less damage to the vines.
From one demonstration in New Jersey, six ma- chines were sold. New Jersey growers wishing infor- mation on these machines may contact Eddie Lippman of National Cranberry Association, Bordentown.
Massachusetts growers who wish their bogs pruned or want information on these machines may contact the C & L Equipment Company, 191 Leonard Street, Acushnet, Massachusetts ... or call either Frank P. Crandon or Herbert C. Leonard. Tel. New Bedford 3-4332— North Rochester 89-3.
C & L EQOiPMENT COMPANY
F. P. CRANDON 1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LE0N.4RD 191 Leonard Street .'Vcushnet, Mass. Te!. Ne« Bedford 34332
9t9
Discussion On Cranberry Bog Irrigation
(Editor's Note: The following article is based upon a talk Dr. Cross gave be- fore Cranberry Growers at Carver, Mass., and dwells upon an increasingly impotrant problem, belter irrigation when needed).
by C. E. Cross
All cranberry growers suffered losses in crop and stand of vines during the heat and drought of June and July, 1952. About 250,- 000 barrels valued at |4-5 million were lost, and in addition vines were thinned out and in patches wholly destroyed, creating ideal conditions for the invasion of weeds, particularly annuals, this year. Furthermore, considerable expense was incurred for tempo- rary and makeshift watering, and in using labor that should have been employed in weed and insect contdol. Such losses cannot be al- lowed to continue, our cranberry bogs must produce more per acre to give us an equal opportunity in competition with other cranberry producing areas. Wisconsin and the West Coast have solved its irriga- tion problems, and we must do likewise.
Trend to Drier Weather
What happened to us in 1952 may very well happen again. It is a fact of record that in every year since 1943 there has been a damag- ingdry spell of more or less sever- ity during the growing season. This could, it seems to me, repre- sent a rather strong trend toward warmer and drier conditions for our area.
How long has it been sincfe cranberry growers have been able to use ice-sanding equipment? Our winters have been open with only brief periods of sub-freezing tem- peratures incapable of bringing ice of sufficient thickness for this . heavy work. Some weather experts feel that the present world trend is toward warmth and dryness.
Weather records at Boston show the annual mean temperature to be 2°-3°F. above norman the last few years. Of course with higher temperatures, there is a higher rate of evaporation and a greater need for increased rainfall. But to illustrate in reverse the mean- ing of a 2°-3°F. shift in annual temperature, a geologist has told
me that 3°F. below the annual mean would, produce a return to ice-age or glacier conditions to large portions of North America. Coastal Ocean Temperatures Higher Than Normal
Agaln,weather experts tell us that ocean temperatures along our coasts are running higher than normal. We know the ocean ex- erts a powerful influence on the climate of our cranberry area. It is probable that the difficulty of reseeding clams along our coast is in part due to the higher tem- peratures. I am informed that sev- eral species of marine life have been found in the Cape Cod Canal which formerly were never found north of the Jersey Coast or that of Staten Island.
There is even a strong prob- ability that the recent problem with scale insects (most of which are regarded as southern or sub-tropi- cal species) is due to our milder weather and the decreased sever- ity of our winters.
In other words, what happened to us in 1952 could very well hap- pen again, its severity might be less but it could be greater, and we need to conserve our water supplies and to know how to use them when drought threatens our crop.
Irrigation Methods
A number of methods of irri- gation have been tried on cran- berry bogs. Let us look at each of these, analyze them, before de- signing our research work of the years immediately ahead.
1. The overhead sprinkler sys- tem. This method consists of taking water, usually from relatively small reservoirs, and pumping it through pipes to sprinkler heads.
Sprinklers distribute the water with great uniformity, require much less water than is needed for flood irrigation, afford adequate and satisfactory frost protection both in spring and fall, can sometimes be used to distribute fertilizer dis- solved in the irrigation water, will probably be used more in the fu- ture to distribute insecticides.
Against these numerous and im- portant advantages of the sprin-
kler are the following difficulties: it is an expensive installation both from the standpoint of the high- powered pump necessary to main- tain pressure and volume output, and from the standpoint of dis- tribution through expensive pres- sure pipe; it cannot be used with- out washing off insecticide dusts and sprays, a feature of some im- portance during July when such materials must remain on the young berries to obtain good fruit worm control; there is occasional difficulty with clogged strainers and nozzles, and such an expensive high pressure system ought to have continuous service while operating.
To avoid, some of the expense of the sprinkler system, there have been various efforts made to use portable systems. One of these consists in mounting the heavy- duty engine, pump and giant head in a truck and sprinkling the bog as far as can be reached from the shores and dikes — 130 to 150 ft. being the practical limit of this. For bogs no wider than 300 feet, this could represent a partly satis- factory solution, but it requires a considerable acreage within 150 feet of shore or dike over which to spread not only water but the capital expense.
Another effort to reduce the acre- cost of sprinklers consists of using ditch water through a portable pump into pipes with heads enough to cover 1 to 3 acres of bog. To treat another area the whole sys- tem requires considerable labor, and the trampling of vines and berries causes further losses. The portable sprinkler is, of course, of limited, use for frost protection.
To summarize, sprinkler systems cost $600 to §1200 an acre, a cost that represents a very high cap- ital investment to most growei'S. Reducing the initial cost by mak- ing the systems portable eliimin- ates in large measure the frost protection afforded by a complete system, and increases the labor and trampling- of operations. Some less costly but adequate method of irrigation must be found.
2. Ditch irrigation has been practiced by growers for a long time. This method consists of fill- ing the ditches in the lower por- tions of bogs during dry weather.
§»vep
The lateral movement of water in most bog soils have been proved by Dr. Chandler to be very slow, and, because of this it is usually necessary to keep the water high in the ditch for some time to achieve any considerable penetra- tion toward the centers of bog sections. Very commonly this practise succeeds only in making the wet portions of the bog wetter and fails to bring relief to the higher and drier portions of the bogs. It is thought by many grow- ers with wide experience that ditch irrigation is much more ef- fective when used promptly at the onset of dry weather — forecasts of rain in the imnrediate future notwithstanding! A week of dry- ing weather in June should pro- bably be followed immediately by irrigation of some sort, remember- ing that in this month the days are long and high temperatures are frequent, and that these follow closely the period of rapid new growth under the wet conditions of the frost season which are like- ly to induce a lush, luxuriant and tender growth. Without doubt, ditch irrigation is helpful, but when severe drought comes it is inadequate to protect more than half of our bog areas.
"Flash Flooding" 3. So - called "flash - flooding" presents another method of irrigat- ing some bogs in dry weather. This method which consists essen- tially of putting a quick frost flow onto the bog and withdrawing the flood with equal rapidity can be practised safely on relatively few of our bogs. It works best on small bogs that are level or with- in 3 or 4 inches of grade. Small, green cranberries, growing active- ly, require more oxygen for res- piration than can usually be ob- tained from water when they are flooded. Generally, in July and early August, the small berries will stand immersion for a few hours, but prolonging their stay under water for more than six hours is likely to smother them. In addition to the need for a level bog and quick flooding, a grower needs a very substantial reservoir (one that remains reasonably high even in drought) to be able to use the "flash-flood" for irrigation. In
any case it is probably unwise to flow a bog during the blooming per- iod for it is felt that most of the infection causing fruit rots occurs during bloom and a flood would only distribute the spores and in- crease the infection.
The three methods of cranberry irrigation mentioned, above leaves much to be desired, one way or another. The staff at the Cran- berry Station has been making a considerable study of this prob- lem, and since it is not one of easy solution, takes this opportunity to urge growers to submit any ideas they may have.
Dr. Franklin's Initial Work in 1930
At the Station, we looked up the record of the past study on cran- berry irrigation — it does not re- veal much, but as miiht have been expected, it was Dr. Franklin who did some initial work back in 1930. He set up a sim'ple test after drought conditions had, become established. He poured water through an open-end hose onto a small area of Early Blacks and a similar area of Howes. About an inch of water was applied each week for the remainder of the growing season. The crop in each area was 50 per cent greater than in the surrounding areas, the ber- ries were larger in size, and rip- ened about ten days earlier than the unwatered areas. Dr. Franklin feels that the vines may have profited as much from the lower- ing of air temperatures over the irrigated spots as they did, from getting a "drink." This poses one of the problems we must solve: what is the value of irrigation in lowering air temperatures, how can this temperature effect be best achieved?
For those bogs that have enough water to fill the ditches in summer- time, we are proposing the use of small, portable gasoline-driven centrifugal pumps to force water at about 200 gallons per minute from the ditch onto the middle of bog sections through any 2-3 inch conduit or pipe. The water simply pours out the end, and spreads over the surface — usually to a dis- tance of about 50 feet in all di- rections in an hour. By breaking the pipe at successive spots along
the middle of the section it is pos- sible "to wet up" the dryest areas of a section at the rate of an acre in two or three hours.
More Irrigation Needed
Our greatest problem is that of finding inexpensive 2-3 inch con- duit. Ordinary irrigation pipe costs 50e a foot or more. Orangeburg drainage tile costs about 40c a foot. Gutter spouting can probably be obtained for 20c or less a foot. First tests with flexible sausage casings (cost about 6c a linear foot) are not entirely encouraging. The pressure necessary to send water 300 to 400 feet onto the bog is sometimes enough to rupture the casing, and in any case, the glycer- ine that is responsible for keeping the casing pliable largely washes out with the first use of the tube. Rigid plastic tubes have so far proved to be as expensive as metal pipe or more so, and not as dur- able.
We cannot say as yet what will be the eventual solution (or more probably "solutions") to cranberry irrigation, but if irrigation can in some years double our crop, keep the vines healthy and vigorous toward the next crop, and ripen the berries ten days earlier, then Cape Cod's cranberry bogs need more irrigation than they have been getting. We vnll be working on this problem along with the others from now on.
POLE CONSTRUCTION CUTS BUILDING COST
Sheds, storage and shelters, (such as might be used around cranberry bogs) constituting prim- ar'y a roofed-over area can usually be built at less cost by using pole construction.
Post holes outlining the build- ing are readily dug with tractor- mounted auger. Firmly set poles require little cross bracing to give the building stability.
Rafter supports are notched into the top of the poles and bolted to- gether. Construction of rafters and roofinti follows traditional practice.
For long service, be sure to use pressure-treated pole-, recommends W. C. Krueger, extension farm en- gineer at Rutgrs University, N. J.
Elshl
NEW JERSEY GROWERS HOLD 83rd ANNUAL MEETING
Theodore H. Budd, Jr., Succeeds Arthur Codding- ton As President; "Ed" V. Lipman Becomes First Vice- President
President Archer Coddington called the annual meetng of the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation to order at 10:45 a. m., on Jan. 29, at Fenwick Hall, Pember- ton. He stated that we should all takd encouragement at the fine way in which the selling oi'ganziation disposed of last year's crop. He feels that a kind word is in order for a job well done. Mr. Codding- ton further stated that no matter what our politics are, we would all benefit if the new administration in Washington will hold taxes from going higher, and possibly finally make a cut in taxes. He concluded by saying, "We have had a new deal and a fair deal, and now I think we could stand an:ther deal." Sparganothis Fruitworm
Phillip Marucci presented a de- tailed report on all information available on Sparganothis fruit- worm, on which he had concentra- ted much time and effort this past season. New records indicate that Sparganothis infestation may build up on individual bogs rather than being chiefly subject to moths fly- ing in from outside territory in the Spring. This would help consider- ably in developing control methods. A careful study of habits and life history further indicates that there is a critical period from approxi- mately May 13 to June 5, when spraying may be most eff'ective. At other times of the growing sea- son, different generations of the pest overlap so that there is al- ways a considerable part of the population in a protected stage. Seedlings
Austin Goheen presented some interesting 1952 hai-vest records from his seedling evaluation plots which showed a great improve- ment of crop on areas not har- vested the previous year, namely, 59 barrels per acre as compared with 14 barrels per acre on sections that were scooped in 1951. Goheen's point was that harvesting by dry scooping is highly injurious to the vines. Portions of bog on
which he left the crop untouched in 1951, outyielded other portions harvested both in 1951 and 1952 by the ratio of 59 to 14. Goheen men- tioned that it was even mere start- ling to find that the berries on the better vines also had much better keeping quality.
Fertilizing
Charles Doehlert reviewed cran- berry fertilizer experiments and stated that "the best general cran- berry fertilizing procedure in New Jersey is an annual application of 200 pounds per acre of 8-8-8 (either with or without 2 percent magne- sium), applied between May 15 and June 15. If the vine growth tends to be rank, omit fertilizer for a year. If vine growth in August is still sparse and leaf size is small, apply another 100 pounds per acre of the same fertilizer during the first week in October, or as soon after that as harvest permits." Officers
Officers elected for the coming year were: Theodore H. Budd, Jr., if Pembei'ton, president; Edward V. Lipman, New Brunswick, fiirst vice- president; Thomas B. Darlington, Whitesbog, second vice-president; Charles A. Doehlert, Pemberton, secretary-treasurer.
Austin Goheen Goes From Jersey To Beltsville, Md.
An unc::pected development of the meeting was the announcement that Austin Goheen is to terminate his present assignm'snt on cran- berry and blueberry disease re- search in New Jersey. In March he will take over the work of J. B. DeMaree, retired small fruits pathologist, U. S. D. A. at Belts- ville, Maryland.
He will be succeeded in New Jersey by Eugene Barney, a gradu- ate of the University of Massa- chusetts and of the post graduate school at the University of Wis- consin. In his supervisory capacity at Beltsville, Goheen looks forward to furthering experimental pro- jects in cranberry and, blueberry research work.
Goheen, a native of Bellingham, Washington has been in New Jer- sey since 1950. He obtained his B. S. degree at the University of Washington and his master's de- gree at the Washington State Col- lege lat Pullman, Washington. For a time he was stationed at the Long Beach (Washington) Cran- berry-Blueberry Laboratory under D. J. Crowley. He later received his Phd.
In New Jersey he suceeded the late Dr. Raymond Wilcox.
Dr. B. B. Pepper's Discussion On New Insecticides
Dr. Bailey B. Pepper, Chairman of the Department of Entomology at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, gave a re- sume of interesting facts about new insecticides at the 8.3rd annual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association at Pemberton. The highlights of his talk are given here.
The outstanding quality of DDT in the development of new insecti- cides was that it was the first con- tact insecticide that would remain active for a long period after its application. Soon after farmers had begun to use it a series of new pests began to appear. They were insects which under previous con- ditions had remained subdued, but because of the great change which DDT caused in the biological popu- lation, particularly of parasites, these new pests were enabled to be- come permanent. Examples on ap- ples are the red-banded leaf roller, which is now more damaging than the codling moth, for which DDT was adopted, mites and scale in- sects. On peaches the lesser peach-
Nine
tree borer has now become a sev- ere pest. In addition, several in- sect pests have been able to develop an immunity to DDT such as house flies, mosquitoes and some moths.
TDE and methoxychlor are im- provements on DDT in certain ways and have the advangtage of being less toxic to warm blooded animals.
BHC has shown so many disad- vantages that it would probably be a good thing if it could be pushed out of use in agriculture. Lindane, which is a refined material and the eompartively pure gamma isomar of BHC, will have a prom- inent place in the future.
Toxaphene, a chlorinated cam- phene, is most useful on live stock and cotton.
The chlorinated materials, which are known as chlordane, heptach- lor, aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin. indrin, are all probably more hazardous on food crops than DDT.
The organic phosphates, para- thion, TEPP. EPN, are extremely toxic to both insects and animals and with these we ought to give humans a slight break and have a thought as to their safety. Mala- thon is a similar material which is less hazardous to use and presents less cf a problem in regard to resi- dues on the crop. With all four of these organic phosphates we have already found several insects developing immunities.
Systemic insecticides are those which introduce a compound into the tissues of the plant so that the insects feeding upon the plant are thereby automatically poisoned. This is "dynamite" and may fit in with the culture of ornamentals, but on food crops they are probably a long way from practical use.
In the line of research, we definitely need more data on the amount of residues which may be expected to be still remaining on the crops at harvest time, if these new insecticides have been used. Research men are urged, in their experiments, to remember to take samples for this purpose. When chemical control methods can be dispensed with in favor of natural control, or taking advantage of our knowledge of the pest and using cultural methods such as cultiva- ting, or plowing, or seeding at a certain time, or choosing resistant
TeD
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM
USE
ROJENONE and RYAN/A
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
varieties, the research man should be alert to these opportunities.
Two Cranberry
Pc^errchers Speak At Science Meeting
The anrual meeting of the New Fn^lsnd Se tion of the American F'ocietv for Horticultural Science was held in the Biological Labora- trrv, Harvard University, Jan. 30 and -1. The American Society for T'orticu'tural Science is an organ- i^ation composed of professional re:ple engaged in the study of fruits, ornamentals, vegetables and general horticulture.
Two members of the Cranberry Station Staff pi-esented' paper at the meetings. Prof. J. S. Bailey presented the results of studies he made with Prof. Drake of Amherst on the "Correction of Magnesium Deficiency in Cultivated Blueber- ries". This paper gave the leaf analysis of plants where the soil had been treated with different
amounts of magnesium sulfate and dolametic limestone. - The data showed that either material in- creased the magnesium content of leaves above that in untreated plants. Prof. Bailey presented an- other paper on "New Materials for Controlling Weeds in Strawber- ries". This paper was illustrated with slides showing the effect of CH No. 1 and Sesin on the weed population in strawberries.
The "Effect of Containers on Keeping Quality of Cranberries" was presented by Prof. F. B. Chandler. This paper reported the number of spoiled berries per pound in fruit which had been packed in Vi barrel boxes, window boxes and cellophane bags. For this study eight lots of berries were used, four Early Blacks and four Howes which had been chosen as two poor keeping and two good keeping of each variety. Prof. Chandler also reported on the "Salt Content of Some Cranberry Soils' which was based on a rather higli .salt com-ent in a cranberry bog (Continued on Page 13)
(^ditbdals
Vol. 17-No. 10 ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 1953
1^ *;;^«ic««ea«-,«,jH^
MORE BERRIES AT LESS COST
lyiASSACHUSETTS State Cranberry Ad-
visory Committee at a recent meeting agreed that major emphasis should be di- rected in the immediate future towards ,(1) raising more berries per acre; (2) im- proving the quality of our package and (3) cutting production costs. These aims apply equally well to all cranbei'ry areas.
Of the necessity of all three there can be little doubt, but more importantly the first and last. Agricultural prices seem to be trending down, generaly speaking. The nation's farmers in 1952 averaged about 3 percent lower than in 1951, and some fur- ther trend down is expected for this year of 1953. We, ourselves, and you too, have noted slightly lower prices for many items when we go to the store to shop.
Agriculture is racing ahead in compli- cations and technical changes. It will, how- ever be based more soundly on a foundation of scientific facts.
The grower who wants to prosper most must make every effort within his means to increase production acre-wise and to cut production costs. We may be in for a price- cost squeeze on net income.
SEX IN ADVERTISING
ADVERTISING! Advertising sells what
you have to sell — of about every nature. We, naturally, believe in advertising. This is a part of our business.
So we read with much interest that U. S. companies last year shelled out a record $7,000,000,000 for advertising and the top 50 U. S. advertisers in that single year sold nearly $90,000,000,000 in produce with the help of advertising.
And what was the principal ingredient used in their advertising? It was the fem- inine form and facej Models received up to $70 an hour for posing.
Now, we are finding no great fault with the cranberry advertising, taken as a whole, last year. But if sex, is the principal sales- man in advertising, how do we "sex" up cranberry advertising? To be sure, we have our cranberry queens to obtain cran- berry publicity, and ads which feature women preparing cranberry dishes.
The foregoing is more or less facetious. But do we need to make our cranberries, somehow, have more sex appeal? If all
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $8.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington— Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
Mev
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, P. E. MARUCCI
Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey
indications are true, we are going to have more cranberries to sell each year in the near future. Anyhow, sex appeal in adver- tising of cranberries is a bright thought in these dull days of February.
"^ATURE has been behaving queerly this Winter, even for Nature. January was a month, when most inhabitants of most cranberry areas button up their overcoats and shovel snow. Instead this year the situation was such they needed umbrellas, or sou'westers to keep'em dry, and Spring clothing to keep'em from feeling uncom- fortably warm. But on the whole such un- usual weather has aided crop prospects.
Eleven
Above photo was taken at the wedding January 17 of David W. Eldredge, superintendent of the famed "Edaville" at South Carver, Mass., and nephew of the late Ellis D. Atwood and Mrs. Atwood. The bride is the former Eleanor Margaret Fava. Mr. Eldredge is the .=-.on of Mr. and Mrs. LeRoy L. Eldredge of Wareham and Mrs. Eldredge, the daughter of John Francis Fava of Carver. (CRANBERRIES Photo)
Twelve
Researchers Speak
(Continued trom Page 10)
which had not been inundated b;- the salt water during the hurricane. The salt content of this bog was compared with the salt content in some bogs which had been inun- dated during the hurricane. The salt content of reservoirs and ditch water was also presented. Slides were shown to illustrate the soil type and the salt crystals on surface.
Dr. C. M. Darrow Addresses Blueberry Growers of Mass.
A continuing bright future for the cultivated blueberry industry was foreseen at the annual meeting of the outheastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association at its annual meeting Monponsett Ho- tel, Halifax, January 9th. To broad- en the scope of the group the name was changed to Massachusetts Cultivated Blueberry Association. Fifty-one persons attended.
Principal speaker was Dr. George M. Darrow of the Beltsville, Mary- land, station of the United States Department of Agriculture, who discussed new recent varieties of the fruit. Dr. Darrow is in charge of the U. S. cross-breeding program for blueberries and cranberries.
He told of the new varieties; the Erliblue, which replaces the Weymouth, saying it is earliest of the various varieties to fruit, and is a vigorous, healthy grower with heavy production. He said the Berkeley is the sweetest of the new varieties, and produces large clusters for easy picking. He said he thought the Herbert, recently introduced, has wonderful com- mercial possibilities. He spoke, also of the Coville, telling how this berry fruited late, extending the season after Labor Day in New England. The Ivanhoe, the final berry he said was suitable for cul- tivation from North Carolina, northward.
Dr. Darrow painted an optimistic future for the cultivated blueberry business, and said he expected con- tinued breeding work would pro- duce even hardier and better varie- ties. He touched upon new devel- opments in crossing the low-bush fruit with the high-bush to make a more compact plant which can be better protected from birds at fruiting time.
Many Hybrids There are 9,000 new hybrids be- ing grown by the Department of Agriculture in Michigan, he as- serted and 14,000 hybrids, mainly
\\nJiaHffuul
CTIANBERRIES
"If they're INDIAN TRAIL they're from Wiscon- sin". INDIAN TRAIL is Wisconsin's own sales agency.
Craniierry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPEDS WISCONSIN
high bush growing at the farm of J. Herbert Alexander at Middle- boro. Additional plantings of the crosses are in North Carolina and Georgia.
The speaker said he had made trips to Mexico, South America and Europe to study blueberries and find new species for breeding to improve the American fruit in hardiness and disease resistance.
The head table guests at a ban- quet preceding the meeting in- cluded Dr. Darrow, President Glea- s:n L. Archer of Pembroke, Mr. and Mrs. John B. Bailey, Dr. and Mrs. F. B. Chandler of the East Wareham Experiment Station, Mrs. Maybelle Kelley of East Wareham, acting secretary, and Mr. and Mrs. Alexander of Middleboro. Dr. H. J. Franklin and J. Richard Beattie were guests, re-elected president, Mr. Alexan-
Ofl'icers elected were Dr. Archer, der, first vice-president; George R. Briggs of Plymouth, second vice- president; Maurice B. Elliott of Hanson, secretary-treasurer; di- rectors, Paul E. Crosby, Quiney, for one year; J. Foxcroft Carletan, East Sandwich, two years; O. Wel- lington Steward, Kingston, for three years. Mr. Alexander was named chairman of publicity.
CHICKEN 'N CRANBERRIES
ON INAUGURAL MENU
President Eisenhower, on Inau- guration Day ate a lunch which in- cluded chicken and cranberry jelly on the menu according to a United Press release sent out a few days before the event and noted by NCA.
To the National, this was another
proof that the "Chicken 'n Cran- berries" campaign of NCA had "caught on" and the combination is being recognized.
CROWLEY FORESEES
FAVORABLE WASHINGTON
WINTER FOR '53 CROP
Speaking at the first 195.3 meet- ing of the Peninsula Cranberry Club, Long Beach, Washington, D. J. Crowley cited long-range weather forecasts that predicted warm January and February weather. This would tend to ih- dicate a good crop next fall, thfe head of the Cranberry-Blueberry Station said.
Dr. Crowley also discussed peat and the drainage of peat soils. He asserted that peat, being decayed, vegetable matter, settles when it is exposed to air by cultivation and the growing of crops; which means that the land gets lower by the disintegration of peat and demands greater eflforts to keep it properly drained. For that reason he believed that cranberries are an ideal crop for the Peninsula.
President Don Tilden was in charge of the meeting. Other speak- ers included Leonard Morris, dis- cussing niaiketing and Dr. J. Har- old Clarke gave an account of his attendance at a meeting of the Western Washington Horticultural Society recently at Puyaliup.
Thirteen
Winners In ACE EATMOR Contest Announced
Virginia Housewife Award- ed Red Cadillac As Top Prize From More Than 210,000 Entries — To In- crease Budget This Year A meeting- of the American Cranberry Exchange was held at New Bedford, Mass., Jan. 19 and 20. At that time a decision was made to appropriate, for advertis- ing, in 1953 the sum of $250,000. This is about $42,000 more than the budget for 1952.
Lloyd Williams, merchandising director, said, "I think we have a successful formula for selling cran-
berries, and want to takt^ advan- tage of it." One thought was to name a "Miss Eatmor" to travel the United States, putting in a plug for Eatmor brand on her trips.
Winners of the 1952 "Winmor with Eatmor," contest were of- ficially announced at a special meeting during the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association at Los Angeles on January 28. Cus- t:mers, brokers and friends of ACE were present at the meeting which was a highlight of the convention. Those attending from the Exchange included Harold E. Bryant, General Manager; E. C. McGrew, Eastern Sales Manager; Lester F. Haines, Western Sales Manager and Charles F. Hutchinson and John F. Manning of Chambers & Griswell, Inc., Boston, the agency which
TRUFANT STRAIGHT-LINE PUMPS
There will be six of these new pumps available this Spring — three for the Cape and three for Wiscon- sin. I expect to deliver and supervise installation of of these pumps personally in April.
Will one of them be yours? Why not?
These pumps, unassisted by storage, will frost- flow five or six acres under normal conditions, and fur- nish drainage by reversing on as much or more bog. Under favorable storage conditions, twelve or fifteen acres could be handled.
These pumps are installed much like the pre- fabricated flumes. No concrete, no siling, just lower the whole thing into a wet trench and backfill it right in. And all parts subject to wear or breakage are low-cost, mass-produced outboard motor parts. Ideal for the man who has to pump both on and off.
Have you seen the one at Francis Phillip's bog at Smelt Pond, near Plymouth-Kingston line? Float- controlled with gasoline engine!
Bog Railroad for Rental
Kb Ab
Tel. Carver 64-11
NORTH CARVER, MASS.
handles the "Eatmor" advertising.
There were 210,000 entries from people all over the United States, who entered the- limerick contest,, trying for first prize of a cranberry led Cadillac' convertible, or a lesser award. Winner jf the Cadillac was Mrs. Iris Theil Berry, 33, a house- wife of Lorton, Virginia.
Winner of the grocers' display contest, top prize a new Chevrolet, was Albert John Weiss of the Weiss Super Market, St. Louis, Mo.
Winners of other prizes as de- termined by the Reuben H. Don- nelly Corporation were:
General Electric Ranges
Mrs. Susan Hayward, Fresno, California; Mrs. M. S. Snyder, Hammett, Idaha; Mrs. Francis Neal, Lexington, Illinois; Mrs. Earle C. Mitchell, Portland, Maine; Mrs. George Gannon, St. Louis, Missouri; Mrs. J. E. Richardson, Zanesville, Ohio; J. W. Hess, En- triken, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Johnnie Wade, Fort Worth, Texas; Laval- ette Tinsley Woody, Danville, Virginia.
$10 Cash Awards
Mrs. Tennie Motlow, Birming- ham, Alabama; Mrs. E. L. Cotting- ham, Redwood City, California; Mrs. Nellie S. Donnelly, Colorado Springs, Colorado; Mrs. J. A. Gag- liardi, Denver, Colorado; Miss Ethel Stiff, Denver, Colorado; Mrs. J. E. Savage, Englewood, Colorado;
(Continued on Page 16)
Photo (cpposite page shows a scene at the Hotel Biltmore, Los Angeles, Cal., Jan. 28, when win- ners of the limerick and cranberry display contests were announced. Pictured are Harold E. Bryant, ACE Gen. Mgr.; Miss Gloria Win- ters, Hollywood starlet; Walter O'Keefe of "Double or Nothing" and Miss Janie Thompson, who is "Miss Louisiana."
Mr. O'Keefe was master of cere- monies, and other Hollywood stars included Bud Abbott and Lou Cos- tello, Adolphe Menjou, Ralph Ed- wards, "Jo" Stafford, Joan Taylor. Two-way Icng distance telephone circuits were established to points around the country to bring the surprised voices of the winners to the crowd of some 500 Eatmor dis-' tributors and retailers attending the party.
Fmirtttca
FifUen
Ace Winners
(Continued from Page 14)
Miss Betty Jane Godfrey, Lake- land, Florida; Stella G. Ellis, Hazle- ton, Indiana; Edward W. Slye, Des Moines, Iowa; Mrs. D. Ray Dunlap, Logan, Iowa; Mrs. Maurice Bren- den, Whiting, Iowa; Mrs. Tom Starr, Raymond, Kansas; Rev. Norman Ku:k, Rochester, Michigan; Robert S. Staples, Kansas City, Missouri; Mae D. Haitt, Lincoln, Nebraska; Miss Mildred O. Noble, Lockport, N. Y.; Mrs. Robert Shoe- maker, Akron, Ohio; Mrs. H. H. Pettey, Blackwell, Oklahoma; Katherine McGinley, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Kathleen Crane, Falls Church, Virginia; Mrs. Mar- cel Shickel, Harrisonburg, Virginia; Angela Mayer, Spokane, Washing- ton; Margaret E. Tomarkin, Men- asha, Wisconsin; Mrs. Vera Seter, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Here are the names of the win- ning retailers in the Eatmor dis- nlay contest as announced Jan. 28 by the judges — Richard G. Zimmer- man, Super Market Merchandising; Robert W. Mueller, The Progres- sive Grocer; and Julian H. Hand- ler, Supermarket News.
Winchester Rifles or Shotguns Richard Van Osdahl, Berg's Town Mart, Portland, Oregon; Ed- mund K. Naidich, Sumners Food Market, Tampa, Florida; Otto O. Walberg, Terminal Fruit Mai-ket, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Jack Allen, Allen's Markets No. 2, Provo, Utah; Charlie Wise, Kroger Store R-81, Johnson City, Tennessee; Carl Zimmerman, Zimmerman's 12 Mile Store, Gresham, Oregon; William Ehlers, Kroger Detrcit Branch D-237, Saginaw, Michigan; Ed Rucker, Kroger Store No. V-157, Memphis, Tennessee; Marvin Brown, Piggly Wiggly Store, St. Cloud, Minnesota; Hugo Carlson, Humpty-Dumpty Super Market, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
More Cypsy Air Control for Mass. This Season
As this issue goes to press it ap- pears that at least a portion cf Bristol County, Mass., will be air sprayed for gypsy moth this year. This is important to the Bay State
cranben-y growers as Bristol ad- joins Plymouth County which has been DDT controlled as has Barn- stable. There has been drift of the inse:t from Bristol, so that the two counties which pr:duce the bulk of the crop were in danger of being infested again.
A block of Bristol in the south- Gin section, which is about one- third of the county will be treated, i1 is anticipated. County Commis- sioners have appropriated $30,000, the State can put up $70,000, and town could anticipate. Most of the few bogs of Bristol are in a more northerly section than that to be sprayed, but the work will be of benefit. The b'ock to be covered abuts Rhode Island and it is hoped that state will take up the program.
Aiding in getting the program under way were cranberry growers and Bristol County Agent, Charles W. Harris.
"CRANBERRIES THANKS TO
TELEPHONES"
The Bell Telephone News, Chi- cago, Illinons, in its December is- sue had an article "Cranberries, Thanks to Telephones."
"What has the telephone to do with cranberries?" is asked in the article. It then goes on to explain "Plenty. One bad turn in the weather can blight a crop. A shifting or fast moving storm or cold front leaves no time for guess- work. The growers must have d.ef- inate, up-to-the-minute informa- tion, if they are to save the ber- ries."
An explanation is then given of the way frost warnings are han- dled "in our neighboring state of Wisconsin." Description goes on as to how an official of the U. S. Weather Bureau at Wisconsin Rap- ids daily calls the Chicago Weather Bureau during April, May, Sep- tember and October, and then com- bines this with local inform'ation to make his forecast. This he telephones to the weather bureau at Madison, from where the fore- cast is relayed to the Associated Press and United Press. These wire services send, by teletype and telephone, the forecast to news- papers and radio stations in the
Wisconsin cranberry area.
This same forecast is used on the weather broadcast over the Wisconsin State Broadcasting Service Network, which reaches 90 per cent of the growers daily except Sundays. So on each Sab- bath the Wisconsin Rapids fore- caster makes four phone calls to radio stations in the growing area and they rebroadcast weather news for the cranberry men. Tel- ephone calls are also made to a few key growers in various areas. They begin a series of telephone calls which ultimately reach every cranberry man. Calls, too, are made to the radio stations still on the air which include weather warnings in their late broadcasts.
Dissemination of forecasts in Massachusetts, the article contin- ues, depends entirely upon the tel- ephone. Forecasts are made at the East Wareham Cranberry Experi- ment Station, and, from there calls j are sent to distributors in various towns and telephone exchanges. These key points make from 15 to 25 calls each.
(Note: A copy of this Bell Tele- phone News article was kindly sent us by Bert Leasure of the Leasure-Koller Cranberry Com- pany, Manitowish Waters, Wiscon- sin).
TOBACCO HIGH IN OUR ECONOMY
Tobacco has played an important role in the agricultural economy of Ameri:-a. Almost every phase of our economy and social life, since the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, has been enriched through the wealth created by this crop. In ad- dition to being one of our great- est sources of Federal revenue, it is an important source of income to farmers growing it.
In 1950, according to the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, tobacco production in this country was 2,035,915,000 pounds with a value estimated to be more than a billion dollars. Taxes on the crop col- lected by Internal Revenue totalled $84,648,198. (Better Crops with Plant Food.)
The average farm today produces for about 29 people; back in 1930 the average farm provided for less than 20 people.
Silt*
WINTER PRUNING DEMANDS CARE
Pruning cf shrubs can be carried out tliroughout the Fall, Winter and early Spring. One point of safety might be mentioned — any tree pruning done by the home gardner that requires him to climb into branches can be a hazard.
It is so easy to tell dead branches from live ones in the Winter as it would be when the tree was in leaf. Great care is urged upon doing this type of work. (Rutgers, N. J.)
WASHINGTON '52 BERRY CROP
Total value of small fruit crops in Washington for 1952 is listed by the Department of Agriculture as $12,002,000. Of this production cranberries accounted for |450,000; blueberries (cultivated) $409,000. Strawberries were the most im- portant of the small fruits.
WANTED
WORKING MANAGER
For 2 small cranberry bogs.
April to October. Good wages.
Knowledge of cranberries essential.
Write, giving age, experience and general detail to Box 34, Green- bush, Mass.
AMERICA'S INDUSTRIAL
PROGRESS OUTSTRIPS
THE WORLD—
IN THIS ACHIEVEMENT.
ELECTRICITY
PLAYS A TREMENDOUS ROLE.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 200
TEL. 1300
itiC=.Cid'=J3^'n'ri&ta&r-
Eatmor Cranberries
Every member of this cranberry cooperative is a vital part in the merchandising program of the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange which is rebuilding fresh cranberry outlets and re-establishing the cranberry industry on a prosperous basis.
Join us now and assist in orderly and efficient mar- keting for 1953.
New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) Telephone 200 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
fyCCWl /hrCUl Is Building Another Tradition Cranberry Sauce for Valentine's Day
• • • •
WHAT
MAKES
A
TRADITION?
SIMPLY
REPEATED
USE.
While retaining the time-honored tradition of "cranberry sauce for Thanksgiving," Q Ocean Spray is building new traditions to provide a longer, wider cranberry season.
One of these new traditions-in-the-making is cranberry sauce for Valentine's . . . served
»" with chicken. It's a natural. Cranberry sauce is red. It can easily be cut into heart shapes.
^ cOr made into Valentine-red salads or desserts. • 1
I Won't you, as a cranberry grower, join us in the building of this tradition by serving
cranberry hearts with chicken at your house on Valentine's Day?
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN
SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass. Tel. AR 5-6100. 6-6101
WATER WHITE
KEROSENE
For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT
Prompt Delivery Service
Franconia Coal Co.
- INC. -
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R
CHRYSLER
Industrial Enginei
"HOPSEPOWER WITH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
AUTO
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
SERVICES
• • • U
"cranberries" was the original and still is the only I general magazine of the industry, you should be a regular reader.
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BOG SERVICE & SUPPLIES
INSECTICIDES
FERTILIZERS
FUNGICIDES
Agent for
WIGGINS AIRWAYS
Helicopter Spray and Dust Service
R. F. MORSE
WEST WAREHAM. MASS.
LOANS
THE NATIONAL FARM LOAN ASSOCIATION of Bridgewater
2 Central Square Bridgewater. Mass.
Federal Land Bank Loans ■4>,:% Lonii Term. Tel. .5377
Western Pickers
Incorporated 1172 Hemlock Avenue
Coos Bay, Oregon
Western Pickers, Inc., of Coos Bay, Oregon, announces the appointment again this year of the Franlc Cook Agency of South Middleboro, Mass., as its service represen- tative in Massachusetts.
His shop, at Spruce and Locust Streets in South Middleboro, will be open from April 1st till after pick- ing season, where he will service, remodel or repair your old machines.
Sales agents for Western Pickers in Massachusetts are — Mr. Nahum Morse, East Freetown, phone No. Roch- ester 32-12 — and Mr. Louis Sherman, 7 Cushman Street, Plymouth.
These two grower-agents will explain the long time history of Western Picker harvesting on their own bogs (the good and the bad points) and will also explain to you how you may easily own one without too much money down.
Remember that the West- ern Picker is the only patented cranberry harvester that both picks and prunes. (ADVT)
Two
FRESH CRANBERRY INSTITUTE ON INACTIVE BASIS
The Fresh Cranberry Institute, with headquai-ters at 2 West 56th St., New Yorli, under the supervi- sion of Robert! Knox (former editor of Cranberry World) is to be on an inactive basis, it was voted at the annual meeting at the A. D. Makepeace Company office, Ware- ham, Mass., February 16th. The influencing factor in this was the withdrawal of American Cranberry Exchange, which has decided to concenti'ate its advertising funds in the pushing of EATMOR sales, along the lines of its successful campaign of last year. ACE pro- vided about 75 percent of the funds available to the Institutte.
The plan, as originally set up about two years ago was to enable the promotion of fresh cranberries, under a single operation by both the major fresh fruit coop, ACE and independents.
Attending the meeting were' Har- old Bryant of ACE, Orrin Colley of Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc., Howard Morse of Morse Brothers, Attleboro, Mass., Melville C. Beaton of the Beaton Distribu-
ting Agency, Wareham. Other members were represented by proxy. President Russell Make- peace presided.
Mr. Knox, who handles the Blue- berry Institute and other advertis- ing accounts will maintain the of- fice on 56th street, even though cranberries will no longer be con- cerned. The corporation charter will not be dissolved, however.
Other members of the Institute than those attending were Decas Bros., of Wareham, Mass., and An- thony DeMarco of Hammondton, New Jersey.
Cape Equipment Show, Meeting April 11th
Spring meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, which includes the euipment show, is to be Saturday, April 11 at Me- morial Town Hall, Wareham. The date was moved forward from the latter part of the month, because of the possibility of frost warn- ings, which have previously called growers away.
Display of machinery begins at 10 a. m. At noon will come the customary lunch, cafeteria style. Afternoon will be given over to talks by members of the Experi- ment Station staff.
YOUR jeV. DEALER FOR
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
Power Equipment
To Assist The Operation
And Maintenance of
Your Bogs
ALSO I. H. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
FIELD -BROOK EQUIPMENT Inc.
Bedford St.
East Bridgewater
Phone E. B. 8-2761
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
The popular telephone frost warn- ing service sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Associa- tion is available to all Massachu- setts cranberry growers. Frost warning applications have been mailed, out to growers who have used this service the last few years. If a grower has not received an application, but would like to re- ceive one, please notify Mrs. Ruth Beaton, Treasurer of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Associa- tion, Wareham, or the writer. Last year there were 188 frost subscribers. Frankly, more are needed if the present frost fees or rates are to be maintained. There are certainly more than 188 grow- ers who profit from this program. 2.50 contributors would guarantee an economic and efficient frost service. We suggest that each grower who values this work sign up at least one new member this spring.
The 1953 Insect Disease and Weed Continol Charts have been printed. Growers should receive their copies from the County Agent's offices by the middle of March. Extra copies are available at the County Ex- tension offices or here at the Cran- berry Experiment Station. We suggest that growers study the important Summary of Pest Con- trol Recommendations listed, at the top of the chart. Blanket control measures, flooding treatments, and an explanation of the use of the insect net are found in this section. We would like tn stress again the importance of good timing and thorough applications of pesticides in order to get maximum results. Major Change The first major change in the body of the Insect and Disease Control Chart was made under the section on Gypsy Moth Caterpillars. It also applies to False .Army and
Blossom Worms, Weevils and Green
Spanworms. A new treatment for these pests was add,ed to the chart which recommentds the use of a 9% water miscible DDT concen- trate applied by aircraft at the rate of three gallons per acre. This is practically the same treatment which proved so sucicessful in checking "gypsies" in Barnstable and Plymouth Counties in 1949 and 1950.
The section on Rose Bloom was omitted from the chart since this disease is now of so little im- portance in Massachusetts. When using Ferbam or Bordeaux mix- ture for Fruit Rot Control, the new chart recommends 300-400 gal- lons per acre. If Ferbam is used as a dust, it should be increased to 75 lbs. per acre. Before leaving the subject of fruit rot, growers are remind,ed of Dr. Franklin's Pre- liminary Keeping Quality Forecast. It will be issued early in April and will assist growers in determining the bogs on which the water flood might be held late in order to im- prove the keeping quality.
For Blackheaded Fireworms, a 10% rather than a 57r DDT dust is recommended as one of the treat- ments. lO'v DDD dust replaces lead arsenate as a control for Yel- lowheaded Fireworms. The 2% Rntenone d.ust was omitted from the new chart as a ti'eatmen for Blunt-nosed Leafhoppers. Under the section on Spittle Insects, the 24-hour flood was given first pref- erence. It should be made as the first few blossoms open. In ad- dition to the 9% water miscible DDT concentrate recom'mended for Green Spanworms, a DDT ground spray was also added to the chart. A 10% DDT dust replaces lead arsenate as a treatment for Brown Spanworms. A DDT ground, spray replaces lead arsenate as a ti'eat-
ment for Spotted and Black Cut- worms and .Army Worms.
The Cranberry Weed Control Chart received its share of atten- tion but only a few changes were made. Growers should study the important section on General Notes on Weed Control found at the top of the chart. We corrected the glar- ing error in last year's chart as to the size of a square rod. The new chart states than one square rod equals 16% feet square. The Weed Index is a useful guide in locating weed treatments quickly. They are listed in order of pref- erence. The Ferric Sulfate Treat- ment was omitted from the new chart in view of more effective chemicals that cause less damage to vines. Hairdhack can be con- trolled with 2,4-D which is a new chemical treatment for this weed. Royal and Cinammon Ferns can be checked with Nitrate of Soda which is a new treatment for these particular ferns.
A Cranberry Labor meeting was held at the A. D. Makepeace Com- pany office, Wareham, February 24. Growers, representatives of the Massachusetts Division of Employ- ment Security, County Agents and the writer were present. The pur- pose of this meeting was to de- termine whether imported workers would be needed this spring and summer. After carefully consider- ing the problem, it was decided that Puerto Ricans would not be needed until the harvest season. However, should the labor problem become acute before next fall, it was sug- gested that growers contact their local employment offices so that ar- rangements could be made to im- port workers. The employment service must have "work orders" prior to any imported labor pro- gram. Frank J. Butler, Chairman of the Labor Committee, presided at this meeting.
Approximately 25 million persons are employed in satisfying the de- mands of agriculture. Ten million are employed directly on the farms, 9 million in handling, processing and distribution, and 6 million in providing essential raw materials, machines, equipment and other goods and services necessary to modern agriculture.
TbrM
Bog Irrigation Discussed at Cape Meetings
The Cape club meetings were held March 10th and 11th. The Upper Cape Club met in Bruce Hall, Cotuit, for a supper at 6:30. President Charles Savery presided at the meeting which started at 7:30. The program consisted of a panel on cranberry irrigation and frost protection systems. Darrell Shepherd of the Barnstable Soil Consei-vation Service informed the gpowers about the type of infor- mation and sei-vice his office could supply to those desiring to use irrigation on cranberry bogs. Mr. Shepherd showed diagrams illus- trating the arrangement of mains, laterals and sprinkler heads for irrigating and for frost protection. He also gave an estimated price of $700 per acre if water was found near by with very little lift.
Dr. F. B. Chandler pointed out that irrigation was necessary be- cause of poor drainage in the past. He then outlined the methods of irrigation with the advantages and disadvantages of each. Dr. Chand- ler showed colored slides illustrat- ing different types of injury which occur in dry, hot weather. Fred Larsen of the Soil Conservation Service in Upper Darby, Pa., spoke on irrigation in other parts of the United States and other parts of the world. Following these speak- ers there was a very active discus- sion in which all members of the panel, Bill Richards of Veg-Acre Farms, Forestdale, Eniil St. -Jaques of Hayden Manufacturing Com- pany, Wareham, and Dr. C. E. Cross, and the speakers answered questions. Di-. Cross summed up the need for irrigation. Attendance atithe Upper Cape meting was very good.
Lower Cape
The Lower Cape Club meeting was held at the East Harwich Methodist Church following a ham and baked bean supper. President Drake presided. The same people were on the program as on the preceding evening, but at the Lower Cape meeting most of them presented their information as a talk and there was only a short
FoHr
discussion period. The attendance at the Lower Cape meeting was smaller than the pi-eceding month.
Bristol County (Mass.) Not To Be Gypsy Sprayed
Whereas last month (CRAN- BERRIES, February issue) it ap- peared at least a portion of Bris- tol County, Massachusetts which adjourns moth-controlled Plymouth County was to be air-sprayed, this project has now gone by the board. So reported Bristol County Agent Harold D. Woodwood at the Febru- ary ineeting of the Southeasteni Association Cranberry Club.
He said an appropriation, which had seemed asured by the Bristol County Commissioners is now not to be forthcoming, as the Commis- sioners have decided against the project. This does away with a State appropiration of about $70,- 000 which would have been avail- able in conjunction with county funds. This will now go to some other county. The only moth con- trol, as usual, then will be what is down by towns or cities on an indi- vidual basis.
The project of gypsy elimination in Bi-istcl had been spearheaded by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association as both the principal cranberry counties, Plymouth and Barnstable have been treated. It is feared heavy infestations in
Bristol, or other nearby counties not sprayed with DDT, may undo some of the excellent results which had been obtained in these areas.
Urann, Waite on Business Trip To Europe
NCA Oflficials to Make Study Of Government Commis- saries With View to In- creasing Cranberry Sales To Americans Abroad. j
Miarcus L. Urann, president of NCA and Ferris Waite, vice presi- dent in charge of growers .rela- tions, sailed from New York on the Queen Mary, Feb. 25, for Europe on a business trip. They intend to make a study of the opeartions of government stores or "PX's" and commissaries in France, Spain and Italy, with a view to increasing cranberry sales to Americans abroad who are eligible to buy from these supply bases. There will be some attention paid also to the idea of getting Europeans to eat cranberries, but this is very second- ary.
Messrs. Urann and Waite are to return April 5th on the Queen Elizabeth. This will be the first trip to Europe for both men.
Last July Miss Ellen Stillman, NCA executive vice president made a trip to England, Germany, '■ France and Italy. She made a study of super markets in Europe.
Cranberry Literature Exchange
• • •
Cranberry growers who have literature such as bulletins or articles pertaining to cianberries which they no longer want, may be intei'ested in securing other bulletins or articles which they do not have. Cranberries will try to assist you in exchanging the literature which you do not want for some of the articles which you do want. If you are interested, send us the title of the publi- cation you have for exchange to "CRANBERRIES," Wareham, Mass., and specify what you wish to have sent to you. We will publish the title you wish. As soon as it becomes available it will be forwarded to you.
This is a service offered by "CRANBERRIES" to get cran- berry literature to cranberry growers. It is a plan by which you send your duplicates or issues you no longer want for exchange for what you desire. Old issues of Cranberries may be sent in for newer issues or for other publications.
No charge for this service.
' rSSUE OF MARCH 1953. VOL. 17 NO, 11
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3 00 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
MASSACHUSETTS
February Sunshine Good
February sunshine turned out to have been a total of 167 hioui-s, which is one more ithan normal for that impoiitant month in this fac- tor, and considerably more than it was felt is needed to help produce a crop of good size. January was slightly below, but not very much, and this was help to the size of the berries.
Month Was Again Warm
The month was also six degrees a day above normal. Precipitation was 5.50 inches as recorded at the State Bog. Director Cross con- tinues to be inclined to. believe there will be a good production and also, good sized fruit. This, of course, goes only for conditions to date, but the set was also giood last year, although not exceptionally so. However, Cross thinks there will be plenty of flowers. Will There Be Enough Wild Bees?
But, not so favorable is a quite general feai-, from those who know best, there may be a seriwus scarcity of wild bees. They were adversly aff'ected by the drought of la.st June and July. There will probably be more colonies of honey bees placed at work than usual, to offset this deficiency.
Cold Days in March
Quite in contrast to pieceding months, and the fact that March came in like a lamb, by the end of the first week Old Man Winter hacif gripped all New England with an icy hand. By the 10th the fam- iliar "plus" temperatures had changed to "minus" departures from normal, to 43 for the month to that date. However, the plus degrees since January first stood at .288. Although bngs were skim-
med over with ice, there was no . snow on the ground, and many growers were remarking this was the first year they could recall, when they had shoveled no snow. There were a( few days left of "of- ficial" Winter, but the cranberry area has got some real blizzards in late March.
NEW JERSEY
February Another Warm Month
The weather at Pemberton dui'ing the month of February was for the third consecutive month warmer than normal. The average tempei'- ature was 39.3°F., about 5.7 de- grees above normal. Fior the first time in four months rainfall was slightly below nromal, amounting to 2.46 inches, or only .19 deficient.
The extreme mildness of the weather is shown in the record of 14 days of temperature above 60° F. A maximum of 69° was registered ion the 21st and a mini- mum of 14° was recorded on the 2nd. For the second consecutive month there was not a single day during which the temperature re- mained below freezing all day. There were 6 entire days during which the temperature did not go down to freezing. The water on cranberry bogs remained unfrozen a very great proportion of the month of Febiuaiy, as it has all Winter long.
February also produced signs of an early Spring. Swamp maples were beginning to bloom the last week of the month. A yellow jas- mine shiub on the lab grounds be- gan to bloom on February 5. A flock of robins and a pair of blue- birds wei'e observed at the lab- oratory the last day in February. Peepers have not been heard from
Compiled by C J. H,
yet and we won't yield to Spring fever until we get this signal.
WISCONSIN
Not Too Cold
The weather for the most part has been rather mild in February. There were several nights when temperatures dropped to sub zero, but for much of February the days were nice.
Water Supplies Good
Water supplies for frost protec- tion in the State are very good and no shortage for Spring is antici- pa/ted.
A Good Deal of Ice Sanding
It is estimated by "Del" Ham- mond of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company that approximately 1/3 of the acreage in Wisconsin will have been sanded this Winter. In mid-February there was an ice coverage of approximately 10 in- ches around the Rapids and in the Northern areas there was a snow coverage of appr-oximately 18 inches.
Phil Bennett
"Phil" Bennett, one of the old time growers of the State, and one of the oldest members of the Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company passed away February 16. He is survived by Mrs. Bennett, a son, Keith, cranberry grower, two daughter, Elizabeth and Jean and four grandchildren.
OREGON
Floods Didn't Injure Bogs
While the terrific storms which swept the southern coast here in January flooded many bogs tem- porarily, there seems to have been
(Continued on Pa^e 20)
Five
"BEN" C. SAVARY, 79, HAS HAD TWO LOVES- CRANBERRIES— THE SEA
V/areham (Mass.) Man Had First Bog In About 1900 — For 26 Years Was Inspector For New England Cranberry Sales Company — Goes To The Shore Nearly Every Day. By CLARENCE .1. HALL
"In the old days in cranberries when you got a real crop you had something," says Benjamin Clifton Savary of Wareham, Massachusetts, v,ho, until recently had, for 50 years, been a grower, but now at 79 has retired. "I don't think the big profits for a small grower, at least, will come back. Costs of growing cranberries today are too high.
"But I do think the industry has worked its way out of its slump of the past few years and is a good business to be in."
"Ben" Savary, it was just stated, has retired from cranberry grow- ing, but he always had two loves — cranberries and shellfisheries, chiefly oysters — and despite his years he still goes down to the shore to look at his oyster grants about every day. He is remarkably active. "Ben" is a typical "salty" Cape Codder (if it is admitted that Wareham, which is really one town above the actual peninsula, is a part of the Cape, and most do).
Entire Life Spent in Wareham
He has spent his entire life in Wareham and devuted his time to the water, boats and cranberrying, as so many of the Capemen of previous generations did.
He is one of the better known veterans of the Massachusetts cranberry industry. For 26 years he was an inspector for the New England Cranberry Sales Company, and so made wide acquaintance- ships. He is still an honorary mem- ber of that Massachusetts unit cf ACE. He has been a member of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation almost since he became a grower and is a charter member of Southeastern Cranberry Club. Whenever there is a cranberry meeting you generally see "Ben" Savary.
His father, Ad.olphus, was a grow- er, who built a small bog on Great Neck, Wareham, about 1885, scalp- ing an dsanding a three and a half acre piece. He sold his fruit him- self, or that is, went to Boston and placed his crops in the hands of commission merchants. "Ben" picked cranberries for his father as a boy, and was brought up to know the shores of his native town. It was no wonder he bacame en- gaged in the pursuits of cranberiies and oysters. The Savary family is one of the older ones in Massachu- setts, the original emigrant Savary,
Thomas, having settled in Ply- mouth in the 1630's. There he be- came keeper of the Plymouth lock- up.
"Ben" Savary's background, like his own career, is an interesting one. His father was a civil en- gineer and was one of the first to survey the present Cape Cod Canal site. His mother, Julia Bourne Savary was a member of the fam- ily whose ancestors purchased the present Bourne township from the Indians.
Made First Sea Voyage at One
Mr. Savary took his first sea voyage when he was a year old. His parents had decided to go to Florida, and in those days, nearly 80 years ago, transportation was not as simple as it is today. Ycu couldn't hop on a plane and be in that state of oranges and bathing- beauties in a few hours.
So the trip was planned by boat in December, the journey to be made in a sloop named the "James Nelson." The group sailed from Little Harb;r on Great Neck, near East Wareham. But the sloop only got as far as Bamegat on the New Jersey coast. Winter had then set in, and the boat was frozen fast. The family remained aboard the little ship for the cold months. In the Spring Mrs. Savary returned to Wareham with her children by train, while Adolphus Savary
brought the sloop back.
That voyage was "Ben's" first contact with the sea, and it has al- ways fascinated him since — the sea and cranberries. As a young man he followed the sea for a short time and then returned to go into the oyster business with his father. Since that time he has been a "boatman," as he calls it, often acting as skipper for yachts of prominent Wareham Summer resi- dents. One of the boats in which he was in charge was the yacht of Frederick Fish, whose father was president of the Bell Telephone Company at one time. For 12 years he was "boatman" for General Stephen Weld on his formerly well- known "The 56," named for Gen- eral Weld's Civil War regiment.
As stated, about 1900 he caught the cranberry bug, although never forgetting his interest in boating, the shore and oysters.
Bought Bog at Time of Boom
"That was the time of a cran- berry bocm," he says. Those were the days when you made money in cranberries and everybody who could, was getting into the business.
So, he had built for him, by one Frank Rose, a four and a half acre piece on Great Neck, and even this bog was only a skip and a jump from the shores of an arm of Buz- zards Bay. Considerably later he bjught a bog at Tremont (West Wareham) of four and a half acres, which had been the property of Taylor and Holmes, cranberry men, whose name, older Cape Cod grow- ers will remember. Both his bogs were set mainly to Howes, with some Blacks and a few odd vari- eties. The Tremont bog is now owned by R bert Hammond of East Waieham. The Great Neck prop- erty he later sold to Amando Grassi, who was a victim of the Second World War, and whose widow later resold it. Only Two Insects Bothered Then
"There were only two insects that i-eally bothered us when I started in," is Mr. Savary's recol- lection, "fiuitworm and fireworm. Most of the pests that bother us today came in later. We used to- bacco, or what is now "Black Leaf Forty" as an insecticide. We didn't have the number of insects or the number of insecticides that the growers of today have. Of course
Sis
we had none of the mechanical time-savers there are now, such as tractors or mechanical pickers.
"In those days we picked by hand or with snaps. The scoop was just coming in. It was a metal- toothed scoop and sold by the Makepeace Company.
"We sold our crop in quarter- barrel and half-barrel boxes. The 'consumer package' was unknown. We had more varieties of cranber- ries in those days, all the 'fancy' varieties. Today, as you know, these have been nearly all dug out and reset to Howes and Blacks."
For some years, Mr. Savary sold his crop through the late John J. Beaton of Wareham. Then, in 1925 he became a member of the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany. When he took a job as in- spector for the cooperative, there were five inspectors. This was later reduced to two, as the New Eng- land screenhouses, strategically located, began to handle more of the members' bewies. His first area was Wareham, Rochester, the southern part of Plymouth and Bourne. There were a good many more brands then, than today, he recalls — maybe 20-25 different labels.
When he ended his sei^vices he was covering South Carver, Norton, Assonet, and the entire Barnstable County.
This business taking him over so much territory, plus the fact that his hobbies are fishing and hunting — ^he has always owned a hunting dog — have made him vast- ly familiar with Plymouth and Barnstable Counties. Contrary to general opinion, he declares there is still a good deal of fine, unde- veloped bog land in Plymouth County. All the good locations, with adequate water and sand sup- ply are not used up. He can name a number of such sites.
In speaking of bogs he says he much prefers a long, narrow prop- ei'ty to one which is round. "This is much more economical for every bog operation." He thinks sprink- ler systems are entirely practical. Referring to the bog he formerly owned on Great Neck, he says sprinklers could make this a much better property. Before he sold, he had built a pond, or sump, costing ?1,200 and sprinklers supplied from
this source could give excellent irrigation and frost protection. Recalls Dr. Franklin's Early Days
"Ben" Savary is one of the dim- inishing number of growers who can still remember when Dr. H. J. Franklin first entered cranberry work in 1909. He recalls that Dr. Franklin used to "stick little sticks around the State Bog," and I won- dered what he was doing — mark- ing out test plots it proved to be.
Some of Franklin's earliest ex-
periments in insect control were made on Mr. Savary's bog. It was not far from the Experiment Station.
"I know Dr. Franklin put in a lot of time at first, testing out growers' theories as concerned cranberry growing. A good many of these theories he found to be fundementally sound, but he began improfving on them. At first may- be some of the growers didn't think his work was entirely prac-
(Continued on Page 20
Saving Dollars
Is Making Dollars
An economical and efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
From our experience on our own bogs, as well as on the bogs of many others, we find that using the C & L power pruner and rake is the most efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
This conviction is arrived at after working on more than 1,000 acres.
We also find that a properly pruned bog is easier to pick, with less drop and far less damage to the vines.
From one demonstration in New Jersey, six ma- chines were sold. New Jersey growers wishing infor- mation on these machines may contact Eddie Lippman of National Cranberry Association, Bordentown.
Massachusetts growers who wish their bogs pruned or want information on these machines may contact the C & L Equipment Company, 191 Leonard Street, Acushnet, Massachusetts ... or call either Frank P. Crandon or Herbert C. Leonard. Tel. New Bedford 3-4332 — North Rochester 89-3.
C & L EQUIPMENT COMPANY
F. P. CRANDON 1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD 191 Leonard Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 34332
Sevw
CRANBERRY LOANS ON ABILITY TO REPAY-MASS. MEETINGS
Financing for Growers Subject Cape Meetings
Upper and Lower Clubs Hold First Winter Meet- ings With Good Attend- ances.
First 1953 meetings of the Up- per and lower Cape Cod Cranberry clubs were held respectively, at Bruce Hall, Cotuit, Tuesday, Feb. ]0 and Wednesday, Feb. 11 at East Hai-wich Methodist Church, the subject — "Ci-anberry Financing." A panel, consisting- of William Col- lins of the Federal Farm Housing- Administration, Brockton; Warren Arnold, Federal Farmers' Produc- tion Credit Association of Taunton and also of the Federal Land Bank; Marcus L. Urann, president, NCA, (at Cotuit) and Stanley Benson (at Harwich) and Roger Weston, representing ACE spoke briefly of their ability to extend credit to growers and then answered ques- tions from the floor.
The meetings were led by Arn- old C. Lane, Associate Barnstable County Agent, after president Charles Savery had opened the Co- tuit session and president Anahel Drake at Harwich. The object learned from the session was ap- parently that credit to cranberry grjwers is sometimes rather diff"i- cult to obtain, and is largely a mat- ter to be considered upon an indi- vidual basis, with ability of the borrower to repay, the prime con- sideration. The three pertinent factors in obtaining loans are: this ability to repay, equity of property which a grower possesses and the personal risk involved in each case. Trend to Larger Growers One pertinent question asked (at Cotuit) was that if the present cranberi-y credit situation was not tending to make it harder for the small grower to obtain credit and was setting up a trend to take cranberry gi'owing (and all farm- ing) out of the hands of the smaller grower and into large scale or syndicate operations. This was held to be more or less true, unfortu- nately. Reason for this trend is that the larger gi-ower, or a syndi-
cate, usually has sufi'icient outside collateral to make possible any loans desired, while often the small grower has only his bog holdings or his home to put up for security.
Mr. Collins (at Cotuit) said the Farm Housing- was more or less rigidly limited to family loans and for not more than a single year. He did state, however, that the cranberry loan situation was some- what different today with the im- proved situation of the industry. He said it boiled down to indi- vidual applications.
Mr. Arnold referred to a Federal survey of about two years ago of the value of cranberry bogs when the maximum value of bog was placed at $1,200 an acre and that he was limited by the government to loan only sixty-five per- cent but his organization was far- mer owned and did have the inter- ests of the farmers at heart. He said the Credit Association did have some cranberry loans out at the present time. He, too, stressed the individual nature of making- loans or advances. Loans might be made en the basis of about $7 to §8 a barrel.
Mr. Weston stated that American Cranberry Exchange does nothing
to finance cranberry growers, con- fining its efforts to selling the fruit of its members. He said that some of its member units (the state sales companies) had made loans. Credit Situation Improving
Mr. Urann asserted that Na- tional Cranberry Association was working- all the time to "help 'out any of its members who needed as- sistance, and that he felt the credit situation was now getting better.
The matter of obtaining credit at private banks was discussed. A principal questioner at the Cotuit meeting was Wolcott Ames, Barn- stable banker.
Other brief speakers included, "Dick" Beattie, Extension Special- ist, Emile C. St. Jacques of Hayden Separator Manufacturing Com- pany, Wareham, L. A. Blake, man- ager of New England Cranberry Sales Company, who was making his first attendance at Cape club meetings, Bruce Arthur, represent- ing the "Independent" Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc., and Louis Sherman of Plymouth, now chief New England distributor of the Western Picker, at Cotuit. with Drs. Franklin and Chandler and Barnstable County Agent Bertram Tomlinson at the Lower.
HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL
DUSTING AND SPRAYING
ii/imins m
NORWOOD,
RAY MORSE Agent
^ins liirwaus
MASS.
Tel Wareham 405-W4 i
^icbt
LATE vs. EARLY WATER-FLOWER . BUDS-FINANCE
These Are Topics At Ply- mouth Cranberry Clubs — Heavy Attendances
The talks on cranberry finance, given at the Cape club meetings were continued — with some dif- ferent speakers, at February meet- ing of South Shore Club, Reed hall, Kingston, the 17th and South- eastern Club, Rochester Grange hall, the 18th. However, three other subjects were taken up. "Late Water vs. Early Water," lo- cation of thermometers on bogs and a lecture on the cranberry flower by Dr. C. E. Cross.
These were well-attended, in- teresting- gatherings, with presi- dent "Bob" Whiting in the chair at Kingston, an evening meeting, and president Frank Butler at Ro- chester, this being in the afternoon, followed by a supper. There were about 50 at Kingston and 72 at Rochester. At Rochester a nomi- nating committee to bring in candi- dates for office at the March meet- ing, was named by president But- ler, this consisting of "Bob" Pierce, Maurice Makepeace and Kenneth Beaton. At both meetings. Dr. Cross introduced William E. Tom- linson, recently appointed ento- mologist at the East Wareham Station.
Cranberry Money is Available
As at the Cape meetings it de- veloped from the talks by the fi- nancial experts that cranbei-ry money is obtainable in either short or long term loans provided the banker is convinced of the ability of the cranberry borrower to pay back.
Speaking at Kingston was Roger Tillson of the Middlevore Trust Company, Middleboro, Mass., who said he had known cranberries since he picked them as a boy. He continued, he had been in the bank- ing business since 1920 and during all that time his bank had loaned cranberry growers money. At the present time there is probably out about $125,000 in long-term cran- berry loans and other sums short term.
He said he considered cranberry loans good business and couldn't recall any failure to repay. Cran- berry loans had been slow during the recent "cranberry depression," but, "now I think cranberries are coming back to where they should be."
There is no "pet" formula for cranberry growers he asserted, but he appreciated serving cranberry growers and a grower will get a loan "if you can prove to our satis- faction that you can pay it back." In answer to a question, he said he believed his bank would finance irrigation installations on a mort- gage basis.
Maurice Makepeace of A. D. Makepeace Company, Wareham, speaking from his financial experi- ence, but asserting the Makepeace company had no money to loan, re- placed Mr. Tillson at the Rochester session. Talking in generalities, he asserted some cranberry loans are difficult to obtain, others are not so difficult. Number one item of importance to the banker is: the management ability and experience of the grower, and the productive record of the property: number two, present condition of the property as to production. Also taken into consideiation is the responsibility of the individual — his interest in community affairs. "Is he really a serious man, a man of responsi- bility?"
"Don't Borrow Too Much"
He urged a grower not to take on more obligation than his ability to repay. "Don't hold it against the banker if he tries to hold you down a little. It is probably for your own good. If you need money, see your banker, tell him your whole story. He will be pleased to see you — he is in business to loan money, you know."
He said he thought irrigation loans should be made on a secured basis.
Irrigation Loans
Ferris Waite of Cranberry Credit Corporation division of NCA (at Kingston) said the corporation was set up to serve cranberry growers, who are members, or about to become members of the National. It is the function of the coi-poration, he said, to help grow- ers in either short or long term loans. He also urged growers not
to borrow beyond their capacity. Loans for irrigation, he believed should be in the form of mortgage loans. "Jim" Glover, assistant to president Urann of NCA, spoke at Rochester along the same line.
Warren Arnold of Production Credit Corporation repeated his discussion as given at the Cape meetings.
Early Water Advantages
"Joe" Kelley of the Experiment Station staff spoke on early water at Kingston saying:
"Bogs that have the Winter water taken off the last of March or the first of April will stand more frost after the water is taken off than will the late-held bogs. Early water hardens the vines, so giving more frost protection, and for some unkown reason slows the growth of vines up into the flower- ing season, but from there on they start ahead and make up for lost time and color up for ripening about 10 days ahead of late held water.
"Winter water regularly drawn early gives a better vines growth for scooping.
"I believe the water on bogs with heavy vine growth should always be taken off early, as late holding has a tendency to make heavy vines and runners, and it is im- portant to keep your vines and ber- ries in balance. If you get heavy vines and they grow too fast they grow right over the blossoms and seem to smother them. I have seen some bogs and parts of other bogs where the vines were so heavy that they never had good crops.
"Bogs in warm or moderate lo- cations with limited water supply should be drawn early. This gives protection in Spring, because vines become resistant and flowering is delayed and it also gives protec- tion in the Fall because berries have a chance to take color before Pall frosts.
"The same year as Spring sand- ing or the Spring following a Fall sanding should be early water, as under these conditions, your bog has a tendency to grow vines rather than berries.
"The year of early water are good years to clean up insects be- cause, except on fireworm bogs, if insects are cleaned up the years when the water is drawn early, the
limine
chances are that you can hold late a year without having to spend anything for insect control." "Bob" Hammond
"Bob" Hammond on early water at Rochester said this early pulling of the Winter flood gave nice up- right vines which are a pleasure to scoop, a notable instance being those at the State Bog. There is added frost protection, as vines on bogs with water withdrawn in mid- March have time to have frost resistance for late freezes. These vines will flower later but will catch up and come in about ten days later than late water bogs. The berries have more chance to take on color in the Fall.
He said a disadvantage was apt to be more vine growth. If a bog has been sanded recently it is good practice to take a chance on early water as the sand will give some heat radiation against frost. He added that if the gypsy motn should again become a serious problem this might make early water impractical.
Mr. Beaton's Talk Appears on Page 18
Bog Thermometers
At both meetings Kelley gave a talk on thermometers. Using one, he demonstrated how it might be cleared of bubbles or breaks in the fluid. This can be done by tapping the bulb end (being careful not to break the instrument) or by whirl- ing from a string or piece of wire (being careful the string doesn't break or wire come off) or by an abrupt snap, holding the thermom- eter in the hand. He said thermom- eters should be checked for accu- racy. If there are four available they can be placed side by side and if one varies widely from the others that one is probably not correct. The correct way to keep a glass during the Winter, he reported, is not to store it lying down, but to hang it from a wall by the hole in the upper end.
His talk:
"There has alvifays been a dif- ference of opinion at what tempera- tures cranberries will stand at the stages of ripening, without harm from frost.
"The day after the frost of last September 8th, Dick Beattie and I thought we could get some valu-
able information for future use by taking some colored pictures of cranberries near the thermometers on the bogs. We went to six dif- ferent bogs and found only two with thermometers on the bog. One was 5 or 6 ft. above the bog level, one was 15 or 20 ft. from the bog on the upland, on two the thermom- eters had been taken home and two were on the bog.
"Out of six thermometers checked, two varied one to 1% de- grees from the check.
"I used to know some growers who kept their thermometers on the sides of their houses and some who kept them on their uplands. I also knew one grower who used to watch the tar paper on the roof of a shed near his bog. When there was frost on the tar paper he used to flow his bog.
"At the State Bog we put a ther- mometer on the bog just above the vines, about 20 feet from the edge, where we think the temperature is about average for the bog, being careful not to place it over any moss, as mossy spots are colder than the rest of the bog. We also placed another thermometer about 20 feet from the edge of the bog- on the upland for a check on same.
"Particularly during the frost season, you should check your
thermometers often and very care- fully for any separations in the fluid.
The Cranberry Flower
Concluding both meetings was an instructive address by Dr. Cross, chiefly upon the cranberry blossom and how it is fertilized. The cran- berry blossom is not self-fertiliz- ing, never fertilized by wind, or at least only to a neglible extent, but is cross-pollinated by insects, chiefly bumble bees and honey bees, the latter usually leased by the grower. He said hives of bees should not be set out until the bog is at least one-fifth in bloom.
His talk was illustrated by blackboard drawings and some re- markable and beautiful color slides taken by "Walt" Fort of Growers' Cranberry Company, New Jersey.
(Editor's Note:) Something to look forward to! In next month's issue Dr. Cross plans to have a complete article upon this subject of the cranberry flower and polli- nation. "Bill" Tomlinson also plan.s an article on the effects of certain new insecticides upon bees on bogs.
CRANBERRIES is the only independent magazine of the Industry.
SPECIAL ATTENTION
TO THE NEEDS OF
CRANBERRY GROWERS
BUILDING MATERIALS of All Types
REDWOOD FLUME LUMBER In Stock
E. W. GOODHUE LUMBER CO.
Foot Cambridge St.
Middleboro, Mass.
Phone 1123
Middleboro Road
East Freetown, Mass.
Phone No. Roch. 75
Ttm
Sd^gals
Vol, 17-No. 11 ISSUE OF MARCH 1953
\^ ^;^^^^'^»^^
CRANBERRY LOANS
I
N THE instructive discussions of cran- berry loans at tlie four Massachusetts cranberry club meetings last month it appears that various loaning agencies are not hard-hearted toward the grower, but have to let sound judgment be their guide. First, the banker must consider the ability of the borrower to repay the loan, that is the primary point in his mind.
This is, as in a loan for any type of business. What the banker must weigh, is the value of the bog property involved, any other collateral the owner may possess and, finally, and of much moment, the cap- abilities of the operator to run his bog eff"iciently and to produce. In other words the grower who can convince the banker the loan is sound, will get money.
BIG FELLOW BIGGER LITTLE ONES FEWER
A BY-PROUUCT of this finance discussion (at the Cotuit meeting) was agreement that the difficulty of a smaller grower to borrow money, is adding to the trend toward larger holdings by fewer growers — and a slow elimination of many of the "little fellows." The syndicate, or larger grower with sounder financial footing, in the eyes of the lender of finance, has an easier time to obtain credit to cover immediate expenses or to expand. He is regarded as a better credit risk.
"The Bit Boy," in cranberry growing. as in many other lines of agriculture, has his own sources of money-raising. He often has other realtier^ than his bog to put up as collateral. This situation appears to be true in all types of farming. Big operators are getting bigger. The little fellow has a tougher row to hoe, and is more apt to fall by the wayside. This is no criticism of cerdit sources, these sources are in business, too, to make a dollar. This tendency is not to our liking. We can't help but believe that many relatively smaller growers are better for, and make up a stronger cran- berry industry than one made up of only a few giants.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publishei-
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
W ash in gton — Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Uireclur Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT
P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station
Pemberton, Mass.
Here it is March again. Winter will be officially over. Growers everywhere continue to feel cheerful. They now seem to look for good production, barring, of course, the always possible flips-ups between now and harvest. There will be a lot of bog work done. Growers have courage for another successful year. In the background, however, there is the spectre of a recession, and the thoughts of falling farm prices.
But, as another active year gets under way, the feeling is good, better than in any recent Spring, certainly.
Eleven
More Background Of New Jersey Researcher
Dr. Eugene H. Varney who goes to New Jersey to puisue similar work as that done by Dr. Austin Goheen, the later having been transfered by the United States Department of Agieulture to Belts- ville, Maryland is a native of Mas- sachusetts.
He was born at Great Barring- ton and was in the U. S. Army Air Force from 1943 to 1945. He graduated from the University of Massachusetts in June, 1949 and obtained his Doctor's Degree from the University of Wisconsin in January of this year.
He has worked for the Bureau of riant Industries, Soils and AgTicul- tural Engineering on virus diseases of cherries part-time at Sturgeon Bay and Madison, Wisconsin, mak- ing field surveys and investigations on the host range lof cherry yellows and of the necrotic I'ing and spot and vinis diseases of sour cherry, and on a virus transmitted mechni- cally to herbaceous plants from the g-enus Prunus.
He has worked on the isolation and identification ^cf a virus trans- mitted from a mosaic-infected elm to various herbaceous plants. At the time of his transfer to New Jersey he was testing the supposed- ly virus-free indoor stocks of Fra- garia vesca, the wild strawberry used to test strawberiy vai'ieties for virus.
Dr. Goheen is to* be in charge of the Sma^l-Fruit Disease Investiga- tions at Beltsville, but will also su- pervise and continue his interest in the cranberry and blueberry dis- ease work in New Jersey.
Oregon Club Elects— Large Attendance
The Southeastern Oregon Cran- bery Club held its annual meeting Feb. 12, and elected off'icers as fol- lows: president, Ted Hultin; vice- president, Bill Panter; secretary, Vivian Kranick; treasurer, Bill Bates, corresponding secretary,
Jolm Xlieiaes.
A movie, "Block That Termite," was enjoyed. Announcement was made that some experimental work on CMU weed killer was being done at the Bates bog. There was dis- cussion as to experimental work on trace elements on the Jackman and Kranick bogs.
Named was the cranberry fes- tival committee foa- next Fall's activity, these members being Viv- ian Kranick and Ennis Loshbaught.
Turnout for the meeting was the largest in a long time, which might indicate the interest in cranberry growing is now being renewed.
Liquid Nitrogen On Cranberries
The February issue of Country Gentleman contains an article on saving labor with liquid nitrogen. This story tells of the use of Solu- tion 32 on corn in Kentucky and Ohio, explaining how quick it is to apply by sprayer, nitrogen tanks or airplane. Nitrogen from this source" was from ten to fifteen cents per pound.
We have learned from a rep- resentative of the Barrett Company that it plans to make a shipment of Solution 32 t: Massachusetts for use on cranberries. The experi- ments planned with this fertilizer include ground sprays with insecti- cides, aii-ilane sprays and flood water applications.
Ocean Spray On 3 TV Spots In Boston
Ocean Spray has added a third television spot announcement in Boston at 9:30, Thursday nights, over WNAC-TV. A chicken flashes on the screen with a large can of Ocean Spray saying, "What goes best with chicken ? Ocean Spi'ay cranberry sauce, of course." Im- p:rtant to housewives is the tip that a hole punched in the bottom of the can before removing the top will make sure that the jellied cran- berry sauce comes out smooth and gleaming.
This is an extension of Ocean Spray's program of television spot announcements in 6 major cities in the country. The new Boston
time is very clioice, coming righl after the "Biff Baker Show" and before "Big Town." Two other chicken and cranberry announce- ments on WNAC-TV are on Wed- nesday night at 8:00, between Perry Como and Arthur Godfrey, and on Friday nights at 8:00, be- tween Perry Como and "I Remem- ber Mama."
Opposite Page— "EATMOR" Winner
Mrs. Iris Thiel Berry, winner of top prize in the EATMOR limerick contest is shown (opposite page) at the wheel of the new cranberry red Cadillac convertible she was awarded by American Cranberry Exchange. Photo was taken in New Bedford, Mass., where, with her husband, Joseph W. Berry, ar- rived on Feb. 7, to get the car and drive it back to her home at Lorton, Virginia.
Mrs. Berry, 33, whose verse was selected from 210,000 entries is a former school teacher and holds a masters' degree from Colorado State College at Greeley. She also attended Minot State Teachers' Col- lege in North Dakota, in which state she was born.
Mr. Berry was also a school teacher, both holding positions at Rifle, Colorado. Mr. Berry is now employed in the U. S. Weather Bureau at Washington, from which Lorton is about 30 miles away. The couple went to Washington from Coloi-ado in July 1944. For a short time Mrs. Berry was en- gaged in government work also. They have a son, Wendall, .5, on whose fifth birthday, it happened Mi's. Berry received notice of her victory.
Stanley D. Benson made the pre- sentation of the convertible in be- half of ACE.
American farmers now are pro- ducing 69 percent more than they were 40 years ago, and are doing it with 20 percent fewer man-hours of labor and only 11 percent more harvested acres. Steel, chemicals and machine-power have taken up most of the labor and acreage slack .
Hilrtaafi
Open House Held For Dr. Franklin Room
More than 100 cranberry grow- ers and other friends of Dr. Henry J. Franklin, retired director of the Cranberry Experiment Station visited him in the new "Dr. Frank- lin" room at the station, Tuesday, Feb. 10. This was an "open ouse" to enable the public to inspect the room for use of Dr[ Franklin in his retirement to( use for research, built by subscription of the industry.
Those attending were given a card with the following, inscription: "I am grateful, indeed for the kind appreciation shown by those of the cranberry industry who have so generously provided this beautiful room and its furnishings." It was signed by Dr. Franklin.
Dr. Franklin greeted his friends from ten in the forenoon until four in the afternoon. Refreshments of coflfee and cakes were served, the hostesses being, Mrs. J. Richard Beattie, chairman; Mrs. E. L. Bartholomew, Mrs. F. B. Chandler, Mrs. George Roundsville, Mrs. John S. Bailey, Mrs. Joseph L. Kelley, Mrs. Robert Pierce.
A feature of Dr. Franklin's flower-decorated desk was a minia- ture scale model of a cranberry property made by Mrs. C. E. Cross. This showed a cranberry bog, a bog worker using an insect net, a blue- berry planting by the bogside and even a goat tied under a tree.
Mrs. Franklin was presented with a corsage and Dr. Franklin with a brown leather-bound book containing the report of the last August meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, which was "Dr. Franklin Day."
Committee in charge of the "open house" was Gilbert Beaton, associ- ation secretary; Mrs. Beaton, treas- urer; Dr. Cross, Dr. F. B. Chand- ler, Mr. Beattie and Ferris Waite of NCA. The large new room is finished in knotty pine, comfortable office furniture, attractive window drapes and lamps.
Dr. Franklin's work is including research upon the bumble bee. He has, since youth, been interested in this study and is an authority upon the bee.
FonrtMii ' V
REDISCOVERY
Frequently we find the cases of rediscovery of equipment which was developed in other section of the country and sometimes developed for other purposes. In 1919 W. L. Powers wrote a bulletin published by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station on The Improvement of Marsh Land in Western Oregon. He illustrated a ditch cleaner which was con- structed with wagon wheels and powered with a small gasoline engine. It appears that it operated on much the same principal as the improved ditch cleaner constructed in Wisconsin by Guy Potter and son, Rollie and illustrated in CRANBERRIES in July, 1950.
CRANBERRIES ARE IN FIVE OF THE N. E. STATES
Occasionally one hears of a cranberry bog located in a state where cne did not realize there were cranberry bogs. This has prompted a study of the United States Census to see the listing for cranberry bogs. While some people do not balieve the census re- ports are complete, it is the best source available. The number of jrrowers reporting, the acreage, the iiroduction, and the value of the crop is presented for the years 1920, 1930, 1940 and 1950.
In this article the figures are given iav Massachusetts and for the other New England states. Ver- mont did not report any cranberry bogs. According to the census Massachusetts had 856 cranberry growers in 1920, 407 in 1930, 996 in 1940 and .540 in 1950. For these same years the number of growers reported in the rest of New Eng- land were 382, 67, 71 and 19. The acreage reported for Massachu- .setts was 7,096 in 1920, 6,233 in 1930, 10,680 in 1940 and 11,035 in 1950. The acreage reported for these years in the rest of New Eng- land was 310, 65, 112 and 107. This shows that the rest of the New England states in 1950 had about one precent of the total acreage in
the region.
The yield per acre is much higher in Massachusetts (40 to 56 barrels per acre) than in any of the other New England states. In 1950 the other states produced only six tenths of one percent of the crop. The New England production out- side of Massachusetts came large- ly from Rhode Island in 1920 (48.5%), from Connecticut in 1930 (71.8%) and 1940 (61.1%). In 1950 Rhode Island produced 90.7%; of the crop of the states other than Massachusetts.
From the above it is evident that there are cranberry bogs in five of the New England states but the acreage and the production outside of Massachusetts is extremely small.
Opposite Page
Shown on the opposite page is a typical group visiting with Dr. Franklin during the "Open House" for the Dr. Franklin room at the Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- ment Station. Left to right are, Louis Shei-man, Plymouth; Bruce Arthur of Cape Cod Cranberry Co- operative, Inc.; R. E. Saltus, Acushnet Saw Mills Company; Irv- ing A. Demoranville, Fairhaven and Dr. Franklin. To the right E. L. Bartholomew, president of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation talks with Mrs. Franklin, whom he obscures from the camera.
Fift*
50th ANNIVERSARY OP FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK
"The last week of Februai-y marked, the 50th anniversary of farm demonstration work, the fore- runner of today's Cooperative Ex- tension Service in Agriculture and Home Economics. Extension work got its starte February 20, 1903 on the Walter C. Porter farm near Terrill, Texas, and has expanded to a point where it now takes in four and one-half million farm fam- ilies and more than two million non-farm families in every state in the country.
On the Porter farm a half century ago. Dr. Seaman A. Knapp ■of the United States Department of Agriculture conducted a crop demonstration to show Texas farm- ers how to control their most ser- ious insect pest, the cotton-boll weevil. From this modest begin- ning, which demonstrated a new idea of farmer self-learning, stem- med the nucleus of what we now call cooperative extension work, and which has since been adapted to many other countries of the world.
The Commonwealth's six most valuable crops in 1952 were hay $18,792,000, tobacco |8,667,000, cranberries $7,744,000, potatoes $4,851,000, apples $3,917,000 and feed corn $3,229,000.
?fc*M«»*llW
I SCOOPS AND SCREENINGS I
Did you notice that item in last month's "Cranberry World" about the cranberry development ion Lulu Island British Columbia? It is rather startling to have a new development of 1,000 acres pop up with relatively little publicity. There are about ten growers, seven of them now members of American Cranberry Exchange.
We understand there is unlimited peat on the island, and the vines are simply broadcast on this, with- out sanding. Those who have seen the project seem to be quite enthu- siastic about possibilities in this newest cranberry area. We hope to have some more information about it later.
cold in the ground. .^
Although we were catching it with unseasonable cold in early mid-March, therd was still mo snow.
Recording the mild Winter in Massachusetts. Even before March came in there were signs of Spring. A dog caught a big black snake at Gray Gables, Mass., much earlier than reptiles crawl out of their Winter hibernation; a vob- bin was seen in Waerham and at Falmouth two herring were netted in a river.
At the Massachusetts State Ex- periment Station an early Spring is anticipated. There is none of the usual accumulation of frost and
Controlled burning of your bog shores and upland is a good prac-. tice. BUT uncontrolled fire can destroy your valuable buildings.
A re they Insured ? ? ?
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
For the fun of it, we are going to introduce to you a friend of burs of long standing. He is the "Old Cape Codder, who lives at Punk- horn, a village close by the sea on the Lower Cape.
Some believe that we simply made up ancient CC, and that Punk- horn is an entirely mythical place. Be that as it may. He is long and lean, with snaggly teeth and a white beard, with a habit of chew- ing tobacco, which adds nothing to the pristine beauty of his teeth or beard, or his shirt front. He is not too savoury an old duck. But he does have a penchant for utter- ing sharp, or funny remarks to us, when we call him up, or go down to visit him at allegedly mythical Punkhorn.
Here is a typical one. March is the month of town meetings in New England. So, he heard about a Punkhorn w^oman who was plan- ning to run for school committee. "Wull," he says to us. "Can't thet woman never be satisfied? What does she want to be on the school committee for? Why, she jest had a operation? Ain't that enough fni' lier fer awhile?"
How a Wisconsin Marsh Appears to High School Girl
(EDITOR'S NOTE) The following is how a Wisconsin Cranberry bog appears to Charlotte McCllellan, of Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, a high school sopo- more. It was written for an English class study. Her father is foreman of the Manitowish Cranberry Company.
A cranberry marsh consists of a number of beds, each of which is one section of the marsh about 14 mile long by 400 feet, and dug about 3 feet down from the noi-mal level of the ground; has ditches all around it and also one down the center for flooding and draining the bed. i
In early Spring the beds are one \ mass of beautiful, green vines, re- minding one of a perfectly-groomed lawn and, then, in the month of July it turns to a dazzling cover- let of pink flowers dotted with green. Along with the dainty pink j
Sixteen
flowers come the swal-rris of hum- ming bees, so you not only have a pleasant sight, but also music and a fragrance to behold.
Cleaning house again in Septem- ber a scarlet cover is thrown over the beds; by looking close you will find it to be made of bright, red berries. The beds will be changed once more, before a new year starts, and that will be to a spread of sparkling ice or snow.
Early Mechanization In Agriculture
(EDITOR'S NOTE) The following is reprinted with permission from the "Esse Farm News," published by the Esso Stadard Oil Company. It is one of a series of articles "RFD, USA" currently appearing in the "Esso Farm News," and since there is so much interest among cranberry grower in mechanization, we believe this brief history of farm ma- chinery merits attention.
The introduction of m'odern mechanization in agriculture in this country began with the invention of a workable threshing machine in the late Eighteenth Century, and its gradual adoption by the farmers in the early 1800's.
This machine was driven by water, wind power or horse labor anl later by steam. It was not until around 18.30, however, that steam began to be applied extensively to agriculture. A system was then introduced where one or two en- gines were employed to draw multi- furrowed ploughs by means of cables back and foi-th across the fields. After considerable experi- mentation, the established system of steam-plowing with a double- engined cable set was devised about 18.50.
Heavy implements, such as the cultivator and the mole plough, were later added to the equipment of the steam tackle. Mechanical th)-eshing had reached some de- gree of popularity, and steam en- gines were used to drive barn ma- chinery to some extent.
Nevertheless, for the most part, the development of agricultural machinery owes little to steam. The mowing machine, the self- bindei-, the tedder, swath-turner, drill, potato digger, chaff cutters and root cutters, all were developed in the first instance for horse or manuel labor.
Many machines, developed be- tween 18.30 and 18fi0, were being
Used by farmers prior to the War Between the States. The mechani- cal reaper, which was probaly the most significant invention, the steel plow, the grain drill, the corn drill, the mechanical raker and binder attachments, all were becoming popular with the farmer of the day.
It was the War Between the States that really marked the turn- ing point in mechanization on the farm. The fact that a million faimers were withdrawn from pro- duction to fill the needs of armies meant machinery had to be used on a large scale -if those left on the farms were to do their jobs efi'ecitively.
During the period from 1860 to 1910 there was a general displace- ment of man labor by horse labor and additional machines were in- vented to be run by horses. By no means all of the increased efl'iciency of agriculture was due to mechani- zation, but it was a major force in bringing- more land under cultiva- tion, making it possible to produce up and beyond the market demand, enlarging farms, shifting produc- tion to level lands, reducing labor requirements, and lightening the age-old burden of farm toil.
(Next issue: mechanical power replaces horse power.)
Did You Know?
Winterkilling was very severe on Barnstable Sounty (Mass.) bogs in the winter of 1871-72, the vines being killed down to the roots in somelocalities. Nearly half of the strawberry plants in all New Eng- land were killed. Evei'greens and rhodedendrons were killed very ex- tensively throughout New England. Great numbers of evergreen died everywhere in the country. Ap- paiently the damage was done by the vei-y strong winds early in March.
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY. WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
2. Vines for sale: Searls, Jumbo,
Howes McFarlin. All highest quality — state inspected.
3. Hail insurance
4. Management and consultation by
year or individual assignment.
5. Interested purchasing cranberry
properties in Wisconsin.
6. Custom marsh work of any na-
ture.
Blueberries As Compared Wifh Other N. J. Fruits
(Editor's Note: The following is most nf a report made before the Annual Blue- berry "Open House" in New Jersey).
ERNEST G. CHRIST
N. J Agricultural Extension
Service Specialist in Small Fruits
As most of you folks know. Dr. Starnes and I spent some time in blueberry fields and with you blue- berry gi-owers developing and pro- moting an Extension program this past year. Our duties are con- cerned mainly with the production phases of blueberry growing and include drainage, fertilizing, prun- ing, tillage, varieties, selection of sites, etc. Dr. Starnes has been concerned with the insect and disease phases. Dr. Starnes and I have not attempted, any marketing program in Extension. One of your Agricultural Agents, Mr. John Brockett in Atlantic County, has been active in the marketing phase for the past several years..
Since I am involved in the Ex- tension program with all of the frait produced in New Jersey, I would like to compare the blue- berry industry with some of these other fruit industries. Many of the production problems regarding the other fruits are similar to those encountered in the blueberry indus- try, and we are able to formulate a much more efficient Extension program as we make this compar- ison with the other fruits. Let's look first at the value of the en- tire industry in 1951 for New Jer- sey. The 1952 figures are not yet available. Table 1 shows 1951 fig- ures from the Bureau of Agricul- tural Estimates. If we add these figures and includ.e the 1950 value of raspberries, we have a total of a little over $15,000,000. This fig- ure does not include sour cherries and blackberries, which would in- crease it slightly. From the value of the crop standpoint we can see that the blueberry is advancing and is becoming a more important fruit crop in New Jersey. If we look back 20 years we see that the blueben-y industry is the only fruit industry that has been on the increase rather steadily. All of the
S»TMlt««B
other fruit Industries have been declining in acreage or holding fairly steady with no increase.
Table 1
Value of New Jersey fruits in 1951
(price to the farmer)
Crop Value
Apples 84,752,000.
Peaches 4,232,000.
Blueberries 2,505,000.
Strawberries - 1,915,000.
Cranberries 958,000.
Raspberries (1950) 621,000.
Grapes 197,000.
Total $15,180,000.
Since 1930 the number of apple trees in New Jersey has decreased by more than 50 per cent. Produc- tion, however,, has not shown this decrease. The number of peach trees had also decreased since 1930, but here again the production in total bushels has not shown as great a decrease as the number of trees. The strawben-y acreage has decreased since 1930 by over 1,000 acres and the production has also decreased considerably. The production of grapes has decreased from 3,000 tons in 1930 to a little over 1,000 tons in 1952.1f we look at the blueberry industry, we find that in 1930 there were 200 acres and a production of 40,000 12-pint crates. In 1940 the acreage was in- creased to 1,100 and production up to 250,000 crates. In 1950 the acreage was reported as 3,100 and the yield 775,000 crates. In 1951 the acreage was 3,500 and the production 950,000. crates. This total includes only the producing acres. As you are all aware, the newly planted acres will bring this total up considerably.
It is quite evident that the blue- berry industry is increasing rapid- up and with this increase it is probable that more problems of production and marketing will pre- sent themselves. Somewhere along the line the blueberry acreage will settle to some steady figure and it may even be on the decline some day, as we observe with all of the other fruits. If we analyze the situation in all of the other fruits, we find that thei-e are defi- nate reasons for a d.ecline in acreage. Since you men are not particularly interested in the other fruits we will not discuss this phase further. I do believe, how-
ever, that we can profit b\ ing what has bappcncl ' the other fruit industiii .
With the expansion now in pro- cess in the blueberry industry we can probably look for more insect and disease problems. A concen- trate of plantings as we see in the Hammonton area will no doubt make insect and disease control more difficult. Although this is not my part of the program in Ex- tension work, I do follow it rather closely since all of the phases of production must be considered when discussing the over-all in- dustry. One thing that you may be faced with some day is neglected or abanded acres.. If abandoned or neglected, acres adjoin plantings that are properly cared for, the insect and disease problem, of course, becomes greater. There are wild blueberries surrounding most of our plantings and there is very little we can do about the move- ment of insects and diseases from the wild into our plantings. A neg- lected planting, however, can cause us considerably more trouble. Cer- tain of our commercial varieties are more susceptible to mummy berry, for example, as mentioned by Dr. Goheen, and if a planting of a susceptible variety is neglect- ed, it will mean a greater source of infection for the adjoining acreage. The virus disease. Stunt, would also be more difficult to con- trol if abandoned fields were per- mitted to remain and serve as concentrated sources of infection. All these problems are more seri- ous when we get into concentrated plantings, as we are now seeing in Hamnvonton and in few areas in Burlington County.
I mentioned marketing early in this talk and do not intend to get into any maiketing discussions since I do not know enough about the subject, but I would like to say that marketing has always been well organized with the blue- berry crop. With increased acreage and pioduction, the marketing be- comes even more impo'rtant. It has been stated that the blueberry, industry will remain strong as long as the marketing is strong. Since this industry appears to be well organized, I sincerely feel that it would, be to your advantage to try to maintain a strong marketing
• > apples and v fini' that not marketed properly or packed carefully. There is also room for improvement in the marketing of strawberries, al- though thre seems to be pretty good demand for the New Jersey crop.
New varieties are coming into the blueberry industry constantly. The New Jersey Experiment Sta- tion and the Extension Se'rvice has contributed much to the peach industry in the State through the introduction of new varieties. This is also true now with a few of the new apple sections developed at the Experiment Station. The straw- berry variety, Sparkle, developed by Dr. J. Harold, Clarke, is per- haps the main reason why the New Jersey strawberry industry has continued to hold fairly steady since about 1945. It is possible that newer varieties in the blueberry in- dustry will keep it strong.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Late-Held Water
By Kenneth L. Beaton
(EDITOR'S NOTE) The following is the substance of Mr. Beaton's Instructive talk at tlie Flymoutli Club Meetings.
A cranberry grower can't afford U) overlook the importance of late held water. One case that hit me in particular, was that of a beg 1 bought about the fii'st week in August the year after cranberrie? had reached their peak of over ■ivSO per barrel. Mentally multiply- ing the estimated crop by $30, 1 figured to pay at least half the fost of the bog back because of that first yeai' crop.
However, a lew weeks later small spots appealed .:n the her ries. Through the next month these spots grew both in numbci .and. in size, and when the crop was picked, I believe we had bst about 25 percent of the crop due to this rot. And because of that and the price that year, came a long way from paying off much of the price | of the bog. Sin.-e then we have been i holding this bog late every other year and have experienced much better results.
Going along with th<' advantages
Eighteen
of late water, let's imagine there are two identical bogs. Each one of the bogs has two separate pieces diked. off so that they can be flowed independently of each other; also that each bog has a limited water supply. For purposes of identification, let's say that Mr. Jones owns one of these bogs, and has decided to held one of his sec- tions late, the other early; also that a Mr. Jackson owns the other and has decided to take the water off both of his sections early.
Mr. Jones has the immediate ad- vantage over Mr. Jackson because his late water section increases the period he can kerosene by quite a few days. Another valuable ad- vantage is his having to flow only one of his sections for early Spring- frosts, thus saving his water sup- ply. Getting into the Summer Mr. Jones also holds his advantage in any drought by having saved his water supply and also because his late water section remains wet- ter longer into the Summer than the earlier drawn water. Because of the late blossoming period cf late water it is benefited by com- ing into bloom after the heavy in- festation of the fruit worm miller, and also by usually coming into bloom during a drier period than early water thus practically con- trolling the danger of the fungi causing fruit rots.
Late Water — Better Quality Because of the better quality of late water berries, Mr. Jones has the advantage over Mr. Jackson by being able to ho.d his berries for possible higher prices, and by be- ing able to ship his berries a fur- ther distance.
Disadvantages There are quite a few disadvan- tages however, of late water. These include the increased danger of late Spring frost due to the tender- ness of the unhardened buds. Also because of the lateness in the ber- ries ripening, they are more apt to be hurt by Fall frosts. One of the most serious disadvantages of late water is that it tends to increase vine growth so that it becomes too rank on some bogs.
Our own ideas of late holdings can be taken from these bogs: Our Wine Brook bog has M;npon- .set Pond in back of it thus having sutfi'.'ient water supply. This bog
has the tendency of growing heavy late.
rank vines. Because of these rea- On the other side of the pic-
sons, we never hold Wine Brook tures is our Old Colony and Middle-
llndiaHfuUL
cnANBEnniEs
About 2.5 Wisconsin marshes have found the answer to effective sales, service, and economy in INDIAN TRAIL. It is good business because INDIAN TRAIL has combined a way of growers working together with the benefits of private enterprise — the proven best way to do a job. NOW IS THE TIME TO GET THE FACTS AND COMPARE.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
Nineteen
town bogs. These bogs, outside of a Winter flowage, have no water supply at all. Because of this we usually hold late water on these bogs. Then there is Rose Brook which has a limited water supply; usually we hold one half of this bog late one year, and the other half late the following year. No Set Rule There are so many ifs, ands, and buts about the advantages and disadvantages of late held water that there is no set rule govern- ing all bogs. Each bog has its own peculiarities and these should be studied before making up ones mind as to whether late or early water should be held.
The man with the pull is might- ier than the man who gets pulled.
FRESH FROM OREGON
(Continued from Page 5)
no damage done. Except there may be a considerable weed seed distrib- ution which may make extra work this Spring.
Beautiful Bud-set
The season continues mild with very light frost on a few mornings. The bogs are loaded with a beauti- ful bud-set. If the Spring continues mild, and growers are able to keep off frosts, chances now look excel- lent for a heavy crop.
Too Many Deer
A growing trouble to the grow- ers is an increase in the deer popu- lation. Many bog owners continue to build deer fences, and are doing this according to specifications of the Game Commission, which has
TRUFANT STRAIGHT-LINE PUMPS
There will be six of these new pumps available this Spring — ^three for the Cape and three for Wiscon- sin. I expect to deliver and supervise installation of of these pumps personally in April.
Will one ofl them be yours? Why -not?
These pumps, unassisted by storage, will frost- flow five or six acres under normal conditions, and fur- nish drainage by reversing on as much or more bog. Under favorable storage conditions, twelve or fifteen acres could be handled.
These pumps are installed much like the pre- fabricated flumes. No concrete, no siling, just lower the whole thing into a wet trench and backfill it right in. And all parts subject to wear or breakage are low-cost, mass-produced outboard motor parts. Ideal for the man who has to pump both on and off.
Have you seen the one at Francis Phillip's bog at Smelt Pond, near Plymouth-Kingston line? Float- controlled with gasoline engine!
Bog Railroad for Rental
R. A. TRUFANT
Tel. Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, MASS.
agreed to pay $2.50 per rod to help in the cost of the fencing.
"BEN" SAVARY
(Continued from Page 7)
tical — but they soon began to change their minds."
"Ask them today what they think of Dr. Franklin, and the work he has done. Ask me." Mr. Savary was one of the many who made a particular point to visit Dr. Frank- lin last month on the occasion of the "Open House" for the new Dr. Franklin room at the Experi- ment Station.
Mr. Savary has devoted most of his time to the fresh fruit end of cranberries and still thinks a con- siderable portion of the crop should be sold fresh, and there will always be a fresh fruit market. "I think fresh fruit will hold its own, at least for a long time," he says, but you've got to admit there is the general swing towards everything coming in a can. I suppose cran- berries will trend more and more that way."
What, perhaps, bothers Mr. Sav- ary most about) the cranberry game is that selling prices haven't kept abreast of the continually rising costs of production. "This, nat- urally, has reduced the profit, and I don't think cranberries will ever again be the gold mine they were 50 years ago.
However, he does think cranberry bogs are good things* to own. "Par- ticularly for a younger man, and this because of so much frost work at night. The biggest reascn I sold my bogs was because costs were getting too high and I couldn't do all the work myself." Oysters As to Mr. Savary's other inter- ests than cranberries, at the age of 79. He is president of the Oystermen's Association, organized nearly 50 years ago, and a recog- nized authority upon oysters and other shellfish. His first grant was 1 cated at Shell Point Bay, Onset, but he sold that and purchased the one at Little Harbor, which he con- tinues to operate. He also has a grant in Bourne's Cove. Wareham oysters were once famous, and when the Oystermen's Association was organized there were 40 mem- bers all earning their living pro- ducing oystei-s cDiiimcrically for
Twanly
MARCH 1953
MARCH FORWARD INTO
ANOTHER SPRING, AND
ACTIVE SEASON. HAVE—
ELECTRICITY
— At Your Beck and Call, In Your Cranberry Work, In Your Home.
Plymouth County Electric Co.
the market. New there are only about a dozen, and the business is chiefly selling "spat," or seed oysters.
In 1903 Mr. Savary married Miss Hattie Vose of South Wareham, and they have one daughter, Mrs. Herbert A. Suddard, and two grandchildren, Benjamin A. and Paul Suddard. His son-in-law, inci- dentally, has considerable contact with the cranberry industry through selling Ford cars, trucks and indus- trial engines to the growers.
Mr. Savary is a member of the New England Fox Club and the Wankinquoah Rod and Gun Club. He is a charter member of the Wareham Foerst Firemen's Associ- ation and one of the oldest mem- bers oj Wankinquoah Lodge of Odd Fellows, having joined more than 50 years ago.
Mr. and Mrs. Savary spend their Summers at a cottgae near Little Harbor, handy to his grant. He is still keeping in close touch with his beloved shores, and cranberries.
Nothing jolts a narrow-minded man more than being forced to ad- mit he is in the wrong.
Eatmor Cranberries
WAREHAM
PLYMOUTH
TEL. 200
TEL. 1300
I
The New England Cranberry Sales Company, and the American Cranberry Exchange have been merchants of EATMOR Cranberries for more than 40 years.
They have been merchants of service to their members — as long.
There is an ansvi^er to your marketing problems — it can be found co-operatively. The advantages of large — volume marketing available through these co-ops cannot be obtained operating independently.
These advantages include: co-operative packing houses; stabiliza- tion of the market; and, above all others, sure returns for berries shipped.
New England Cranberry Sales Company
(The Cranberry Cooperative) Telephone 200 9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass.
.««■■ n •OM('*iJtf.Al»'«ffismi'W!<WroH>^^^'WHi>'!^
£atiiiar
tmk i
cranberries
Sometimes we are so close to the trees that we overlook the forest. Sometimes we are so close to our own problems that we minimize and overlook the enviable position which cranberries hold in the food industry.
Although one of the smallest of all fruits, cran- berries now enjoy recognition and respect, far out of proportion to their value in dollars and cents and place in the consumers' market basket.
For example, the National Cranberry Associ- ation is widely recognized as one of the nation's leading processors and marketing organizations. It is a record of accomplishment in which they can take great pride.
The American Cranberry Exchange has now reached a similar position in the fresh fruit and vege- table industry. The success of Operation Winmor has made us a leader in merchandising of fresh produce to a point where industry leaders are now adopting features of our plan for their own use.
AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE
CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY
HARDIE SPRAYERS
BUFFALO TURBINE Sprayer — Duster
DISSTON CHAIN SAWS
MALL ELECTRIC CHAIN SAWS
GORMAN-RUPP Centrifugal Pumps
MATHEWS WHEEL and ROLLER CONVEYOR
INSECTICIDES
FUNGICIDES
WEED KILLERS
Frost Insecticide Co.
24 Mill St.
Arlington 74, Mass.
Tel. AR B-6100, 6-6101
FORD
INDUSTRIAL POWER UNITS
6 Sizes
4-6 & 8 Cylinders
A size for every need.
Local Service and Parts
H. A. SUDDARD, Inc.
Wareham, Mass. Tel. 643
CHRYSLER
InduslTi'al Engines
"HORSEPOWER WJTH A PEDIGREE"
POWER UNITS CLUTCHES & TAKE-OFFS
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
PARTS & SERVICE
Immediate Deliveries
See Your Local Pump Dealer
or
WALTER H. MORETON CORP.
9 Commercial Ave. Cambridge, Mass.
Elliot 4-7891
INSECTICIDES
CRANBERRY GROWERS
Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters
Niagara Chemical Division
Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation
Middleport, New York
AUTO
Robert W. Savary
CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH
SALES and SERVICE
Goodyear and Federal Tires
Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories
East Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R
SERVICES
BOG SERVICE & SUPPLIES
INSECTICIDES
FERTILIZERS
FUNGICIDES
Aft'pnt for
WIGGINS AIRWAYS
Helicopter Spray and Dust Service
R. F. MORSE
WEST WAREHAM, MASS.
"cranberries" was the original and .'^till is the only general magazine of the indu.stry. yon should be a regular reader.
• • •
^snP3ni=40;=33;33=n;5n^::3sc2Cicn;^n;3sv;3nn
LOANS
THE NATIONAL FARM LOAN ASSOCIATION of Bridgewater
2 Central Square Bridgewater, Mass.
Federal Land Bank Loans •1 Vz 7o Long Term. Tel. 5377
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Classified Directory |
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VOLTA OIL CO. Distributor of tlie Famous TEXACO WATER WHITE |
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Attention Growers!! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene |
WATER WHITE 1 KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT |
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KEROSENE |
"GRADE A" |
Prompt Delivery Service |
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For your Bog |
metered trucks Stoddard Solvent |
1 Franconia Coal Co. |
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Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R Plymouth, Mass. Hedge Road, North Plymouth |
SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. tel. 93-J |
-INC.- Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R |
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Water White STODDARD KEROSENE SOLVENT |
J. W. Hurley Co. |
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TANK TRUCK SERVICE and |
• COAL • NEW ENGLAND COKE |
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HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAYING Arranged. NATHAN G. ROBY Carver, Mass. Bottled Gas Range and Fuel Oils TcL 95 and Appliances |
• FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE- For BOGS (METERED TRUCKS) 24-hour Fuel Oil Service Telephone 24-2 149 Main St. WAREHAM |
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SHAW & THOMAS |
FOR SALE 300 |
CRANBERRIES |
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Grower's Service Ditch Cleaning- - Sanding Frontend Loader - Building- Mowing - Renovating P.E.SHAW J.E.THOMAS |
UN-USED CRANBERRY I'lCKINC; BOXES (HAND NAILED) SUNSET MEADOWS Cranberry Co. |
is the only publication of the industry which accepts |
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37-11 Telephone Carver 8-11 |
Hill St. & Rtc. 28 Raynham, Mass. |
advertising |
Two
Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist
Frost Warning Service
Plans have been completed to send out frost reports over the telephone and radio. The popular telephone frost warning service is sponsored by the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association and is available to all Massachusetts grovi^ers. It is a splendid service and one that should have greater grower support. The wi'iter won- ders if it is clearly understood that the frost fees received by the As- sociation pay for the cost of col- lecting the data necessary to mak- ing up the frost warning, as well as the cost of phoning it to the subscribers. This brings up an- other question. Where does the radio fit into the picture? We at the Cranberry Station are also members of the staff of the Uni- versity of Massachusetts which is supported by state and federal taxes. It is obvious that we cannot limit our frost activities to a small gi'oup of growers who pay for telephone frost warnings. There- for'e, the same frost message is broadcast over the radio which is available to all growers. We have found the radio to be an ctFcctive and efficient method of supplementing the telephone warn- ing service but not a satisfactory substitute. The Extension Serv- ice pays the cost of phoning the message to the radio stations. Under present arrangements, if it were not for the frost subscribers and their fees, there would be no funds to pay for the cost of coU lecting the necessary data, and as a result there would be no telephone or radio frost warning service. The problem could easily be solved if each grower who values the work
could sign up one new member this Spring-. The additional revenue would gaurantee an economic and efficient frost service for all grow- ers.
Frost warnings are intended to serve only as a guide. Dr. Frank- lin's formulae indicates the mini- mum temperatures likely to occur over average areas of the bogs, in the cooler than average locations — ■ not the coldest temperatures that might be expected. Growers would find it to theiir advantage to review the subject of frost as prepared by Dr. Franklin in his Bulletin 402, "Weather In Cranberry Culture", particualrly pages 34 through 67. Keeping Quality Forecast
The Preliminary Keeping Qual- ity Forecast has been mailed out to the growers through the County Agricultural Agents ofl'ices and is as follows: "Drs. Cross and Frank- lin state that weather data through March 31 indicates that the gen- eral keeping quality of the Massa- chusetts cranberry crop for 1953 will be fair. Growers who have bogs that usually produce weak or tender fruit should consider hold- ing the Winter flood late or spray- ing them' with a fungicide in June." Dr. Franklin refers to this infor- mation as a "gamblers forecast". It is intended only as a guide, but growers have found it to be amaz- ingly accurate.
Weeds
Mid-April until early May is a good time to treat for grubs, poi- son ivy, chokeberry, and wild bean using PDB Crystals and sand. Grubs can also be controlled with Sodium Cyanide, but extreme cau- tion is required when using this chemical because it is a deadly
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Place |
A.M. |
Dial F. M. |
Aft |
ernoon |
E |
venings |
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WliZ |
Bosto.'i |
1030 K. |
'.l2.0-4fci.T mi;. |
2:U0 |
11:00 wuukdav !):30 Sundays |
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WOCli |
W. Yarmouth |
1240 K. |
94.3 mK. |
3:00 |
a:30 |
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WBSM |
New Bedford |
1230 K. |
97.3 me. |
3:00 |
9:00 |
poison. For best results, every ef- fort should be made to dry out bogs prior to this particular treatment. We have a timely suggestion from Dr. Cross relative to the use of Iron Sulfate. The cost has increased approximately $7.00 per ton. If this chemical is mixed with com- mon salt at the ratio of 9 parts of Iron Sulfate to one part common salt, only half as much of this mix- ture is needed. This technique re- duces the cost of this treatment and eliminates the necessity of rain in order to make the Iron Sulfate toxic to the weeds. We should like to remind growers again of the new weed treatments found in the 1953 weed charts. First, royal and cinnamon ferns can be checked with Nitrate of Soda. Second, hardback can be controlled with 2,4D. When treating cutgrass, manna grass and cotton: grass with kerosene fol- lowing late held water, the spray- ing should be done within eight days and preferably on a cool day in order to get best results. We refer you to the new weed charts for details concerning the above treatments.
Careful Planning
A new cranberry season is here which brings to mind a situation that can and should be improved. We are depending heavily on cus- tom operators to treat our bogs, for insects, diseases and weeds, as well as do our sanding, ditch cleaning and other bog work. Too many times these operators are not given enough advance notice to properly plan their work. A little more planning on the part of the grow- ers would help to correct the situ- ation and pay him dividends.
EX-OFFICIO
Two well-known Massachusetts agricultural leaders, Willard A. Munson, former director of the Massachusetts Extension Service, and Sumner R. Parker, former state Production and Marketing Administration executive officer, have been invited to serve as ex- officio members of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Mobilization Committee.
High cost of living increases — ■ but every holiday week-end an in- creasing number of citizens escape it.
Three
Western Pickers, Inc.
1172 Hemlock Ave., COOS BAY, OREGON
Telephone conversation between Dale Terp of Ban- don, Oregon and (Rudy) H. J. Hillstrom of Coos Bay, Oregon :
"Is this Rudy?"
"Roger"
"I thought your name was Rudy Hillstrom."
"That's fish talk."
"Do you write the ads I see in "Cranberries" Maga- zine?"
" Well, most of them — why?"
"I was just curious to know how you choose your subjects when you write for growers in Massachusetts, Nova Scotia, New Jersey, Wisconsin, British Columbia, Washington or Oregon."
"Between you and me it is quite a sticker. Now for instance in Mass., this month I'd like to tell all owners to get their old pickers checked at Frank Cook's Picker Serv- ice Station at South Middle- boro, or call Louis Sherman about another picker."
"Owners in Nova Scotia" and B. C. should be sure to prune their excessive vine growth. Growers in Wiscon- sin should investigate our new adaption for water pick- ing. Growers in New Jersey should rake old debris out of their vines with the fine tooth comb cleaning that the Western does, and out on the West Coast where most of the vines are long McFar- lins and very little sanding is done, the vines should be combed and trained in the direction they are to be picked, particularly if water l)ickers have been used pre- viously.
"So all in all it's hard to decide which things come fir.st but in the end Cranberry Growers seem to arrive at the proper answer as long as they have a Western Picker.
"Its great fun, though, and I enjoy it. Selah!"
(ADV)
Mass. Governor To Be At Meeting Of Growers
Christian A. Herter Will Ad- dress Annual Session of Cranberry Growers' Mu- tual at Wareham, April 18 — All Growers Invited To Attend.
Massachusetts's governor. Christian A. Herter, is scheduled as a speaker at the annual meeting of the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, Wareham Memorial town hall, Sat- urday afternoon, April 18 at .3:30 o'clock. This will be the annual meeting of that group and Pres- ident Nahum Morse announced the Governor's acceptance of an in- vitation to attend, at a director's meeting at the Cranberry Station March 25th.
The session is limited to cran- berry growers and their immediate families, and a cordial invitation is extended to all growers by the Mutual, whether members of the Mutual or not. There will be a few special guests invited, such as the Wareham Selectmen, staff of the Experiment Station, county agents of the cranberry growing areas and others.
The Governor is to be accom- panied by his son and a member of his Council, as it is understood Gov. Herter and his son are in- terested in the industry and wished to "sit in" on a growers' meeting. Representatives to the Massachu- setts Legislature, Alton H. Wor- rall of Wareham and Steven French of Swansea are to be brief speakers.
In addition to the Governor's talk and the election of officers, representatives of the various sales organizations, including ACE and NCA and the independents, have been invited to speak briefly.
President Morse and the secre- tary, Chester Robbins of Onset, are making final arrangements.
The Cranberry Growers' Mutual is the gi'oup organized in 1951 at "grower level," to be concerned chiefly with the marketing of the crop. It was held at the time that it is the duty of the grower to retain an interest in his berries, not only through the growing per- iod, but in marketing as well, and to see that only quality fruit was sent to the consumer. Meetings have been held to which distrib- utors have been invited to meet with the growers.
HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL
DUSTING AND SPRAYING
Hiqqins m
qqi
vns fliru/aus
NORWOOD, MASS.
RAY MORSE. Agent
Tel Wareham 405-W4
Four
iSBJ
ISSUE OF APRIL 1953 — VOL. 17 NO. 12
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Waieham, Massachusetts. Subscription. $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FSELDS
Compiled by C J. H,
MASSACHUSETTS
March Rainy "Whackey"
March was a miserable month in Massachusetts. It was windier, wetter and "whackier" than usual. Rainfall totalled 7.71 inches as measured at the State Bog, East Wareham. This, plus a fall of 8.09 inches in January and a precipita- tion of 5.50 in February, brings the total for the first three months of 1953 to more than the normal for half of the year.
As April comes in there is cer- tainly plenty of water available for frost protection, for most grow- ers, at least. Dr. Cross, director of the Experiment Station, does not anticipate much frost this Spring, however — nothing like last Spring's troubles.
I^ss Frost This Spring? He bases this anticipation on three factors; (1) the entire year of 1952 was warm; (2) the past winter was warmer than usual; (3) there has been an abnormally warm Spring so far, and, he says, "this doesn't spell much frost to me."
March Sunshine Deficient There were more cloudy days in March than normal. This is, of course, definitely adverse to the sunshine factor. The month just didn't have enough "Old. Sol." March Warmer Temperature for March was in excess of normal by 39 degrees, al- though the first 15 days were colder than usual by a total of 57 degi-ees for the 15. But the latter part of the nronth more than caught up. And the temperature departure from normal since Jan- uary first is plus 370 degirees. (Boston Weather Bureau.)
Forecast for Wetter April
U. S. Weather Bureau 30-day forecast for Nev^f England is cooler and wetter than normal for April. And, April did start off with rainy days.
Prospects Still Bright
There is good bud., generally speaking. Some growers say the crop may be cut down a little be- cause of heavy sanding last year on many bogs. But it may be said crop prospects continue bright for '53.
NEW JERSEY
Weather R«port
Some of our most wintry weather occurred in the early part of March, but the month as a whole was milder than normal. The tem- perature averaged 44°F., about 2° above normal, with extremes of 73°F. on the 28th and 11°F. on the 9th.
The month was unusually rainy with a total of 6,58 inches of rain falling on 15 days. This precipita- tion about 3 inches more than nor- mal, was the second rainiest month in 25 years at Pemberton.
The Winter of 1952-53 has been one of the mildest on record. There has hardly been a day during which water on bogs has remained frozen all day. Winter injury of cranber- ries appears to be slight.
As of April 1st the season in New Jersey appears to be about two weeks earlier than normal. Mum- my berry apothecia began appear- ing in blueberry fields around March 25th. A peach tree on the cranberry laboratory grounds was in full blossom on March 31st. Growers in South Jersey are in a vulnerable position in the event of
late frosts.
Getting Water Off
Drawing of the Winter flood was begun on at least one large prop- erty on March 23rd.
WASHINGTON
Spring Arrives
Spring weather, while not ad- vancing as rapidly as it appeared a while back, will be at least a couple of weeks ahead of last year. Bogs are losing their somber win- ter color and are taking on the green of Spring. New bogs are showing a little new growth and blueberry blossoms are already in evidence as of March 24th.
Cranguyma Farms at Long Beach is planning to put in 20 acres of new cranberries this sea- son. Newkirk and Chabot are also adding to their acreage and are installing a sprinker system on about 10 acres.
OREGON
The Bandon area, which is the center of cranberry growing in this state, will this year observe its 100th anniversary. The "West- ern World,," Bandon's weekly news-
Vernon Goldsworthy
Cranberry Specialist and Grower
B. S. M. S. University of Wisconsin
STURGEON BAY, WISCONSIN
1. Growers suplies of all kinds
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Name
Address.
Town
Crops
-State- -Acres-
Your Massachusett dealei's are:
C. MORRIS WILLIAMS
Hatchville, Mass.
CHARLES II. REED
1.5C School Street Seekonk, Mass.
paper, is publishing a series of historical reports. In the March 26th issue the "World" says the first donation claim taken up south of the Coquille River on the coast and extending almost as far south as Polt Orford was taken in the year 1853 by Thompson Lowe, better known as Tonmiy Lowe, who came here (Bandon) from New Orleans; and the second by Chris Long, a Canadian.
"Tommy Lowe's house was the first house built in all the extensive country just mentioned and Chris Long's the second; both of these were on Bandon Beach.
"After these, and at the close of the same year, the site of the town of Bandon was taken up, and not for the gold, that glittered in front of it, for there was none, but because it was a convenient place for a ferry and from its ad- mirable position for commercial purposes must in course of time, necessarilly become very valuable."
There is more in the article, but that gives the facts of the fivgi- settlement in this cranberry area. Band.on is 100 years old!
WISCONSIN
Winter is Over
Temperatures for March were above normal, while precipitation was below the average. In the general break-up in the central
marshes, the complete disappear- ance and ice and snow took place from approximately the 15th to the 2nth of March.
Water Being Ijoweied
As of the first week of April growers were lowering their win- ter floods in preparation for taking the water off completely. Marshes appeared healthy and to have over- wintered well.
Frost Plans
Present plans call for the Wis- consin cranberry growers' state frost warning service to start May ], with R. T. Walford in charge as last season.
URANN DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL CANNERS ASSO.
Marcus L. Urann, President of the NCA, was elected a director of the National Canners Association at a recent convention in Chicago. Mr. Urann was one of 25 new di- rectors elected for a three year term from processing companies throughout the United States.
Representatives of the cranben-y growers cooperative are regular at- tenders at the National Canners Convention and this year held their 26th breakfast meeting with Ocean Spray brokers and sales repre- sentatives.
ATLANTIC
WATER WHITE KEROSENE
Pumped directly onto bog through a spray nozzle.
•
STODDARD SOLVENT
PETROLEUM SALES & SERVICE, INC.
Hedge Road - Plymouth, Mass. Phone Plymouth 1499
Sis
Cranberry Flowers and the Set of Fruit
By Chester E. Cross
(Summary of a talk given to the South Shore and Southeastern Cranberry Clubs, February 17 and 1, 1953.)
If I were to describe the cran- berry flower to a group of bota- nists, it could be done very quickly and easily as follows: actino- morphic, synsepalous with 4 sepals persistent; polypetalous with de- ciduous corolla; androecium of 8 separate stamens with bright red filaments and elongate anthers with terminal pores; the flower epigynous with a 4-loculed, multio- vulate gynoecium. And they tell me Latin is a dead language! The problem of describing the flower to cranberry growers is different, of course, so if you will bear with me, allow me a few terms that I think necessary, and make allow-
ances for my sketchy drawings, we will try to make all clear.
In figure 1 the new growth of two uprights is shown at a stage just prior to the opening of the first blossom. This growth has consisted of a swelling of the ter- minal bud and elongation of the stem. You will notice that the new leaves are developed at the top of the upright while the flower buds occur just beneath these new leaves. From the base of the new upright where last year's terminal bud was foi-med, upward through the flower bud zone, a number of very small leaves, called bracts, are found distributed around the stem. At least the lower of these bracts ai'e all that remain of the
scale leaves that protected last year's terminal bud. A close look at the figure shows that each flower stalk grows out of the upper angle formed by the bract with the stem. All branches and branchlets of the "higher" plants develop in the up- per axils of leaves, so the position of the flower stalks on the cran- berry upright makes it clear that the bracts are really leaves and that the flower and its stalk is a true branch of the upright. About 2/3's the way out along the flower stalk are 2 more dwai'f leaves which look like the bracts and be- cause of this similarity are called bi-acteoles. In the very early stages of flower bud development, the bracteoles enclose and protect this bud. Dr. Bergman has thought that the relative size of the brac- teoles provides an indication of the degree of oxygen-deficiency injury to the flower buds; the larger the bracteoles the greater the injury. Before we study the flower it- self, we should mention briefly one other matter. When the flower bud and its stalk have developed, a curve is formed in the stalk that forces the flower to "nod" or hang. This is characteristic of all healthy or normal flowers, while on vines afi'licted with the false blossom dis- ease this curve does not develop, the flower does not nod but is di- rected upward at a sharp angle.
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The flower bud as shown, much enlarged in figure 2, is quite simple. At the end of the flower stalk ap- pears the swollen green ovary, and beyond that is the calyx, a tiny ring of tissue made up of 4 united sepals. The calyx persists after the bloom and set, and is best known to cranberry growers as the organ inside which the fruit- worm millers lay their dreaded eggs. Inside the calyx and extend- ing far beyond it is the corolla of the cranberry flower, made up of 4 white or pinkish petals forming in the bud, a tube or enclosure for the reproductive parts.
Having followed the cranberry flower through the bud stage, we come now to that fine June day when the bud 'bursts" into flower. With patience a grower can wit- ness this bursting, for developing water or sap pressure within the petals finally causes them', to spring apart suddenly and within a few hours curl back on themselves in characteristic fashion.
It will be remembered that this curling of the petals fails to occur in vines aft'licted with the false blossom disease, and instead, re- main straight.
The petals of normal flowers, especially when newly open, are white or only slightly pink, and re- main thus for a few days.
Just within the petals lies the brownish stamen "tube" composed of 8 separate stamens which stand so close together in a ring that they form a tube. Each stamen has two elongate sacs, called an- thers, each containing myraids of pollen grains which adhere in groups of four called "tetrads". The dry, mature pollen makes its exit downward through a tiny opening in the extreme tip of each pollen sac. Cranberry pollen is relatively heavy and cannot be carried far by the wind.
Just inside the base of the sta- mens there is a ring of tiny, in- conspicuous structures called "nectaries". These produce nectar in rather great quantities when flowers are healthy, and it is this nectar which with the bright petals attracts the bees to cranberry flowers. The bee thrusts its pro- boscis down through the stamen tube to suck out the nectar.
At the center of the flower
Seven
stands a small, straight, tubular structure which is called the style. It is inserted at the far end of the ovary, and a tiny opening which runs down its center connects with each of the four openings or cavi- ties inside the ovary. The outer tip of the style is flattened or slightly expanded ,and this sur- face is called the stigma. The sur- face of the stigma becomes sticky at the right] time so that pollen will stick to it, and provide moisture enough for the pollen grain to germinate.
As previously mentioned the ovary is divided into four small chambers, cells or cavities in each of which tiny immature seeds called "ovules" are developed.
With the above picture of the cranberry flower and its parts, we are now prepared to study pollina- tion and fertilization which bring about the set of fruit. In this dis- cussion do not forget that the cran- berry flower is nodding and is pointed downward. At the time when pollen is being shed, when the tiny tetrads are ready to sift through the small openings in the ends of the stamens, the stigma is dry and well concealed beneath the .'•tamen tips. Bees visit this flower to collect the nectar and shake the flower considerably in hanging on. At this time pollen is shaken out dusting the head and other parts of the bee. The grains are caught and held by the numerous hairs on the bee before he leaves the flower. The next flower visited by the bee may have been open a few days longer than the first and thus may have shed all its pollen. Supposing this to be true, the style will be showing at least 1/16 of an inch beyond the stamens on this sec- ond flower, and in addition the stigma at its tip is sticky oi- "re- ceptive", as the botanists say. In mauling this second flower prepar- atory to collecting the nectar, the stigma picks up some of the pollen which was dusted onto the bee by the fii-st flower. As we have said, the pollen is in tetrads or fours, so each tetrad on the stigma has four grains or cells. Each pollen grain grows a long, hairlike structure called a pollen tube which grows down through the tiny canal in the center of the .style and finally en- ters one of the four chambers in
■.'•J~ — po/.'en JD/'a^ra/n of Lo/t^i section
y
C/pen Cran6<:m/ /'/oyy£/'
the ovary. Nuclear material from the pollen tube finally unites with a bit of similar nuclear material in an ovule, and this process is called "fertilization", and after this, the fertilized ovule develops into a mature seed.
Dr. Bergman informs me that tlie stigma does not become re- ceptive in a flower until 24-.'l(i hours after that flower has begun to shed pollen. A perceptible swelling of the ovary can be seen 36-48 hours after pollination has been effected. Such a swelling can be noted in peaches and apples only after 4 or 5 days, probably because the style of these two fruits is solid and it takes the pollen tubes that much longer to grow down through the solid tissue instead of the easy canal provided in the style of the cranberry.
Unfertilized flowers may hang on the \ ines for 2-3 weeks, during wliicli tinii' tlicrc is a (levetopnient
of rosy coloration in the petals. The greater part of the flowers on a bog should open, set, and the petals fall within a two-weeks' period. A delayed fall of the petals is a sign of a poor pollination and usually results in a poor crop.
Many cranberry growers have at one time or another seen their bogs "bloom white," by which they mean there was an extraordinarily large number of flowers only to have a poor set and finally a poor crop. Why such a fine crop of flowers should yield so poor a crop is a problem which is still (icbated. Some say heavy rains (hiring the blooming period washed off the pollen and prevented polli- nation or that it kept the bees from their normal activity or that it diluted the nectar beyond a point where bees would collect it. Some consider that cold weather in late Spring retards or stops pollen de- velopnn'ut so that fertilization is
iiol olTeclutl. Some even think the cranberry is wind pollinated while others have attributed the failure of a K<'od set of fruit ta high winds in the blooming period. And final- ly some think oxygen deficiency in the Winter or Spring flooding waters injures the nectaries so that little or no nectar is produced and consequently bees fail to work the flowers.
With such a diff"erence of opinion prevalent both among research men and cranberry growers, I am hesi- tant to make known my own opin- ions particularly as I have not made this problem one of my own particular studies. Therefore, I will point out a few facts and sug- gestions and leave the matter un- til it has been studied more closely. Screen cages have been set out on the State bog to exclude bees dur- ing the blooming period. The screens were not fine enough to prevent wind from shaking the up- rights. Scarcely a cupful of ber- ries could be found on the Vi sq. rod enclosed. The nodding cran- berry flower points downward. It is diff^icult to see how the rain can wash away any pollen or get at the nectar which is confined within the vertical anther sacs. As for rain keeping bees away, it takes 10 days to 2 weeks for all the flowers on an unright to open, shed the pollen, and make the stigma receptive. In that time, there is generally at least a few days when the bees could work. If they are persent in sufl'i'-'icnt numbers, there should not be a poor set of fruit. I have no facts at all relative to the eff'ect of low temperature on the develop- ment of cranberry pollen. As for nectaries injured by flooding waters, I have seen a bog in full bloom, and it was a heavy bloom, where with ideal weather there were scarcely any bees present and very few flowers containing nectar. We need a close study of this im- portant subject.
If, as we now feel morally cer- tain, bees are very largely re- sponsible for transferring the pol- len from one flower to the stigma of another, we should do all we can to see to it that bees are plentiful during the cranberry flowering period. The bumblebee is apparent- ly much more helpful th^n the
honeybee m this work. It has been estimated that the bumblebee will visit 100 or more times as many blossoms as the honeybee, and as long as bumblebee populations are heavy, there would appear to be little need or use in placing hives of honeybees near a bog. Bumble- bee populations in the Cape Cod cranberry area have been quite heavy each year since 1944 and have probably played an important role in the large crops of those years. There is a little concern felt at the Cranberry Station that the bumble bee population in 1953 may not be as heavy as recently. Heavy rains in May could cause much trouble in this direction, and last Summer's drought may have deprived the bumblebees of their usual supplies of pollen and nector. Dr. Franklin, as many of you know, is studying the bumblebees, and although most of his work is un- related to our present problem, some of his findings will be helpful to us. Professor William Tomlin- son and Mr. Joseph Kelley hope by transferring a few bumblee queens to the uplands of the State Bog to have a few colonies, of these bees established near the Station for study this Spring and Summer. As for the placing of hives of honeybees near our cranberry bogs during the bloom, their value will be indirectly proportional to the numbers of bumblebees present. In this regard, each interested grower should look up the January issue of Cranberries Magazine for 1947 and read the article by Farrar and Bain on Honeybees. The cran- berry grower who wants to be sure of enough pollinators for his cranberry flowers should consider hiring a strong hive for each two acres of bog. As for the time of placing the hives at the bog, re- member that if there are too few cranberry flowers open to keep the bees busy they will seek nectar elsewhere and will probably con- tinue to go elsewhere as long as their alternate choice is adequate. I think hives should be brought to the bog only when 1/5 or 1/4 of the cranberry blossoms are open. I am sure you should read Professor Tomlinson's paper on the care of bees while spraying insecticides on the bog in this same issue of Cranberries.
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Nine
Insecticides Can Kill Cranberry Pollinators
William E. Tomlinsoii, Jr.
It is a well established fact gained through careful experi- ments by several different work- ers in Massachusetts, New Jersey and Wisconsin that cranberries are largely pollinated by bees. There- fore, that these bee pollinators should be encouraged in the inter- ests of larger crops in self evident, but some of our insect control rec- ommendations have been drawn up with too little regard for their ef- fect on bees.
It is true that honeybee hives can be replaced, but the wholesale killing of colonies will not lower the hive rental cost nor will it make for poularity with beekeepers. Those dependent entirely on wild bees wil do themselves and the bees a great favor to give this matter particular thought. The senseless slaughter of the field workers of rented hives or of wild bees in the area may reduce fruit set very appreciably the year the bees are killed and the effects are likely to hold over into the follow- ing year where the bogs are en- tirely dependent on wild bees for pollination.
A glance at some 1953 Cranberry Pest Control charts shows the im- portance New Jersey places in the value of pollinating insects since they do not recommend any insecti- cide applications during the bloom- ing period. The Massachusetts Pest Control chart and the Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company chart on the other hand are care- less of the bees virith DDT, cryolite and parathion suggested to be ap- plied at some time during the blooming period to control one or more insects.
Of the older insecticides still in use on cranberries, lead arsenate and cryolite are particularly harm- ful to bees because they not only kill field workers, but they are stored in the pollen which kills the brood when it is fed to them. Lead arsenate is still found on the Massachusetts chart for brown grasshopper control. We should be able to time applications to avoid bloom, but if not, some other effective but safer material such as toxaphene might be used.
Cryolite is still recommended in Massachusetts for cranberry fruit- worm control and to be applied at a time when it can do great harm to bees. It could well be avoided in the first fi-uitworm application whn it would be most hazardous to bees by sustaining rotenone which is less harmful, or by using ryania or some other materials that are of low toxicity to bees.
DDT, though much less harmful to bees than lead arsenate, is dan- gerous to use during bloom' because it kills field bees. In general DDT dusts are more toxic to bees than wettable powder sprays. On the Massachusetts chart we find DDT recommended for controlling sev- eral different insects at times when it can be injurious to bees, i.e. weevil, black-headed and yellow- headed fireworms, blunt-nosed leaf leafhopper, green and brown spanworms, spittle insect, tip worm and girdler. Further research with safer materials or different timing might correct some of the harm these applications are doing to the bees, but if DDT is necessary dur- ing bloom, its adverse effects on bees can be minimized by spray- ing or dusting during the hours bees are not working, such as at night or on cool cloudy days.
The organic phosphates, such as parathion, EPN, malathon and metacide, are all highly toxic to pollinating insects. Parathion is one of the most toxic insecticides known to bees by contact, ingestion and from fumigation. Further- more, it is stored in both the pollen and honey so that it not only kills field bees, but also the hive bees and brood as well. It and other organic phosphates have no place in cranberry insect control during the blooming period.
A brief summary of insecticide toxity to bees to keep in mind when applying recommended insecticides or trying new ones in bloom follows:
1. Safe to use during bloom: Aramite, Ovotran, Ryania.
2. Kills not more than 10% of field bees — considered safe, Toxa- phene, Methoxychlor, TDE, Rote- none.
3. Kills 10% or more percept
of field workers — apply during hours bees are not working; DDT, Chlordane, Aldrin.
4. Cannot be used safely during bloom; Benzene Hexachloride, Lin- dane, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Para- thion, EPN, Metacide Malathon.
The ffects of the wholesale use of some of these materials on the parasite-predator and pest com- plex on cranberry bogs shoud also be kept in mind. Their use on some crops has upset this balance to such an extent that insects that were once only minor pests have assumed major pest status, because the parasites and predators have been reduced or eliminated and the insecticide has not controlled the pest. Cranberry scale may be just such a case.
To summarize, if at all practical, insecticides should not be used dur- ing bloom unless they are^ harmless to bees. If good control of the in- sect and adequate reduction of damage can only be obtained by applications during bloom, ma- terials that are least harmful to bees should be used and only ap- plied during the hours bees are not active in the field.
JERSEY APPLE GROWERS
ASSESS THEMSELVES Members of the New Jersey Ap- ple Institute have voted unan- imously to tax themselves 2 cents a bushel on apples they sell to finance a promotion and publicity effort. The tax will be imposed on all apples above those of cider and vinegar grade.
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KILL WEEDS AT |
LESS COST |
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AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT | |
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PROVIDENCE, R. I. |
Hopkins |
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370 Aliens Avenue |
1-1300 |
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BOSTON, MASS. |
Prospect |
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60 Foley Street |
.6-8100 |
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CHICAGO, ILL. |
Andover |
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230 N. Michigan |
3-30B0 |
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NEW YORK CITY |
Murray Hill |
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IBB E. 44th Street |
2-6490 |
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PHILADELPHIA, PA. |
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Caldwell Lane |
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Conshohocken, Pa. |
6-1010 |
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MILWAUKEE, WIS. |
Greenfield |
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1719 S. 83rd St. |
6-2630 |
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LOS ANGELES, Calif. |
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8600 S. Garfield Ave.Madison | |
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South Gate. Calif. |
9-2179 |
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PORTLAND, ORE. |
Topaz |
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S. W. Gibbs St. |
2-8101 |
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Service in 48 |
States |
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AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS |
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Tpb
Above — Panel at Rochester meeting- of Southeastern Massachusetts Cranberry Club. From left to right: speaking, Richard Kiernan; seated, Assistant County Agent, Dominic A. Marini; E. L. Bartholomew; Louis Sherman and Fritz Shaw. (Cranberries Photo)
TECHNIQUES IN LABOR SAVINGS MEETING TOPICS
Plymouth County Clubs In Winter Gatherings Dis- cuss Various Sanding Methods — Elect Officers For 1953.
Winding up the series of winter meetings, Plymouth County (Mass.) cranberry clubs, had an instruc- tive program, "Labor-Saving Tech- niques," featuring sanding. At both the sessions of the South Shore group at Kingston, March 17th and the Southeastern at Rochester Grange hall the 18th, there were near record, attendances.
As these were annual meetings, officers were elected for 1953.
At Kingston, "Bob" Whiting was succeeded as president by Francis Phillips of Plymouth; vice presi- dent is Irving Gorham, Kingston; Fred Bailey, Kingston, secretary- ti'easurer. Advisory Committee, Russell A. Trufant and Orrin Col- ley.
Same slate was re-elected at
Rochester as the customary two- year tenure of office had not ex- pired. The officers are: presideent, Frank Butler, Wareham; vice-pres- ident, Chester Robbins, Onset; sec- retary-treasurer, Emil C. St. Jacques, Wareham. Advisory conr- mittee, St. Jacques and Russell Makepeace.
The labor saving technique pro- gram was under direction of Dom- inic Marini, associate county agent, and, speakers were Edward L. Bar- tholomew, Wareham "Tractors and Trailers for Sanding"; "Piecework with Wheelbarrows," Richard Kier- nan, Wareham; "Jalopies for Sand- ing," Louis Sherman, Plymouth, and "Ditch Cleaning," Fritz Shaw, Carver.
Bartholomew
Mr. Bartholomew told how he had begun sanding last fall with a wheelbarrow crew, but found this was costing him about $200 an acre, due chiefly, he said, to the fact his workers, 6-8 in number, "just showed no interest in work- ing." Then he bought an Inter- national Cub tractor and three trailers. He laid planks about 100 to 150 out on the bog, loaded his
trailers and, had them pulled out. Reaching the end of the planking he had tractor and trailer driven directly on the vines, and the sand spread. His method of procedure was to have one trailer in the pit, another being hauled out and the third on the bog unloading, simul- taneously.
Althouh he assumed he was do- ing some damage to his vines, he said, he could note vei-y little, and as his boge needed sanding very baadly and he could not afford any other way of getting the sand, he felt the vine injury was more than justified by the good of the sanding. He found, oddly enough, he said, that his same sanding crew, working with the tractor and trailers stopped wasting time.
He sanded a total of 15 acres at an average cost, including a $1,500 investment for equipment, at $85 an acre. One actual measured acre cost $92 and one five acre bog which he "buried with sand" cost 1115.
"I call that very reasonable for sanding," he said. "More than $100 an acre I consider too much mon- ey."
Eleveii
"Personally," he added, "1 don't think you need to sand nearly as much if you wash, that is, flood your bogs to clean up the trash after picking each fall."
With the tractor and trailers he said he had only one engine to maintain and he found the outfit useful for other purposes. "Jalopies"
Sherman's topic concerned the use of old Model A. Fords, or other cheap cars, stripped down to bare operating essentials, with a plat- form body built on. He said he could pick up these cars at a cost of $25 to $35 each and he had five at a total investment, after con- version, of about $750.
At first, he said, he drove right out over the vines, but decided he was doing too much damage to vines, so he used 8-inch planking. Most of his bogs were so laid out that he could di'ive on from one shore and go oflf on the other. Where he could not do this the "jalopies" were backed on. Each truck carried about five wheelbar- row load.s, and men could spread from the rear of the truck and from both sides, covering a a strip about 30 feet wide before moving planks.
Last fall he said he covered about 16 acres at a cost, he es-
timated of about $80 an acre, not counting his investment or main- tenance of the "jalopies." Besides sanding, he found the stripped- down autos valuable for other purposes, such as hauling out pick- ing machines, boxes and for run- ning around the roads of his prop- erty.
Ditch Digger
Mr. Shaw told of a ditch cleaner he had devised. He said he had rigged up a double-drum winch on an old car body, for which the en- gine supplied the power. Cables were attached to a bucket, with one end fast to a "dead man." The bucket is pulled through the ditch, getting a clean cut down to a depth of 18 inches, which he un- derstood was the recommend.ed depth of a margin or cross ditch.
Longest haul he made he said, was 1,500 feet. He found that ditches were cleaned out properly of weeds, rotted stumps, overhang- ing vines, and the method was ef- fective in preventing weed spread. He has thi-ee buckets, 18, 24 inches in width and one larger one for main ditches. He estimated rough- ly he could clean the ditches of one acre for |40-§50.
Imported Labor
Massachusetts growers are not to import Puerto Rican labor this
SPECIAL ATTENTION
TO THE NEEDS OF
CRANBERRY GROWERS
BUILDING MATERIALS of AH Types
REDWOOD FLUME LUMBER In Stock
E. W. GOODHUE LUMBER CO.
Foot Cambridge St.
Middleboro, Mass.
Phone 1123
Middleboro Road
East Freetown, Mass.
Phone No. Roch. 75
spring as a unit, as they have the past two years, local labor being deemed sufficient. This was ex- plained by Frank Butler, chairman of the labor committee of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associa- tion. Individual growers, however, he said, might bring in their own help from the U. S. island by con- tacting any of the offices of the U. S. Divisions of Enrployment Se- curity in the cranberry area. About 60 men will get Puerto Ricans in- dividually this spring, according to present accounting.
Expense of transportation is charged against the wages of the worker, and this year 75 cents per man per week to come from wages must be set aside for illness or hospitalization. A meeting of the committee was held in February and another will be called in the Summer, to determine if a mass importation is needed for harvest crews.
Fish vs. Insecticides
John Ryther of the Massachu- setts Division of Fisheries and Game requested growers to be careful in the application of insec- icides, particularly rotenone, so as not to contaminate streams and kill fish. Last year, he said, the Mashpee river on the Cape had been stocked with "salt water" trout. These were doing nicely un- til August when they were all killed from sprays getting into the river. He said the State planned to continue this program of stocking streams in Southeastern Massachu- setts, and, said he had been in- formed by Dr. C. E. Cross of the Cranberry Experiment Station, there would be no danger to fish if the growers would observe the prescribed cautions in the pesticide applications.
Poor Drainage Cuts Production
Other speakers were Oscar Nor- ton, his subject being "How I Use the Keeping Quality Forecast" (at Kingston;) Dr. F. B. Chandler speaking upon cranberry soils, and emphasizing the importance of ad- equate drainage for bogs and Wil- liam E. Tomlinson of the Station staff, who spoke of changes in the weed chart. (These major changes were covered in last month's issue by "Dick" Beattie, cranberry spe- cialist.)
Twelve
In his talk Dr. Chandler said New Jersey, which has a relatively low production per acre, had poorer drainage in general than Massachu- setts. Massachusetts, averages about 38 bbls. per acre. Wisconsin which has better drainage than Massachusetts averages 56-58 bbls. per acre. The conclusion is, he said, that inadequate drainage definately cuts down production.
Piecework Sanding With Wheelbarrow
(Editor's Note — The following is the talk given by Richard Kier- nan of the A. D. Makepeace Co., at the Plymouth County cranberry club meetings last month.)
In order to establish a price for piecework sanding with wheel- barrow a time study was made. In this study we had to find how long- it took to screen one wheelbarrow load of sand (1/6 of a cu. yd.); how long it took to load a wheel- barrow without screening the sand; how long it took to wheel this load out on the bog and back to the sand pit and how long it took to spread this load of sand on the bogs. It was found that at the rate of $1.20 per hour the prices for these operations were as fol- lows:
1. Screening one load of sand .03c
2. Loading wheelbarrow .03c
3. Spreading load on bog .04c
4. Wheeling 45 ft. (both ways) .01c If the prevailing wage is .90c
per hour, the extra .30c is divided about I2V2 7o for moving planki and the rest as an incentive for the worker.
The wheelers can move their own plank or they can get a man to do it for them. The wheelers pay this man; if there are 7 wheel- ers every eighth load is credited to the man moving plank. If there are 9 wheelers every 10th load is credited to this man. With this system the man moving plank makes what the wheeling group averages per man hour.
To measure a piece of bog for sanding, from piles of sand dumped on the shores of the bog or from the sand pits around the bog, the greatest distance to be wheeled
is taken from each pile of sand or sand pit. If the wheeling distance is 45 ft. from the first pile, (this area being the same as that of an arc with a 45 ft. radius) we will say that it takes one unit to cover this area. With a 90 ft. wheel from the second pile or an arc with a 90 ft. radius it will take 4 units, (one unit for the 45 ft. arc and 3 units for 90 ft. arc). The third pile has a wheeling distance of 135 ft .or an arc with a radius of 135 ft. This area will take 9 units (one for the 45 ft. arc, 3 for the 90 ft. arc and 5 for the 135 ft. arc.) The fourth pile has a wheeling distance of 180 ft. or an arc with a radius of 180 ft., this ai'ea will require 16 units, (one for the 45 ft. arc, 3 for the 90 ft. arc, 5 for the 135 ft. arc and 7 for the 180 ft. arc). The number of units increasing in this proportion with each increase of
45 ft. in distance. To get the aver- age wheeling distance for this piece of bog, the greatest wheeling distance from each pile of sand or sand pit is multiplied by the total number of units in this area. This gives the unit feet to be wheeled from each pile or pit. The total unit feet for the bog divided by the total units equals the average wheeling distance. For example:
Pile No. 1 — 45 ft. by 1 unit equals 45 unit ft.; Pile No. 2—90 ft. by 4 units equals 360 unit ft.; Pile No. 3—135 ft. by 7 units equals 945 unit ft.; Pile No. 4 — 180 ft. by 16 units equals 2,880 unit ft. Total units, 28; total unit feet, 4,230.
4,230 total unit ft. divided by 28 total units equals 151.07 ft. aver- age wheeling distance.
With this system it is possible to get a very good idea of what it
TESTED AND PROVEN
The Trufant Straight-Line Pump has now been tested in the laboratory of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and I am prepared to specify, from a choice of seven types and sizes of propellers, the one best suited for your particular location, and the speed at which it should be run, as well as the power required.
Here are some sample results:
3.5 ft. head, 3100 RPM, 3000 GPM or 6 1/2 acre-inches
per hour.
7 ft. head, 3200 RPM, 2730 GPM, over 6 acre-inches
per hour.
13 ft. head, 3200 RPM, 1900 GPM or 41/2 acre-inches
per hour.
All with less than 10 horse power, if an electric motor
is used; 15 to 20 HP gasoline engine.
This is the pump which is assembled above ground and lowered into a wet or dry trench thru the dike, without concrete work or sheeting — lowest installation cost of any such device. This is the pump which can be reversed in a few minutes to pump back. The mass-produced working parts can be replaced in one- half hour.
PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS
RUSSELL A. TRUFANT
Carver 64-11 North Carver, Mass.
Thirteen
will cost to sand a piece of bog, provided the average wheeling dis- tance is known and proper supervi- sion is given to loading and spread- ing.
If a piece of bog 2 acres in size has an average wheeling distance of 150 ft. it will cost approximately $159.20 to sand this bog or $79.60 an acre to apply sand at the rate of 80 cu. yards per acre. A break- down of this cost is as follows: Loading Wheelbarrow $.03
Spreading Wheelbarrow .04
Wheeling price for 150 ft. .025
Per wheelbarrow $.095
If the wheeler has to sci'een the
sand, add $0.3 to this price.
As we said before a wheelbarrow
of sandi is 1/6 of a cu. yd. therefore
one cu. yd. of sand spread on the
bog will cost $.57.
80 cu. yds. @ .57=$45.60
Screening and carting
80 cu. yds. of sand = 24.00
Supervision @ $10.
per acre= 10.00 (This includes tally keeping) Total cost of sanding 1 acre
$79.60
Wisconsin Grower Editor Of New Wilderness News
Many cranberry growers have a sideline or two. Not many choose to be editors, but that, however, is the role of Walter Goldsworthy, marsh operator in the Three Lakes region of Northern Wisconsin. "Walt," brother of Vernon Golds- worthy, with whom he is engaged in cranberry growing, is editor of a new quai-terly publication, "The Wilderness News."
Publication is a six-page news- print of about half tabloid size, put out by the Three Lakes Wil- derness Society. The society is newly-formed, with the purpose of protecting the wild life and beau- ties of the district, which, in ad- dition to growing cranberries, is a resort area.
Goldsworthy, as well as being editor of the "News," is executive secretary and. treasurer of the so- ciety. Its president is Fred "Cy" Williams, three-time National League home-run champion of
Fourtten
baseball fame. Among the vice- presidents is Sam Campbell, well known lecturer and naturalists.
Goldsworthy's hobbies are wild- life and nature, writing and history.
GARDEN PLANNING FUN
Now that the growing season has played itself out, paper planning of your garden areas can become an interesting and at the same time, helpful indoor hobby during the Winter months. Good gardens are always the result of plans that
have been put on paper before the garden has been constructed.
Cross section paper with squares one-eighth or one-fourth inch square is ideal for home garden planning. Each square on the paper would equal 1 foot on the ground. This makes it very simple to map out the garden to a very accurate scale. (Rutgers, N. J.)
A free country is one in which a nobody can make himself feel important by cussing a somebody.
Saving Dollars
Is Making Dollars
An economical and efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
From our experience on our own bogs, as well as on the bogs of many others, we find that using the C & L . power pruner and rake is the most efficient method of pruning cranberry bogs.
This conviction is arrived at after working on more than 1,000 acres.
We also find that a properly pruned bog is easier to pick, with less drop and far less damage to the vines.
From one demonstration in New Jersey, six ma- chines were sold. New Jersey growers wishing infor- mation on these machines may contact Eddie Lippman of National Cranberry Association, Bordentown.
Massachusetts growers who wish their bogs pruned or want information on these machines may contact the C & L Equipment Company, 191 Leonard Street, Acushnet, Massachusetts ... or call either Frank P. Crandon or Herbert C. Leonard. Tel. New Bedford 3-4332 — North Rochester 89-3.
C & L EQUIPMENT COMPANY
F. V. CRANDON 1209 Main Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 89-3
H. C. LEONARD 191 Leonard Street Acushnet, Mass. Tel. New Bedford 34332
Vol. 17-No. 12 ISSUE OF APRIL 1953
O ^^""^^'^'^''^^
MORE THAN JUST A FARMER
A FTER listening, and trying to report as well as possible, some of the discussions at Massachusetts Cranberry clubs (and it would be the same in any cranberry-grow- ing state) we've decided it is hard to tell whether we have been at a gathering of agriculturalists, scientists, chemical or mechanical engineers, or at a bank board meeting.
Agriculture just ain't simple anymore — if it ever was. A modern farmer, and a cranberry grower is a farmer of a sort at least, even though it is highly specialized, has to be something of a mechanic, a sci- entist, a weatherman, a naturalist and a good business man. As time goes on, he will have to be even more adept at all these as complexities will increase instead of simplify.
But the average cranberry grower is not shying away from any of these things, particularly, perhaps the mechanical. Attendances have been high at cranberry meetings this Winter, and especially heavy at those which had panels which discussed new machinery or new mechanical techniques.
HAIL WISCONSIN
T'HIS year of 1953 would seem to be the 100th anniversary of cranberry growing in Wisconsin, as per the item elsewhere in this issue. Not much is known about this misty beginning of cranberry cultivation in the Badger State in 1853.
In this century of cranberry growing Wisconsin has accomplished a great deal. Coming in later than either Massachusetts or New Jersey, our neighbors out in the mid-West have now lirmly established Wisconsin as the second largest producing State. Not only is Wisconsin gaining rapidly in total production, but a graph would show she is steadily shooting upward in barrels per acre, at a higher rate than the general U. S. average.
"On Wisconsin." None should descry her spirit, initiative, hard-work and ambi- tion in the cranberry world.
With this final paragraph we are going to take a little bow for ourself. This issue completes 17 years of providing the cranberry industry with its only general, independent publication — CRANBERRIES.
CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS
Wisconsin
C. D. HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
W ash in gton — Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, Mass.
Getting out CRANBERRIES each month has been a lot of fun, but a lot of hard work, too. We hope we are doing a worth- while job for the cranberry growers of the nation. Currently, we would call attention to the scientific articles we have been running and plan to continue.
We thank the growers for their support, but we could use more in subscriptions and advertising — and probably give you even more in news, articles and pictures.
As really instructive material this month, we would particularly recommend the articles upon the cranberry flower by Dr. Cross and that upon insecticides and bees by Prof. Tomlinson. We feel these could well both be preserved for reference.
Fifteen
There was water aplenty in "cranberryland" Massa 'husetts this Spring, and early April was bringing atill more. Growers were not worrying about water for irosts, but in getting- water off. Above shows a swollen stream at an abandoned mill-site "Bull Jump", South Carver.
(CRANBERRIES Photo)
Sixteen
Above — Winter floods rush thiough flumes Makepeace Tihonet Bog at Wareham, Mass.
s as Spring- arrives. Picture shows water coming ofl' A. D.
(Cranberries Photo)
First Plans of '53 National Fall Festival
Preliminary plans for the Fall Cranberry Harvest Festival were made at a meeting of the festival committee at the NCA office, Han- son, March 17th. This event has been growing in popularity each year and so the ball was started rolling early.
Date selected is September 26, a Saturday, and if the day is un- favorable the event will be held Sunday. The place, as previously is to be famed Edaville. The pro- gram will be held to a single day, as that has been found more satis- factory, with the selection of the Massachusetts queen the evening before. She will compete with choices from other areas for the national title.
Although the date conflicts with Wisconsin's annual "Cranboree", it is hoped a queen will represent that state, New .lei-sey will offer a
candidate, and the West Coast could be represented if funds are I'aised for her transportation. Se- lection of the Massachusetts queen is limiteci to seniors in high schools from towns within the main cran- berry area, that is Barnstable and Plymouth counties. The winner is chosen on a merit system, with! per- sonality to represent the industry in following publicity events, a large factor.
National Cranberry! Week will be the following week, October 4 to 10. Program for the day is tentative- ly set as follows: chicken-cranberry barbeque, with places for 2, .500, 500 more than last year; crowning of the queen by a leading figure in government; pageant, jam-eating contest, favorite cranbewy dish con- test, big berry contest, recognition of the oldest cranberry grower and rides on the Edaville R. R.
Of special interest will be a dis- play of cranberry harvesting imple- ments from the first hand-made wooden scoop down to present day machinery.
All events are designed with the idea of obtaining maximum cian-
beri-y publicity at the start of the moving of the crop to market.
There will be a parade at Ply- mouth before the South Carver program, but this is under the di- rection of the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce, with cooperation of the cranberry industry. There is to be a cranberry program at Har- wich, which town provided last year's queen, before the festival.
Miss Ellen Stillman of NCA pre- sided at the meeting and is perma- nent chairman. Other committee members at the first se.ssion were: .James Glover, assistant to M. L. Uiann, Miss Betty Buchan, NCA publicity; Mrs. Owen Sayce, NCA; Lloyd Williams, ACE; Ralph Thacher, representing the Beaton Distributing Agency; Orrin CoUey of Cape Cod Cranberry Cooper- ative, Inc.; G. Howard Morse of Morse Bros., Attleboro; Arthur Handy, Pocasset, Clarence J. Hall, Cranberries Magazine. Members, but unable to attend the first meeting are Mrs. Elthea Atwood, .7. Richard Beattie, Mass. Cranberry Specialist and C. Theodore Kraft of Orleans.
WHO'S THE OLDEST
ACTIVE GROWER IN
THE NATION??
The National Cranberry Har- ^^est Festival Committee is very desirous of locating the oldest, active grower in the country- — no matter in what area he (or maybe she) lives and conducts cranberry operations .
It is the plan of the Commit- tee that this oldest grower re- ceive some mark of distinction at the time of the 1953 Festival September 26.
What the award will be and how it will be given out will be announced later. So, please let us know who you think this grower may be, possibly your- self or some other candidate. Address the name of your nomi- nee to Miss Ellen Stillman, chairman of the Committee, Na- tional Cranberry Association, Hanson, Mass.
LOOKS FOR LARGER FRUIT CROP IN '53
More fruit may be expected in 1953, also more vegetables, given normal weather, in the opinion of Joseph F. Hauck, extension mar- keting specialist at Rutgers Uni- versity, New Brunswick, N. J. He made his early prediction in the quarterly publication of Depart- ment of Agricultural Economics of the University.
He points out last year's apple crop was 15 percent lower than the average for the past 10 years. In New Jersey the crop was more than a million bushels less than in 1951. Bigger yields are expected this year all through the North- east and in the State of Washing- ton.
There were fewer peaches last year also. Hauck looks for a mod- erately larger crop in '53, especial- ly in some of the Pacific and south- ern states. Strawberry acreage seems likely to be less again in New Jersey and the country as a whole.
He expects continued high rates of consumption of canned and frozen foods. He saw little pos- sibility of a reduction in costs of production and marketing of fruit and vegetables this year.
Eighteen
1^ Cranberry Root Grubs ^ White Grubs * Poison Ivy it Chokeberry ir Wild Bean
use
SOLVAY
TRADE-MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF.
PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE
The Massachuseifs Cranberry Experiment Station Charts recommend Para-dichlorobenzene for treating Root Grubs, White Grubs, Chokeberry, Poison Ivy and VZild Bean. For best results, bogs should be treated in April or early May. Ask for details.
50LVAY/ PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE
FOR TREATING CRANBERRY BOGS is distributed by
THE CRANBERRY TRADING POST
• Onset, Mass.
• Hanson, Mass.
• North Harwich, Mass.
SOLVAY PROCESS DIVISION
jned hamicol
ALLIED CHEMICAL & DYE CORPORATION
45 MILK STREET. BOSTON 9, MASS.
U^ANN BELIEVES EUROPEAN TRIP RESULTFUL
Marcus L. Urann and Ferris C. Waite of NCA have returned from a trip to Europe to study, at first hand, prospects of increasing con- suniption of Ocean Spray products among the hundreds of thousands of Americans abroad in U. S. Mil- itary or other services.
The opinion expressed by the travelers was high, that this could be accomplished throug the in- formation they had obtained con- cerning the operations of Post Ex- changes and Commissary stores, the contacts they had made and the facts that Americans in Eu- rope are buying cranberry sauce as they are familiar w^ith cran- berries, and like them.
"My guess would be," said Mr. Urann, "that within three years we will be selling a million cases of Ocean Spray in Europe in this way. This, assuming, of course, that we will continue to have as many Americans there then as now obtaining their food items from this type of outlet.
He noted that two European orders had come in direct within a couple of weeks of his return, one for 625 cases and the other for 1250.
He said, it could not be easily determined how many cases of sauce are now being consumed by these Americans abroad. He said that 5,000 cases were directly sold in 1951 and 15,000 in 1952. But this was only a small part, as more was sent by indirect supply fi'om jobbers and others. It was his estimate there may be 100,00 eases being sold. He thought this could he stepped up easily five times, and probably ten.
All he knew, he said was that he found Ocean Spray "every- where" he went and was assured this was true of the other similar types of food stores. He said he found only Ocean Spray, with the exception of a few other labels which the National packed.
He said he and Mr. Waite talked with customers going in and out of the commissaries, which were much like super markets in the
UuuXd
THIS IS OUR SIXTH YEAR. ASK THE GROWER WHO BELONGS. THEN SEE US FOR ECONOMY, FOR SERVICES, FOR TECHNICAL GROWING ADVICES, AND FOR EFFECTIVE SALES.
Cranberry Growers, Inc.
Mead-Witter BIdg. WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN
TO CONTROL CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM
USE
ROTENONE and RVANIA
ADEQUATE STOCKS AVAILABLE
Nineteen
U. S. ejseept that the "trade" could not purchase without their permits to do so.
Messrs. Urann and Waite vis- ited only Prance and Italy, spend- ing considerable time in Paris and, Rome, but contacts had been made so that they met the top distrib- utors, who supplied stores in Eng- land, Germany, Austria and North Africa. The sauce was mostly sold at the equivalent of 18 cents a can.
Mr. Urann said they were tre- mendously pleased by the oppor- tunities for increasing supplies and sales of American cranberry sauce to these Americans while they were stationed in Europe. He said he had learned a lot and hoped, to go again.
Urann and Waite left on the Queen Mary from New York on February 2.3rd, disembarking at Cherbourg. They returned on the Queen Elizabeth, docking at New York March 19, having cut a pro- posed six weeks trip by 18 days, as they felt they had laid a good groundwork.
A railroad strike in Italy forced them to fly back from Rome to Paris in order to make the ship connections. They said the flight over the Alps was a wonderful ex- perience. The voyage over was "like a mill pond," although for two days coming back the big ship bucked gale winds, but rode with
little effort. Neither was sick.
A REPORT FROM NCA
March sales of Ocean Spray have broken all previous records for the month, selling 160,479 cases. Ocean Spray plants at Hanson and On- set, Massachusetts, North Chicago, Illinois, Bordentown, New Jersey; Coquille, Oregon, Markhairr, Wash- ington; and Canada went back to work in March to produce enough cranberry sauce to take care of the unusually heavy pre-Easter de- mand.
NCA is expected to pay another §1.00 per barrel on 1952 berries on April 15 bringing the total paid to date up to §12.00 Executive com- mittee meets to pass on it the 10th.
The results of Easter promo- tion are really excellent and sales- men and brokers report that Ocean Spray displays in the stores and newspaper advertising look more like Thanksgiving.
"If one Hod,gkins can do a good selling job for Ocean Spray," says Marcus L. Urann, "then two Hodgkins can do twice as good." To prove his theory, he hired Richard Hodgkins to sell cran- berry sauce, and his father Tom Hodgkins is showing him the ropes.
Richard Hodgkins is not new in
Another growing season is underway — You will have one less worry if your Insurance is in capable hands.
Eben A. Thacher
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Telephone: Hancock 6-0830
the selling business. Following his graduation from Bryant & Strat- ton two year ago, he went to work for Libby, McNeill & Libby as salesman in the Maine area. At the present time he is understudying his father in Ocean Spray's smaller markets. His headquarters will be Columbus, Ohio and his territory will include Columbus, Toled.o and Cincinnati.
'53 Wisconsin's 100th Anniversary Of Cranberries
A fact which Is probably scarcely realized at all, is that 1953 may be the 100th anniversary of cran- berry cultivation in Wisconsin. The information is extremely sketchy concerning this first venture in the Badger State into the growing of cranberries.
Your editor found reference to it in doing research in early Wis- consin cranberry growing in the Wisconsin Horticultural Society records of 1875, and, the same in- formation is to be found in "Wis- consin Cranberry Production and Marketing," Bulletin No. 299, a publication of Wisconsin State De- partment of Agriculture.
The information is simply that a Mr. H. Floyd of Berlin, which is in the Fox River valley, where the Wisconsin industry got its start, said at the 1875 meeting that a George A. Peiffer of Pewaukee told him he had cultivated cranber- ries since 1853. He "found they grew readily from cuttings, even in clay soil. He found difficulty with frost heaving the ground and covering the vines with muck where he had scalped the marshes."
There has, apparently, been no further research.
Citrus Fruits Increasing In Use Over Non-Citrus
Civilian consumption of all fruit, fresh weight basis, increased from 177 pounds per person in 1935 to 227 pounds in 1946, then declined to 200 pounds in 1951.
Consumption of non-citrus fruit was moderately smaller in 1951 than in 1935, while that of citrus fiuit was comprised 41 percent of the total, compared with 27 in 1935. (1953 Agricultural Outlook Charts, USDA.)
Twenty
Reference List Cranberry Books Bulletins to 1915
Many who are interested in cranberries know that many years ago two books were published on cranberry culture. The first one was written by B. Eastwood in 1860 and it contained 120 pages. The Rev. Mr. Eastwood became familiar with the culture of cran- berries by traveling and corre- sponding with cranberry growers all over the growing region, which at that time was mostly confined to Barnstable county in Massachu- setts. Many people do not know that Eastwood's book was pub- lished as two printings. The first pi-inting was in 1860 and the il- lustrations were done by J. R. Dix, del. These illustrations or plates were done by hand in a shading or half-tone effect. There was at least one more printing (no date given) of Eastwood's book in which the original text was used but the plates were new. In the later print- ing the illustrations were by S. J. Cox and were line drawings. Of Some Value Today This book had some information which is still good and there are, as is to be expected, some state- ments which appear very unreason- able. Beach sand, was considered to be the best "soil" for the growth of cranberries. However, "Peat is found to be excellent, in fact, next in value and importance to the beach sand, for the growth of cranberries."
Eastwood made an interesting statement on the grade of bogs. "It is not an uncommon practice with some growers, to make their patches flat, but this is rather pass- ing into disrepute; the incline plane of construction or formation being preferred by most cultivat- ors." "Yard" is frequently used by Eastwood to refer to the bog while "patch" seems to refer to section. White's Book Ten years later, J. J. White wrote a book of cranberry culture which was a little longer than East- man's as it contained 126 pages. In 1885 this book was revised and a few pages added. The revised form was printed in 1901 and 1907.
J. J. While was a foremost cran- berry grower and an consultant for cranberry growers in New Jersey. In his first book he included an advertisement for his counseling service, cranberry land, and cran- berry vines. This book tells more about the formation of peat or muck that did Eastwood's book. White also frequently referred to bogs as "patches" and "yards."
Both of these books covered the subject of cranberries very well and. the fact that more than one printing was made of each in- dicates they must have sold better than was expected.
At the time these books were written there were no cranberry varieties as we know them today, but the shape of the berries was referred to as bell, cherry and bu- gle. Some of the descriptive names were 'large' and 'small' and some carried the name of the section in which they were grown.
An Early Bulletin
One of the first buletins pub- lished on the subject of cranberries was about the cranberry spanworm written by J. B. Snrith and pub- lished in 1884 as U. S. D. A. Di- vision Entomology Bulletin 4. An- other early bulletin, a Report on Insects by C. H. Fernald, was pub- lished in 1892 as Massachusetts Agricultural College Bulletin 19. This bulletin contained the results of a survey on insect control by flooding or burning which indicates the rather common use of flooding before 1890. The flooding was from
twelve hours to five days. The month the flood was used varied with the grower.
In 1907 there were two publica- tions. F. H. Chittenden reported the cranberry spanworm on truck crops. H. J. Franklin made a "Pre- liminary report on Cranberry In- sects" in Massachusetts Agricul- tural Experiment Station Bulletin 115. The following year Franklin published "How to Fight Cran- berry Insects," Mass. Bulletin 126.
The same year, 1908, "The Cran- berry Insects of Wisconsin" was written by C. B. Hardenberg as Bulletin 159 of the Wisconsin Agri- cultural Experiment Station. This 22 page publication contained two color plates illustrating a number of the cranberry insects which were injurious in Wisconsin.
A bulletin on general culture of cranberries was published in Ore- gon in 1909 by C. J. Lewis and C. A. Cole. 0. G. Malde wrote "Cran- berry Bog Construction for Wis- consin" and "Cranberry Bog Man- agement for Wisconsin," Bulletins 213 and 219. These bulletins wea'e well illustrated and very complete for that time.
This artidle has reviewed or listed only the books or bulletins up to the year 1915. There are reports of Experiment Stations, proceed- ings of the girowers associations in the diff'erent states and journal articles which have not been re-- viewed.
Cranberry Literature Exchange
m • •
Cranberry growers who have literature such as bulletins or arti'-les pertaining to cranberries which they no longer want, may be interested in securing other bulletins or articles which they do not have. Cranberries will try to assist you in exchanging the literature which you do not want for some of the articles which you do want. K you are interested, send us the title of the publi- cation you have for exchange to "CRANBERRIES," Wareham, Mass., and specify what you wish to have sent to you. We will publish the title you wish. As soon as it becomes available it will be forwarded to you.
This is a service offered by "CRANBERRIES" to get cran- berry literature to cranberry growers. It is a plan by which you send your duplicates or issues you no longer want for exchange for what you desire. Old issues of Cranberries may be sent in for newer issues or for other publications.
No charge for this service.
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Twenty-on«
Whaf Is a Cat Worth?
By Ethel Kranick
Juset how valuable is a farm cat, or cats? It is about time the farmer began to appreciate and give cats their just cerdit in the success of their farms.
It doesn't cost much to feed a cat because their chief diet comes from hunting birds, rabbits and rodents. A few table scraps or a bowl of milk at the barn and kind treatment will make a cat feel at home and stay with you until the 9th generation. Of course you may have rtio give them away or dunk the excess in the creek but even so they will do you a lot of service. How a Cat Aided The Cranberry Crop
Here is the story of at least one farmer ... a man who grows cranberries. For nineteen years he had but one cat. A tiger striped male who grew to giant size be- cause he had been robbed of his mating instinct, along with his tendency to roam. Oswald was his name. He had outlived most cats with nine lives but the farmer didn't consider him of any value except as a pet.
One day Oswald disappeared and a couple of weeks later his carcuss was found floating in a water stor- age ditch. Since Oswald was not
a progency producer there was no cat left to take his place. This farmer saw no special need for a cat on his, farm so he didn't bother to secure another cat.
Months slipped by and the new cranberry crop was growing nicely. Then brown patches were showing up in the cranberry marsh. Upon examination it was found that the vines were being chewed off by field mice. Great areas of vines could literally be rolled up like a carpet. In consternation this cranberry grower put out poison grain and poison apple bait but thel vines con- tinued to die until he was getting desperate.
It take^ six years for those vines to grow back and produce more berries, so the loss began to loom lai-ger and larger.
"Goldie" Replaces "Oswald"
One day a friend offered him a cat because they just had too many. The offer was accepted not realiz- ing that a cat would solve the prob- lem.
The next Spring when the vines began to grow it was quite ap- parent that no brown spots were showing up . . . but the farmer did notice that Goldie, the blonde yellow eat, was spending a lot of time ;ut on the cranberry marsh.
One afternoon he saw Goldie pre- cariously swaying on a dike, bal- ancing herself with her tail. Then ill! ;it once she fairly flew through
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the air, some eight or ten feet away, to clutch a short tailed field mouse and proudly brought it to the owner as much as to say "see what I have done". Then it was that the farmer began to realize that old Oswald had been saving his fields for nineteen long years. The damage done the one year without a cat was about $500. If Oswald had worked 19 years and saved him $500 a year, Oswald was worth $9,500 during his life time. Goldie has already established her worth as a mouser and her kittens are now in demand because of her fame as a hunter. Goldie has been on this farm for three years and is worth at least $1,000 in crop protection.
A Good Cat 4 Worth Its Weight in Gold
What is a cat worth to a farmer? The best way to find out is to be without a cat for a while aftel^ they have been on a place for a few years.
Just how many cats are neces- sary depends on the size of the farm and the kind of a crop. It might be added that cats have per- sonality and a variety of talents. Some are good and some are bad but a good cat is worth her weight in gold . . . and no foolin'.
Jersey '52 Crop Big Despite Odd Weather
New Jersey cranberry growers sometimes feel that they have some sort of disadvantage because their weather is warmer than that of the other cranberry areas. Walter Z. Fort's very interesting comparison of 1952 and 1951 weather may throw a somewhat dift'erent light upon that idea. Mr. Fort, Manager of the Growers' Cranberry Com- pany, Pemberton, says:
"New Jersey had its biggest cranberry crop in 1952 (for the past 15 years), with a total of 114,000 barrels. This is the largest crop harvested in this state since 1937, when 175,000 barrels were harvested.
"The weather during the grow- ing season (generally considered as from May 1 to October 31) was most unusual. The records show that during this period in 1952 the
Jwenty-tvirp
rainfall was 1.75 inclieS^ above nor- mal, or 7.92 inches more rainfall than during the 1951 growing sea- son. Temperatures averaged 3.1 degrees above the Weather Bu- reau's normal and the 1952 grow- ing season averaged 9.5 degrees warmer than the 1951 season.
"The 1952 growing season was also unusual in that from June 2 to June 19 there was no rainfall and during this period fi'om the 15th to the 19th maximum tem- peratures averaged 94.7 degrees. From July 12 through July 24, maximum tempei'atures were 90 to 9fi degrees with an average maximum tempei'ature of 9.3 de- grees. July was reported by Philip K. Marucci, at the Cranberry and Blueberry Experimental Station, as the hottest July in more than 20 years of weather recording by that office. Rainfall last August was 3.24 inches above noi'mal and for August of 1951 it was 3.03 inches below normal^
"Such extremees of weather are generally considered as con- ducive to growing a large crop of cranberries."
SCOOPS AND SCREENINGS I
How do you suppose Dr. Ches- ter E. Cross, director of Massa- chusetts Cranberry Experiment Station is listed for occupation as a voter in his home town of Sand- wich ? The answer is "farmer." "Chet" didn't know that himself until he found himself drawn re- cently for the Barnstable County Grand Jury — and there it was "farmer." Why this should be so he can't comprehend, although he does have a small vegetable gar- den each season.
We rather pulled a bloomer last week in mentioning the new cran- berry deveolpment at so-called Lulu Island near Vancouver, British Col- umbia. Our item implied there were 1,000 acres in production or being gotten ready for production. Instead the 1,000 acre figure is po- tential cranberry bog and only about 45 acres are now actually in hearing.
Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, N. J. Both are by Charles A. Doehlert, Associate Research Specialist, Cranberry and Blueberry Research Laboratory, Pemberton. One is Circular 550, "Facts About Fertiliz- ing Blueberries," and the other, Ciicular 551, "Propagating Blue- berries From Hardwood Cuttings."
"What happened? Did your flume go out or something?" has been a frequent, kidding remark of visitors to the Massachusetts State Bog all Wintei-. Reason is that practically all Winter the vines have been bare of cold weather flood.
A flood was put on over the holi- day, drawn off' January 8, and then only twice since and for not more than a total of 12 hours has the bog been flooded. This is in the nature of an experiment by Director Cross in "Winter Exposure for Bogs." Also Dr. H. F. Bergman, Senior Pathologist, USD A, concludes his long years of service to the cran- berry industry next September and Dr. Cross has been operating- the bog in accordance with Dr. Berg- man's theories as regards to Win- ter flooding and oxygen deficiency damage to vines, but with the pro- vision that the bog would be re- flooded at any time temperatures became too dangerous.
A strict watch has been kept and now with the coming of Spring the bog looks fine. Dr. Cross hopes, following out Dr. Bergman's suggestions production may be upped next Fall. In fact he now says, the bog might produce an excellent crop, and this in spite of the fact that budding was not es- pecially heavy, but only fair.
However, it might be pointed out this is an experiment which can be tried only with some risk, unless a grower is so situated he can flood quickly at an ytime low tempera- tures threaten and is willing to keep keen vigil over the bog all Winter long.
Remember that last Fall Dr. H. J. Franklin made the prediction that the Massachusetts cranberry area would have a mild and open Winter? Well, it has assuredly been exactly that.
Two new blueberry pamphlets have just been isued by the New
Let's hear from the Old Cajie
Codder of Punkhom again. He sa^S the Spring is the season when cats and humans kinda like to wander around. So he tells this one.
There were two old maids who lived in Punkhorn. One of 'em, to everybody's surprise got an invita- tion to marry a travelling sales- man. She did. The sisters had a cat named "Minnie," and they kept this cat in strict seclusion in Vic- torian style. So when the sister got married, the one who was not married asked her to send back a telegram of how was the honey- moon.
She got a wire back of three wo)ds, "Let Minnie Out."
FIREWOOD BUYERS LISTED IN NEW JERSEY
"Where can I sell firewood? This question has been in the minds of many woodland owners including cranberry growers who are anxious to make an improvement cutting or thinning in the farm forest.
Cull trees frequently are good only for pulpwood and fuel wood. Today automatic central heating in many suburban and country homes has crowded the woodbox next to the open fireplace. In these homes wood is a luxury item.
Often wood dealers don't know where to get firewood for resale. Likewise woodland owners often fail to find markets.
Recently in cooperation with the New Jersey Fuel Dealers' Associ- ation about 1500 dealers were ques- tioned about their firewood needs. The inquiry resulted in a list of people who buy firewood. Prices ranged from .$12 to $22 per cord delivered at a designated point.
Modern farming provides an an- nual market for 320-million pounds of raw rubber, enough to put tires on C-million automobiles. The na- tion's farmers also use 15-billion kilowatt hours of electricity an- nually, enough to supply the cities of Chicago, Detroit, Baltimore and Houston for a full year.
A growing U. S. population is making increased demands on American agriculture. The aver- age daily population increase at the end of 1951 was 7,392, which means an increase in food pro- duction of 16 tons per day is needed to keep pace with the population's food requirements.
Twenty-three
"APRIL SHOWERS BRING FORTH MAYFLOWERS"
That's an old Cape Cod Jingle. The adequate use of
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Sprayer Troubles
Clogged nozzles can be a common cause of trouble in spraying. Such troubles are lessened or avoided, however, where the sprayer is properly equipped with strainers or filters, including intake, discharge, and nozzle screens. Selection may also be determined to some extent by the boom arrangement and con- struction.
In any case, a farmer is well ad- vised who chooses a sprayer made by an established manufacturer who has a reputation built up over years of experience for making reliable equipment. The assurance of quick delivery on repair parts and confi- dence in the ability of the local dealer to provide reliable service also are important elements in sprayer selection. (New England Homestead.)
The law of liberty is born in the breast of every man, and generally knocked out by the reforming fan- atic.
The Future is Now!
Cranberry growers don't have to wait for more effective marketing and larger dollar returns. They can get these benefits, this year, by selling their cran- berries through the American Cranberry Exchange.
Watch for details of our 1953 Sales and Merchan- dising Program.
^.EATMOR CRANBERRIES
5 South Sixth Street
New Bedford, Ma.ss.
Tw«nly-(our
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